Speed reducer conveying shaft internal spline machining equipment and machining process thereof
By adapting the spline shaft to the shape of the workpiece body, and combining a three-jaw clamping and adjustment mechanism, the problem of difficult coaxiality adjustment of the spline inside the reducer conveyor shaft is solved, achieving high-precision coaxiality control and equipment convenience.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, the machining method of the center hole of the spline inside the reducer conveyor shaft is prone to accumulating errors, and the coaxiality measurement is troublesome and adjustment is difficult.
The design adopts a spline shaft that is adapted to the shape of the workpiece body. Combined with a three-jaw gripper, internal support mechanism, detection mechanism and adjustment mechanism, it can achieve precise positioning and coaxiality adjustment of the workpiece body. Real-time detection and adjustment are achieved through pressure sensor and telescopic motor.
It improves the coaxiality accuracy of the workpiece body during the machining process, reduces error accumulation, extends the service life of the spline shaft, and increases the convenience and functionality of the equipment.
Smart Images
Figure CN121733288A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of spline machining technology, specifically to a spline machining equipment and machining process for the inner spline of a reducer conveyor shaft. Background Technology
[0002] With the advancement of the times and the development of the automotive industry, new energy vehicles have excellent energy-saving and emission-reduction effects. As a key component of pure electric vehicles, the reducer's input shaft spline plays a crucial role in centering and bearing the torque and power transmitted by the motor shaft. This part is characterized by high dimensional accuracy, strict form and position tolerances, hardness, easy deformation, and difficulty in machining. To address these characteristics, a feasible machining process route and method were developed based on the analysis and research of the part's drawings. The high-precision machining process of the internal spline is the most challenging aspect of this part's machining.
[0003] Using the center hole as a reference is a common practice in machining high-precision shaft parts. The core idea is to first machine high-precision center holes at both ends of the shaft, and then, except for the spline, use these two center holes as a unified positioning reference for the entire machining process. However, the coaxiality of the workpiece machined in this way is affected by many factors, such as the accuracy of the center hole itself, the machine tool accuracy and operator skill when precision turning the reference end face, and the manufacturing accuracy and wear condition of the broaching machine fixture. Due to the many influencing factors, errors are easily accumulated, resulting in insufficient coaxiality accuracy. In addition, while existing methods for positioning, clamping, and measuring coaxiality of shafts are simple, fine adjustment of coaxiality is difficult and requires repeated measurements and calibrations. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a spline machining equipment and machining process for the inner spline of a reducer conveyor shaft, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as the easy accumulation of errors in the existing center hole machining method and the troublesome measurement and adjustment of coaxiality.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a spline machining equipment for a reducer conveyor shaft and its machining process, comprising a machine tool body, a three-jaw chuck on the machine tool body, a workpiece body on the three-jaw chuck, a spline shaft on the three-jaw chuck, the length of the spline shaft being greater than the length of the workpiece body, the shape of the spline shaft being adapted to the shape of the inner side of the workpiece body, and the spline shaft being inserted into the workpiece body; An internal support mechanism is provided, comprising a limiting rod and a first internal support block. Three sets of limiting rods are movably inserted into the spline shaft, and a first internal support block is installed on each limiting rod. The shape of the first internal support block is adapted to the shape of the inner side of the workpiece body. The detection mechanism includes a synchronization ring and pressure sensors. The synchronization ring is movably inserted into the splined shaft, and three sets of pressure sensors are arrayed on the synchronization ring. The adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment box and a telescopic motor. The adjustment box is located at the right end of the spline shaft. Three sets of telescopic motors are fixedly installed inside the adjustment box. The limiting rod is installed on the output shaft of the telescopic motor.
[0006] Preferably, the internal support mechanism further includes a limiting groove, a receiving ring groove, a first movable groove, a fixed block, a first hinge rod, and a movable block. Three sets of limiting grooves are formed inside the spline shaft. The limiting rod is movably inserted into the limiting groove. A receiving ring groove is formed in the middle section of the spline shaft. Three sets of first movable grooves are arrayed on the right side of the receiving ring groove. A fixed block is fixedly installed at the right end of the three sets of limiting rods. A first hinge rod is rotatably installed on the fixed block. The first hinge rod is rotatably installed on the lower side of the movable block. A first internal support block is fixedly installed on the movable block. The movable block fits against the edge of the first movable groove.
[0007] Preferably, the inner support mechanism further includes a second movable groove and a second inner support block. The right side of the receiving ring groove is provided with a second movable groove. Another set of fixing blocks is fixedly installed on the right side of each limiting rod. Another set of first hinge rods is rotatably installed on each fixing block. The first hinge rods are rotatably installed on the lower side of the other set of movable blocks. A second inner support block is fixedly installed on the upper side of each movable block. The movable block is movably inserted into the second movable groove. The shape of the second inner support block is adapted to the inner side of the workpiece body. The upper right edge of the first inner support block is rounded.
