Ground radiation heating system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of heating building materials, and discloses a ground radiation heating system which comprises a physical heat insulation layer, a radiation heat preservation and insulation layer, a heating film layer, a heat conduction preheating layer and a heat conduction floor layer from bottom to top, the physical heat insulation layer at least comprises a heat insulation base plate and a reflecting film from bottom to top, and the radiation heat preservation and insulation layer comprises a heat radiation material. The heating film layer is made of a conductive material, so that the problem of low heating efficiency of a ground heating system can be solved; the heat loss rate is high and the energy consumption is large; the user experience is poor, and the safety is low.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of heating building materials, for example to a ground radiation heating system. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a key facility connecting the terminal building and the aircraft, the environmental quality of the boarding bridge directly affects the comfort of passengers, the boarding efficiency and the operation safety of staff. The boarding bridge has the characteristics of long span, semi-open space, short stay of personnel and large fluctuation of load, and special requirements such as rapid response, comfort, heat preservation and energy saving are put forward for the heating of this temporary space. It is an important technical challenge in the operation and maintenance of modern airport facilities to provide an efficient, reliable and comfortable heating solution for the boarding bridge.

[0003] The existing main heating forms include four types of "heating pipe + single insulation layer", "heater + pipe", "electric heater" and "air conditioner". Each of these four types of technology has its own shortcomings when applied to the boarding bridge.

[0004] The traditional "heating pipe + single insulation layer" system relies on buried heating pipes for heating, and is matched with single rock wool or XPS board insulation. The core defects are: first, the heat insulation method is single, only relying on physical insulation layer to block heat loss, the heat preservation efficiency is low, the heat is easily conducted to the ground in winter, and the energy loss is more than 30%; second, the heat conduction path is unstable, and uneven laying distance of the heating pipe easily leads to a ground temperature difference of more than ±3℃, resulting in "local overheating and local cooling"; third, the structure is thick and heavy, and a 5-8CM concrete cushion is needed to fix the heating pipe, with a surface density of more than 50kg / m 2 , which greatly increases the building load, and the cushion cracking easily leads to damage of the heating pipe, with high maintenance cost. At the same time, the heating speed is slow, and it usually takes 4-6 hours to heat up.

[0005] The "heater + pipe" system takes wall-mounted heaters and pipe-delivered hot water / steam as the core, and has three major problems: first, the heat distribution is uneven, the temperature around the heater is high (more than 26℃), and the temperature in the remote area is low (only about 16℃), the "near heat and far cooling" phenomenon is significant, and it is not suitable for large space; second, it occupies space resources, the heater needs to occupy the wall area (0.2-0.5 m 2 ), affecting the indoor decoration layout, and the exposed pipe is easy to accumulate dust and corrode; third, the heating response is slow, the hot water / steam needs to be delivered through the pipe, and it takes 1-2 hours from starting to reaching the room temperature standard, and the pipe heat loss rate is 15%-20%, with high energy consumption.

[0006] The "electric heater" includes oil heater type and air heater type, and its essence is "local point heating". The defects are concentrated in: first, the heating range is limited, and a single electric heater can only cover 10-15m 2First, the small space and large area space need to use multiple superimposed, high cost and easy to form temperature dead angle; second, the heat loss is fast, no special heat preservation design, heat is diffused through air convection, easy to lose to the outside or non-heating area, the electric heating conversion efficiency is only 80%-85%; third, the use experience is poor, the air heater running noise is large (more than 50 decibels), the oil heater type surface temperature is high (up to 80 DEG C), there is a risk of scalding, and long-term use can easily cause air dryness.

[0007] The "air conditioner" type relies on the air conditioner compressor to heat in reverse cycle, and the core short board is: first, the low temperature adaptability is poor, when the outdoor temperature is lower than-5 DEG C, the compressor is easy to appear "frost protection", the heating efficiency is reduced by more than 50%, and it cannot be used stably in the northern cold region; second, the heat distribution is uneven, the temperature near the air outlet of the air conditioner is high, the temperature of the remote area is low, and the hot air is concentrated in the upper part of the indoor, "the head is hot and the feet are cold", which does not meet the human heating demand; third, the energy consumption and noise problem, the winter air conditioner heating energy consumption is 1.5-2 times of the summer refrigeration, and the outdoor unit running noise is large (more than 60 decibels), which affects the surrounding environment.

