Transdermal / oral borneol nano drug-loaded antibacterial system

Abstract

The invention provides a transdermal / oral borneol nano drug-loading antibacterial system. Relates to the technical field of pharmaceutical preparation and nano material application, and comprises a borneol matrix construction module for performing molecular self-assembly on borneol to form a porous nano skeleton structure. The antibacterial active component module comprises an antibacterial material, and the antibacterial active component module embeds the antibacterial material into pores and the surface of the porous nano skeleton to form a composite skeleton structure. According to the transdermal / oral borneol nano drug-loading antibacterial system, a porous nano skeleton structure is formed through molecular self-assembly of the borneol matrix construction module, and an antibacterial material is embedded into pores and surfaces in cooperation with the antibacterial active component module, so that a composite skeleton structure is finally formed. According to the structure, drug loading, packaging and release regulation and control are carried out through a nano-molecule locking technology and a two-channel delivery module, so that the antibacterial effect of transdermal / oral administration is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical formulation and nanomaterial application technology, specifically to a transdermal / orally edible camphor nano-drug delivery antibacterial system. Background Technology

[0002] In modern drug development, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapies are important directions for both basic research and clinical application. Traditional formulations include oral tablets, capsules, and topical ointments, which can meet routine drug delivery needs. With the development of nanomaterials science, researchers have begun to explore encapsulating drugs in liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, or inorganic nanoparticles to improve drug stability and targeting. Borneol, as a traditional medicinal ingredient, has been widely studied for its pharmacological effects of clearing heat and relieving pain, and refreshing the mind. Borneol has a promoting effect on transdermal absorption, increasing the speed and concentration of drug crossing the skin barrier. Combining borneol with nanotechnology, allowing it to participate in the construction of drug delivery systems, provides new possibilities for achieving efficient absorption and multi-route drug delivery.

[0003] However, existing research still has significant shortcomings. Most borneol formulations are limited to using borneol as an excipient or transdermal enhancer, rather than as a core matrix to fulfill the function of a drug carrier. These formulations have significant deficiencies in stability, duration of action, and dual-channel delivery, failing to simultaneously meet the combined needs of transdermal absorption and oral administration. The lack of borneol-based nanosystems limits the delivery methods of antibacterial drugs, making long-term antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatment difficult to achieve. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a transdermal / oral borneol nano-drug delivery antibacterial system. The technical problem solved by this invention is how to solve the problems of low delivery efficiency, poor drug stability, and difficulty in release control of traditional antibacterial drugs through a dual-channel delivery method of the borneol nano-drug delivery antibacterial system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a transdermal / orally oriented camphor nano-drug delivery antibacterial system, comprising: The borneol matrix construction module performs molecular self-assembly of borneol to form a porous nanoframework structure, which serves as the main framework for drug delivery. An antibacterial active ingredient module includes an antibacterial material, wherein the antibacterial active ingredient module embeds the antibacterial material into the pores and surface of the porous nanoframework to form a composite framework structure; The drug loading and encapsulation module performs molecular fixation on the composite framework structure to form nanocomposite particles, wherein the molecular fixation adopts nanomolecular locking technology. A dual-channel delivery module performs dual-channel delivery processing on the nanocomposite particles and the borneol to form a dual-channel intermediate composite structure. The dual-channel delivery module regulates the release of the dual-channel intermediate composite structure to form a drug delivery system. The dual-channel delivery processing includes transdermal penetration channel processing and oral structure protection channel processing. The release regulation adopts an environmental response mechanism. The system application module releases the antibacterial material through the drug delivery system under transdermal and oral administration conditions.

[0006] Preferably, the molecular self-assembly is performed using a solution evaporation self-assembly method, and the pore size range of the porous nanoframework is 20 nm–100 nm.

[0007] Preferably, the antibacterial material comprises metal nanoparticles, natural antibacterial molecules, and small molecule antibiotics, and the embedding is performed using an ultrasonic dispersion-capillary action combination method.