[0008] Preferably, the internal support mechanism further includes a first sliding groove and an arc-shaped sliding block. Three sets of first sliding grooves are provided at the left end of the spline shaft. An arc-shaped sliding block is slidably installed in the first sliding groove. The arc-shaped sliding block is fixedly installed at the left end of the limiting rod. The shape of the outer side of the limiting rod is adapted to the shape of the outer side of the left end of the spline shaft. The length of the first sliding groove is less than the clamping range of the clamping claws on the three-jaw clamping plate.
[0009] Preferably, the detection mechanism further includes a third movable groove, a positioning post, a floating block, and a first return spring. The left end of the spline shaft is arrayed with six sets of third movable grooves, and every three sets of the third movable grooves are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the first slide groove. A positioning post is fixedly installed in each of the third movable grooves. A floating block is movably sleeved on the positioning post. The floating block is movably inserted into the third movable groove. A first return spring is provided in the floating block. The lower side of the first return spring abuts against the upper end of the positioning post. The outer side of the floating block is adapted to the outer shape of the left side of the spline shaft.
[0010] Preferably, the detection mechanism further includes a fourth movable groove and a connecting plate. The fourth movable groove is provided at the third movable groove on the right side. A connecting plate is fixedly installed on the lower side of the floating block on the right side. A pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the connecting plate. The pressure sensor moves on the upper side of the fourth movable groove.
[0011] Preferably, the detection mechanism further includes a guide post, a guide hole, a second reset spring, and a second hinge rod. The guide post is fixedly installed in an array on the inner side of the fourth movable slot. The synchronization ring is movably inserted into the fourth movable slot. The synchronization ring has an array of guide holes. The guide post is inserted into the guide hole. The second reset spring is sleeved on the right side of the guide post. The left end of the second reset spring abuts against the right side of the synchronization ring. Three sets of second hinge rods are rotatably installed in an array on the synchronization ring. The second hinge rods are rotatably installed on the lower side of the connecting plate and move within the fourth movable slot.
[0012] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism further includes a second sliding groove, a connecting rod, a vertical plate, a limiting post, a limiting hole, a fixed-distance top post, an arc-shaped insertion plate, a mounting frame, a sliding block, a third return spring, a positioning rod, and a positioning hole. Three sets of second sliding grooves are provided on the right side of the spline shaft. Connecting rods are movably inserted into the second sliding grooves. Each connecting rod is fixedly connected to the right end of a limiting rod. A vertical plate is fixedly installed on the right end of the connecting rod. A limiting post is fixedly installed on the upper side of the vertical plate. Limiting holes are arrayed on the right end of the spline shaft, and the limiting posts are inserted into the limiting holes. The center position on the left side of the adjustment box is fixed... A fixed-distance top column is fixedly installed, which abuts against the right end of the spline shaft. An arc-shaped insertion plate is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the telescopic motor, and the arc-shaped insertion plate is inserted between the vertical plate and the spline shaft. An installation frame is fixedly installed on the left end of the adjustment box, and a sliding block is slidably installed in the installation frame. A third return spring is provided in the installation frame, and the left side of the third return spring abuts against the right side of the sliding block. A positioning rod is fixedly installed on the sliding block, and the positioning rod is movably inserted in the installation frame. A positioning hole is opened on the right end of the spline shaft, and the positioning rod is movably inserted in the positioning hole.
[0013] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism further includes a connecting block and a top ring. The connecting block is fixedly installed in an array on the left side of the adjustment box, and the top ring is fixedly installed in the left side of the connecting block. The top ring abuts against the right end of the workpiece body. Three sets of limiting sector blocks are fixedly installed in an array on the left side of the spline shaft. The limiting sector blocks are located between the third and fourth movable slots on the right side, and the right side of the limiting sector blocks abuts against the left side of the workpiece body.