[0008] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background section is only used to strengthen the understanding of the background of the present application, and therefore can include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0009] In order to have a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments, the following is a simple summary. The summary is not a general review, nor is it intended to determine the key / important components or to delineate the protection scope of these embodiments, but as a prelude to the detailed description below.

[0010] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a ground radiation heating system, which can solve the problems of slow heating efficiency, high heat loss rate, high energy consumption, poor user experience and low safety of the ground heating system.

[0011] In some embodiments, the ground radiation heating system includes a physical insulation layer from bottom to top, a radiation insulation layer, a heating film layer, a heat conduction preheating layer and a heat conduction floor layer, the physical insulation layer at least includes a heat insulation substrate and a reflective film from bottom to top, the radiation insulation layer includes a heat radiation material, and the heating film layer includes a conductive material. Through the double insulation mechanism of the physical insulation layer and the radiation insulation layer, the heat loss rate is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, the user's use experience is improved, and the safety is good.

[0012] The ground radiant heating system provided in this embodiment comprises a radiant thermal insulation layer attached to a physical insulation layer, a heating film layer attached to the radiant thermal insulation layer, a heat-conducting preheating layer attached to the heating film layer, and a heat-conducting floor layer attached to the heat-conducting preheating layer. The heating film layer is made of conductive material and generates heat when energized. The physical insulation layer is located at the bottom, serving as physical insulation and heat reflection, reducing heat transfer to objects below. The radiant thermal insulation layer, utilizing the characteristics of thermal radiation, works in conjunction with the physical insulation layer to reduce absorbed heat and maximize upward heat conduction. The heat-conducting preheating layer is located between the heating film layer and the heat-conducting floor layer, promoting heat conduction to the heat-conducting floor layer, which further conducts heat, rapidly heating the air above. Therefore, the ground radiant heating system has a low heat loss rate, good thermal conductivity, and can quickly bring the surface and ambient temperature to a suitable level, reducing energy consumption. It also has high load-bearing capacity with a relatively small thickness, improving user experience and providing high safety.

[0013] The above general description and the description below are exemplary and illustrative only and are not intended to limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0014] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations and drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are shown as similar elements. The drawings are not to be scaled. And wherein: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a ground radiant heating system according to Embodiment 1 of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To provide a more detailed understanding of the features and technical content of the embodiments of this disclosure, the implementation of the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this disclosure. In the following technical description, for ease of explanation, several details are used to provide a full understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, one or more embodiments may still be implemented without these details. In other cases, well-known structures, steps, and apparatus may be simplified to simplify the illustrations.

[0016] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate for the embodiments of this disclosure described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0017] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The term "multiple" means two or more. In embodiments of this disclosure, the character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following objects. For example, A / B means: A or B. The term "and / or" describes an association between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B means: A or B, or, A and B.

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0019] Those skilled in the art will understand that in the methods described in this application and other parts thereof, for example, in the methods of various embodiments, examples, or claims, the order in which the steps are written does not imply a strict execution order and does not constitute any limitation on the implementation process. The detailed execution order of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic. Unless otherwise specified, all steps of this application may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, if the method includes steps A and B, it means that the method may include steps A and B performed sequentially, or it may include steps B and A performed sequentially. For example, if the method may also include step C, it means that step C can be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps A, B, and C, or it may include steps A, C, and B, or it may include steps C, A, and B, etc.

[0020] In this application, open-ended technical features or solutions described using terms such as "containing," "including," or "comprising" do not exclude additional members beyond those listed unless otherwise specified. They can be considered as providing both closed-ended features or solutions comprised of the listed members and open-ended features or solutions that include additional members beyond the listed members. For example, if A includes a1, a2, and a3, it may also include other members or exclude additional members unless otherwise specified. This can be considered as providing both the feature or solution that "A consists of a1, a2, and a3" and the feature or solution that "A includes not only a1, a2, and a3, but also other members."

[0021] The "range" disclosed in this application can be defined in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, which define the boundaries of the specific range. Ranges defined in this way can include or exclude endpoints. Any endpoint can be independently included or excluded, and they can be arbitrarily combined; that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 2000–10000 rpm and 3000–10000 rpm are listed for a specific parameter, it is also expected that ranges of 2000–10000 rpm and 3000–10000 rpm are also included. Furthermore, if minimum range values ​​1 and 2 are listed, and if maximum range values ​​3, 4, and 5 are also listed, then the following ranges are all expected: 1–3, 1–4, 1–5, 2–3, 2–4, and 2–5. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "a~b" represents a shortened representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0~5" means that all real numbers between "0~5" have been listed in this document, and "0~5" is simply a shortened representation of these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥2, it is equivalent to listing the parameter as, for example, integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc. For instance, when a parameter is expressed as an integer selected from "2~10", it is equivalent to listing integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise specified, A (e.g., B) means that B is a non-limiting example of A, and it is understood that A is not limited to B.

