Break blockage-wrecking ground drilling anchor, automatic locking and unlocking structure thereof, launching device and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of launching devices, in particular to a breach anti-blocking drilling ground anchor, an automatic locking and unlocking structure of the breach anti-blocking drilling ground anchor, a launching device and a system. When the earth-boring anchor is installed in the launching cylinder, the earth-boring anchor is pressed towards the cylinder bottom, the locking ball can be forcibly squeezed into the locking ball groove by means of the locking squeezing face, then the locking ball can be kept at the radial position in the locking ball groove in the radial direction by means of the locking keeping face, and therefore locking of the earth-boring anchor in the launching cylinder is achieved. During launching, the anchor body connecting seat is subjected to high-pressure impact towards the cylinder opening, the unlocking extrusion surface forcibly extrudes the locking ball to enable the locking ball to radially float and leave the locking ball groove, and therefore automatic unlocking of the ground drilling anchor is achieved. Therefore, on the basis of the automatic locking and unlocking structure, the ground drilling anchor can be locked in the launching cylinder in advance, when breach rush blocking needs to be conducted, the launching system is directly transported to a launching site for launching, and the ground drilling anchor is locked in the launching cylinder so that the launching requirement of downward launching can be met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of launching devices, in particular to a breach rescue and plugging earth anchor and an automatic locking and unlocking structure thereof, a launching device and a system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Flood disasters, especially those caused by river and reservoir breaches, pose a serious threat to the safety of people's property and lives. Therefore, a lot of research has been conducted on how to quickly and effectively rescue and plug breaches.

[0003] The Chinese patent application with the application publication number CN119021210A previously proposed by the applicant discloses an underwater plugging earth anchor, an underwater blocking method and a dam breach closure method, which provides a new idea for breach rescue and plugging, i.e., by launching an earth anchor to the breach and drilling the earth anchor into the stratum at the breach to achieve fixation, and then blocking the weight by means of the blocking section of the earth anchor, thereby achieving quick and effective rescue and plugging.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned launching devices are all launched vertically upward or obliquely upward to increase the launch height and range. However, for the breach rescue and plugging working condition, the launching device is generally close to the breach. In order to improve the drilling effect, there is a demand for launching the launching cylinder obliquely downward from the dam bank or vertically downward from above the breach, but the above-mentioned launching devices will cause the launching body to directly fall off at this launch angle, and the launching process cannot be achieved. Therefore, the launch angle of the existing launching device is limited. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide an automatic locking and unlocking structure of a breach rescue and plugging earth anchor to solve the problem of long time consumption and limited launch angle of the existing launching device under the breach rescue and plugging working condition.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is also to provide a breach rescue and plugging earth anchor to solve the same technical problem in cooperation with the launching device of the present application.

[0007] The purpose of the present application is also to provide a launching device which is used in cooperation with the above-mentioned breach rescue and plugging earth anchor to solve the problem of long time consumption and limited launch angle of the existing launching device under the breach rescue and plugging working condition.

[0008] The purpose of the present application is also to provide a launching system to solve the problem of long time consumption and limited launch angle of the existing launching system under the breach rescue and plugging working condition.

[0009] The automatic locking and unlocking structure of the breach-blocking drilling anchor of the present invention includes a fixing and locking component for fixing at the bottom of the launch tube and a follow-up locking component for installing at the tail end of the anchor body of the drilling anchor. The fixing and locking component includes a fixing and locking ring, and the ring wall of the fixing and locking ring is provided with a plurality of mounting holes in the circumferential direction. A locking ball that can float radially is installed in the mounting holes. The follow-up locking component includes an anchor body connecting seat. The side of the anchor body connecting seat facing the fixing and locking component has a locking groove for the fixing and locking ring to be inserted. One side of the groove wall of the locking groove is provided with a locking ball groove adapted to the locking ball. The other side of the groove wall is provided with a locking compression surface that forcibly squeezes the locking ball to float radially and enter the locking ball groove during the process of the fixing and locking ring entering the locking groove, and a locking retaining surface that blocks the locking ball in the locking ball groove after the locking ball enters the locking ball groove. The locking ball groove has an unlocking compression surface that forcibly squeezes the locking ball to float radially and exit the locking ball groove during launch.

[0010] Furthermore, in the axial direction of the fixed locking ring, the connection position between the locking pressing surface and the locking retaining surface is located at or near the center of the locking ball.

[0011] Furthermore, the locking extrusion surface is a conical surface, and the locking ball groove is an annular groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the locking ball groove is located on the radial outer groove wall of the locking groove, and the mounting hole is a tapered hole with a larger outer end and a smaller inner end. A floating component that elastically floats in its axial direction is installed inside the locking ring. The floating component includes a support spring and a floating stop ring that is pressed against the anchor body connecting seat by the support spring. The outer side of the end of the floating stop ring that presses against the anchor body connecting seat has an anti-disengagement stop surface that faces the locking extrusion surface, so as to replace the anchor body connecting seat in keeping the locking ball in the mounting hole during the process of the anchor body connecting seat being launched with the anchor body.

[0013] Furthermore, the end of the fixed locking ring facing away from the anchor body connecting seat is used to seal and connect the excitation unit that generates high-pressure launch gas, so as to guide the high-pressure gas to pressurize the anchor body connecting seat during ignition and launch. The outer peripheral surface of the floating stop ring and the inner wall surface of the locking ball groove slide and seal to form a push piston.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the fixing locking ring is a stepped inner cavity with a large diameter section on the side facing away from the anchor body connecting seat and a small diameter section on the side closer to the anchor body connecting seat. The mounting hole is opened on the small diameter section. The floating stop ring has a limiting outer flange at one end facing away from the anchor body connecting seat, which cooperates with the stepped surface of the stepped inner cavity for stopping. The floating stop ring slides and seals with the inner wall surface of the large diameter section through the limiting outer flange.