[0014] Preferably, S1: The initial state of the workpiece body is roughed by forging and punching, and then the inner side of the workpiece body is broached by broaching to complete the preliminary processing of the workpiece body. S2: The splined shaft is initially clamped by a three-jaw chuck, and the workpiece body is sleeved on the splined shaft. S3: Install the adjustment box on the right end of the spline shaft, and adjust the position of the first inner support block and the second inner support block by measuring the pressure sensor and adjusting the telescopic motor, so as to complete the fine adjustment of the coaxiality of the workpiece body and the spline shaft. S4: The three-jaw clamping disc fully clamps the spline shaft, fixing the positions of the first inner support block and the second inner support block. The adjustment box can then be disassembled, and the workpiece body can be processed.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention achieves precise positioning of the workpiece body through the spline shaft, and ensures the coaxiality of the workpiece body inside and outside during processing through shape matching. It also has three sets of first inner support blocks that can be independently adjusted in position. While performing the function of fixing the workpiece body, it also has the ability to finely adjust the coaxiality of the workpiece body and the spline shaft. It not only realizes the real-time detection and adjustment of coaxiality, but also releases the stress caused by error when the workpiece body is sleeved on the spline shaft, reduces the adverse effects of stress on the spline shaft during processing, and increases the service life of the spline shaft. 2. This invention achieves the separation of spline shaft clamping and first inner support block position fixation by splitting the clamping state of the spline shaft, thereby reducing the operation process and increasing the convenience of equipment use. It also has an external adjustment box and telescopic motor, which, together with a pressure sensor, realizes simultaneous detection and adjustment of the first inner support block position, increasing the functionality and convenience of equipment use. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-jaw clamping disk and the workpiece body provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the workpiece body and the spline shaft provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the workpiece body provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure at the center of the spline shaft provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structural separation at the spline shaft center provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the limiting rod provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the first inner support block provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the connecting rod provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the adjustment box provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 Provided for embodiments of the present invention Figure 5 A magnified view of part A in the diagram; Figure 12 Provided for embodiments of the present invention Figure 10 A magnified view of part B in the diagram.
[0017] In the diagram: 1. Machine tool body; 2. Three-jaw chuck; 3. Workpiece body; 4. Splined shaft; 5. Limiting rod; 6. First inner support block; 7. Synchronizing ring; 8. Pressure sensor; 9. Adjusting box; 10. Telescopic motor; 11. Inner support mechanism; 1101. Limiting groove; 1102. Receiving ring groove; 1103. First movable groove; 1104. Fixed block; 1105. First hinge rod; 1106. Movable block; 1107. Second movable groove; 1108. Second inner support block; 1109. First sliding groove; 1110. Arc-shaped sliding block; 12. Detection mechanism; 1201. Third movable groove; 1202. Positioning column; 1203. Floating block; 1204. First return spring; 1205. Fourth movable groove; 1206. Connecting plate; 1207. Guide post; 1208. Guide hole; 1209. Second return spring; 1210. Second hinge rod; 13. Adjustment mechanism; 1301. Second sliding groove; 1302. Connecting rod; 1303. Vertical plate; 1304. Limiting post; 1305. Limiting hole; 1306. Fixed-distance top post; 1307. Arc-shaped insertion plate; 1308. Mounting frame; 1309. Actuating slider; 1310. Third return spring; 1311. Positioning rod; 1312. Positioning hole; 1313. Connecting block; 1314. Top ring; 1315. Limiting sector block. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] Please see Figures 1-12 The present invention provides a technical solution: a spline machining equipment for a reducer conveyor shaft and its machining process, comprising a machining machine body 1, a three-jaw clamping plate 2 on the machining machine body 1, a workpiece body 3 on the three-jaw clamping plate 2, a spline shaft 4 on the three-jaw clamping plate 2, the length of the spline shaft 4 being greater than the length of the workpiece body 3, the shape of the spline shaft 4 being adapted to the shape of the inner side of the workpiece body 3, and the spline shaft 4 being inserted into the workpiece body 3; The inner support mechanism 11 includes a limiting rod 5 and a first inner support block 6. Three sets of limiting rods 5 are movably inserted into the spline shaft 4. Each limiting rod 5 is equipped with a first inner support block 6. The shape of the first inner support block 6 is adapted to the shape of the inner side of the workpiece body 3. The detection mechanism 12 includes a synchronization ring 7 and pressure sensors 8. The synchronization ring 7 is movably inserted into the spline shaft 4, and three sets of pressure sensors 8 are arrayed on the synchronization ring 7. The adjustment mechanism 13 includes an adjustment box 9 and a telescopic motor 10. The adjustment box 9 is located at the right end of the spline shaft 4, and three sets of telescopic motors 10 are fixedly installed inside the adjustment box 9. The limiting rod 5 is installed on the output shaft of the telescopic motor 10. This equipment positions the workpiece body 3 by inserting the spline shaft 4 into the workpiece body 3, which can ensure the coaxiality of the workpiece body 3 with the inside and outside during processing. At the same time, three sets of independently movable first inner support blocks 6 and synchronously movable pressure sensors 8 are set. The pressure sensors 8 measure the coaxiality, and the first inner support blocks 6 are used to fine-tune the coaxiality. In this way, not only is the position of the workpiece body 3 accurately adjusted, but also the precise inner support reduces the adverse effects of vibration generated during processing on the spline shaft 4 itself. The support of the independent first inner support blocks 6 reduces the squeezing wear of the spline shaft 4 caused by uneven stress during processing. On the one hand, it ensures the coaxiality of the workpiece body 3 during processing, and on the other hand, it extends the service life of the spline shaft 4.