[0023] This disclosure provides a ground radiant heating system. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the ground radiant heating system includes, from bottom to top, a physical insulation layer 1, a radiant heat insulation layer 2, a heating film layer 3, a heat-conducting preheating layer 4, and a heat-conducting floor layer 5. The physical insulation layer 1 includes at least, from bottom to top, an insulation substrate and a reflective film. The radiant heat insulation layer 2 includes a heat radiation material, and the heating film layer 3 includes a conductive material.

[0024] The physical insulation layer serves to physically insulate and reflect heat, reducing heat loss. The radiant insulation layer utilizes the principle of thermal radiation, absorbing heat and dissipating it. With the assistance of the physical insulation layer, both the physical and radiant insulation layers absorb even less heat and transfer less downwards. Together, they block heat loss, while the heating film layer efficiently releases heat. The heat-conducting preheating layer and the heat-conducting floor layer quickly and evenly conduct heat to the surface, increasing the room temperature. The heat-conducting preheating layer and the heat-conducting floor layer also provide load-bearing capacity, enhancing durability. Therefore, the radiant floor heating system disclosed herein has a low heat loss rate, excellent thermal conductivity, and shortens heating time.

[0025] The conductive material in the heating film layer can generate heat evenly after electricity is applied. The heat-conducting preheating layer and the heat-conducting floor layer conduct heat evenly, which can solve the problems of local overheating and local cooling.

[0026] The physical insulation layer, radiant insulation layer, heating film layer, heat-conducting preheating layer, and heat-conducting floor layer form a comprehensive solution covering "insulation-heat generation-heat conduction-load-protection", completely breaking through the technical bottlenecks of traditional heating systems and can be widely adapted to diverse scenarios such as residential, commercial spaces, and public buildings.

[0027] Optionally, the physical insulation layer, radiant insulation layer, heating film layer, heat-conducting preheating layer, and heat-conducting floor layer can be quickly installed and disassembled on-site using dry connection technology (such as snap-fit ​​or modular splicing), avoiding the complex construction of traditional wet underfloor heating.

[0028] Optionally, the heat insulation substrate includes extruded polystyrene (e.g., pure polystyrene XPS), thermoplastic board, thermosetting board, and / or composite board, and the reflective film includes aluminum film or copper film. The heat insulation substrate of the physical insulation layer provides good thermal insulation through physical isolation; the reflective film reflects heat. After the heating film layer generates heat, most of the downward-conducted heat is reflected upward by the physical insulation layer, improving the thermal insulation effect. The physical insulation layer constructs a "temperature protection barrier," effectively blocking heat even in extremely cold outdoor temperatures, preventing interference with internal heating efficiency.

[0029] Optionally, the physical insulation layer also includes an insulating layer, which is attached to the reflective film. The insulating layer ensures the insulation effect of the entire heating system.

[0030] Alternatively, the insulation layer material may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate, polyimide, cross-linked polyethylene, silicone rubber, fluoroplastics, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride and / or epoxy resin, etc.

[0031] Optionally, the physical insulation layer also includes an anti-oxidation coating, which is adhered to the insulation layer. Optionally, the anti-oxidation coating can be made of ceramic compounds (e.g., silicon nitride), metal oxides (e.g., alumina, zirconium oxide), polymer materials (e.g., polynitrosilane). The anti-oxidation coating improves the rust prevention effect of the reflective film and extends its service life.

[0032] Optionally, the heat-radiating material in the radiant thermal insulation layer is an alkaline earth metal composite salt. Optionally, the alkaline earth metal composite salt may include calcium magnesium carbonate double salt, calcium strontium sulfate double salt, or barium calcium phosphate double salt.

[0033] Optionally, the radiant thermal insulation layer may also include a base thermal insulation coating, which may include polyurethane coating, acrylic coating and / or silicate coating.