[0008] Preferably, the nanomolecule locking technology is a synergistic effect of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding interactions, and van der Waals forces, and the model formula for the nanomolecule locking technology is as follows: .

[0009] in, Total locked energy, unit: , Electrostatic energy, unit: , The energy of hydrogen bonding is expressed in units of 1000 kJ / m². , The van der Waals energy, in units of , For the weighting coefficients, satisfying , dimensionless.

[0010] Preferably, the transdermal penetration channel treatment involves permeating the borneol through molecular surface modification, and the oral structural protection channel treatment involves structurally fixing the nanocomposite particles through polymer encapsulation.

[0011] Preferably, the permeation rate of the transdermal permeation channel treatment ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 mg·cm⁻¹. -2 ·h -1 The oral structure protection channel treatment maintains drug integrity of more than 80% under gastric acid conditions and releases more than 60% within 4 hours under intestinal conditions.

[0012] Preferably, the environmental response mechanism employs a pH release response method, and the model formula for the pH release response method is as follows: .

[0013] in, Drug release rate, in units of , The release constant is expressed in units of 1. , The pH value is a dimensionless value representing the pH of the environment. The initial response threshold is defined as 5.5–6.0, and is dimensionless.

[0014] Preferably, the release is diffusion-driven, whereby borneol molecules form temporary channels in the stratum corneum of the skin, allowing the antibacterial material to be gradually released from the nanocomposite particles and penetrate the skin barrier into the skin tissue, thereby achieving localized and continuous antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

[0015] This invention provides a transdermal / orally applicable borneol nano-drug delivery antibacterial system. It possesses the following beneficial effects: This transdermal / oral borneol nanoparticle-based antibacterial system utilizes a borneol matrix building block to construct a porous nanoframework structure through molecular self-assembly. This, combined with an antibacterial active ingredient module, embeds antibacterial materials into the pores and surface, ultimately forming a composite framework structure. This structure employs nanomolecular locking technology and a dual-channel delivery module to regulate drug loading, encapsulation, and release, thereby achieving transdermal / oral antibacterial delivery.

[0016] The dual-channel delivery module enables precise release control of the nanocomposite particles and borneol. Through transdermal penetration and oral structure protection channels, the antibacterial material is effectively released under varying environmental conditions, thereby enhancing drug stability and antibacterial efficacy. Environmental response mechanisms allow for precise drug release based on pH changes, achieving sustained antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the system structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the preparation process of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the mechanism of action and release path of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0019] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a transdermal / orally applicable borneol nano-drug delivery antibacterial system, comprising a borneol matrix construction module, wherein borneol is subjected to molecular self-assembly to form a porous nanoframework structure, which serves as the main framework for drug delivery. The molecular self-assembly employs a solution evaporation self-assembly method, and the pore size of the porous nanoframework ranges from 20 nm to 100 nm.

[0020] The antibacterial active ingredient module includes antibacterial materials, which are embedded in the pores and surface of a porous nanoframework to form a composite framework structure. The antibacterial materials include metal nanoparticles, natural antibacterial molecules, and small molecule antibiotics, embedded using an ultrasonic dispersion-capillary action combination method.

[0021] The drug loading and encapsulation module immobilizes the composite framework structure to form nanocomposite particles using nanomolecular locking technology. This nanomolecular locking technology utilizes the synergistic effects of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. The model formula for nanomolecular locking technology is as follows: .

[0022] in, Total locked energy, unit: , Electrostatic energy, unit: , The energy of hydrogen bonding is expressed in units of 1000 kJ / m². , The van der Waals energy, in units of , For the weighting coefficients, satisfying , dimensionless.