[0015] This invention provides a novel automatic locking and unlocking structure for a breach-blocking drilling anchor. Through the cooperation of a fixed locking component at the bottom of the launch tube and a follow-up locking component installed at the tail end of the anchor body, when the drilling anchor is inserted into the launch tube, pressure is applied to the anchor towards the bottom of the tube. The locking compression surface forces the locking ball into the locking ball groove. The locking retaining surface then keeps the locking ball radially positioned within the locking ball groove, thus locking the drilling anchor within the launch tube. During launch, the anchor body connecting seat is subjected to a high-pressure impact towards the tube opening. The unlocking compression surface forces the locking ball to float radially and leave the locking ball groove, thus automatically unlocking the drilling anchor. Therefore, based on this automatic locking and unlocking structure, the drilling anchor can be pre-locked in the launch tube. When breach-blocking is needed, the launch system can be directly transported to the launch site for launch, significantly shortening launch preparation time. Furthermore, the drilling anchor locked in the launch tube meets the requirements for downward launch, allowing for a wider range of launch angles.

[0016] The breach plugging drilling anchor of the present invention includes an anchor body and a follow-up locking component fixedly connected to the tail end of the anchor body. The follow-up locking component is used to cooperate with a fixed locking component fixedly installed at the bottom of the launch tube. The follow-up locking component includes an anchor body connecting seat. The side of the anchor body connecting seat facing the fixed locking component has a locking groove for the fixed locking ring of the fixed locking component to be inserted. One side of the groove wall of the locking groove is provided with a locking ball groove adapted to a radially floating locking ball installed on the fixed locking ring. The other side of the groove wall is provided with a locking compression surface that forcibly squeezes the locking ball radially to float and enter the locking ball groove during the process of the fixed locking ring entering the locking groove, and a locking retaining surface that blocks the locking ball in the locking ball groove after the locking ball enters the locking ball groove. The locking ball groove has an unlocking compression surface that forcibly squeezes the locking ball radially to float and exit the locking ball groove during launch.

[0017] Furthermore, along the length of the anchor body, the connection point between the locking compression surface and the locking retention surface is located at or near the center of the locking ball.

[0018] Furthermore, the locking extrusion surface is a conical surface, and the locking ball groove is an annular groove.

[0019] Furthermore, the anchor body and the follow-the-shot locking component are detachably connected.

[0020] This invention provides a novel breach-blocking drilling anchor, whose tail end has a follow-up locking component that cooperates with a fixed locking component fixedly installed at the bottom of the launch tube. When the drilling anchor is installed into the launch tube, pressure is applied to the bottom of the tube, and the locking extrusion surface forces the locking ball into the locking ball groove. Then, the locking retaining surface keeps the locking ball in a radial position within the locking ball groove, thus locking the drilling anchor inside the launch tube. During launch, the anchor body connecting seat is subjected to a high-pressure impact towards the tube opening, and the unlocking extrusion surface forcibly presses the locking ball, causing it to float radially and leave the locking ball groove, thus automatically unlocking the drilling anchor. Therefore, based on the automatic locking and unlocking structure, the drilling anchor can be locked in the launch tube in advance. When breach-blocking is needed, the launch system can be directly transported to the launch site for launch, greatly shortening the launch preparation time. Moreover, the drilling anchor locked in the launch tube can meet the launch requirements for downward launch, with a wider range of launch angles.

[0021] The launching device of the present invention includes a launching tube and an excitation unit installed at the bottom of the launching tube to generate high-pressure launching gas. The launching device also includes a fixing and locking component installed at the bottom of the tube. The fixing and locking component is located on the side of the excitation unit near the drilling anchor and is used to cooperate with a follow-up locking component installed at the tail end of the anchor body of the drilling anchor. The fixing and locking component includes a fixing and locking ring. The ring wall of the fixing and locking ring is provided with a plurality of mounting holes in the circumferential direction. A locking ball that can float radially is installed in the mounting holes. The fixing and locking ring is used to insert into the locking groove of the follow-up locking component. During the insertion process, the locking ball is forcibly squeezed by the locking compression surface on one side of the locking groove and floats radially into the locking ball groove on the other side of the locking groove. After entering the locking ball groove, it is blocked in the locking ball groove by the locking retaining surface. During the launching process, the locking ball is forcibly squeezed by the unlocking compression surface of the locking ball groove and floats radially out of the locking ball groove.

[0022] Furthermore, the mounting hole is a tapered hole with a larger outer end and a smaller inner end. A floating component that elastically floats in its axial direction is installed inside the locking ring. The floating component includes a support spring and a floating stop ring that is pressed against the anchor body connecting seat by the support spring. The outer side of the end of the floating stop ring that presses against the anchor body connecting seat has an anti-disengagement stop surface that faces the locking extrusion surface, so as to replace the anchor body connecting seat in keeping the locking ball in the mounting hole during the process of the anchor body connecting seat being launched with the anchor body.

[0023] Furthermore, the end of the fixed locking ring facing away from the anchor body connecting seat is sealed and connected to the excitation unit so as to guide high-pressure gas to pressurize the anchor body connecting seat during ignition and launch. The outer peripheral surface of the floating stop ring and the inner wall surface of the locking ball groove slide and seal to form a push piston.

[0024] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the fixing locking ring is a stepped inner cavity with a large diameter section on the side facing away from the anchor body connecting seat and a small diameter section on the side closer to the anchor body connecting seat. The mounting hole is opened on the small diameter section. The floating stop ring has a limiting outer flange at one end facing away from the anchor body connecting seat, which cooperates with the stepped surface of the stepped inner cavity for stopping. The floating stop ring slides and seals with the inner wall surface of the large diameter section through the limiting outer flange.

[0025] Furthermore, the bottom of the launch tube has a mounting hole, and the large-diameter section of the fixing and locking ring is sealed and inserted into the mounting hole, while the small-diameter section extends entirely into the launch tube. The bottom of the launch tube is fixedly connected to a bottom tube for installing the excitation unit through a bottom flange. The end of the fixing and locking ring is fixedly connected to the end face of the bottom tube through a sealing flange connection structure. The support spring is press-fitted between the end face of the bottom tube and the floating stop ring.

