Spraying device based on tunnel primary support and spraying method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a spraying device based on tunnel primary support and a spraying method thereof, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction.The spraying device comprises a bottom table, crawler belts are arranged on the two sides of the lower portion of the bottom table, an intelligent spraying mechanism is arranged above the bottom table, a material storage barrel is arranged on one side of the intelligent spraying mechanism, and a screening mechanism is arranged in the material storage barrel; a recycling mechanism is arranged on one side of the bottom table, a movable electric rail is arranged on one side of the recycling mechanism, a plurality of sets of movable cleaning mechanisms are arranged on one side of the movable electric rail, each set of movable cleaning mechanism is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the bottom table, and the spraying method comprises the steps that S1, a sprayed face is cleaned; s2, pre-starting the device; s3, spraying operation is carried out; and S4, equipment maintenance is conducted, specifically, the position of a spray head is adjusted in real time through an intelligent spraying mechanism, it is ensured that the spray head is perpendicular to a sprayed face, a screening mechanism limits the particle size of concrete aggregate through rollers, the material purity is ensured, a recovery mechanism feeds rebound materials into a storage barrel again for secondary screening and use, and the rebound rate of vault concrete is reduced in cooperation with a waste formwork.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a spraying device and spraying method based on the initial support of a tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel engineering includes sub-projects such as initial support, drainage and waterproofing, and secondary lining. Among them, initial support is an important component of tunnel engineering, and the quality control of shotcrete construction is the key and difficult point of initial support construction. In the current project construction, the average rebound rate of the initial support concrete is too high, which not only wastes materials, but also delays the construction period and increases construction costs.

[0003] The prior art (CN118462230A) discloses a device and method for controlling the rebound of shotcrete in tunnel initial support, belonging to the technical field of shotcrete rebound control in tunnels. It includes: a bedrock layer; a bushing rod, which is inserted into the bedrock layer, with a grid arch frame installed between the inner walls of the bushing rod; a flatbed cart, which is installed between the inner walls of the grid arch frame; a partition arch plate, which is fixedly connected to the top of the flatbed cart and located between the inner walls of the grid arch frame; and a nozzle, which is installed between the grid arch frame and the partition arch plate. However, research has found the following technical problems: traditional shotcrete devices lack intelligent control of the nozzle angle relative to the sprayed surface, causing the nozzle position to change during construction to increase the rebound rate; there is a lack of concrete aggregate particle size screening; and the rebound material collection method is inappropriate, lacking treatment of ground rebound material, resulting in large rebound of the arch concrete.

[0004] In response to the aforementioned technologies, a solution is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a jetting device and jetting method for tunnel initial support to solve the technical problems in the prior art where the jetting angle is difficult to maintain vertically and the rebound material collection method is inappropriate.