[0023] A dual-channel delivery module is used to deliver nanocomposite particles and borneol through a dual-channel process, forming a dual-channel intermediate composite structure. The module then regulates the release of this intermediate composite structure to create a drug delivery system. The dual-channel delivery process includes transdermal permeation channel treatment and oral structure protection channel treatment, with release regulation employing an environmental response mechanism. Transdermal permeation channel treatment involves surface modification of borneol, while oral structure protection channel treatment involves polymer encapsulation to immobilize the nanocomposite particles. The permeation rate of the transdermal permeation channel treatment ranges from 0.1 mg·cm⁻²·h. -1 -1.0 mg·cm -2 ·h -1Oral structure-protected channel treatment maintained greater than 80% drug integrity under gastric acid conditions and greater than 60% release within 4 hours under intestinal conditions. The environmental response mechanism employed was the pH release response method, with the model formula as follows: .

[0024] in, Drug release rate, in units of , The release constant is expressed in units of 1. , The pH value is a dimensionless value representing the pH of the environment. The initial response threshold is 5.5–6.0, and is dimensionless.

[0025] The system application module releases antibacterial materials through a drug delivery system under transdermal and oral administration conditions. The release is diffusion-driven, where borneol molecules form temporary channels in the stratum corneum of the skin, allowing the antibacterial material to be gradually released from the nanocomposite particles and penetrate the skin barrier into the skin tissue, thereby achieving localized and sustained antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

[0026] Borneol possesses transdermal penetration properties, enabling it to deliver medication directly to local skin areas without relying on systemic absorption. This process significantly increases the local drug concentration, thereby enhancing antibacterial activity and making it suitable for treating skin-related infectious diseases.

[0027] This system employs a diffusion-driven release mechanism, where borneol molecules form temporary channels in the stratum corneum of the skin, allowing the antibacterial material to be gradually released and penetrate the skin barrier, ultimately reaching the skin tissue. This sustained-release mechanism provides long-term antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, which is of great significance for the treatment of chronic or long-term infections.

[0028] During oral administration, polymer encapsulation technology is used to immobilize the structure of nanocomposite particles, preventing drug degradation in the acidic gastric environment. Through this protective mechanism, the drug can be rapidly released in the intestinal environment, and its integrity is maintained under acidic conditions, ensuring the drug's efficacy and bioavailability.

[0029] This system employs a pH-responsive release mechanism, enabling precise drug release under varying physiological conditions by adjusting the relationship between drug release rate and environmental pH. This mechanism enhances drug targeting and therapeutic efficiency, allowing for intelligent regulation based on specific physiological conditions.

[0030] The dual-channel delivery system allows for precise control of drug release pathways and timing, thereby reducing side effects in the body. The drug can act continuously at the desired site, minimizing unnecessary systemic absorption, thus optimizing therapeutic efficacy and reducing adverse reactions.

[0031] The application of nanotechnology improves drug stability and bioavailability, and effectively reduces drug toxicity and side effects on the human body. This system is suitable for antibacterial therapy, improving therapeutic efficacy while ensuring drug biocompatibility, making it safer during treatment.

[0032] Example 2 This embodiment is based on a transdermal / orally oriented camphor nanoparticle drug delivery antibacterial system. It utilizes nanomolecular locking technology to achieve effective drug delivery and encapsulation of silver nanoparticles within a porous camphor nanoframework, thereby providing a stable and controllable antibacterial drug release system. Specific implementation details are as follows: 1. Selection and preparation of drug-loaded materials Silver nanoparticles were chosen as the antibacterial material. Due to their excellent antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles have been widely used in medical applications. To ensure their effective embedding within the porous nanoframework and maintain stability during use, the particle size of the silver nanoparticles was controlled at 30 nm.

[0033] Experimental data: Silver nanoparticle concentration: 10 mg / mL.

[0034] Preparation method: Silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction. A 10 mg / mL silver nitric acid solution was reacted with ammonia and glucose at 60 °C for 4 hours to obtain a silver nanoparticle solution.

[0035] 2. Preparation of porous nanoframeworks A porous nanoframework for borneol matrix was prepared using a solution evaporation self-assembly method. This method induces borneol molecules to self-assemble into a porous nanoframework through solvent evaporation, enabling effective drug loading.

[0036] To prepare the borneol solution: Dissolve 2g of borneol in 20mL of dichloromethane and stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved.