[0026] This invention improves upon existing launching devices by fixing a locking component at the bottom of the launching tube, which cooperates with a follow-up locking component installed at the tail end of the drilling anchor. When the drilling anchor is inserted into the launching tube, pressure is applied to the anchor against the bottom of the tube, and the locking compression surface forces the locking ball into the locking ball groove. The locking retaining surface then keeps the locking ball radially positioned within the locking ball groove, thus locking the drilling anchor within the launching tube. During launch, the anchor body connecting seat is subjected to a high-pressure impact towards the tube opening, causing the unlocking compression surface to forcefully compress the locking ball, making it float radially and leave the locking ball groove, thus automatically unlocking the drilling anchor. Therefore, based on this automatic locking and unlocking structure, the drilling anchor can be locked in the launching tube in advance. When a breach needs to be plugged, the launching system can be directly transported to the launch site for launch, greatly shortening the launch preparation time. Furthermore, the drilling anchor locked in the launching tube meets the requirements for downward launch, allowing for a wider range of launch angles.

[0027] The launching system of the present invention includes a launching base, on which a launching device is mounted. The launching device includes a launching tube and an excitation unit installed at the bottom of the launching tube to generate high-pressure launching gas. The launching tube is filled with a drilling anchor. The launching device also includes a fixing and locking component installed at the bottom of the tube. The drilling anchor includes an anchor body and a follow-up locking component fixedly connected to the tail end of the anchor body. The fixing and locking component includes a fixing and locking ring. The ring wall of the fixing and locking ring is provided with a plurality of mounting holes in the circumferential direction. A locking ball that can float radially is installed in the mounting holes. The follow-up locking component includes an anchor body connecting seat. The side of the anchor body connecting seat facing the fixing and locking component has a locking groove for the fixing and locking ring to be inserted. One side wall of the locking groove is provided with a locking ball groove adapted to the locking ball. The other side wall is provided with a locking compression surface that forcibly squeezes the locking ball to float radially and enter the locking ball groove during the process of the fixing and locking ring entering the locking groove, and a locking retaining surface that blocks the locking ball in the locking ball groove after the locking ball enters the locking ball groove. The locking ball groove has an unlocking compression surface that forcibly squeezes the locking ball to float radially and exit the locking ball groove during launch.

[0028] Furthermore, in the axial direction of the fixed locking ring, the connection position between the locking pressing surface and the locking retaining surface is located at or near the center of the locking ball.

[0029] Furthermore, the locking extrusion surface is a conical surface, and the locking ball groove is an annular groove.

[0030] Furthermore, the locking ball groove is located on the radial outer groove wall of the locking groove, and the mounting hole is a tapered hole with a larger outer end and a smaller inner end. A floating component that elastically floats in its axial direction is installed inside the locking ring. The floating component includes a support spring and a floating stop ring that is pressed against the anchor body connecting seat by the support spring. The outer side of the end of the floating stop ring that presses against the anchor body connecting seat has an anti-disengagement stop surface that faces the locking extrusion surface, so as to replace the anchor body connecting seat in keeping the locking ball in the mounting hole during the process of the anchor body connecting seat being launched with the anchor body.

[0031] Furthermore, the end of the fixed locking ring facing away from the anchor body connecting seat is used to seal and connect the excitation unit that generates high-pressure launch gas, so as to guide the high-pressure gas to pressurize the anchor body connecting seat during ignition and launch. The outer peripheral surface of the floating stop ring and the inner wall surface of the locking ball groove slide and seal to form a push piston.

[0032] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the fixing locking ring is a stepped inner cavity with a large diameter section on the side facing away from the anchor body connecting seat and a small diameter section on the side closer to the anchor body connecting seat. The mounting hole is opened on the small diameter section. The floating stop ring has a limiting outer flange at one end facing away from the anchor body connecting seat, which cooperates with the stepped surface of the stepped inner cavity for stopping. The floating stop ring slides and seals with the inner wall surface of the large diameter section through the limiting outer flange.

[0033] Furthermore, the anchor body and the follow-the-shot locking component are detachably connected.

[0034] Furthermore, the bottom of the launch tube has a mounting hole, and the large-diameter section of the fixing and locking ring is sealed and inserted into the mounting hole, while the small-diameter section extends entirely into the launch tube. The bottom of the launch tube is fixedly connected to a bottom tube for installing the excitation unit through a bottom flange. The end of the fixing and locking ring is fixedly connected to the end face of the bottom tube through a sealing flange connection structure. The support spring is press-fitted between the end face of the bottom tube and the floating stop ring.

[0035] Furthermore, the launching base includes a fixed base and a launching attitude adjustment mechanism mounted on the fixed base. The launching device is mounted on the launching attitude adjustment mechanism, which includes a pitch angle adjustment mechanism having an adjustment range for launching the launching tube downwards.

[0036] This invention improves upon existing launch systems, particularly optimizing the structure of the launch device to create a new launch method. The launch tube and the drilling anchor are connected by an automatic locking and unlocking structure, allowing the drilling anchor to be locked in the launch tube in advance. When a breach needs to be plugged, the launch system can be directly transported to the launch site for launch, greatly shortening the launch preparation time. Moreover, the drilling anchor being locked in the launch tube can meet the launch requirements for downward launch, resulting in a wider range of launch angles. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the launching system of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the launch device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the earth-penetrating anchor of the launching device as it is about to be launched from the launch tube. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the automatic locking and unlocking structure of the drilling anchor for plugging a breach; Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the locking mechanism and the tether locking mechanism in the locked state; Figure 6 A structural diagram of the fixing and locking component; Figure 7 A three-dimensional view of the fixed locking component; Figure 8 A 3D view of the tether locking mechanism; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional view of the follow-fire locking component.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Fixed base; 2. Rotary base; 3. Pitch base; 4. Launching device; 5. Pitch angle adjustment mechanism; 6. Horizontal azimuth adjustment mechanism; 7. Control box; 8. Rope; 40. Launch tube; 41. Base tube; 42. Automatic locking and unlocking structure; 43. Ground anchor; 44. Rope locking component; 420. Fixed locking ring; 4200. Mounting hole; 4201. Locking ball; 421. Anchor body connecting seat; 4211. Locking groove; 4212. Locking squeeze. 4213. Pressing surface; 4214. Unlocking pressing surface; 4215. Locking ball groove; 4216. Anchor body connection hole; 4217. Locking outer protrusion ring; 4218. Locking tongue; 4219. Locking pressing surface; 422. Support spring; 423. Floating stop ring; 4231. Limiting outer flange; 4232. Anti-disengagement stop surface; 440. Fastening groove; 441. Locking ring; 442. Locking ball; 443. Locking ball hole; 444. Locking slot. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates embodiments of the launch system of the present invention.