[0020] Furthermore, the inner support mechanism 11 also includes a limiting groove 1101, a receiving ring groove 1102, a first movable groove 1103, a fixed block 1104, a first hinge rod 1105, and a movable block 1106. Three sets of limiting grooves 1101 are provided in the spline shaft 4, and the limiting rod 5 is movably inserted into the limiting groove 1101. The middle section of the spline shaft 4 is provided with a receiving ring groove 1102, and three sets of first movable grooves 1103 are arrayed on the right side of the receiving ring groove 1102. The right end of the three sets of limiting rods 5 is fixedly installed with a fixed block 1104, and the first hinge rod 1105 is rotatably installed on the fixed block 1104. The first hinge rod 1105 is rotatably installed on the lower side of the movable block 1106, and the first inner support block 6 is fixedly installed on the movable block 1106. The movable block 1106 is in contact with the edge of the first movable groove 1103. This structure is a lifting structure for the first inner support block 6. Its feature is that the lifting of the three sets of first inner support blocks 6 is independently controlled, thereby enabling fine-tuning of the position of the first inner support block 6 during the support process. This allows for precise adjustment of the coaxiality between the workpiece body 3 and the spline shaft 4 according to the actual situation. Not only is the coaxiality adjustable, but the inner support method can also reduce the stress between the workpiece body 3 and the spline shaft 4, increasing the stability of the equipment during use and extending the service life of the spline shaft 4. Furthermore, the inner support mechanism 11 also includes a second movable groove 1107 and a second inner support block 1108. The right side of the receiving ring groove 1102 is provided with the second movable groove 1107. Another set of fixing blocks 1104 are fixedly installed on the right side of the limiting rod 5. Another set of first hinge rods 1105 are rotatably installed on the fixing blocks 1104. The first hinge rods 1105 are rotatably installed on the lower side of another set of movable blocks 1106. The second inner support block 1108 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the movable block 1106. The movable block 1106 is movably inserted into the second movable groove 1107. The shape of the second inner support block 1108 is adapted to the inner side of the workpiece body 3. The upper right edge of the first inner support block 6 is rounded. The second inner support block 1108 is the main inner support structure of the workpiece body 3. The length of the second inner support block 1108 is greater than that of the first inner support block 6, which can provide greater friction during inner support. The first inner support block 6 and the second inner support block 1108 on the same set of limiting rods 5 move synchronously and can achieve synchronous support. The rounded corners of the first inner support block 6 can guide the workpiece body 3 when it is sleeved on the spline shaft 4. The rounded corners can prevent the workpiece body 3 from rubbing against the second inner support block 1108 during installation, reduce the wear of the second inner support block 1108 and the obstruction during installation. Furthermore, the inner support mechanism 11 also includes a first sliding groove 1109 and an arc-shaped sliding block 1110. Three sets of first sliding grooves 1109 are provided on the left end of the spline shaft 4. The arc-shaped sliding block 1110 is slidably installed in the first sliding groove 1109. The arc-shaped sliding block 1110 is fixedly installed on the left end of the limiting rod 5. The shape of the outer side of the limiting rod 5 is adapted to the shape of the outer side of the left end of the spline shaft 4. The length of the first sliding groove 1109 is less than the clamping range of the clamping claws on the three-jaw clamping plate 2. This structure is a locking structure for the positions of the first inner support block 6 and the second inner support block 1108. After the spline shaft 4 is clamped on the three-jaw clamping plate 2, the arc-shaped sliding block 1110 is also clamped when the spline shaft 4 is clamped, so that the arc-shaped sliding block 1110 cannot slide, thereby locking the positions of the second inner support block 1108 and the first inner support block 6, thus achieving support for the inner side of the workpiece body 3. The feature is that this locking method allows different groups of arc-shaped sliding blocks 1110 to be in different positions relative to the first slide groove 1109, that is, it allows for the difference in the position of the first inner support block 6, and the clamping force and friction are equal, so there will be no uneven clamping force due to position changes, which increases the adaptability of the equipment during use. Furthermore, the detection mechanism 12 also includes a third movable groove 1201, a positioning post 1202, a floating block 1203, and a first return spring 1204. Six sets of third movable grooves 1201 are arrayed on the left end of the spline shaft 4. Every three sets of third movable grooves 1201 are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the first slide groove 1109. A positioning post 1202 is fixedly installed in each of the third movable grooves 1201. A floating block 1203 is movably sleeved on the positioning post 1202. The floating block 1203 is movably inserted into the third movable groove 1201. A first return spring 