[0037] The solution was dropped onto a glass slide, and the solvent was evaporated at 35°C to form a porous nanoframework structure.

[0038] Data Records: The porous nanoframework has a pore size range of 20 nm to 100 nm, and the average pore size measured in the experiment was 50 nm, which meets the requirements of drug carriers.

[0039] 3. Dispersion and embedding of antibacterial materials Ultrasonic dispersion technology is used to uniformly disperse silver nanoparticles into the pores of a porous nanoframework, ensuring that the antibacterial material does not aggregate and can be uniformly embedded in the framework.

[0040] Ultrasonic dispersion process: The ultrasonic power was set to 100W and the dispersion time was 30 minutes to ensure that the silver nanoparticles were completely and uniformly dispersed.

[0041] The treated solution was transparent, and the silver nanoparticles maintained a stable size of 30 nm without aggregation.

[0042] Embedding process: Silver nanoparticles were embedded into the pores of a porous framework via capillary action. The entire process was carried out at room temperature for 12 hours to ensure that the particles were fully integrated into the framework structure.

[0043] 4. Application of Nanomolecular Locking Technology To ensure the stability and drug loading efficiency of silver nanoparticles within a porous framework, a nanomolecular locking technique is employed. This technique utilizes the synergistic effects of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces to immobilize the antibacterial material within the porous structure.

[0044] Locked energy calculation: The model formula for nanomolecule locking technology is as follows: .

[0045] in, Total locked energy, unit: , Electrostatic energy, unit: , The energy of hydrogen bonding is expressed in units of 1000 kJ / m². , The van der Waals energy, in units of , For the weighting coefficients, satisfying , dimensionless.

[0046] set up: electrostatic energy .

[0047] Hydrogen bond interaction energy .

[0048] van der Waals force energy .

[0049] Weighting coefficients: , , .

[0050] The total locking energy was calculated as follows: .

[0051] This result demonstrates that silver nanoparticles are effectively immobilized in porous structures, enhancing drug loading capacity and reducing material loss.

[0052] 5. Formation and purification of nanocomposite particles Stable nanocomposite particles were formed using nanomolecule locking technology. To remove unembedded free silver nanoparticles, purification was performed using ultrafiltration and dialysis.

[0053] Purification steps: Unbound silver nanoparticles were removed using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 30 kDa.

[0054] Further purification was performed using dialysis to ensure that the final product did not contain free silver nanoparticles.

[0055] Purification results: The purified nanocomposite particles maintained a particle size of 30 nm, and their uniformity was verified by dynamic light scattering.

[0056] 6. Drug release performance evaluation The drug release characteristics of the nanocomposite particles were evaluated through in vitro experiments. The experiments mainly involved two administration methods: transdermal release and oral release.

[0057] Transdermal release assay: A transdermal delivery device was used to simulate drug release from the skin surface. A 0.1% sodium chloride solution was used as the receiving fluid to simulate the skin penetration environment, and a constant temperature of 37°C was maintained.

[0058] Nanocomposite particles were coated onto a skin model and held in place using a transdermal release device to ensure stable experimental conditions. Samples were taken hourly, and a specific volume of solution was extracted from the receiving fluid for drug concentration determination. The concentration of silver nanoparticles in each sample was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer or high-performance liquid chromatography. The cumulative drug release was recorded, and the release rate was calculated.

[0059] The transdermal release rate was set at 0.1–1.0 mg·cm⁻¹. -2 ·h -1 The transdermal release rate data obtained through experiments are as follows: In the first hour of the experiment, the amount of drug released was 0.4 mg / cm².

[0060] Over the next 3 hours, the release rate stabilized at 0.5 mg / cm² per hour.

[0061] In the last 2 hours, the release rate decreased to 0.3 mg / cm².

[0062] The calculations show that the transdermal release rate of the drug is 0.5 mg / cm³. -2 ·h -1 .

[0063] Based on the above experimental data, the drug release rate remained approximately stable at 0.5 mg / cm³. -2 ·h -1 It meets the design requirements of drug delivery systems, ensuring continuous drug release on the skin surface.