[0040] The specific structure of the launch system is as follows: Figures 1-9 As shown, it includes a launch base, which includes a fixed base 1 and a launch attitude adjustment mechanism mounted on the fixed base 1. The launch device 4 is mounted on the launch attitude adjustment mechanism so that the launch attitude can be adjusted by the launch attitude adjustment mechanism.

[0041] In some embodiments, the launch attitude adjustment mechanism is a pitch angle adjustment mechanism 5. The pitch angle adjustment mechanism 5 includes a fixed part that is fixedly installed on the fixed base 1 and a pitch part that is rotatably installed on the fixed part about a horizontal axis. The fixed part is equipped with a pitch drive mechanism for adjusting the pitch part. The launch device 4 is installed on the pitch part, thereby enabling the launch tilt angle to be adjusted.

[0042] In such Figure 1In the illustrated embodiment, the launch attitude adjustment mechanism includes a horizontal azimuth adjustment mechanism 6 and a pitch angle adjustment mechanism 5. The horizontal azimuth adjustment mechanism 6 is located at the upper end of the fixed base 1. The horizontal azimuth adjustment mechanism 6 includes a fixed disk fixedly connected to the fixed base 1 and a rotary disk rotatably mounted on the fixed disk about a vertical axis. A rotary drive mechanism for driving the rotary disk is configured on the fixed disk. A rotary seat 2 is mounted on the rotary disk, forming the fixed part of the pitch angle adjustment mechanism 5. A pitch seat 3 is rotatably mounted on the rotary seat 2 about a horizontal axis. A pitch drive mechanism for driving the pitch seat 3 to pitch is configured on the rotary seat 2. The launch device 4 is mounted on the pitch seat 3. A control box 7 is fixedly mounted on the rotary seat 2. The control unit inside the control box 7 is connected to the pitch drive mechanism and the rotary drive mechanism, and controls the pitch and swivel angles. Both the pitch drive mechanism and the swivel drive mechanism can be electro-hydraulic driven mechanisms, thereby reducing the application of hydraulic systems, hydraulic stations, and other equipment, and improving emergency response capabilities.

[0043] As shown in the diagram, the rotary seat 2 is a U-shaped seat with its opening facing upwards. The horizontal bottom wall of the U-shaped seat is fixedly connected to the rotary disk. An elevation seat 3 is installed between the two side walls of the U-shaped seat, and the extension direction of the rotation axis of the elevation seat 3 is consistent with the parallel direction of the two side walls of the U-shaped seat. The elevation seat 3 is a square column shape and is rotatably installed on the two side walls of the U-shaped seat. The elevation seat 3 has multiple launch compartments extending along its length, and each launch compartment is equipped with a launch device 4. The launch compartments are arranged in an array, which can be two rows and two columns, two rows and three columns, three rows and three columns, three rows and four columns, etc., depending on specific needs. Each launch tube 40 (including the drilling anchor 43) can be combined on-site into a matrix to complete the launch of the drilling anchor 43 and the assembly of the anchor array as needed. Of course, it is not ruled out that only two or one implementation methods are used.

[0044] Launching device 4, for example Figures 2-7 As shown, the device includes a launch tube 40, with a base tube 41 installed at the bottom. The base tube 41 contains an excitation unit for generating high-pressure launch gas to eject the drilling anchor 43 during launch. The excitation unit can be a primer or a high-pressure gas source. The primer can be the existing primer of the launch device 4, and the high-pressure gas source can be a carbon fiber high-pressure gas cylinder with a high-speed valve at the cylinder opening. The drilling anchor 43 is filled inside the launch tube 40. The drilling anchor 43 includes an anchor body and a follow-up locking component fixedly connected to the tail end of the anchor body. At the bottom of the launch tube 40, on the side of the bottom tube 41 facing the opening of the launch tube 40, there is a fixed locking component of the automatic locking and unlocking structure 42. The fixed locking component is used to cooperate with the follow-up locking component installed at the tail end of the anchor body of the drilling anchor 43. After the drilling anchor 43 is installed in the launch tube 40, it can lock the drilling anchor 43 in the launch tube 40. When the excitation unit is started and the drilling anchor 43 is subjected to the firing thrust, the fixed locking component and the follow-up locking component can automatically unlock and disengage, ensuring that the drilling anchor 43 is fired at high speed.

[0045] Specifically, the fixing and locking component includes a fixing and locking ring 420, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 4 and 6 As shown, the device includes a main ring body with a certain axial length, forming a ring shape. One end of the main ring body has an outer flange, and a sealing ring is installed on the end face of the outer flange through a sealing ring groove. The fixing and locking ring 420 is fixedly connected to the end face of the bottom cylinder 41 through the outer flange and is sealed to the end face of the bottom cylinder 41. The end of the bottom cylinder 41 facing the launching tube 40 has a bottom flange extending radially outward. The bottom cylinder 41 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the launching tube 40 through the bottom flange. The end face of the bottom flange protrudes from the end face of the bottom cylinder 41, and the protrusion height is sufficient to position the outer flange of the fixing and locking ring 420 between the bottom of the launching tube 40 and the bottom cylinder 41.

[0046] The inner cavity of the main ring is a stepped cavity, with the side facing away from the nozzle of the launch tube 40 being the large-diameter section and the side closer to the nozzle being the small-diameter section. The bottom of the launch tube 40 has a mounting hole, into which the main ring is inserted, and the outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter section is sealed to the inner wall of the mounting hole. In one embodiment, a sealing ring groove is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the large-diameter section, and a sealing ring is installed in the sealing ring groove to achieve a seal between the large-diameter section and the mounting hole.