1204 is provided in the floating block 1203. The lower side of the first return spring 1204 abuts against the upper end of the positioning post 1202. The outer side of the floating block 1203 is adapted to the outer shape of the left side of the spline shaft 4. This structure is an auxiliary structure for the three-jaw clamping disk 2 to clamp the spline shaft 4. Since the arc-shaped sliding block 1110 needs to move within a certain range when clamping the workpiece body 3, if the three-jaw clamping disk 2 directly and completely clamps the spline shaft 4, the limiting rod 5 will not be able to move. With this structure, the three-jaw clamping disk 2 can first clamp the floating block 1203, so that the spline shaft 4 is relatively fixed. After the arc-shaped sliding block 1110 is adjusted to the correct position, the clamping force is increased so that the spline shaft 4 is completely fixed on the three-jaw clamping disk 2. At this time, the arc-shaped sliding block 1110 is also completely fixed, which increases the convenience of using the equipment. Furthermore, the detection mechanism 12 also includes a fourth movable groove 1205 and a connecting plate 1206. The fourth movable groove 1205 is provided at the third movable groove 1201 on the right side. The connecting plate 1206 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the floating block 1203 on the right side. The pressure sensor 8 is fixedly installed on the connecting plate 1206 and moves on the upper side of the fourth movable groove 1205. The upper side of the fourth movable slot 1205 is open and the pressure sensor 8 moves within it. The pressure sensor 8 will only retract into the fourth movable slot 1205 after the floating block 1203 is completely pressed into the third movable slot 1201 by the three-jaw clamping plate 2. This allows the pressure sensor 8 to measure the pressure between itself and the inner side of the workpiece body 3 before the position of the limiting rod 5 is adjusted. The coaxiality of the spline shaft 4 and the workpiece body 3 can be measured by the pressure difference measured by the three sets of pressure sensors 8. When the position of the limiting rod 5 is adjusted to adjust the coaxiality of the workpiece body 3 and the spline shaft 4, the change in coaxiality can be measured in real time. After the measurement is completed, it will retract into the fourth movable slot 1205 as the floating block 1203 retracts, increasing the convenience of using the equipment. Furthermore, the detection mechanism 12 also includes a guide post 1207, a guide hole 1208, a second reset spring 1209, and a second hinge rod 1210. The guide post 1207 is fixedly installed in an array on the inner side of the fourth movable groove 1205. The synchronization ring 7 is movably inserted into the fourth movable groove 1205. The synchronization ring 7 has an array of guide holes 1208. The guide post 1207 is inserted into the guide hole 1208. The second reset spring 1209 is sleeved on the right side of the guide post 1207. The left end of the second reset spring 1209 abuts against the right side of the synchronization ring 7. Three sets of second hinge rods 1210 are rotatably installed in an array on the synchronization ring 7. The second hinge rods 1210 are rotatably installed on the lower side of the connecting plate 1206. The second hinge rods 1210 move within the fourth movable groove 1205. This structure allows the pressure sensors 8 to move synchronously. This structure ensures that the three sets of pressure sensors 8 can only move synchronously, thereby ensuring that the distance between the three sets of pressure sensors 8 and the spline shaft 4 is equal. This enables the accurate measurement of the coaxiality between the workpiece body 3 and the spline shaft 4, increasing the stability of the equipment during use. Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism 13 also includes a second sliding groove 1301, a connecting rod 1302, a vertical plate 1303, a limiting post 1304, a limiting hole 1305, a fixed-distance top post 1306, an arc-shaped insertion plate 1307, a mounting frame 1308, a toggle slider 1309, a third return spring 1310, a positioning rod 1311, and a positioning hole 1312. Three sets of second sliding grooves 1301 are provided on the right side of the spline shaft 4. Connecting rods 1302 are movably inserted into the second sliding grooves 1301. Each connecting rod 1302 is fixedly connected to the right end of the limiting rod 5. A vertical plate 1303 is fixedly installed on the right end of the connecting rod 1302. A limiting post 1304 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the vertical plate 1303. Limiting holes 1305 are arrayed on the right end of the spline shaft 4. The limiting posts 1304 are inserted into the limiting holes 1305. A fixed-distance top post 1306 is fixedly installed at the center of the left side of box 9. The fixed-distance top post 1306 abuts against the right end of the spline shaft 4. An arc-shaped insertion plate 1307 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the telescopic motor 10. The arc-shaped insertion plate 1307 is inserted between the vertical plate 1303 and the spline shaft 4. An installation frame 1308 is fixedly installed on the left end of the adjusting box 9. A sliding block 1309 is slidably installed in the installation frame 1308. A third return spring 1310 is set in the installation frame 1308. The left side of the third return spring 1310 abuts against the right side of the sliding block 1309. A positioning rod 1311 is fixedly installed on the sliding block 1309. The positioning rod 1311 is movably inserted in the installation frame 1308. A positioning hole 1312 is opened on the right end of the spline shaft 4. The positioning rod 1311 is movably inserted in the positioning hole 1312. This structure allows the adjustment box 9 to be installed and fixed to the right end of the spline shaft 4. The data fed back by the pressure sensor 8 is used to pull the limit rod 5 through the telescopic motor 10, thereby adjusting the position of the first inner support block 6, realizing automated adjustment and increasing the functionality of the equipment. The adjustment box 9 and its auxiliary structure can be completely removed from the spline shaft 4 without being affected by the processing. Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism 13 also includes a connecting block 1313 and a top ring 1314. The connecting block 1313 is fixedly installed in an array on the left side of the adjustment box 9, and the top ring 1314 is fixedly installed on the left side of the connecting block 1313. The top ring 1314 abuts against the right end of the workpiece body 3. Three sets of limiting sector blocks 1315 are fixedly installed in an array on the left side of the spline shaft 4. The limiting sector blocks 1315 are located between the third movable groove 1201 and the fourth movable groove 1205 on the right side, and the right side of the limiting sector blocks 1315 abuts against the left side of the workpiece body 3. This structure is a limiting structure for the workpiece body 3. Before the internal support, the workpiece body 3 may slide on the spline shaft 4, but this structure ensures that the adjustment box 9 can limit the workpiece body 3 after installation, increasing the stability and convenience of the equipment during use. Furthermore, S1: The initial state of the workpiece body 3 is roughed by forging and punching, and then the inner side of the workpiece body 3 is broached by broaching to complete the preliminary treatment of the workpiece body 3. S2: The splined shaft 4 is initially clamped by the three-jaw clamping plate 2, and the workpiece body 3 is sleeved on the splined shaft 4; S3: Install the adjustment box 9 on the right end of the spline shaft 4, and adjust the position of the first inner support block 6 and the second inner support block 1108 by measuring the pressure sensor 8 and extending the telescopic motor 10, so as to complete the fine adjustment of the coaxiality of the workpiece body 3 and the spline shaft 4. S4: The three-jaw clamping disc 2 fully clamps the spline shaft 4, fixing the positions of the first inner support block 6 and the second inner support block 1108. Then, the adjustment box 9 can be disassembled, and the workpiece body 3 can be processed.
[0021] Working principle: The initial state of the workpiece body 3 is roughed by forging and punching, and then the inner side of the workpiece body 3 is broached. When using this invention, the spline shaft 4 is clamped on the three-jaw clamping plate 2. At this time, the clamping jaws on the three-jaw clamping plate 2 are in contact with the floating block 1203 but not with the arc-shaped sliding block 1110. The workpiece body 3 is sleeved on the spline shaft 4, and then the adjusting box 9 is set at the right end of the spline shaft 4, so that the fixed-distance top column 1306 and the spline shaft are aligned. The center positions of the right ends of the core 4 are abutted. Rotating the adjustment box 9 causes the arc-shaped insertion plate 1307 to be inserted between the vertical plate 1303 and the spline shaft core 4. At this time, the positioning rod 1311 is inserted into the positioning hole 1312 under the action of the third return spring 1310. At this time, the position of the limiting rod 5 can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the output shaft of the telescopic motor 10. The change in the position of the limiting rod 5 will cause the first hinge rod 1105 to tend to be vertical or horizontal, thereby completing the lifting and lowering of the first inner support block 6. At this time, the pressure sensor 8 and the work The inner side of the workpiece body 3 is fitted together. The pressure difference allows us to determine whether the coaxiality of the workpiece body 3 and the spline shaft 4 is within the error range. By controlling the extension and retraction of the telescopic motor 10, the squeezing force on the inner sides of the first inner support block 6 and the second inner support block 1108 can be adjusted, thereby achieving fine adjustment of the coaxiality. This control method is a mature existing technology, and the specific principle will not be elaborated here. After adjustment, the three-jaw clamping disc 2 is further fixed, ensuring complete contact between the three-jaw clamping disc 2 and the arc-shaped sliding block 1110, thus completing the adjustment of the coaxiality. The arc-shaped sliding block 1110 is fixed, thereby completing the internal support of the first inner support block 6 and the second inner support block 1108 on the workpiece body 3. At this time, the pressure sensor 8 and the floating block 1203 move synchronously and are pressed into the third movable groove 1201 and the fourth movable groove 1205. Then, the sliding block 1309 is pulled to compress the third return spring 1310, so that the positioning rod 1311 is disengaged from the positioning hole 1312. The adjustment box 9 rotates to separate the adjustment box 9 from the spline shaft 4, so that the workpiece body 3 can be processed.