[0006] Firstly, the jetting device based on initial tunnel support provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A spraying device for initial tunnel support includes a base platform. The base platform has tracks on both sides below it, an intelligent spraying mechanism on top of it, a conveying pump on one side of the intelligent spraying mechanism, a storage bin on one side of the conveying pump, a screening mechanism inside the storage bin, a waste bin on one side of the storage bin, a conveying pipe on one side of the outer wall of the storage bin, a recycling mechanism below the conveying pipe, a moving electric rail on one side of the recycling mechanism, and a moving cleaning mechanism on one side of the moving electric rail. Several groups of moving cleaning mechanisms are arranged, with each group evenly distributed along the circumference of the base platform.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, tracks are installed on both sides of the base platform, enabling the entire equipment to move flexibly in complex terrain and adapt to different construction environments. During construction, the base platform enters the work area via the tracks. An intelligent spraying mechanism is installed above the base platform to perform spraying operations on the initial protection sprayed surface of the tunnel. To ensure a continuous supply of materials during spraying, a conveying pump is equipped on one side of the intelligent spraying mechanism, and a storage bin is placed next to the conveying pump to store the materials to be sprayed. To further improve the quality of the materials, a screening mechanism is specially designed inside the storage bin, which can automatically remove large-diameter aggregates from the concrete aggregate, ensuring that only qualified materials are sent to subsequent processes. In addition, considering that some non-compliant or surplus materials may be generated in actual operation, a waste bin is also provided next to the storage bin for easy collection and proper disposal of these wastes. The materials from the storage bin are conveyed to the intelligent spraying mechanism for use via the conveying pump. A recycling mechanism is also added below the conveying pipe, which can effectively capture and recycle excess materials that have not successfully adhered to the ground in the work area, reducing waste and keeping the construction site clean. Finally, to maintain the good operating condition of the equipment... To maintain optimal operating condition and extend service life, several sets of mobile electric rails are arranged around the base platform. Each set of rails is equipped with a mobile cleaning mechanism. These mobile cleaning mechanisms move evenly along the circumference of the base platform during spraying to clean up the rebound material on the ground. The tracked design in this structure allows the device to operate stably under various complex geological conditions, greatly expanding its applicability. The intelligent spraying mechanism, combined with a highly efficient conveying system, achieves rapid and accurate material transfer and application, significantly shortening operation time. The built-in screening mechanism ensures that only high-quality raw materials enter the final process. Simultaneously, the precisely controlled spraying process ensures uniform coating thickness, enhancing structural strength and durability. Dedicated waste collection points and material recycling facilities reduce resource consumption and environmental pollution risks. Furthermore, the surrounding automatic cleaning system simplifies daily maintenance, reduces the need for manual intervention, and improves overall operational efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, the intelligent spraying mechanism includes a nozzle, a data sensor, a worktable, a telescopic rod, a support rod, a movable platform, a lead screw, and a motor. The data sensor is located below the nozzle, and the worktable is located below the data sensor. A telescopic rod is located on one side of the bottom of the worktable, and a support rod is located on one side of the telescopic rod. A movable platform is located at the bottom of the support rod, and a lead screw is located at the bottom of the movable platform. The movable platform can move horizontally along the lead screw. A motor is located at the top of the movable platform, and one side of the motor is connected to the telescopic rod. Thus, the motor drives the telescopic rod to rotate the worktable vertically along the support rod.

[0010] By adopting the above scheme, a nozzle is installed at the very front of the intelligent spraying mechanism. This nozzle is directly responsible for uniformly applying material to the tunnel wall. Adjacent to the nozzle is a data sensor. The main function of this sensor is to monitor various parameters during the spraying process in real time and feed the collected information back to the control system so that the spraying state can be adjusted in a timely manner to ensure coating quality. The equipped data sensor can continuously monitor and record key variables during the spraying process, and automatically adjust relevant settings after analysis using advanced algorithms, greatly improving the consistency and reliability of the finished product. Next is the worktable, which serves as the basic platform supporting the entire spraying unit. It not only supports the aforementioned components but also achieves position adjustment via a telescopic rod connected to its bottom. The telescopic rod is further connected to adjacent support rods, providing necessary stability for the entire structure. In addition, a movable base is provided at the bottom of the support rods, allowing the entire mechanism to be adjusted according to... The device can be moved horizontally as needed, a flexibility that is particularly important for covering large areas or irregularly shaped surfaces. This design employs a multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism, allowing the equipment to easily handle spraying needs under various complex working conditions, effectively processing both straight sections and curved areas. Finally, located at the top of the moving platform is the No. 1 motor, which is connected to the telescopic rod via a transmission device. When the motor starts, its speed can be controlled to drive the telescopic rod to move up and down, thereby rotating the worktable and changing the positional relationship of the nozzle relative to the tunnel wall to achieve full coverage. The reasonable mechanical layout and the selection of high-quality materials ensure that the components fit tightly without excessive wear, thus effectively extending the service life of the entire machine. The optimized drive system can minimize energy consumption while ensuring sufficient power output, meeting the current trend of green and environmentally friendly development.

[0011] Preferably, the screening mechanism includes a moving track, a limiting bearing, rollers, a second lead screw, and an electric brush head. Moving tracks are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the storage bin. A limiting bearing is provided on the outer wall of the moving track. A roller is provided on one side of the limiting bearing. Several groups of rollers are provided, and each group of rollers is evenly arranged along the horizontal direction of the moving track. The distance between two groups of rollers can be changed by adjusting the position of the limiting bearing on the moving track. A second lead screw is provided above the rollers, and an electric brush head is provided on the outer wall of the second lead screw. The electric brush head can move horizontally along the rollers, allowing residual material on the outer wall of the rollers to enter the waste bin.