[0034] In this disclosure, a physical insulation layer and a radiant insulation layer are located beneath the heating film layer, forming a double protective layer that jointly blocks heat loss. Compared to using a single insulation substrate, the heat loss rate is reduced by more than 40%. It is suitable for different climates, maintaining efficient operation of the internal heating system through the synergy of the physical insulation layer and the radiant insulation layer in frigid environments such as -60℃ (e.g., northern winter residences) or hot and humid rainy seasons in the south. This solves the problems of slow heating and rapid heat loss in traditional heating systems, reducing energy costs. It also shows good application results in scenarios with high insulation requirements, such as boarding bridges and public spaces.

[0035] Optionally, the mass fraction of alkaline earth metal composite salt in the radiant thermal insulation layer is 5-12%. Coatings with an appropriate amount of alkaline earth metal composite salt exhibit thermal radiation effects, primarily radiating energy in the 8-14 μm wavelength band within a specific ambient temperature range (-60℃~70℃), reducing heat flux density and heat transfer, with an equivalent thermal resistance ≥0.88 (m). 2 • K) / W, external coating equivalent thermal resistance ≥0.78 (m) 2 ·K) thermal insulation coating.

[0036] Optionally, the conductive material includes a single conductive material, a composite conductive material, a metal heating element, or a printed conductive ink. The single conductive material includes carbon nanotube conductive materials, and the composite conductive material is obtained by coating the single conductive material with a semiconductor ceramic material.

[0037] Optionally, carbon nanomaterials can include graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoribbons, carbon nanowires, graphite, and / or conductive carbon black. These single-conductive materials exhibit excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and provide uniform heating. They also feature instant heating upon energization, far-infrared radiation heat transfer, and flexibility, making them suitable for large-area installations.

[0038] The composite conductive material combines the excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance of carbon nanotube conductive materials with the resistivity of permeable ceramic (PTC) materials, which increases with temperature. This gives the radiant floor heating system a temperature self-limiting function, improving safety. Compared to hydronic and resistance wire heating, the self-limiting temperature control of the composite conductive material provides rapid heating, achieving up to 5 seconds of heating upon energization. Compared to the cumulative heat issues of other radiant floor heating films, the composite conductive material disclosed here can meet the requirements of intermittent and high-efficiency applications, making it highly adaptable to scenarios such as airport jet bridges.

[0039] The electrothermal conversion efficiency of single conductive materials and composite conductive materials is ≥99%.

[0040] Optionally, the metal heating element may include a metal wire mesh or a metal etched foil. An ultra-thin resistance heating mesh is fabricated using a precision etching process and embedded in an insulating substrate. It offers stable heating and a long lifespan. However, compared to single-conductive and composite conductive materials, metal heating elements are heavier, lack self-regulating capabilities, and are prone to localized overheating.

[0041] Alternatively, the printed conductive ink can be screen-printed using silver paste or carbon paste. For example, it can be obtained by printing on a PET substrate. Printed conductive inks have poor long-term stability, weak oxidation resistance, and limited power density.

[0042] Optionally, the preparation method of the composite conductive material includes: mixing a dispersion of a single conductive material and a dispersion of a semiconductor ceramic additive, removing the solvent, and calcining to obtain semiconductor ceramic-coated particles of the single conductive material, which is the composite conductive material. The PTC material coating on the surface of the carbon nanotube conductive material increases the PTC effect through point or surface contact between the carbon material particles. Simultaneously, the heating film prepared by dispersion and coating results in more uniform dispersion and more stable performance of the PTC-coated carbon material.

[0043] Optionally, the mass fraction of the semiconductor ceramic additive in the heating film layer can be 5-12%.

[0044] Optionally, the single conductive material accounts for 40-50% by mass in the composite conductive material, and the semiconductor ceramic additive accounts for 50-60% by mass.

[0045] PTC material coated onto carbon nanotube conductive material results in coated particles with good self-limiting temperature characteristics, solving the pain points of slow response and high safety risks of traditional electrothermal materials.

[0046] Optionally, the calcination temperature is 200-600℃, and the calcination time is 0.5-5h. Optionally, the calcination temperature is 300-500℃, and the calcination time is 1-3h.

[0047] Optionally, the solvent removal method can be one or a combination of vacuum distillation, spray drying, and vacuum drying.

[0048] Optionally, the solvents for the dispersion of the single conductive material and the dispersion of the semiconductor ceramic additive can be deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, butyl acetate, and toluene, respectively.

[0049] Optionally, the mass fraction of the single conductive material in the dispersion of the single conductive material can be 40%-45%.

