Basalt superfine fiber cotton production process and device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of superfine fiber cotton production, and discloses a basalt superfine fiber cotton production process and device.A fiber drawing device comprises a fiber combing part, the fiber combing part comprises a guide-in plate for guiding primary fiber conveying, the bottom end of the guide-in plate is fixedly connected with a frame, and positioning shafts are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the frame; comb tooth pieces are arranged on the opposite sides of the two sets of positioning shafts, the two sets of comb tooth pieces are arranged in an up-down parallel and left-right staggered state, and a guide-out plate is arranged at the lower end of the frame. According to the device, the comb tooth piece is arranged, the combing teeth of the semi-spherical design and the elastic buffering effect of the elastic piece form synergy, the combing teeth make flexible contact with primary wires all the time, wire breakage and surface damage caused by rigid friction are avoided, and slightly-wound wires can be separated through the elastic acting force. A three-dimensional carding network is constructed in an up-down staggered arrangement mode, primary filaments need to be sequentially subjected to crossed carding of two layers of comb teeth in the conveying process, and it is ensured that the filaments are independently separated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of superfine fiber cotton production, in particular to a basalt superfine fiber cotton production process and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The basalt superfine fiber cotton is an inorganic non-metallic fiber material made of natural basalt as raw material, high-temperature melting, high-speed wire drawing, cooling collection and forming treatment. The core technical index is that the single fiber diameter is less than 3 microns (industry clearly less than 3 microns is superfine fiber, which is different from 3-7 microns of fine fiber). Due to the super fine characteristics of less than 3 microns, the material has a super large specific surface area, and further has a high efficient filtering capacity of nearly full interception of PM2.5, excellent heat insulation performance of extremely low heat conduction capacity, and strong adsorption efficiency, fully showing the outstanding advantages of superfine fiber in core performance, and also has the advantages of long-term high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, no formaldehyde release and natural degradation, and is widely used in strategic emerging fields such as high-end filtration, aerospace heat insulation, new energy battery heat insulation, etc. It is a key material to replace traditional organic fiber and ordinary inorganic fiber, and the key production equipment includes melting equipment, wire drawing equipment, cooling collection equipment and post-processing equipment, etc.

[0003] There is a problem of high fiber diameter dispersion (large coefficient of variation) in the actual wire drawing link, which leads to uneven performance of superfine fiber group, which contains both less than 3 micron superfine fiber meeting the requirements and fiber with coarse diameter, and the overall uniformity of the product is insufficient, and the fiber diameter fluctuates obviously. The core cause is that the high-temperature high-speed airflow field formed by the fire port cannot realize absolute uniform distribution, so that the stretching force acting on different points of the primary wire is different, and then the fiber stretching effect is inconsistent, forming the phenomenon of uneven diameter. The direct consequence is that the performance stability of the downstream filtration and heat insulation material is affected, the use reliability in high-end application scenarios is reduced, and the adaptation ability of the material in the core fields such as aerospace and high-end filtration is restricted. The indirect chain reaction is that the difference in specific surface area and surface energy of different diameter fibers will further aggravate the agglomeration phenomenon in the collection stage, and the agglomeration will cover up the hidden danger of insufficient wire drawing precision, hinder the pertinence of process optimization, and form a vicious cycle. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a basalt superfine fiber cotton production process and device, which can effectively solve the problem of high fiber diameter dispersion in the wire drawing link in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted: The present application provides a basalt superfine fiber cotton production process, comprising the following steps: S1, the natural basalt ore is put into the furnace through the automatic feeder, the molybdenum electrode is electrified to generate heat energy in the furnace, the basalt raw material is gradually melted, and the electrode current and the copper row heating current are adjusted in real time through the temperature controller, so that the melt temperature reaches the drawing process requirement; S2, the molten basalt flows out from the bushing plate of the drawing device to form a primary wire, which is stably conveyed to the combustion chamber jet port of the drawing device by a pair of rubber rollers driven by a motor through guidance; S3, the high-temperature high-speed airflow generated by the combustion chamber jet port of the drawing device acts vertically on the primary wire, so that it is softened, melted and stretched again, and finally forms superfine fibers; S4, the formed superfine fibers are rapidly cooled and collected, preparing for the subsequent packaging process.

[0006] A basalt superfine fiber cotton drawing device, comprising: a bushing plate, a rubber roller, a combing part and a combustion chamber, the bushing plate is provided with a rubber roller for conveying a primary wire at the lower end, and the rubber roller is provided with a combing part at the lower end; The combing part comprises a guide plate for guiding the conveying of the primary wire, the bottom end of the guide plate is fixedly connected with a frame, the inner wall of the frame is symmetrically provided with positioning shafts, and the opposite sides of the two groups of positioning shafts are provided with combing teeth.