[0064] Oral release assay: In a simulated gastric acid environment with pH 1.5, the integrity of the drug is maintained at more than 80%.

[0065] When transferred to an intestinal environment simulating pH 6.5, the drug release rate was greater than 60% within 4 hours.

[0066] Using nanomolecular locking technology, silver nanoparticles were successfully embedded into a porous borneol matrix to form stable nanocomposite particles. Experimental data show that the developed drug loading and encapsulation system can effectively provide sustained antibacterial effects and is suitable for transdermal and oral administration.

[0067] Example 3 This embodiment is based on a transdermal / oral borneol nanoparticle-loaded antibacterial system. Through a dual-channel delivery system, it optimizes drug delivery via both transdermal and oral routes, improving drug release control and bioavailability. Specific implementation details are as follows: 1. Material selection and preparation Transdermal and oral drug delivery is achieved using a dual-channel delivery system that combines borneol matrix with antibacterial drug composites.

[0068] Antibiotic selection: Silver nanoparticles and tea tree oil extract were selected as antibacterial components to ensure that the drug has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.

[0069] Carrier matrix: By using borneol as a nanocarrier, borneol molecules can form a porous nanoframework structure through self-assembly, with the pore size controlled within the range of 20nm–100nm, to ensure effective drug loading and controlled release.

[0070] Formation of the composite framework: Silver nanoparticles and tea tree oil extract were uniformly embedded into the porous structure of borneol using an ultrasonic dispersion method. Experimental data showed that the drug loading was 30%, meaning that each gram of borneol nanocarrier could load 300 mg of antibacterial components.

[0071] 2. Dual-channel delivery process The drug is delivered efficiently through both transdermal and oral delivery channels, ensuring both local and systemic therapeutic effects.

[0072] Transdermal delivery pathway: Borneol surface modification: Liposome technology is used to improve the surface structure of borneol and enhance its transdermal permeability.

[0073] Transdermal permeation rate: Experimental data show that the transdermal permeation rate is 0.5 mg·cm⁻¹. -2 ·h -1 This ensures that the medication can gradually penetrate the skin to achieve a local antibacterial effect.

[0074] Oral structural protection pathways: Polymer encapsulation technology: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymer is used to encapsulate nanocomposite particles, protecting the stability of the drug in the acidic environment of the stomach. Experimental data show that the encapsulated particles can maintain more than 85% integrity under acidic conditions.

[0075] 3. Drug release control based on environmental response mechanisms By utilizing a pH-responsive release mechanism, the drug release rate can be adjusted under different pH conditions.

[0076] pH-responsive release mechanism: The drug is rapidly released in acidic environments and slowly released in neutral or alkaline environments. The model formula for the pH release response method is as follows: .

[0077] in, Drug release rate, in units of , The release constant is expressed in units of 1. , The pH value is a dimensionless value representing the pH of the environment. The initial response threshold is 5.5–6.0, and is dimensionless.

[0078] Constant setting: Set the release constant .

[0079] Initial response threshold The setting is 5.8 to ensure that the drug can be released rapidly in the acidic environment of the stomach and slowly in the small intestine.

[0080] Calculation of gastric acid release rate: Assume that the pH of gastric acid is 1.5.

[0081] .

[0082] Since the release rate cannot be negative, it means the drug will be released rapidly in the acidic environment of the stomach; the actual release rate is... .

[0083] Calculation of release rate in the small intestinal environment: Assume the pH of the small intestine is 6.8.

[0084] .

[0085] In the small intestine, the drug release rate is... This indicates that the drug is released slowly in the intestines.

[0086] 4. Calculation of drug release amount Assuming the initial total amount of drug is 100mg, calculate the amount of drug released in different environments.

[0087] Stomach acid environment, pH=1.5: Assuming the drug remains in the acidic environment of the stomach for 2 hours, the amount released would be: .

[0088] The small intestinal environment has a pH of 6.8. Assuming the drug remains in the small intestine for 4 hours, the amount released would be: .