[0050] Optionally, the mass fraction of the semiconductor ceramic additive in the dispersion can be 55%-60%.

[0051] Optionally, the heating film layer is obtained by curing a slurry containing conductive material into a film, wherein the slurry includes a single conductive material or a composite conductive material, a resin, a solvent, a dispersant and / or a coupling agent.

[0052] Optionally, the resin can be epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, or silicone resin; optionally, the solvent can be anhydrous ethanol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, or ethyl acetate; the dispersant can be sodium polycarboxylate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, or polyethylene glycol; and the coupling agent can be a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, or an aluminate coupling agent.

[0053] Optionally, the heat-conducting preheating layer can be made of calcium silicate, magnesium oxide board, gypsum board, fiber cement board, etc. Calcium silicate board offers superior thermal conductivity, stable performance, convenient construction, and high cost-effectiveness, outperforming other alternative materials such as magnesium oxide board, gypsum board, and fiber cement board. As a "heat-conducting hub," the heat-generating film layer connects the heat-conducting floor layer, ensuring efficient heat transfer while also bearing structural load, adapting to the strength requirements of different spaces.

[0054] The heat-conducting preheating layer has high thermal conductivity to ensure uniform heat diffusion, ultimately controlling the surface temperature uniformity error within ±1℃. This avoids the problem of "local overheating and local coldness" in traditional systems, making it suitable for scenarios with high requirements for temperature uniformity, such as offices and conference rooms.

[0055] The calcium silicate board has a moisture expansion rate of only 0.10% (standard requirement ≤0.25%), exhibiting minimal dimensional change in humid environments. Its excellent practicality and durability, coupled with its stable dimensions in damp conditions, prevent warping and deformation, making it suitable for humid environments. It boasts a flexural strength of 9.5 MPa (R2 grade ≥8.5 MPa), with a minimum of 7.9 MPa per piece (≥4.9 MPa), demonstrating good bending resistance, high load-bearing capacity, and resistance to breakage during installation and use. Its impact strength is 2.1 kJ / m². 2 (C3 level ≥1.8kJ / m) 2It can withstand external impacts, reducing collision damage. It also boasts excellent heat conduction efficiency, a lightweight design that reduces the load on the bridge's steel structure, and moisture-proof and anti-aging properties. It meets the standard requirement of ≥8.5MPa, with a minimum single-piece strength of 7.9MPa (standard requirement ≥4.9MPa). It exhibits excellent bending resistance, is not easily broken during installation and use, and has strong load-bearing capacity. Its impact resistance is 2.1kJ / m². 2 (C3 standard requires ≥1.8kJ / m) 2 This reduces damage caused by everyday walking and collisions. The thermally conductive preheating layer offers good practicality and durability.

[0056] Alternatively, the material of the heat-conducting floor layer can be stone-crystal flooring, wood flooring, engineered wood flooring, cork flooring, LVT flooring, stone-plastic flooring, or wood-plastic flooring. Stone-crystal flooring has higher thermal conductivity, is heat-resistant and stable, not easily deformed, and is waterproof, moisture-proof, environmentally friendly, and formaldehyde-free. It also offers a good feel underfoot and adaptability, and its overall performance is superior to that of alternative flooring materials such as engineered wood flooring, engineered wood flooring, cork flooring, LVT flooring, stone-plastic flooring, and wood-plastic flooring.

[0057] The heat-conducting preheating layer is located between the heating film layer and the heat-conducting floor layer. The heating film layer generates heat, and the heat-conducting preheating layer guides the heat to the heat-conducting floor layer. The high thermal conductivity of the stone crystal floor further accelerates heat release, enhances the heating experience, and meets the needs of spaces sensitive to heating response speed. The double insulation below the heating film layer and the double heat conduction above the heating film layer achieve a synergistic effect of "high-efficiency heating and low-consumption insulation".

[0058] The stone-crystalline flooring layer exhibits excellent resistance to deformation. Tested according to EN ISO 24343-1:2012, the residual indentation is only 0.01mm. After 24 hours of pretreatment at 23±2℃ and 50±5%RH and 150 minutes of pressure at 500N, it shows excellent recovery. Its anti-slip performance reaches R9 level according to DIN 51130:2012, with an average critical angle of 9.4°, ensuring safety in wet and slippery environments. Its scratch resistance is rated as level 3 according to ANSI NEMAL D3-2005, with >90% clearly visible continuous double-ring scratches, and the surface is not easily marked by daily wear. Its fire resistance reaches Bfl-S1 level, with a critical heat flux ≥11kW / m². 2 The lightfastness is comparable to the sixth-grade standard for blue wool, and it is not prone to fading even after prolonged exposure to sunlight. Regarding environmental protection, according to relevant standards, no RoHS-controlled elements, flame retardants, or phthalates were detected; the content of substances of very high concern (SVHC) is ≤0.1% (w / w); formaldehyde release was not detected (detection limit 0.01ppm), and there is no risk of harmful substance release.