[0022] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
[0023] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A spline machining device for a reducer conveyor shaft, comprising a machine tool body (1), wherein a three-jaw chuck (2) is provided on the machine tool body (1), and a workpiece body (3) is provided at the three-jaw chuck (2), characterized in that: A spline shaft (4) is provided at the three-jaw clamping plate (2). The length of the spline shaft (4) is greater than the length of the workpiece body (3). The shape of the spline shaft (4) is adapted to the shape of the inner side of the workpiece body (3). The spline shaft (4) is inserted into the workpiece body (3). The internal support mechanism (11) includes a limiting rod (5) and a first internal support block (6). Three sets of limiting rods (5) are movably inserted into the spline shaft (4). The first internal support block (6) is installed on each of the limiting rods (5). The shape of the first internal support block (6) is adapted to the shape of the inner side of the workpiece body (3). The detection mechanism (12) includes a synchronization ring (7) and a pressure sensor (8). The synchronization ring (7) is movably inserted into the spline shaft (4), and three sets of pressure sensors (8) are arrayed on the synchronization ring (7). Adjustment mechanism (13) includes adjustment box (9) and telescopic motor (10). The right end of the spline shaft (4) is provided with adjustment box (9). Three sets of telescopic motors (10) are fixedly installed in the adjustment box (9). The limiting rod (5) is installed on the output shaft of the telescopic motor (10).
2. The equipment for machining splines inside a reducer conveyor shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The internal support mechanism (11) further includes a limiting groove (1101), a receiving ring groove (1102), a first movable groove (1103), a fixed block (1104), a first hinge rod (1105), and a movable block (1106). Three sets of limiting grooves (1101) are provided inside the spline shaft (4). The limiting rod (5) is movably inserted into the limiting groove (1101). A receiving ring groove (1102) is provided in the middle section of the spline shaft (4). The right side array has three sets of first movable slots (1103). The right ends of the three sets of limiting rods (5) are fixedly installed with fixing blocks (1104). The fixing blocks (1104) are rotatably installed with first hinge rods (1105). The first hinge rods (1105) are rotatably installed on the lower side of the movable block (1106). The movable block (1106) is fixedly installed with a first inner support block (6). The movable block (1106) is in contact with the edge of the first movable slot (1103).
3. The equipment for machining splines inside a reducer conveyor shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner support mechanism (11) further includes a second movable groove (1107) and a second inner support block (1108). The right side of the receiving ring groove (1102) is provided with a second movable groove (1107). Another set of fixed blocks (1104) are fixedly installed on the right side of the limiting rod (5). Another set of first hinge rods (1105) are rotatably installed on the fixed blocks (1104). The first hinge rods (1105) are rotatably installed on the lower side of another set of movable blocks (1106). The upper side of the movable blocks (1106) is fixedly installed with a second inner support block (1108). The movable blocks (1106) are movably inserted into the second movable groove (1107). The shape of the second inner support block (1108) is adapted to the inner side of the workpiece body (3). The upper right edge of the first inner support block (6) is rounded.
4. The equipment for machining splines inside the conveyor shaft of a reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner support mechanism (11) also includes a first slide groove (1109) and an arc-shaped sliding block (1110). The left end of the spline shaft (4) is provided with three sets of first slide grooves (1109). An arc-shaped sliding block (1110) is slidably installed in the first slide groove (1109). The arc-shaped sliding block (1110) is fixedly installed on the left end of the limiting rod (5). The shape of the outer side of the limiting rod (5) is adapted to the shape of the outer side of the left end of the spline shaft (4). The length of the first slide groove (1109) is less than the clamping range of the clamping claw on the three-jaw clamping plate (2).
5. The equipment for machining splines inside a reducer conveyor shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection mechanism (12) further includes a third movable groove (1201), a positioning post (1202), a floating block (1203), and a first return spring (1204). The left end of the spline shaft (4) is arrayed with six sets of third movable grooves (1201). Every three sets of third movable grooves (1201) are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the first slide groove (1109). A positioning post (1202) is fixedly installed in each of the third movable grooves (1201). A floating block (1203) is movably sleeved on the positioning post (1202). The floating block (1203) is movably inserted in the third movable groove (1201). A first return spring (1204) is provided in the floating block (1203). The lower side of the first return spring (1204) abuts against the upper end of the positioning post (1202). The outer side of the floating block (1203) is adapted to the outer shape of the left side of the spline shaft (4).