[0007] Further, the combing teeth comprise a fixed bottom plate detachably connected with the outer wall of the positioning shaft, a telescopic rod is arranged in the middle of the other end of the middle part of the fixed bottom plate, the other end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a fixed cover plate, a combing tooth is arranged at the other end of the fixed cover plate, and the end away from the fixed cover plate is designed in a semicircle.

[0008] Further, the inner wall of the fixed cover plate and the outer wall of the fixed bottom plate are equal in size, and the end close to the fixed bottom plate of the fixed cover plate is symmetrically provided with an elastic piece as the center of the telescopic rod.

[0009] Further, the two ends of the positioning shaft are symmetrically fixed with fixed rods, the outer wall of one of the fixed rods is sleeved with a spring, the other end of the other fixed rod is fixedly connected with a tooth plate, and the top end of the tooth plate is meshingly connected with a gear; the outer end of the gear is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected with a driving piece mounted outside the frame.

[0010] Further, the combustion chamber is arranged below the guide plate, the combustion chamber comprises a warehouse body, the inside of the warehouse body is provided with a heating piece for generating high-temperature airflow, the outlet of the warehouse body is provided with a flow equalizing piece, the flow equalizing piece is composed of three flow equalizing plates, and the inside of each of the three flow equalizing plates is provided with a honeycomb-shaped gradually changing aperture.

[0011] Further, the flow equalizing member is provided with a nozzle at one end away from the bin body, the nozzle adopts a slit type flat design, and the nozzle width is greater than the primary wire arrangement width.

[0012] Further, the lower side of the combustion chamber is provided with a collecting member, the inner wall of the collecting member is provided with a guide plate adopting an inclined design, the top end of the collecting member is provided with a fixed frame, and the fixed frame is provided with a cooling member equidistantly at the side close to the guide plate.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects: The present application is provided with a combing tooth member, the combing tooth with a semi-circular ball design cooperates with the elastic buffering effect of the elastic member to form a flexible contact between the combing tooth and the primary wire at all times, which not only avoids the wire breakage and surface damage caused by rigid friction, but also separates the slightly entangled wires through the elastic force. The up-and-down staggered arrangement mode constructs a three-dimensional combing network, and the primary wire needs to pass through the cross combing of the two layers of combing teeth in turn during the conveying process, so as to ensure that each wire is independently separated and solve the industry problem of local aggregation and entanglement after traditional wire guiding.

[0014] The present application is provided with a positioning shaft, the positioning shaft not only bears the installation and fixing function of the combing tooth member, but also integrates a precise adjusting mechanism, the two ends of the positioning shaft are fixedly provided with fixed rods to form bidirectional support, one of the fixed rods is provided with a spring on the outer wall to provide a buffer elastic force for the positioning shaft, so as to avoid rigid impact on the wire during the adjusting process; the other fixed rod is connected with a toothed plate at the tail end, the toothed plate is engaged with a gear to transmit power, the gear is connected with a driving member outside the frame through a connecting rod, and the start-stop of the driving member can realize the forward and backward position fine adjustment of the positioning shaft, so as to change the contact distance between the combing tooth member and the primary wire, and adapt to the combing demand of wires of different specifications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical schemes in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the following embodiment or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creating any creative labor.

[0016] Figure 1 The production process flow chart of the superfine fiber cotton of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 The overall structure schematic diagram of the superfine fiber cotton drawing device of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 The combing tooth structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 The frame structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a schematic view of the comb tooth structure of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 It is a schematic view of the positioning shaft connection structure of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a schematic view of the combustion chamber structure of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 It is a schematic view of the collection structure of the embodiment of the present application.

[0017] The reference numbers in the figure respectively represent: 2, a bushing; 3, a rubber roller; 4, a wire combing part; 41, a frame; 42, a leading-in plate; 43, a leading-out plate; 44, a positioning shaft; 442, a fixed rod; 443, a spring; 444, a toothed plate; 445, a gear; 446, a connecting rod; 45, a comb tooth piece; 451, a combing tooth; 452, a fixed cover plate; 453, an extension rod; 454, an elastic piece; 455, a fixed bottom plate; 5, a combustion chamber; 51, a bin body; 52, a heating piece; 53, a flow equalizing piece; 54, a nozzle; 6, a collection piece; 61, a flow guide plate; 62, a fixed frame; 63, a cooling piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0019] The present application will be further described below in combination with the embodiments.