[0012] By adopting the above scheme, moving tracks are installed on both sides of the inner wall of the storage tank. These tracks provide a stable support platform for subsequent components. Next, limit bearings are installed on the outer wall of each moving track. Their main function is to fix and guide the positional changes of the rollers. One or more rollers are arranged next to each limit bearing. These rollers are arranged in groups and evenly distributed horizontally along their respective moving tracks. By adjusting the specific position of the limit bearings relative to the moving tracks, the distance between adjacent groups of rollers can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to the screening needs of particles of different sizes. The use of multiple sets of adjustable-gap rollers allows for rapid changes in filtration accuracy according to actual needs, meeting the material separation requirements in different scenarios. An electric brush head automatically removes impurities from the roller surface, avoiding secondary contamination problems that may be caused by manual intervention and ensuring the quality of the input to the intelligent spraying machine. The materials used in the structure are always kept in optimal condition. A second lead screw runs through the entire structure above all the rollers. This lead screw not only connects the various parts but, more importantly, carries a crucial functional component—the electric brush head. When the second lead screw rotates, the electric brush head moves horizontally along the roller surface. This design allows the electric brush head to effectively clean residual materials adhering to the outside of the rollers and push them into a specially designated waste bin for collection. This ensures that only materials meeting the standard requirements can proceed to the next process, greatly improving the quality of the final product. The entire screening process is highly automated, reducing reliance on the skill level of operators, lowering training costs and the probability of errors. The rejected non-conforming materials are collected in the waste bin for later recycling and reprocessing, aligning with the current concept of sustainable development.

[0013] Preferably, the recycling mechanism includes a housing, a first conveyor belt, an uphill conveyor belt, a second conveyor belt, and a second motor. One side of the housing is connected to the base platform. A first conveyor belt is arranged on one side of the interior of the housing. An uphill conveyor belt is arranged on one side of the first conveyor belt. The uphill conveyor belt is L-shaped. A baffle is arranged on one side of the outer wall of the uphill conveyor belt. Several sets of baffles are arranged, and each set of baffles is evenly distributed along the circumference of the uphill conveyor belt. Stable rollers are arranged on both sides of the bend of the outer wall of the uphill conveyor belt. A second conveyor belt is arranged on the side of the uphill conveyor belt away from the first conveyor belt. The second conveyor belt has the opposite conveying direction to the first conveyor belt. The recycling mechanism is connected to the interior of the storage bin through the second conveyor belt. A second motor is arranged on the side of the housing away from the uphill conveyor belt.

[0014] By adopting the above scheme, an outer shell is installed on the base platform, providing the necessary physical space for the entire recycling system. By setting up a dedicated recycling mechanism for collecting and reusing waste materials, the demand for new materials is greatly reduced, lowering engineering costs and promoting environmental protection. Next, a primary conveyor belt is arranged on one side inside the outer shell. The main task of this conveyor belt is to collect excess material that has not successfully adhered to the tunnel surface from the working area and transport it to the designated location. To achieve this goal, an L-shaped uphill conveyor belt is specially designed to connect to the primary conveyor belt. This special shape helps overcome the effects of gravity, ensuring that the material can rise smoothly without slipping back to its original position. Stabilizing rollers are installed on both sides of the bends in the outer wall of the uphill conveyor belt. These rollers provide additional support when the material passes through the turning point, preventing the accumulation of materials due to speed changes. In addition to preventing damage, multiple sets of baffles are evenly distributed along the circumference of the uphill conveyor belt. Their presence can effectively restrict the material flow path, reduce scattering, and ensure a smoother and more efficient process. After the material has been initially cleaned, it will be transferred to another conveyor belt, the No. 2 conveyor belt, which is set in the opposite direction to the No. 1 conveyor belt. Finally, all the recycled material will be recycled back into the storage bin through this channel. It is worth noting that a powerful power source, the No. 2 motor, is also configured in the entire system. It is responsible for driving all the above-mentioned transmission devices to ensure that each link works closely together without any gaps. The highly automated design scheme makes the entire recycling process almost impossible to complete without human intervention, which significantly improves the construction speed and accuracy, and effectively cleans up the rebound material on the ground and reduces the rebound rate of the arch concrete.