[0047] The small-diameter section is entirely located on the side of the launch tube 40 facing away from the bottom tube 41, and is entirely suspended within the bottom of the launch tube 40. A radially penetrating mounting hole 4200 is provided on the annular wall of the small-diameter section, and a locking ball 4201 is installed in the mounting hole 4200. The mounting hole 4200 is a tapered hole with a larger inner opening and a smaller outer opening, and the outer opening is smaller than the diameter of the locking ball 4201. The locking ball 4201 is inserted from the inside and can protrude from the outside of the annular wall, but will not come out of the mounting hole 4200 from the outside.

[0048] A floating assembly that elastically floats axially is installed inside the fixed locking ring 420. Specifically, the floating assembly includes a floating stop ring 423 that is axially guided and slidably installed within the inner cavity of the main ring. The floating stop ring 423 can enter and exit the inner cavity of the small-diameter section. A limiting outer flange 4231 is provided at the end of the floating stop ring 423 facing the bottom cylinder 41, which can engage with the stepped surface of the stepped inner cavity. The floating assembly also includes a support spring 422, i.e., a compression spring, that axially supports the floating stop ring 423. One end of the support spring 422 presses against the end face of the bottom cylinder 41, and the other end presses against the floating stop ring 423, pressing the floating stop ring 423 to its extreme position opposite to the bottom cylinder 41, i.e., the position where the limiting outer flange 4231 engages with the stepped surface. Figure 6As shown, the outer peripheral surface of the portion of the floating stop ring 423 that extends into the small diameter section can stop the locking ball 4201 in the radial direction. This portion of the outer peripheral surface forms an anti-disengagement stop surface 4232, which can prevent the locking ball 4201 from disengaging from the mounting hole 4200 on the radially inner side of the small diameter section.

[0049] The floating stop ring 423 has an inwardly turned edge at one end facing the launch tube 40. The support spring 422 is located in the inner cavity of the floating stop ring 423 and presses against the inwardly turned edge. This reduces the axial and radial dimensions, making the whole structure more compact.

[0050] Follow-up locking components such as Figure 4 , 5 As shown in Figure 7, the device includes an anchor body connecting seat 421. The side of the anchor body connecting seat 421 facing the cylinder opening has a locking ball groove 4215 for fixed connection with the connecting post at the tail end of the anchor body. The connection between the two can be a threaded connection, an interference fit, or spot welding. The radial dimension of the anchor body connecting seat 421 is equal to that of the anchor body of the drilling anchor 43, thus providing support for the tail end of the entire anchor body. A locking groove 4211 is provided on the end face of the anchor body connecting seat 421 facing away from the cylinder opening of the launching cylinder 40. The locking groove 4211 is an annular groove used for inserting a small-diameter section of a fixing locking ring 420. The outer wall of the locking groove 4211 is provided with a locking ball groove 4214, and the inner wall of the locking groove 4211 has a tapered surface with a reduced diameter on the side facing the fixed locking ring 420. This tapered surface constitutes a locking pressing surface 4212. The side of the tapered surface facing away from the fixed locking ring 420 has a cylindrical surface, which can limit the radial inward floating of the locking ball 4201, thus forming a locking retaining surface. The anti-disengagement stopping surface 4232 on the floating stop ring 423 includes a tapered section at its end facing the anchor body connecting seat 421. The small-diameter end of this tapered section faces the anchor body connecting seat 421 and is opposite to the locking pressing surface 4212 on the anchor body connecting seat 421. The locking pressing surface 4212 also constitutes a guide surface when the anchor body connecting seat 421 and the fixed locking ring 420 are inserted.

[0051] When the drilling anchor 43 is inserted into the nozzle of the launching tube 40, pressure is applied to the bottom of the tube to the drilling anchor 43. This causes the portion inserted into the small-diameter section of the inner cavity (i.e., the cylindrical portion within the inner wall of the locking groove 4211) to push back the floating stop ring 423. The conical surfaces of the locking compression surface 4212 and the anti-detachment stop surface 4232 form a radial clearance ring groove. The depth of this radial clearance ring groove is less than the diameter of the locking ball 4201. The retraction of the anti-detachment stop surface 4232 provides the locking ball 4201 with space for radial inward floating. After the locking ball 4201 floats radially inward, it will not interfere with the outer groove wall of the locking groove 4211. The small diameter section of the fixed locking ring 420 can continue to be inserted into the locking groove 4211. During the continued insertion, the locking pressing surface 4212 gradually forces the locking ball 4201 radially outward until the locking ball 4201 is radially squeezed into the locking ball groove 4214. The locking retaining surface blocks the locking ball 4201 in the locking ball groove 4214, thereby realizing the locking between the fixed locking ring 420 and the follow-up locking ring.

[0052] The inclined groove wall of the locking ball groove 4214 facing the cylinder opening is the unlocking compression surface 4213. When launched, the unlocking compression surface 4213 forcibly squeezes the locking ball 4201 to float radially and exit the locking ball groove 4214. When the firing unit is activated, high-pressure gas instantly enters the inner cavity of the fixed locking ring 420. On the one hand, the high-pressure gas directly provides a pushing force to the anchor body connecting seat 421 through the inner cavity of the floating stop ring 423. On the other hand, due to the sliding seal between the outer peripheral surface of the floating stop ring 423 and the inner wall surface of the locking ball groove 4214 to form a pushing piston, the high-pressure gas pushes the floating stop ring 423. The floating stop ring 423 pushes the anchor body connecting seat 421 through its end face. At this time, the anchor body connecting seat 421 is subjected to great force. While the unlocking extrusion surface 4213 extrudes the locking ball 4201 radially inward, the anchor body connecting seat 421 moves toward the opening of the firing tube 40. The locking holding surface moves axially away and releases the radial holding of the locking ball 4201. The locking ball 4201 moves radially inward and exits from the locking ball groove 4214, thus realizing the unlocking between the fixed locking component and the follow-up locking component.

[0053] As can be seen from the above analysis, the locking ball 4201 is forced to float radially outward under the pressure of the locking compression surface 4212 and to float radially inward under the pressure of the unlocking compression surface 4213 and to exit the locking ball groove 4214. This is a process of forced installation and forced disassembly. During this process, the locking ball 4201 will undergo slight deformation.