[0020] Embodiment: Please refer to Figures 1-8 The present application provides a technical scheme: Reference Figure 1 A basalt ultrafine fiber cotton production process, comprising the following steps: S1, the natural basalt ore is put into a smelting furnace through an automatic feeder, a molybdenum electrode is used to generate heat energy in the smelting furnace, the basalt raw material is gradually melted, and the electrode current and the copper bar heating current are adjusted in real time through a temperature control instrument to ensure that the melt temperature reaches the requirement of the drawing process; S2, the molten basalt flows out from the bushing 2 of the drawing device to form a primary wire, which is stably conveyed to the combustion chamber 5 of the drawing device through a pair of rubber rollers 3 driven by a motor in the drawing device by guidance; S3, the high-temperature high-speed airflow generated by the combustion chamber 5 of the drawing device acts vertically on the primary wire, so that the primary wire is softened and melted again and stretched, and finally forms an ultrafine fiber; S4, the formed superfine fibers are rapidly cooled and collected for subsequent packaging process.

[0021] Reference Figure 2 , the device is connected in series with the furnace, the bushing 2, the rubber roller 3, the silk combing part 4, the combustion chamber 5 and the collecting part 6 in turn, and each component is precisely positioned and functionally adapted to realize continuous and high-quality production from natural basalt raw materials to superfine fiber cotton products. The core innovation is concentrated in the self-adaptive carding structure of the silk combing part 4, the uniform flow blowing design of the combustion chamber 5 and the integrated layout of the flow guiding and cooling of the collecting part 6. Through structural optimization, the industry pain points such as uneven fiber diameter, serious agglomeration and low collection efficiency in traditional production are solved, and stable performance products are provided to support high-end applications.

[0022] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the silk combing part 4 is a key component connecting the guide yarn and the blowing link, and adopts a closed-loop structure design of "guiding-carding-positioning-outlet". It is integrally installed at the lower end of the rubber roller 3 and seamlessly connected with the subsequent combustion chamber 5. Its core structure is developed around the two core needs of "flexible carding + self-adaptive adjustment", and the specific design is as follows: The frame 41 is made of high-strength corrosion-resistant material to ensure the structural stability in high-temperature production environment. The upper end of the frame 41 is fixedly connected with the inlet plate 42, and the lower end is assembled with the outlet plate 43, which forms a regular yarn conveying channel. The inlet plate 42 adopts an inclined guide design to guide the primary yarn conveyed by the rubber roller 3 to enter the carding area smoothly and avoid yarn deviation or jamming. The outlet plate 43 is provided with positioning grooves corresponding to the arrangement of the primary yarn to ensure that the primary yarn after carding maintains a parallel posture and enters the combustion chamber 5. Reference Figure 3 and Figure 6 , two sets of positioning shafts 44 are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the frame 41. The positioning shafts 44 not only bear the installation and fixation function of the carding teeth 45, but also integrate a precision adjustment mechanism. The two ends of the positioning shaft 44 are symmetrically fixed with a fixed rod 442 to form a bidirectional support. One fixed rod 442 is provided with a spring 443 on the outer wall to provide a buffer elastic force for the positioning shaft 44, so as to avoid rigid impact on the yarn during adjustment. The other fixed rod 442 is connected with a toothed plate 444 at the end, the toothed plate 444 is engaged with a gear 445, the gear 445 is connected with a driving member outside the frame 41 through a connecting rod 446, and the forward and backward position of the positioning shaft 44 can be adjusted by the start and stop of the driving member, so as to change the contact distance between the carding teeth 45 and the primary yarn, and adapt to the carding needs of different specifications of yarn. Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5, the comb tooth piece 45 adopts a modular detachable design, realizes flexible assembly through the fixed bottom plate 455 and the positioning shaft 44, and is convenient for later maintenance and component replacement. The elastic members 454 are symmetrically arranged between the fixed bottom plate 455 and the fixed cover plate 452 with the telescopic rod 453 as the center, forming an elastic buffer structure, the telescopic rod 453 can adaptively expand and contract with the fluctuation of the wire thickness, cooperating with the elastic restoring force of the elastic member 454, to maintain the stable contact pressure between the comb teeth and the wire. The combing teeth 451 arranged on the outer side of the fixed cover plate 452 are the core executive components of the combing function, and the end away from the fixed cover plate 452 adopts a semicircular ball design to eliminate the risk of scratching the wire by sharp edges; the two groups of comb tooth pieces 45 are arranged in a parallel-up-and-down and staggered-left-and-right manner, forming a multi-dimensional combing space to ensure that each primary wire can be fully wrapped and separated, avoiding the situation of incomplete combing or incomplete combing; The semicircular ball designed combing teeth 451 and the elastic buffer effect of the elastic member 454 form a synergy, so that the combing teeth 451 and the primary wire always maintain a flexible contact, avoiding the wire breakage and surface damage caused by rigid friction, and separating the slightly entangled wire through the elastic force. The parallel-up-and-down and staggered-left-and-right arrangement forms a three-dimensional combing network, and the primary wire needs to pass through the cross combing of the two layers of comb teeth in turn during the conveying process, ensuring that each wire is independently separated, solving the industry problem of local aggregation and entanglement after traditional wire guiding. The elastic structure composed of the telescopic rod 453 and the elastic member 454 can adaptively adjust the expansion and contraction amount according to the thickness fluctuation and the number change of the primary wire, maintain stable contact pressure, and does not need frequent manual calibration; the gear 445-tooth plate 444 transmission structure of the positioning shaft 44 can accurately adjust the front and back positions of the comb tooth piece 45 through external driving members, and cooperates with the modular comb tooth piece 45 design to adapt to the combing needs of different specifications and different capacity production lines, greatly improving the universality and adaptability of the equipment. The guiding effect of the guide plate 42, the separation combing of the comb tooth piece 45 and the positioning function of the guide-out plate 43 form a closed loop, so that the primary wire is in a strict parallel and orderly state after combing, and the spacing between the wires is uniform and consistent, laying a solid foundation for uniform blowing and stretching of the subsequent combustion chamber 5. At the same time, the closed structure design of the frame 41 reduces the interference of external airflow on the arrangement of the wire, further improving the stability of the wire after combing. The comb tooth piece 45 adopts a modular detachable design, and when a single comb tooth piece 45 is worn or fails, it can be individually disassembled and replaced without the need to disassemble the wire combing part 4 as a whole, greatly shortening the maintenance time; the adjusting mechanism of the positioning shaft 44 has a simple structure, reliable transmission and low failure rate, and cooperates with the buffer protection of the spring 443 to prolong the service life of the component and reduce the operation and maintenance cost of the equipment in long-term operation.