6. The equipment for machining splines inside a reducer conveyor shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The detection mechanism (12) also includes a fourth movable groove (1205) and a connecting plate (1206). The fourth movable groove (1205) is provided at the third movable groove (1201) on the right side. The connecting plate (1206) is fixedly installed on the lower side of the floating block (1203) on the right side. The pressure sensor (8) is fixedly installed on the connecting plate (1206). The pressure sensor (8) moves on the upper side of the fourth movable groove (1205).
7. The equipment for machining splines inside a reducer conveyor shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that: The detection mechanism (12) further includes a guide post (1207), a guide hole (1208), a second reset spring (1209), and a second hinge rod (1210). The guide post (1207) is fixedly installed in an array on the inner side of the fourth movable groove (1205). The synchronization ring (7) is movably inserted into the fourth movable groove (1205). The synchronization ring (7) has an array of guide holes (1208). The guide post (1207) is inserted into the guide hole (1208). The second reset spring (1209) is sleeved on the right side of the guide post (1207). The left end of the second reset spring (1209) abuts against the right side of the synchronization ring (7). Three sets of second hinge rods (1210) are rotatably installed in an array on the synchronization ring (7). The second hinge rods (1210) are rotatably installed on the lower side of the connecting plate (1206). The second hinge rods (1210) move in the fourth movable groove (1205).
8. The equipment for machining splines inside the conveyor shaft of a reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (13) further includes a second sliding groove (1301), a connecting rod (1302), a vertical plate (1303), a limiting post (1304), a limiting hole (1305), a fixed-distance top post (1306), an arc-shaped insertion plate (1307), a mounting frame (1308), a sliding block (1309), a third return spring (1310), a positioning rod (1311), and a positioning hole (1312). Three sets of second sliding grooves (1301) are provided on the right side of the spline shaft (4). A connecting rod (1302) is movably inserted into the second sliding groove (1301). Each connecting rod (1302) is fixedly connected to the right end of a limiting rod (5). A vertical plate (1303) is fixedly installed on the right end of each connecting rod (1302). A limiting post (1304) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the vertical plate (1303). Limiting holes (1305) are arrayed on the right end of the spline shaft (4). The limiting posts (1304) are inserted into the limiting holes (1305). The adjusting box ( 9) A fixed-distance top column (1306) is fixedly installed at the center position on the left side. The fixed-distance top column (1306) abuts against the right end of the spline shaft (4). An arc-shaped insertion plate (1307) is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the telescopic motor (10). The arc-shaped insertion plate (1307) is inserted between the vertical plate (1303) and the spline shaft (4). An installation frame (1308) is fixedly installed in an array at the left end of the adjustment box (9). A sliding block (1309) is slidably installed in the installation frame (1308). A third return spring (1310) is provided in the mounting frame (1308). The left side of the third return spring (1310) and the right side of the sliding block (1309) abut against each other. A positioning rod (1311) is fixedly installed on the sliding block (1309). The positioning rod (1311) is movably inserted in the mounting frame (1308). A positioning hole (1312) is arrayed at the right end of the spline shaft (4). The positioning rod (1311) is movably inserted in the positioning hole (1312).
9. The equipment for machining splines inside a reducer conveyor shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (13) further includes a connecting block (1313) and a top ring (1314). The connecting block (1313) is fixedly installed on the left side of the adjustment box (9), and the top ring (1314) is fixedly installed on the left side of the connecting block (1313). The top ring (1314) abuts against the right end of the workpiece body (3). Three sets of limiting sector blocks (1315) are fixedly installed on the left side of the spline shaft (4). The limiting sector blocks (1315) are located between the third movable groove (1201) and the fourth movable groove (1205) on the right side. The right side of the limiting sector blocks (1315) abuts against the left side of the workpiece body (3).
10. A machining process for the internal spline of a reducer conveyor shaft, characterized in that, The machining process for the internal spline of the reducer conveyor shaft is applicable to the internal spline machining equipment for the reducer conveyor shaft as described in any one of claims 1-9, and includes the following steps: S1: The initial state of the workpiece body (3) is roughed by forging and punching, and the inner side of the workpiece body (3) is broached by broaching to complete the initial processing of the workpiece body (3). S2: The spline shaft (4) is initially clamped by the three-jaw clamping plate (2), and the workpiece body (3) is sleeved on the spline shaft (4); S3: Install the adjustment box (9) on the right end of the spline shaft (4), and adjust the position of the first inner support block (6) and the second inner support block (1108) by measuring the pressure sensor (8) and telescopic motor (10), so as to complete the fine adjustment of the coaxiality of the workpiece body (3) and the spline shaft (4). S4: The three-jaw clamping disc (2) fully clamps the spline shaft (4), so that the positions of the first inner support block (6) and the second inner support block (1108) are fixed. The adjustment box (9) can be disassembled and the workpiece body (3) can be processed.