[0015] Preferably, the movable electric rails are connected end-to-end along the circumference of the base platform. The movable cleaning mechanism includes a connecting column, a cleaning shovel, a reset ring, a spring, and arc-shaped protrusions. A cleaning shovel is provided on one side of the connecting column, a reset ring is provided inside the cleaning shovel, a spring is provided on one side of the reset ring, and arc-shaped protrusions are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the cleaning shovel. A stationary post is provided on the contact surface between the recycling mechanism and the movable electric rails. The movable cleaning mechanism moves at a constant speed on the movable electric rails. When the movable cleaning mechanism moves to the position of the recycling mechanism, the cleaning shovel rotates along the connecting column under the combined action of the arc-shaped protrusions and the stationary post, allowing the material in the cleaning shovel to enter the first conveyor belt of the recycling mechanism. When the movable cleaning mechanism continues to move along the movable electric rails, the arc-shaped protrusions move away from the stationary post, allowing the cleaning shovel to reset under the combined action of the reset ring and the spring.

[0016] By adopting the above scheme, a series of movable electric rails connected end-to-end along the circumference of the base platform are installed, providing the necessary physical space for the entire cleaning system. Then, a movable cleaning mechanism that can move at a constant speed along the rails is set on the movable electric rails. When the movable cleaning mechanism moves to the position of the recycling mechanism, the cleaning shovel rotates along the connecting column under the combined action of the arc-shaped protrusion and the stationary pile, allowing the material in the cleaning shovel to enter the first conveyor belt of the recycling mechanism. This design makes the cleaning process more efficient and precise. Furthermore, to ensure that the cleaning shovel can successfully complete its task and return to its initial state for the next use, we have also specially designed a reset mechanism. Specifically, a reset ring is set inside the cleaning shovel, and within the reset ring... A spring is installed on one side. When the mobile cleaning mechanism continues to move along the moving rail, the arc-shaped protrusion will move away from the stationary pile. At this time, the cleaning shovel will be reset by the combined action of the reset ring and the spring. In this way, the operation can be smooth and unobstructed during both material collection and discharge. The above design adopts a highly automated design scheme, which makes the entire cleaning process almost without human intervention, significantly improving the construction speed and accuracy. Since all components are connected by standardized interfaces, it is more convenient and faster for daily maintenance or troubleshooting. At the same time, it effectively avoids the dust problems that may occur under traditional manual cleaning methods, providing a cleaner and safer working condition for on-site workers.

[0017] Secondly, the spraying method based on a spraying device for initial tunnel support provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0018] A spraying method based on a spraying device for initial tunnel support, the method comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Cleaning of the sprayed surface: Dust is removed from the sprayed surface, rock debris is removed from the sprayed surface, and then the sprayed surface is washed with high-pressure air and water. After cleaning, waste templates are laid on the ground in the construction work area.

[0020] S2. Device pre-start: Start the No. 1 motor, adjust the initial angle and distance between the nozzle and the sprayed surface, and then use the data sensor to make the nozzle adjust in real time to keep it perpendicular to the sprayed surface. At the same time, the moving cleaning mechanism below begins to move around the moving electric rail.

[0021] S3. Spraying operation: The spraying surface inside the tunnel is divided into sections and pieces, and the operation is carried out in the order of bottom to top, first the wall and then the arch. During the operation, the mobile cleaning mechanism cleans up the rebound material on the ground and transports it into the recycling mechanism. The recycling mechanism then sends the rebound material into the storage bucket, and the screening mechanism performs secondary screening for use.

[0022] S4. Equipment Maintenance: After the operation is completed, turn off the No. 1 motor to allow the nozzle to return to its original position naturally. Use the electric brush head to clean the waste material on the surface of the internal roller and put it into the waste bin. At the same time, check the surface of the mobile cleaning mechanism. If there is any material residue, clean it up in time. Then, move the device out of the work area by the track and carry out the removal of the old templates on the ground.

[0023] By adopting the above-mentioned scheme, the surface to be sprayed must be thoroughly cleaned before the spraying operation begins. This step mainly includes using high-pressure air and water washing technology to remove dust and loose materials from the surface, and removing obstacles such as rock debris that may affect the spraying effect. After completing these preparatory work, in order to protect the construction site from pollution and facilitate subsequent operations, it is also necessary to lay waste templates as temporary protective measures in the construction area. This process is crucial to ensuring the uniform adhesion of the final coating. Next is the equipment debugging stage. The No. 1 motor is turned on to activate the entire system, and the optimal angle and distance of the nozzle relative to the surface to be treated are adjusted according to actual needs. Using advanced data sensor technology, the nozzle position can be monitored and fine-tuned in real time to ensure that it is always perpendicular to the working surface, thereby achieving the best coverage effect. At the same time, the electric rail with the mobile cleaning mechanism installed at the bottom also starts to operate, ready to respond to the ground cleaning task at any time. Then, following the principle of spraying from bottom to top, first the walls and then the arch, the areas to be treated are sprayed in sections and sections. During this process, the mobile cleaning unit will continuously patrol the site, automatically collect the rebound material scattered on the ground, and transport it to the recycling unit. After preliminary treatment, the material will be sent back to the storage bin for reuse. In addition, a screening mechanism is also provided to further optimize the quality of raw materials, ensuring that only particles that meet the standard requirements can be used for the next cycle. When all the scheduled tasks are completed, the No. 1 motor should be stopped immediately, and the nozzle should be returned to its initial state. Then, the operator should carefully check whether the electric brush head is clean and free of residue. If necessary, any stuck or adhered material can be manually removed. The final step is to move the entire device out of the work area and remove the previously laid protective template. This not only helps to keep the construction site clean and orderly, but also creates good conditions for subsequent processes.