[0023] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 7, the combustion chamber 5 as the core equipment of the flame blowing link is arranged below the lower side of the guide plate 43 of the carding part 4, and the structure design thereof is centered around two core targets of "air flow homogenization + high efficiency of stretching", so as to realize the re-melting and accurate stretching of the primary filaments. The specific design is as follows: The bin body 51 as the main structure of the combustion chamber 5 is made of high-temperature-resistant and heat-insulating material, forms a closed high-temperature airflow generation and transmission space, effectively reduces heat loss, and improves energy utilization efficiency. The heating element 52 installed inside the bin body 51 can stably generate high-temperature airflow, and through accurate temperature control, the airflow temperature can meet the needs of the re-melting of the primary filaments, and provide necessary heat conditions for the subsequent stretching link. The flow uniformizing element 53 arranged at the outlet of the bin body 51 is a key innovative component for airflow regularization, which is composed of multiple layers of flow uniformizing plates, and each layer of flow uniformizing plate is provided with honeycomb-shaped gradually changing apertures inside. This gradually changing aperture design can perform multi-stage flow guiding and regularization on the high-temperature airflow generated in the bin body 51. When the airflow passes through the flow uniformizing element 53, it needs to pass through multiple layers of honeycomb channels in sequence, and the turbulence and local flow rate difference are gradually eliminated, and finally a stable laminar flow state is formed. The end of the flow uniformizing element 53 away from the bin body 51 is connected with the nozzle 54, and the nozzle 54 adopts a slit-type flat design, the width of which is greater than the arrangement width of the primary filaments, so as to ensure that the high-temperature airflow can fully and uniformly cover all the primary filaments, and avoid the situation that the local filaments are not affected by the airflow. The outlet direction of the nozzle 54 is accurately calibrated and perpendicular to the conveying track of the primary filaments, so as to ensure that the force of the airflow on the primary filaments is along the length direction of the filaments, realize efficient stretching, and avoid the deviation or arrangement disorder of the filaments caused by the lateral airflow. The structure design of the entire combustion chamber 5 forms a closed loop of "high-temperature airflow generation - multi-stage flow uniformization - directional blowing", so as to ensure that the temperature, speed and pressure distribution of the airflow are uniform and consistent. The synergistic effect of the multiple layers of honeycomb-shaped gradually changing aperture flow uniformizing plates can effectively eliminate the turbulence, vortex and local flow rate difference in the high-temperature airflow, so as to make the airflow form a stable laminar flow state. The uniform airflow ensures that the heat and stretching force received by each primary filament are completely consistent, and avoids the problems of excessive melting of local filaments and insufficient melting of local filaments caused by uneven airflow in the traditional device, thereby providing a core guarantee for the uniformity of the fiber diameter. The design of the slit-type flat nozzle 54 enables the high-temperature airflow to act on the primary filaments, and the kinetic energy and heat energy of the airflow are fully utilized, which not only ensures the complete melting of the primary filaments, but also realizes the efficient stretching of the filaments through the high-speed traction of the airflow. The design that the width of the nozzle 54 is greater than the arrangement width of the primary filaments ensures that all the primary filaments can be fully covered by the airflow, avoids the situation of incomplete blowing or uneven stretching, and greatly improves the output proportion of <3 μm ultrafine fibers. The heat insulation design of the bin body 51 reduces heat loss, and the structure of the multi-layer flow uniformizing plate not only improves airflow uniformity but also has a certain heat preservation effect, thereby reducing energy consumption; the directional blowing design concentrates the kinetic energy of the airflow on the stretching of the wire, reduces airflow waste, and further improves energy utilization efficiency, thereby significantly reducing production costs in the long run. Each component of the combustion chamber 5 is made of high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, which can adapt to long-term high-temperature operating environment and has a low failure rate; the connection structure of the flow uniformizing member 53 and the nozzle 54 is firm, and the vibration generated when the airflow passes through is small, thereby ensuring the stability of the equipment in the continuous production process and providing a guarantee for large-scale production.