[0054] To prevent jamming or serious damage to the locking ball 4201 during the forced installation and disassembly process, the connection position between the locking pressing surface 4212 and the locking retaining surface in the axial direction of the fixing locking ring 420 is located at or near the center of the locking ball 4201. This ensures that the steel ball is immediately blocked by the locking retaining surface after being forcibly squeezed into the locking ball groove 4214, and a slight movement of the anchor body connecting seat 421 can move the locking retaining surface away, thus releasing the blockage of the locking ball 4201.

[0055] When both the locking ring 420 and the anchor body connecting seat 421 are provided with a guide anti-rotation insertion structure to prevent relative rotation between them (for example, one has an anti-rotation protrusion and the other has an anti-rotation groove), that is, when the drilling anchor 43 can only be inserted into the launch tube 40 at a certain circumferential angle, the locking ball groove 4214 is an independent groove corresponding to each locking ball 4201; when the locking ring 420 and the anchor body connecting seat 421 can rotate freely in the circumferential direction, that is, when the drilling anchor 43 can be inserted into the launch tube 40 at any circumferential angle, the locking ball groove 4214 is an annular groove. The cross-sectional shape of the locking ball groove 4214 can be V-shaped, trapezoidal, or arc-shaped, or it can be a flared groove with inclined groove walls on both sides and an arc-shaped groove bottom. Regardless of the contour shape, the inclined groove wall facing the opening of the launch tube 40 needs to be able to form the unlocking compression surface 4213.

[0056] As can be seen from the above description, the launch tube 40 and the drilling anchor 43 of the launch device 4 of the present invention are connected by an automatic locking and unlocking structure 42, which can lock the drilling anchor 43 in the launch tube 40 in advance. When it is necessary to block the breach, the launch system can be directly transported to the launch site for launch, which greatly shortens the launch preparation time. Moreover, the drilling anchor 43 being locked in the launch tube 40 can meet the launch requirements of downward launch, and the launch angle range is wider.

[0057] In addition, a locking outer protruding ring 4217 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the anchor body connecting seat 421. The outer peripheral surface of the locking outer protruding ring 4217 is fitted with a small gap to the inner wall surface of the launching tube 40. After the high-pressure launching gas pushes the drilling anchor 43 outward and causes the follow-up locking component to disengage from the fixed locking component, there will be no rapid pressure relief between the locking outer protruding ring and the inner wall surface of the launching tube 40, ensuring that the high-pressure launching gas can effectively act on the drilling anchor 43 to provide it with kinetic energy.

[0058] Similar to existing interception methods, the drilling anchor 43 requires a connecting rope 8 to establish a sliding cableway with the ground when launched. In this invention, to minimize interference from the rope 8 to the drilling anchor 43 during launch, a tethering locking component 44 is installed at the opening of the launch tube 40. The tethering locking component 44 includes a tethering ring with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the anchor body, allowing the anchor body to pass through during launch. The inner diameter of the tethering ring is smaller than the outer diameter of the locking outer protrusion ring. As the drilling anchor 43 is about to exit the tube opening, the locking outer protrusion ring strikes the tethering ring, disrupting the connection between the tethering ring and the tube opening, and carrying the tethering ring along with it. A rope 8 is connected to the tethering ring at a position outside the launch tube 40, allowing the rope 8 to be launched with the drilling anchor 43. The rope 8 is coiled into a coil, allowing it to be pulled out systematically as the drilling anchor 43 launches with the rope 8. One end of the rope 8 is fixed to a stud.

[0059] like Figure 5 , 8 As shown, the inner end face of the tethering ring is provided with a fastening groove 440. The tethering ring is fastened to the end of the cylinder opening through the fastening groove 440. The two can be fixed by interference fit. Alternatively, in one embodiment, the tethering ring is fastened to the end of the cylinder opening through the fastening groove 440. At the same time, pin holes are correspondingly opened on the end face of the cylinder opening and on the ring body of the tethering ring. The tethering ring is fixed at the cylinder opening by a connecting pin that passes through the tethering ring and is inserted into the pin hole on the end face of the cylinder opening.

[0060] To ensure a seal at the nozzle opening, a sealing cap is installed on the outer end face of the tether ring. The sealing cap and the tether ring can also be connected by a connecting pin. That is, the sealing cap also has a corresponding pin hole, and the connecting pin passes through the sealing cap and the tether ring and is inserted into the pin hole on the nozzle end face. The sealing cap can be a fracturing cap, which is broken when the drilling anchor 43 is fired from the launching tube 40.

[0061] Since the launching angle of the launching device 4 can be an elevation angle, the drilling anchor 43 is driven into the bottom ground of the breach with a parabolic launching trajectory. In order to ensure that the tether ring will not accidentally fall off the front end of the anchor body during the carrying process, there is a locking fit structure between the tether ring and the locking outer protruding ring. When the locking outer protruding ring hits the tether ring, the two lock together.

[0062] The locking method between the outer convex ring and the tether ring can be similar to the steel ball locking structure between the fixed locking component and the follow-up locking component. For example... Figure 4 , 5In the embodiments shown in 8 and 9, the drilling anchor 43 is inserted into the launching tube 40 at a defined circumferential orientation and will not rotate around its own axis within the launching tube 40 after insertion. A locking tongue 4218 extending towards the tube opening is provided at the edge of the locking outer protrusion ring. An insertion gap is formed between the locking tongue 4218 and the outer circumferential surface of the anchor body connecting seat 421 on the side of the locking outer protrusion ring near the tube opening. A locking groove 4216 is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the anchor body connecting seat 421 on the side of the locking outer protrusion ring near the tube opening. A locking pressing surface 4219 is provided at the end of the inner side of the locking tongue 4218 facing the tube opening. The locking groove 4216 is an annular groove, which facilitates processing.