[0059] The thermal conductive layer and the floor layer form a "stable load-bearing and safe protection" combination: the high flexural strength (9.5MPa) of the calcium silicate board is combined with the deformation resistance, anti-slip and fire resistance of the stone crystal floor, which not only ensures structural stability, but also can cope with the use intensity of public areas, passages, corridors and other densely populated areas.

[0060] Optionally, the thickness of the physical insulation layer is 1-3 cm. Optionally, the thickness of the physical insulation layer is 1.5-2.5 cm.

[0061] Optionally, the thickness of the radiant thermal insulation layer is 0.2-0.5 mm. Optionally, the thickness of the radiant thermal insulation layer is 0.3-0.4 mm.

[0062] Optionally, the thickness of the heating film layer is 0.3-0.8 mm. Optionally, the thickness of the heating film layer is 0.4-0.6 mm.

[0063] Optionally, the thickness of the thermally conductive preheating layer is 0.5-1.5 cm. Optionally, the thickness of the thermally conductive preheating layer is 0.7-1 cm.

[0064] Optionally, the thickness of the thermally conductive floor layer is 1-1.5 cm. Optionally, the thickness of the thermally conductive floor layer is 1.2-1.3 cm.

[0065] In terms of load performance, the structure adopts a lightweight design: the total thickness is in the range of 3-8 cm, and the overall surface density is less than 20 kg / m³. 2 Compared to the traditional "heating tube + concrete pad" structure (with a surface density typically ≥50kg / m³), 2 This design significantly reduces the structural load on buildings, resulting in a weight reduction of over 60%. The low self-weight and high stability of the heat-conducting preheating layer (with a moisture expansion rate of only 0.10%) and the heat-conducting floor layer make them suitable for humid environments while avoiding the additional burden on the building's load-bearing capacity imposed by traditional heavy structures. This makes them particularly suitable for scenarios such as adding heating systems, eliminating the need to reinforce the main building structure, reducing renovation costs, and extending the building's lifespan. It breaks through the traditional dilemma of balancing lightweight design, efficient heat conduction, and long-term durability in heating structures.

[0066] Optionally, sensors can be installed in the radiant floor heating system. This allows for real-time monitoring of the temperature distribution throughout the system, enabling rapid identification of potential faults and facilitating precise heating and efficient management.

[0067] The radiant floor heating system disclosed herein can be used for floor heating of building structures. Building structures can include residential buildings, public buildings, etc. It has good application effects for some special building structures, such as airport boarding bridges, as it can heat up quickly and provide a good user experience.

[0068] Example 1 A ground radiant heating system includes, from bottom to top, a 2cm thick physical insulation layer, a 0.3mm thick radiant thermal insulation layer, a 0.5mm thick heating film layer, a 1cm thick heat-conducting preheating layer, and a 1.2cm thick heat-conducting floor layer. The physical insulation layer comprises, from bottom to top, an extruded polystyrene board, an aluminum film layer, a polyethylene terephthalate layer, and an antioxidant coating. The radiant thermal insulation layer is obtained by curing a polyurethane coating with added alkaline earth metal composite salts, wherein the alkaline earth metal composite salts are calcium magnesium carbonate complex salts, and the amount of alkaline earth metal composite salts added in the radiant thermal insulation layer is 7%. The heating film layer is obtained by curing a slurry composed of semiconductor ceramic material coated with single conductive material particles, epoxy resin, solvent, dispersant, and coupling agent. The heat-conducting preheating layer is a calcium silicate board. The heat-conducting floor layer is a crystalline silicate floor.

[0069] Methods for preparing semiconductor ceramic material coated with single conductive material particles include: Carbon nanotube dispersion and PTC additive dispersion were uniformly mixed to form a mixed solution. The solvent in the mixed solution was removed to obtain PTC-coated carbon nanotube particles. The composite conductive material contained 45% by mass of single conductive material and 55% by mass of semiconductor ceramic additive. PTC-coated carbon nanotube particles were calcined at 400-450℃ for 2 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain a composite material of PTC-coated carbon nanotubes.