[0024] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 8 , the collecting member 6, as the terminal core component of the production device, is located below and at the side of the combustion chamber 5, and its structure design is centered around the three core requirements of “stable flow guiding + uniform cooling + high-efficiency collecting”, thereby realizing the solidification, dispersion and forming of the ultra-fine fibers. The inner wall of the collecting member 6 is provided with an inclined flow guide plate 61, and the inclination angle of the flow guide plate 61 is accurately calculated, which can guide the stable downward transportation of the ultra-fine fibers formed by the blowing of the combustion chamber 5, avoid the formation of vortex or turbulent flow of the airflow inside the collecting member 6, and reduce the risk of fiber entanglement and agglomeration. The flow guide plate 61 adopts a smooth surface design, which reduces the adsorption force between the fiber and the plate wall, and ensures that the fiber can smoothly enter the collecting area. The fixed frame 62 provided at the top end of the collecting member 6 provides mounting support for the cooling member 63, the fixed frame 62 arranges the cooling member 63 equidistantly along the side of the flow guide plate 61, and forms a uniform cooling airflow field. The cooling member 63 can generate stable low-temperature airflow to quickly cool the ultra-fine fibers in the transportation process, so that the glassy structure of the fibers is quickly solidified, the ultra-fine diameter characteristics are locked, and the fibers are prevented from fusing due to high-temperature residues. The equidistant arrangement of the cooling member 63 ensures that the cooling airflow is uniformly distributed inside the collecting member 6, and each fiber can be subjected to consistent cooling effect, thereby avoiding the performance difference of the fibers caused by uneven cooling. The internal space structure of the entire collecting member 6 is optimized and designed, the airflow channel is smooth, which can reduce airflow resistance, ensure the stable transportation and collection of the fibers under the traction of the airflow, and at the same time provide good conditions for the uniform laying and forming of the fibers. The inclined flow guide plate 61 can effectively guide the transportation track of the airflow and the fibers, avoid the generation of vortex or turbulent flow of the airflow inside the collecting member 6, and reduce the entanglement and agglomeration of the fibers caused by airflow disturbance. The smooth plate wall design reduces the adsorption risk of the fibers, ensures the downward transportation of the fibers in the single fiber state, and lays a foundation for subsequent uniform collection. The cooling elements 63 arranged equidistantly form a uniform cooling airflow field, which can quickly and uniformly cool the ultra-fine fibers, rapidly solidify the glass structure of the fibers, lock the ultra-fine diameter characteristics of the fibers, and avoid performance fluctuations of the fibers caused by uneven cooling. The rapid cooling can also reduce the difference in surface energy of the fibers, further reducing the possibility of fiber agglomeration. The stable flow guiding and uniform cooling work together to enable the fibers to enter the collection area smoothly and dispersedly, reduce the collection dead angle caused by fiber agglomeration, and greatly improve the collection efficiency. At the same time, the fibers after uniform cooling have uniform performance, the cotton felt structure after laying and forming is regular, and the uniformity of bulkiness and thickness is significantly improved, providing protection for the core performance of the product. The component layout of the collection element 6 is simple and reasonable, and the mounting structure of the flow guide plate 61 and the cooling element 63 is firm, with small vibration and high stability during operation, which can adapt to the needs of continuous production. The cooling element 63 is convenient to maintain, and the cooling strength can be adjusted according to the production needs, further improving the adaptability of the equipment Before starting the device, comprehensive pretreatment and preparation work need to be completed to ensure that each component is in good working condition. First, check the furnace, clean the inside of the hearth, ensure the smoothness of the inner wall of the hearth, and avoid pollution during the melting of the raw materials; check whether the hole diameter of the bushing 2 is unobstructed, without blockage or deformation, to ensure that the primary filaments can be smoothly guided out. Second, debug the fiber combing part 4, adjust the position of the positioning shaft 44 through the external driving element, so that the combing teeth 451 of the combing tooth element 45 are in the appropriate combing position; check the elastic recovery performance of the combing tooth element 45 to ensure that the extension rod 453 and the elastic element 454 can flexibly extend and retract without jamming; replace the worn combing teeth 451 to ensure the combing effect. Then, check whether the heating element 52 of the combustion chamber 5 is working normally, whether the honeycomb channels of the flow uniformizing element 53 are unobstructed, and whether there is no debris blockage; calibrate the installation angle of the nozzle 54 to ensure that its outlet direction is perpendicular to the primary filament conveying trajectory; check whether the heat insulation layer of the bin body 51 is intact to avoid heat loss. Finally, check the collection element 6, clean the residual fibers on the surface of the flow guide plate 61 to ensure that the plate wall is smooth; check the working state of the cooling element 63 to ensure that it can generate stable low-temperature airflow; debug the installation stability of the fixed frame 62 to avoid vibration during operation. After the equipment is checked, start the preheating program of each component: the furnace starts to heat up, gradually increases the temperature of the hearth according to the preset process curve, and prepares for the melting of the raw materials; the heating element 52 of the combustion chamber 5 starts preheating to ensure that it can quickly generate high-temperature airflow later; the cooling element 63 starts in advance to precool the internal space of the collection element 6, laying a foundation for fiber cooling. The natural basalt raw material is pretreated to remove impurities and moisture, and then crushed into granular material of appropriate particle size to ensure uniform heating and melting of the raw material. The pretreated raw material is uniformly fed into the furnace through the feeding device, and the high temperature in the furnace gradually melts the raw material to form a uniform basalt melt. During the melting process, the temperature control system of the furnace monitors the furnace temperature in real time to ensure stable melt temperature and avoid uneven melt viscosity due to temperature fluctuations.