[0089] 5. Calculation of Remaining Drug Amount Release from gastric acid environment: 4.3 mg.

[0090] Release amount in the small intestine: 2mg.

[0091] Remaining medication amount: .

[0092] 6. Final drug release effect The drug release occurred as follows throughout the entire drug delivery process: Release amount in gastric acid environment: 4.3mg.

[0093] Released amount in the small intestine: 2 mg.

[0094] Remaining medication: 93.7 mg.

[0095] Through dual-channel delivery, the drug can be rapidly released in the acidic environment of the stomach while being slowly released in the small intestine, maximizing the drug's bioavailability and ensuring its sustained antibacterial effect.

[0096] In summary, the drug can achieve differentiated release in the acidic environment of the stomach and the small intestine. By combining a borneol matrix with an antibacterial drug composite material, the system precisely controls the drug release rate in different environments through a pH-responsive mechanism, thereby ensuring the drug's sustained effectiveness in vivo. This system effectively improves drug bioavailability and enhances therapeutic efficacy, demonstrating high clinical application value.

[0097] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A transdermal / orally edible borneol nano-drug delivery antibacterial system, characterized in that, include: The borneol matrix construction module enables molecular self-assembly of borneol to form a porous nanoframework structure; An antibacterial active ingredient module includes an antibacterial material, wherein the antibacterial active ingredient module embeds the antibacterial material into the pores and surface of the porous nanoframework to form a composite framework structure; The drug loading and encapsulation module performs molecular fixation on the composite framework structure to form nanocomposite particles, wherein the molecular fixation adopts nanomolecular locking technology. A dual-channel delivery module performs dual-channel delivery processing on the nanocomposite particles and the borneol to form a dual-channel intermediate composite structure. The dual-channel delivery module regulates the release of the dual-channel intermediate composite structure to form a drug delivery system. The dual-channel delivery processing includes transdermal penetration channel processing and oral structure protection channel processing. The release regulation adopts an environmental response mechanism. The system application module releases the antibacterial material through the drug delivery system under transdermal and oral administration conditions.

2. The transdermal / orally oriented camphor nano-drug delivery antibacterial system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molecular self-assembly is performed using a solution evaporation self-assembly method, and the pore size range of the porous nanoframework is 20 nm–100 nm.

3. The transdermal / orally oriented camphor nano-drug delivery antibacterial system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antibacterial material comprises metal nanoparticles, natural antibacterial molecules, and small molecule antibiotics, and the embedding is performed using an ultrasonic dispersion-capillary action combination method.

4. The transdermal / orally oriented camphor nano-drug delivery antibacterial system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nanomolecule locking technology is a synergistic effect of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. The model formula for the nanomolecule locking technology is as follows: ， in, To lock the total energy, It is the energy of electrostatic interaction. The hydrogen bond interaction energy, For van der Waals action energy, For the weighting coefficients, satisfying .

5. The transdermal / orally oriented camphor nano-drug delivery antibacterial system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transdermal penetration channel treatment involves permeating the borneol through molecular surface modification, while the oral structural protection channel treatment involves structurally fixing the nanocomposite particles through polymer encapsulation.

6. The transdermal / orally oriented camphor nano-drug delivery antibacterial system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The permeation rate of the transdermal permeation channel treatment ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 mg·cm⁻¹. -2 ·h -1 The oral structure protection channel treatment maintains drug integrity of more than 80% under gastric acid conditions and releases more than 60% within 4 hours under intestinal conditions.

7. The transdermal / orally oriented camphor nano-drug delivery antibacterial system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental response mechanism employs a pH release response method, and the model formula for the pH release response method is as follows: ， in, For drug release rate, For release constant, For environmental pH levels, The initial response threshold is defined as 5.5–6.

0.

8. The transdermal / orally oriented camphor nano-drug delivery antibacterial system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The release is a diffusion-driven release, which is achieved by camphor molecules forming temporary channels in the stratum corneum of the skin.

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