[0070] The stone crystal flooring has a scratch resistance rating of level 3 and a light fastness rating of level 6, meeting the wool standard. All materials are free of RoHS-controlled substances and formaldehyde was not detected. This ensures that the flooring is not easily damaged or faded over long-term use, while avoiding the environmental hazards of traditional materials, thus achieving a balance between durability and health.

[0071] Comparative Example 1 Compared to Example 1, the physical insulation layer consists only of extruded polystyrene board with a thickness of 2 cm.

[0072] Comparative Example 2 Compared to Example 1, the radiant thermal insulation layer is only a polyurethane coating and does not contain any alkaline earth metal composite salts.

[0073] Comparative Example 3 Compared to Example 1, the thermally conductive preheating layer is a magnesium oxide board.

[0074] Comparative Example 4 Compared to Example 1, the thermally conductive floor layer is made of oak wood.

[0075] Comparative Example 5 Compared to Example 1, the heat-conducting preheating layer is removed, and the ground radiant heating system only includes a 2cm thick physical insulation layer, a 0.3mm thick radiant heat insulation layer, a 0.5mm thick heating film layer, and a 1.2cm thick heat-conducting floor layer from bottom to top.

[0076] Comparative Example 6 Compared to Example 1, the radiant thermal insulation layer is removed.

[0077] Example 2 Compared to Example 1, the heating film layer is composed of carbon nanotubes, a single conductive material.

[0078] Example 3 Unlike Example 1, the composite conductive material contains 60% by mass of single conductive material and 40% by mass of semiconductor ceramic additive.

[0079] Comparative Example 7 Compared to Example 1, the amount of alkaline earth metal composite salt added to the radiant thermal insulation layer is 3%.

[0080] Example 4 Compared to Example 1, the heating film layer consists only of metal mesh.

[0081] The ground radiant heating systems of different embodiments and comparative examples were tested, and the test methods included: First, the heating time test method involves testing the surface temperature of different embodiments and comparative examples. Second, the heat loss rate test method involves placing the sample on an insulated base in a standard environmental chamber. After the system is stably heated to an average surface temperature of 40°C, the total heat generated by the heating film layer and the downward heat dissipation of the physical insulation layer are measured using a calorimeter. The heat loss rate is calculated, and the average of three measurements is taken. Third, the electrothermal conversion rate test method involves recording the input electrical power of the system during stable operation using an analyzer, measuring the total heat dissipation power per unit time on the surface using an infrared heat flow meter, and calculating the conversion rate. Fourth, the maximum load test method involves laying the sample on a horizontal surface and gradually loading it with a heavy object, measuring three times and taking the minimum value. Fifth, the temperature resistance rating test method involves real-time monitoring of the structural stability of the heating film layer and the heat-conducting floor layer (no cracking, bulging, melting), recording the highest temperature at which the sample maintains structural integrity as the temperature resistance rating.

[0082] Table 1. Test results of ground radiant heating systems in different embodiments and comparative examples.

[0083] In Table 1, the heating time is the time from the start of heating until the surface temperature reaches 40°C, and the surface temperature difference is the temperature difference between the surface and the air above the surface.

[0084] As shown in Table 1, the 2cm thick physical insulation layer, 0.3mm thick radiant insulation layer, 0.5mm thick heating film layer, 1cm thick heat-conducting preheating layer, and 1.2cm thick heat-conducting floor layer work together. The heat-conducting preheating layer conducts heat radiantly, and the heat-conducting floor layer further accelerates heat release, improving the thermal conductivity of the floor radiant heating system. The physical insulation layer and the radiant insulation layer form a dual insulation mechanism, resulting in low heat loss. Therefore, the floor radiant heating system of Example 1 can bring the surface of the floor radiant heating system to the target temperature in a short time.

[0085] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 1 removed the aluminum film layer, polyethylene terephthalate layer, and antioxidant coating from the physical insulation layer, which reduced the heat reflection effect of the physical insulation layer and the insulation effect of the physical insulation layer, resulting in an increased heat loss rate of the heating system and a longer heating time.

[0086] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 2 did not add alkaline earth metal composite salts to the radiant thermal insulation layer, resulting in poor radiant thermal insulation performance, increased heat loss rate, and prolonged heating time.