[0025] The molten basalt melt is discharged through the bushing 2 at the bottom end of the furnace. The pore size of the bushing 2 is precisely designed, and the melt flows out of the pore size under the action of gravity to form continuous primary filaments. The discharge speed of the bushing 2 is synchronized with the raw material feeding speed to ensure uniform diameter of the primary filaments and avoid broken filaments or excessive filament diameter fluctuations. The primary filaments discharged from the bushing 2 directly enter the conveying area of the rubber roller 3. The rubber roller 3 precisely controls the speed and roller surface pressure to smoothly pull the primary filaments downward, avoiding winding or deviation of the primary filaments during conveying. The conveying speed of the rubber roller 3 precisely matches the discharge speed of the bushing 2 to ensure that the primary filaments are in a tensioned state without slack. The primary filaments conveyed by the rubber roller 3 enter the combing section 4, first passing through the inclined guide of the guide plate 42 to smoothly enter the combing area inside the frame 41. At this time, the positioning shaft 44 is adjusted to the preset position under the action of the external driving element, and the combing teeth 451 of the combing element 45 form a flexible contact with the primary filaments. The primary filaments pass through two groups of combing elements 45 in parallel and staggered, and the combing teeth 451 separate the slightly entangled filaments through elastic force to ensure that each primary filament is independently separated. During the combing process, the elastic structure composed of the extension rod 453 and the elastic element 454 adaptively adjusts the extension amount to maintain stable contact pressure according to the thickness fluctuations of the primary filaments, avoiding damage to the filaments. The combed primary filaments are guided out through the positioning slot of the guide plate 43, maintaining a strict parallel and orderly posture, and smoothly entering the subsequent combustion chamber 5. The combed primary filaments enter the action area of the combustion chamber 5, and the heating element 52 of the combustion chamber 5 has generated a stable high-temperature gas flow. The high-temperature gas flow is regularized through multiple stages of flow guide of the flow uniformizing element 53 to form a uniform laminar flow state. The uniformized high-temperature gas flow is directed out through the slit-type flat nozzle 54 and vertically acts on the surface of the parallel arranged primary filaments. The high-temperature gas flow softens and melts the primary filaments again, ensuring that the filaments have good tensile properties. On the other hand, the high-speed kinetic energy of the gas flow generates a pulling force along the length direction on the primary filaments in the molten / semi-molten state, stretching and refining the primary filaments to form ultra-fine fibers. The width of the nozzle 54 is greater than the width of the primary filament arrangement to ensure that all primary filaments are fully covered by the high-temperature gas flow, achieving uniform stretching and avoiding local insufficient stretching. The ultra-fine fibers formed by flame blowing and stretching directly enter the inside of the collecting device 6, and under the guidance of the flow guide plate 61, the fibers are stably transported downward, avoiding the formation of vortex or turbulence of airflow inside the collecting device 6. The cooling device 63 on the fixed frame 62 generates uniform low-temperature airflow, rapidly cools the ultra-fine fibers in the transportation process, rapidly solidifies the glass structure of the fibers, locks the ultra-fine diameter characteristics, and avoids the fusion of the fibers due to high-temperature residues. The cooled ultra-fine fibers continue to be transported downward under the traction of airflow, and finally complete the laying and collection at the bottom of the collecting device 6. Due to the stable guidance of the flow guide plate 61 and the uniform cooling of the cooling device 63, the fibers are uniformly laid in a single fiber state, forming a primary cotton felt with regular structure and uniform bulkiness. During the collection process, the collection speed and cooling intensity can be adjusted according to product requirements to realize precise control of the thickness and performance of the cotton felt. The primary cotton felt collected and shaped undergoes subsequent cutting, compaction and other post-processing procedures to form basalt ultra-fine fiber cotton products that meet the specification requirements. After the finished products are detected and qualified, they are stored in the warehouse, and unqualified products are returned to the raw material pretreatment link for reuse. After the production task is completed, the equipment shutdown program is started. First, stop the raw material feeding, gradually cool down the furnace to avoid damage to the furnace caused