[0024] Preferably, in step S3, during the spraying operation, the nozzle makes repeated slow spiral movements perpendicular to the sprayed surface, with a spiral diameter of 40cm, and the nozzle maintains a distance of 1.2m from the sprayed surface through the data sensor, and the air pressure of the spraying device is controlled at 5-9MPa.

[0025] By adopting the above scheme and this specific mode, the coating can be more evenly distributed on the target surface, reducing the possibility of missed areas. Maintaining a constant working distance using advanced sensing technology helps to achieve consistent and high-quality surface treatment results. At the same time, setting the air pressure level can not only effectively remove old paint layers or other contaminants, but also prevent substrate damage or excessive energy consumption due to excessive pressure. Through carefully designed motion trajectory and precise distance management, the appearance and durability of the final product are significantly enhanced. Precisely controlled air pressure settings ensure that each spray achieves the expected results without additional repetition, thereby saving valuable time and material costs. Furthermore, the selection of a reasonable working pressure range reduces equipment failure rate and the resulting safety risks.

[0026] Preferably, in step S3, during the first concrete spraying by the nozzle, the thickness of the sidewall concrete spraying is 10cm; the thickness of the arch concrete spraying is 8cm. After the first concrete spraying has set, the second spraying is carried out. Subsequent layers of concrete spraying are all carried out after the first concrete spraying, until the nozzle re-sprays to the designed thickness. The nozzle updates the distance to the sprayed surface in real time through the data sensor and drives the moving platform to move back and forth on the outer wall of the first lead screw.

[0027] By adopting the above scheme, the multi-stage gradual thickening method can effectively prevent problems such as uneven material distribution or structural instability caused by a large amount of injection at once. Advanced sensing technology ensures that the nozzle is always at the optimal working height, avoiding waste caused by excessive height or depth, and improving the flatness of the final product. Furthermore, by controlling the position of the moving platform, it can adapt to working surfaces of different shapes, making it easy to handle even complex curved surfaces. At the same time, the layer-by-layer construction method in a specific order helps to form a good bonding force between each layer, thereby significantly improving the overall load-bearing capacity and durability. The highly automated design reduces the need for manual intervention and improves work efficiency.

[0028] Preferably, in step S3, the cleaning shovel is adjusted to contact the waste template before construction. During the operation, the cleaning shovel cleans the rebound material on the waste template and cleans the ground of the work area at a uniform speed through the moving electric rail.

[0029] By adopting the above method, the blade made of hard material can be directly and gently touched to the surface of the object to be treated, which can more effectively remove stubborn stains without damaging the substrate itself. The constant speed of movement not only helps to maintain the consistency of the final result, but also avoids vibration problems caused by excessive speed changes. The specially designed route map guides the direction of movement, ensuring that no blind spots are missed, thereby achieving the best cleaning effect. At the same time, timely removal of scattered materials helps to maintain a clean and orderly state of the construction site, and reducing the amount of rebound material on the ground can also effectively reduce the rebound rate of the arch concrete.

[0030] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0031] 1. The intelligent spraying mechanism adjusts the nozzle position in real time through data sensors to ensure that the nozzle is always perpendicular to the sprayed surface, thereby improving the uniformity and accuracy of the spray.