[0063] A locking ring 441 extends from the inner edge of the tether ring towards the bottom of the cylinder. On the outer circumferential surface of the locking ring 441, at a position corresponding to the locking tongue 4218, a locking slot 444 is provided for the locking tongue 4218 to be inserted. The bottom of the locking slot 444 has a radially penetrating locking ball hole 443. A locking ball 442 is radially floating inside the locking ball hole 443. The outer port of the locking ball hole 443 is large, and the inner port is small. The diameter of the inner port is smaller than the diameter of the locking ball 442. The locking ball 442 can be inserted from the outer port of the locking ball hole 443 and protrude from the inner port. A retaining ring is installed at the outer port of the locking ball hole 443 to prevent the locking ball 442 from dislodging from the outer port. The inner diameter of the retaining ring is smaller than the diameter of the locking ball 442 but allows the locking ball 442 to float radially outward until it is completely submerged at the edge of the inner port.

[0064] The width of the locking tongue 4218 is smaller than the width of the locking slot 444 to ensure that the locking tongue 4218 can be reliably inserted. When the drilling anchor 43 is launched to the nozzle, the locking tongue 4218 on the locking outer protrusion ring 4217 is inserted into the locking slot 444. The locking pressing surface 4219 on the tongue forces the locking ball 442 radially inward and into the locking groove 4216. The cylindrical surface of the locking pressing surface 4219 facing away from the tether ring forms a limiting stop surface to stop the locking ball 442 in the radially outward direction, thereby keeping the locking ball 442 in the locking groove 4216 and ensuring reliable locking between the anchor body connecting seat 421 and the tether ring. The end face of the locking tongue 4218 is flush with the end face of the anchor body connecting seat 421 on the same side. The groove edge of the locking groove 4216 facing the cylinder opening is a sliding ramp, which facilitates the locking ball 442 to smoothly roll over the sliding ramp and be forcibly squeezed into the locking groove 4216 when the anchor body connecting seat 421 moves at high speed toward the rope ring.

[0065] Thus, during the process of the drilling anchor 43 being launched from the bottom of the launch tube 40, it will not be affected or interfered with by the rope 8, has a high launch speed, increases the range, and can be reliably locked to the rope 8 by the rope locking component 44 when it leaves the tube, thus carrying the rope 8 to the predetermined target point and reliably establishing a sliding cableway between the launch and the ground.

[0066] In the launching system of this invention, the fixed base 1, launching attitude adjustment mechanism, launching device 4, excitation unit, and control box 7 are all modularly designed, facilitating transportation and on-site assembly, and improving product preparation efficiency. When a large breach is discovered, the launching system is transported to the breach embankment for assembly and fixation. The pre-packaged launching device 4 and launching attitude adjustment mechanism, with the pre-installed drilling anchor 43, are installed on the fixed base 1. The rope 8 is connected to the ground stakes, and the power supply is connected, awaiting the launch command. During launch, the excitation unit instantly provides high-pressure launching gas. The high-pressure launching gas establishes high pressure in the inner cavity of the fixing locking ring 420, pushing the anchor body connecting seat 421 towards the cylinder opening, unlocking the drilling anchor 43. Then, the high-pressure launching gas establishes high pressure in the space between the anchor body connecting seat 421 and the bottom of the cylinder, propelling the drilling anchor 43 out at high speed. When the drilling anchor 43 passes the cylinder opening, the rope 8 is pulled out by the rope locking component 44. The launching system of this invention realizes continuous actions of installing, locking, unlocking, and launching the drilling anchor 43, improving launching efficiency.

[0067] The above describes different embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. In one embodiment, multiple locking tongues can be replaced by a single locking ring, in which case there is a gap between the outer side of the locking ring and the inner wall of the launching tube to allow the locking ring to enter. In one embodiment, the support spring can directly press against the end face of the floating stop ring facing away from the anchor body connecting seat. In one embodiment, the floating stop ring and the fixed locking ring are in a guided sliding fit but not sealed, and the high-pressure launching gas acts directly on the anchor body connecting seat. In one embodiment, the inner cavity of the fixed locking ring is a through cavity with a constant inner diameter, and an annular groove is opened on the inner cavity wall and a retaining ring is installed, which limits the floating stop ring. In one embodiment, the fixed locking ring can be fixedly connected to the bottom of the tube through its flange structure.

[0068] The specific implementation of the launching device of the present invention is as follows: its specific structure is the same as that of the launching device in the launching system described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0069] The specific implementation of the automatic locking and unlocking structure of the breach plugging drilling anchor of the present invention is as follows: its specific structure is the same as the automatic locking and unlocking structure in the launching system described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0070] The specific implementation of the drilling anchor of the present invention is as follows: its specific structure is the same as the drilling anchor structure in the launch system described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of patent protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims. Similarly, any equivalent structural changes made based on the description and drawings of the present invention shall also be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic locking and unlocking structure for drilling anchors used for plugging breaches, characterized in that: The device includes a fixing and locking component for fixing at the bottom of the launch tube and a follow-up locking component for mounting at the tail end of the anchor body of the drilling anchor. The fixing and locking component includes a fixing and locking ring with several mounting holes in the circumferential direction on the ring wall. A locking ball capable of radial floating is installed in the mounting holes. The follow-up locking component includes an anchor body connecting seat. The anchor body connecting seat has a locking groove on the side facing the fixing and locking component for the fixing and locking ring to insert into. One side wall of the locking groove has a locking ball groove adapted to the locking ball. The other side wall has a locking compression surface that forcibly squeezes the locking ball radially to float and enter the locking ball groove during the process of the fixing and locking ring entering the locking groove, and a locking retaining surface that blocks the locking ball in the locking ball groove after the locking ball enters the locking ball groove. The locking ball groove has an unlocking compression surface that forcibly squeezes the locking ball radially to float and exit the locking ball groove during launch.

2. The automatic locking and unlocking structure of the breach-blocking drilling anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the axial direction of the fixed locking ring, the connection position between the locking pressing surface and the locking retaining surface is at or near the center of the locking ball.

3. The automatic locking and unlocking structure of the breach-blocking drilling anchor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The locking extrusion surface is a conical surface, and the locking ball groove is an annular groove.