by high-temperature sudden drop; the heating device 52 of the combustion chamber 5 stops working and naturally cools down; the cooling device 63 continues to operate for a period of time until the temperature inside the collecting device 6 drops to room temperature and then stops. After shutdown, all components are thoroughly cleaned to remove residual melt, fibers and other impurities, and the wear condition of the components is checked to prepare for the next production. Due to the disorderly arrangement of the wire in the traditional production device, the airflow in the combustion chamber 5 is uneven, resulting in large fiber diameter dispersion and obvious product performance fluctuations. The self-adaptive combing design of the wire combing part 4 of the device makes the primary wire enter the combustion chamber 5 in a strictly parallel and orderly state, and the uniform flow blowing design of the uniform flow device 53 and the slit nozzle 54 ensures that the heat and stretching force received by each primary wire are completely consistent, solving the problem of uneven fiber diameter from the source. After optimization, the diameter consistency of ultra-fine fibers is greatly improved, avoiding the situation of some fibers being too thick or too thin, and the fluctuation range of the core performance of the product such as filtration efficiency and thermal insulation performance is significantly reduced. Whether used for high-end filtration materials or aerospace thermal insulation materials, it can maintain stable use effect and meet the strict requirements of high-end fields for product performance consistency. The superfine fibers are prone to agglomeration in the collection process due to their large specific surface area and high surface energy, resulting in low collection efficiency and serious raw material loss. The device optimizes the structure in multiple ways to suppress the agglomeration phenomenon from the source: the precise combing of the combing part 4 allows the first silk to be separated independently, reducing the contact probability between the silk materials; the uniform stretching of the combustion chamber 5 makes the fiber performance uniform, reducing the agglomeration tendency caused by the difference in surface energy; the inclined guide plate 61 of the collection part 6 avoids airflow vortex, and the uniform cooling of the cooling part 63 reduces the difference in fiber surface energy, further suppressing agglomeration. These optimization measures work together to allow the fibers to be transported and laid smoothly in a single silk state during the collection process, significantly reducing agglomeration and greatly improving collection efficiency. The raw material loss rate is significantly reduced, production resources are fully utilized, the production cost per unit of product is effectively reduced, and the economic benefits of the enterprise are improved. The fiber cotton produced by traditional production devices has problems such as uneven loft and loose structure, affecting its core functions such as heat insulation and adsorption. The device ensures uniform fiber laying through the integrated design of the collection part 6 and the stable guidance of the guide plate 61, and the uniform cooling of the cooling part 63 makes the fiber structure stable, and the structure of the formed cotton felt is regular and the loft is uniform and consistent. The uniform and fluffy structure of the cotton felt makes it have more excellent heat insulation performance and can effectively block heat transfer; at the same time, the uniform microstructure improves the adsorption capacity and efficiency of the material, expanding the application scenarios of the product. In addition, the uniformity of the fiber diameter and the regularity of the cotton felt structure also improve the mechanical strength of the product, prolong its service life, and further enhance the market competitiveness of the product. Traditional devices are prone to failure and downtime due to poor component synergy, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale continuous production. The device uses a modular and collaborative structure design, with precise matching between components, small vibration and high stability during operation. The modular design of the combing part 4 facilitates maintenance and reduces downtime; the high-temperature-resistant material and heat insulation design of the combustion chamber 5 ensure the stability of long-term high-temperature operation; the simple structure of the collection part 6 reduces the failure rate. At the same time, the device has high automation, with precise control of process parameters through temperature control systems and drive systems, reducing manual intervention and avoiding production interruptions caused by human errors. The optimized device can achieve long-term continuous and stable production, adapt to large-scale production needs, and greatly improve production efficiency, providing strong support for enterprise capacity expansion and cost reduction.