[0032] 2. The automatic moving platform and telescopic rod design enable the nozzle to rotate vertically, expanding the spray range and reducing the complexity of manual operation;

[0033] 3. The screening mechanism, through an electric brush head and adjustable limit bearing, can effectively clean residual materials on the roller surface, preventing concrete aggregate particles from becoming too large and thus ensuring the purity of the sprayed material;

[0034] 4. The recycling organization sends the rebound material back into the storage bin for secondary screening and reuse, which improves the utilization rate of materials. At the same time, it reduces the amount of rebound material on the ground by using waste formwork, thereby effectively reducing the rebound rate of the arch concrete. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a jetting device based on the initial support of a tunnel, as described in this application.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall side view of a jetting device based on the initial support of a tunnel, as described in this application.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the storage hopper in this application;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the mobile cleaning facility of this application;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the mobile cleaning mechanism of this application;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the intelligent injection mechanism of this application;

[0041] Figure 7This is a flowchart of a spraying method based on a spraying device for initial tunnel support, as described in this application.

[0042] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Base platform; 2. Track; 3. Intelligent spraying mechanism; 301. Nozzle; 302. Data sensor; 303. Workbench; 304. Telescopic rod; 305. Support rod; 306. Moving platform; 307. Lead screw No. 1; 308. Motor No. 1; 4. Conveying pump; 5. Storage bin; 6. Screening mechanism; 601. Moving track; 602. Limit bearing; 603. Roller; 604. Lead screw No. 2; 605. Electric brush head 7. Waste bin; 8. Conveying pipe; 9. Recycling mechanism; 901. Outer shell; 902. Conveyor belt No. 1; 903. Uphill conveyor belt; 9031. Baffle; 9032. Stabilizing roller; 904. Conveyor belt No. 2; 905. Motor No. 2; 10. Moving electric rail; 11. Moving cleaning mechanism; 1101. Connecting column; 1102. Cleaning shovel; 1103. Reset ring; 1104. Spring; 1105. Arc protrusion; 12. Stationary pile. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 7 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0044] Example 1: A shotcrete device based on initial tunnel support, referring to... Figure 1 The system includes a base platform 1, with tracks 2 on both sides below the base platform 1, an intelligent spraying mechanism 3 on the top of the base platform 1, a conveying pump 4 on one side of the intelligent spraying mechanism 3, a storage tank 5 on one side of the conveying pump 4, a screening mechanism 6 inside the storage tank 5, a waste bin 7 on one side of the storage tank 5, a conveying pipe 8 on one side of the outer wall of the storage tank 5, a recycling mechanism 9 below the conveying pipe 8, a moving electric rail 10 on one side of the recycling mechanism 9, and a moving cleaning mechanism 11 on one side of the moving electric rail 10. The moving cleaning mechanism 11 consists of several groups, and each group of moving cleaning mechanisms 11 is evenly arranged along the circumference of the base platform 1.

[0045] Specifically, the base platform 1 serves as the foundation platform for the entire spraying device. Made of high-strength steel, the base platform 1 ensures stability even in complex terrain. Tracks 2 are installed on both sides of the base platform 1 to provide a stable moving platform adaptable to different terrain conditions. An intelligent spraying mechanism 3 is installed above the base platform 1. This mechanism automatically adjusts the spraying angle and distance of the nozzles 301 according to a preset program, ensuring that concrete is evenly covered on the tunnel walls. A conveying pump 4 is installed on one side of the intelligent spraying mechanism 3, used to push the concrete in the storage tank 5 through the conveying pipe 8 to the nozzle for spraying. The storage tank 5 is also located on one side of the conveying pump 4, and its internal design includes a screening mechanism 6 to filter out large particles and insufficiently mixed materials, ensuring the quality of the final sprayed concrete. To ensure proper handling of waste generated during construction, a waste bin 7 is specially installed on one side of the storage tank 5 for easy collection and centralized cleaning of these waste materials. Furthermore, a specially designed conveying pipe 8 is connected to one side of the outer wall of the storage tank 5 to transport the prepared concrete into the storage tank 5 for use.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 The intelligent spraying mechanism 3 includes a nozzle 301, a data sensor 302, a worktable 303, a telescopic rod 304, a support rod 305, a movable platform 306, a lead screw 307, and a motor 308. The data sensor 302 is located below the nozzle 301, and the worktable 303 is located below the data sensor 302. The telescopic rod 304 is located on one side of the bottom of the worktable 303, and the support rod 305 is located on one side of the telescopic rod 304. The movable platform 306 is located at the bottom of the support rod 305, and the lead screw 307 is located at the bottom of the movable platform 306. The movable platform 306 can move horizontally along the lead screw 307. The motor 308 is located at the top of the movable platform 306, and one side of the motor 308 is connected to the telescopic rod 304. Thus, the telescopic rod 304 drives the worktable 303 to rotate vertically along the support rod 305 through the drive of the motor 308.