4. The automatic locking and unlocking structure of the breach plugging drilling anchor according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The locking ball groove is located on the radial outer groove wall of the locking groove. The mounting hole is a tapered hole with a larger outer end and a smaller inner end. A floating component that elastically floats in its axial direction is installed inside the locking ring. The floating component includes a support spring and a floating stop ring that is pressed against the anchor body connecting seat by the support spring. The outer side of the end of the floating stop ring that presses against the anchor body connecting seat has an anti-disengagement stop surface that faces the locking extrusion surface, so as to replace the anchor body connecting seat in keeping the locking ball in the mounting hole during the process of the anchor body connecting seat being launched with the anchor body.

5. The automatic locking and unlocking structure of the breach-blocking drilling anchor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the fixed locking ring facing away from the anchor body connecting seat is used to seal and connect the excitation unit that generates high-pressure launch gas, so as to guide the high-pressure gas to pressurize the anchor body connecting seat during ignition and launch. The outer peripheral surface of the floating stop ring and the inner wall surface of the locking ball groove slide and seal to form a push piston.

6. The automatic locking and unlocking structure of the breach-blocking drilling anchor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the fixed locking ring is a stepped inner cavity with a large diameter section on the side facing away from the anchor body connection seat and a small diameter section on the side closer to the anchor body connection seat. The mounting hole is opened on the small diameter section. The floating stop ring has a limiting outer flange at one end facing away from the anchor body connection seat, which is matched with the stepped surface of the stepped inner cavity for stopping. The floating stop ring slides and seals with the inner wall surface of the large diameter section through the limiting outer flange.

7. The method of using drilling anchors to plug breaches is characterized by: The device includes an anchor body and a follow-up locking component fixedly connected to the tail end of the anchor body. The follow-up locking component is used to cooperate with a fixed locking component fixedly installed at the bottom of the launch tube. The follow-up locking component includes an anchor body connecting seat. The side of the anchor body connecting seat facing the fixed locking component has a locking groove for the fixed locking ring of the fixed locking component to be inserted. One side of the groove wall of the locking groove is provided with a locking ball groove that is adapted to a radially floating locking ball installed on the fixed locking ring. The other side of the groove wall is provided with a locking compression surface that forcibly squeezes the locking ball to float radially and enter the locking ball groove during the process of the fixed locking ring entering the locking groove, and a locking retaining surface that blocks the locking ball in the locking ball groove after the locking ball enters the locking ball groove. The locking ball groove has an unlocking compression surface that forcibly squeezes the locking ball to float radially and exit the locking ball groove during launch.

8. The breach-blocking drilling anchor according to claim 7, characterized in that, in Along the length of the anchor body, the connection point between the locking compression surface and the locking retention surface is located at or near the center of the locking ball.

9. The breach-blocking drilling anchor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The locking extrusion surface is a conical surface, and the locking ball groove is an annular groove.

10. The breach-blocking drilling anchor according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, The anchor body and the follow-the-shot locking component are detachably connected.

11. A launching device, comprising a launching tube and an excitation unit installed at the bottom of the launching tube to generate high-pressure launching gas, characterized in that, The launching device also includes a fixing and locking component installed at the bottom of the tube. The fixing and locking component is located on the side of the excitation unit near the drilling anchor and is used to cooperate with the follow-up locking component installed at the tail end of the anchor body of the drilling anchor. The fixing and locking component includes a fixing and locking ring. The ring wall of the fixing and locking ring is provided with several mounting holes in the circumferential direction. A locking ball that can float radially is installed in the mounting holes. The fixing and locking ring is used to insert into the locking groove of the follow-up locking component. During the insertion process, the locking ball is forcibly squeezed by the locking compression surface on one side of the locking groove and floats radially into the locking ball groove on the other side of the locking groove. After entering the locking ball groove, it is blocked in the locking ball groove by the locking retaining surface. During the launch process, the locking ball is forcibly squeezed by the unlocking compression surface of the locking ball groove and floats radially out of the locking ball groove.

12. The launching device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The mounting hole is a tapered hole with a larger outer end and a smaller inner end. A floating component that floats elastically in its axial direction is installed inside the locking ring. The floating component includes a support spring and a floating stop ring that is pressed against the anchor body connecting seat by the support spring. The outer side of the end of the floating stop ring that presses against the anchor body connecting seat has an anti-disengagement stop surface that faces the locking extrusion surface, so as to replace the anchor body connecting seat in keeping the locking ball in the mounting hole during the process of the anchor body connecting seat being launched with the anchor body.

13. The launching device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The end of the fixed locking ring facing away from the anchor body connection seat is sealed and connected to the excitation unit so as to guide high-pressure gas to pressurize the anchor body connection seat during ignition and launch. The outer peripheral surface of the floating stop ring and the inner wall surface of the locking ball groove slide and seal to form a push piston.

14. The launching device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The inner cavity of the fixed locking ring is a stepped inner cavity with a large diameter section on the side facing away from the anchor body connection seat and a small diameter section on the side closer to the anchor body connection seat. The mounting hole is opened on the small diameter section. The floating stop ring has a limiting outer flange at one end facing away from the anchor body connection seat, which is matched with the stepped surface of the stepped inner cavity for stopping. The floating stop ring slides and seals with the inner wall surface of the large diameter section through the limiting outer flange.

15. The launching device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The bottom of the launch tube has a mounting hole. The large-diameter section of the fixing and locking ring is sealed and inserted into the mounting hole, while the small-diameter section extends entirely into the launch tube. The bottom of the launch tube is fixedly connected to a bottom tube for installing the excitation unit via a bottom flange. The end of the fixing and locking ring is fixedly connected to the end face of the bottom tube via a sealing flange connection structure. The support spring is press-fitted between the end face of the bottom tube and the floating stop ring.

16. A launching system, comprising a launching base on which a launching device is mounted, characterized in that, The launching device is the launching device according to any one of claims 11-15, and the launching tube of the launching device is filled with a drilling anchor, which is the breach plugging drilling anchor according to any one of claims 7-10.

17. The launching system according to claim 16, characterized in that, The launching base includes a fixed base and a launching attitude adjustment mechanism mounted on the fixed base. The launching device is mounted on the launching attitude adjustment mechanism, which includes a pitch angle adjustment mechanism with an adjustment range that allows the launching tube to launch downwards.

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