[0026] The traditional production device can only adapt to the production of a single specification of fiber, and a large amount of time and effort is required to reform the equipment when the product specification is changed. The device can adapt to the need of combing the primary silk of different thickness and different number through the precise adjustment structure of the silk combing part 4, the flexible adjustment of the position of the combing tooth part 45 realized by the gear 445-toothed plate 444 transmission design of the positioning shaft 44, and the modular design of the combing tooth part 45. The production of different diameter ultrafine fibers can be realized by adjusting the airflow parameters through the nozzle 54 of the combustion chamber 5, the width of which is greater than the arrangement width of the primary silk. The cooling strength and the collection speed of the collection part 6 can be precisely controlled to realize the production of different thickness and different gram weight cotton felt.

[0027] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements will not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A process for producing basalt microfiber cotton, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Natural basalt ore is fed into the furnace through an automatic feeder. The furnace uses molybdenum electrodes to generate heat, which gradually melts the basalt raw material. The electrode current and copper busbar heating current are adjusted in real time by a temperature controller to ensure that the melt temperature meets the requirements of the wire drawing process. S2. Molten basalt flows out from the perforator (2) of the wire drawing device to form a primary wire, which is then guided and smoothly transported by a pair of rubber rollers (3) driven by a motor to the combustion chamber (5) of the wire drawing device. S3, The high-temperature and high-speed airflow generated by the combustion chamber (5) nozzle of the drawing device acts vertically on the primary fiber, causing it to soften, melt and stretch again, ultimately forming ultrafine fiber; S4. The formed microfibers are rapidly cooled and collected to prepare for subsequent packaging processes.

2. A basalt ultrafine fiber cotton drawing device, characterized in that, include: The components include a sprue (2), a rubber roller (3), a combing section (4), and a combustion chamber (5). The lower end of the sprue (2) is provided with a rubber roller (3) for conveying primary yarn, and the lower end of the rubber roller (3) is provided with a combing section (4). The combing section (4) includes an inlet plate (42) for guiding the primary yarn feeding. A frame (41) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the inlet plate (42). Positioning shafts (44) are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the frame (41). Comb teeth (45) are arranged on opposite sides of the two sets of positioning shafts (44). The two sets of comb teeth (45) are arranged in a vertically parallel and horizontally staggered manner. An outlet plate (43) is arranged at the lower end of the frame (41).

3. The basalt ultrafine fiber cotton drawing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The comb component (45) includes a fixed base plate (455) detachably connected to the outer wall of the positioning shaft (44). A telescopic rod (453) is provided at the middle of the other end of the fixed base plate (455). The other end of the telescopic rod (453) is fixedly connected to a fixed cover plate (452). A combing tooth (451) is provided at the other end of the fixed cover plate (452). The end of the combing tooth (451) away from the fixed cover plate (452) adopts a hemispherical design.

4. The basalt ultrafine fiber cotton drawing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the fixed cover plate (452) is equal in size to the outer wall of the fixed base plate (455). The fixed cover plate (452) is symmetrically provided with elastic elements (454) with the telescopic rod (453) as the center at one end near the fixed base plate (455).

5. The basalt ultrafine fiber cotton drawing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning shaft (44) is symmetrically fixed with fixing rods (442) at both ends. One of the fixing rods (442) has a spring (443) sleeved on its outer wall. The other end of the fixing rod (442) is fixedly connected to a toothed plate (444). The top of the toothed plate (444) is meshed with a gear (445). The outer end of the gear (445) is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (446). The connecting rod (446) is connected to a driving component installed on the outside of the frame (41).

6. The basalt ultrafine fiber cotton drawing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (5) is located on the side below the outlet plate (43). The combustion chamber (5) includes a chamber body (51). A heating element (52) for generating high-temperature airflow is provided inside the chamber body (51). A flow equalization element (53) is provided at the outlet of the chamber body (51). The flow equalization element (53) consists of three flow equalization plates. Each of the three flow equalization plates has a honeycomb-shaped gradient aperture.

7. The basalt ultrafine fiber cotton drawing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flow equalizer (53) is provided with a nozzle (54) at the end away from the chamber (51). The nozzle (54) adopts a slit-type flat design and the width of the nozzle (54) is greater than the width of the primary yarn arrangement.

8. The basalt ultrafine fiber cotton drawing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A collection component (6) is provided on the lower side of the combustion chamber (5). A guide plate (61) with an inclined design is provided on the inner wall of the collection component (6). A fixing frame (62) is provided on the top of the collection component (6). Cooling components (63) are provided at equal intervals on the side of the fixing frame (62) near the guide plate (61).

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