[0087] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 3 used a magnesium oxide board instead of a calcium silicate board in the heat-conducting preheating layer. The heat conduction effect was worse than that of the calcium silicate board, which meant that the heat generated by the heating film layer could not be quickly transferred to the heat-conducting floor layer, thus prolonging the heating time and increasing the surface temperature difference.

[0088] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 4 used a wooden board instead of a stone crystal board for the heat-conducting floor layer, which reduced the heat conduction effect of the heat-conducting floor layer and prolonged the heating time.

[0089] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 5 removed the heat-conducting preheating layer. Although the heat loss rate was low, the heating time was longer and the heat conduction effect was poor. The combined heat conduction effect of the heat-conducting preheating layer and the heat-conducting floor layer was better than the heat conduction effect of the heat-conducting floor layer alone.

[0090] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 6 removed the radiative heat insulation layer below the heating film layer. Although it has a certain heat insulation effect, some of the heat is still absorbed by the physical heat insulation layer, resulting in a longer heating time and a higher heat loss rate.

[0091] Compared to Example 1, Comparative Example 7 reduced the amount of alkaline earth metal composite salt added to the radiant thermal insulation layer. Test results showed that adjusting the amount of alkaline earth metal composite salt reduced the radiant thermal insulation effect of the radiant thermal insulation layer.

[0092] In Example 2, the heating film layer consists only of carbon nanotubes. Although the heating time in Example 2 is similar to that in Example 1, Example 2 does not have self-limiting temperature characteristics, which causes the heated surface to overheat and the surface temperature difference to be large.

[0093] In Example 3, the mass ratio of single conductive material and semiconductor ceramic additive was adjusted. It was found that the amount of PTC additive added affected the self-limiting temperature capability of the ground radiant heating system, resulting in a higher surface temperature and a slight impact on the rapid heating performance.

[0094] In Example 4, the heating film layer has a low electrothermal conversion rate, uneven heating, and a long heating time.

[0095] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0096] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A ground radiant heating system, characterized in that, The membrane structure of the ground radiant heating system includes, from bottom to top, a physical insulation layer, a radiant heat insulation layer, a heating membrane layer, a heat-conducting preheating layer, and a heat-conducting floor layer. The physical insulation layer includes at least, from bottom to top, an insulation substrate and a reflective film. The radiant heat insulation layer includes heat radiation materials, and the heating membrane layer includes conductive materials.

2. The ground radiant heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation substrate of the composite insulation layer includes extruded polystyrene board, thermoplastic board, thermosetting board, or composite board; and / or, The reflective film includes aluminum film or copper film.

3. The ground radiant heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat radiation material in the radiant insulation layer is an alkaline earth metal composite salt. Preferably, the mass fraction of alkaline earth metal composite salt in the thermal insulation coating is 5-12%.

4. The ground radiant heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiant thermal insulation layer also includes a base thermal insulation coating, which includes polyurethane coating, acrylic coating and / or silicate coating.

5. The ground radiant heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Conductive materials include single conductive materials, composite conductive materials, metal heating elements, or printed conductive inks. Single conductive materials include graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoribbons, carbon nanowires, graphite, and / or conductive carbon black. Composite conductive materials are obtained by coating single conductive materials with semiconductor ceramic materials.

6. The ground radiant heating system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preparation method of composite conductive material includes: mixing a dispersion of single conductive material and a dispersion of semiconductor ceramic additive, removing the solvent, and calcining to obtain particles of single conductive material coated with semiconductor ceramic, which are the composite conductive material.

7. The ground radiant heating system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heating film is obtained by curing a slurry containing a single conductive material or a composite conductive material. The slurry includes a single conductive material or a composite conductive material, a resin, a solvent, a dispersant, and / or a coupling agent.

8. The ground radiant heating system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The heat-conducting preheating layer is made of calcium silicate board, magnesium oxide board, gypsum board or fiber cement board.

9. The ground radiant heating system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The material of the heat-conducting floor layer can be stone crystal flooring, wood flooring, engineered wood flooring, cork flooring, LVT flooring, stone-plastic flooring, or wood-plastic flooring.

10. The ground radiant heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the physical insulation layer is 1-3 cm; and / or, The thickness of the radiant thermal insulation layer is 0.2-0.5 mm; and / or, The thickness of the heating film layer is 0.3-0.8 mm; and / or, The thickness of the thermally conductive preheating layer is 0.7-1.5 cm; and / or, The thickness of the thermally conductive floor layer is 1-1.5cm.

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