[0047] Specifically, the nozzle 301, data sensor 302, and worktable 303 are first installed in sequence and secured with bolts. The nozzle 301 is made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant stainless steel, model SS-304, to ensure good performance even under prolonged high-temperature operation. The nozzle 301 is designed to be adjustable to adapt to different spraying needs and angles. The data sensor 302 is a high-precision laser rangefinder, model LDM4x, used to monitor the distance between the nozzle 301 and the tunnel wall in real time, ensuring uniform spray thickness. The sensor 302 is installed below the nozzle 301 and fixed by a bracket to ensure measurement accuracy. The worktable 303 is made of lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy, which reduces the overall weight while ensuring structural stability. The worktable 303 has multiple mounting holes for easy fixing and adjustment of other components. Then, the telescopic rod 304 is inserted into the support rod 305. The telescopic rod 304 is an electric push rod. The DT series model features a self-locking function, maintaining its current position even in the event of a power outage, thus enhancing safety. Support rod 305 is made of Q235B carbon steel, heat-treated and chrome-plated for improved wear and corrosion resistance. After adjusting to the appropriate height, support rod 305 is tightened with screws. It is then welded or bolted to the movable platform 306, ensuring its verticality. Finally, lead screw 307 is installed on the base 1. Lead screw 307 is a precision ball screw, characterized by high rigidity, high precision, and low noise. The movable platform 306 is placed on lead screw 307. Motor 308 is mounted on top of the movable platform 306 and connected to the telescopic rod 304 via a transmission device. Motor 308 is a servo motor, MSMA series, known for its fast response and accurate positioning. Motor 308 is connected to the telescopic rod 304 via a coupling, thereby adjusting the angle of the nozzle 301.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The screening mechanism 6 includes a moving track 601, a limiting bearing 602, a roller 603, a second lead screw 604, and an electric brush head 605. The inner walls of the storage tank 5 are provided with moving tracks 601 on both sides. The outer walls of the moving tracks 601 are provided with limiting bearings 602. A roller 603 is provided on one side of the limiting bearing 602. Several sets of rollers 603 are provided, and each set of rollers 603 is evenly arranged along the horizontal direction of the moving track 601. The distance between two sets of rollers 603 can be changed by adjusting the position of the limiting bearing 602 on the moving track 601. A second lead screw 604 is provided above the roller 603. An electric brush head 605 is provided on the outer wall of the second lead screw 604. The electric brush head 605 can be moved along the horizontal direction of the roller 603, so that the residual material on the outer wall of the roller 603 enters the waste bin 7.

[0049] Specifically, during assembly, the moving track 601 is first welded or bolted to the inner wall of the storage bin 5, ensuring its levelness and parallelism. The moving track 601 is made of high-strength wear-resistant steel, specifically 45# steel, with a heat-treated and chrome-plated surface to enhance its wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The moving track 601 is installed on both sides of the inner wall of the storage bin 5, providing a smooth movement path for the limit bearing 602 and rollers 603. Then, the limit bearing 602 is installed and fixed in a preset position. The limit bearing 602 is made of SUS304 stainless steel, possessing excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The limit bearing 602 is used to fix the position of the rollers 603 and, by adjusting its position on the moving track 601, changes the distance between the two sets of rollers 603 to accommodate the screening needs of particles of different sizes. Next, the rollers 603 are installed, and the position of the limit bearing 602 is adjusted as needed to change the spacing between the rollers 603. The rollers 603 are made of nylon, a self-lubricating material. With good wear resistance, it can reduce the adhesion of materials on the surface of roller 603. Roller 603 is designed to be replaceable for quick replacement after wear, ensuring screening efficiency. Each group of rollers 603 is evenly arranged in the horizontal direction along the moving track 601 to ensure that the material can pass through evenly. Then, the second lead screw 604 is installed. The second lead screw 604 is a precision ball screw, model SFU series, similar to the first lead screw 307, with high rigidity, high precision and low noise. It is connected to the electric brush head 605. The electric brush head 605 is driven by a high-speed brushless motor, model BLDC series, with the advantages of long life, high efficiency and low noise. The electric brush head 605 is installed on the second lead screw 604 and can move in the horizontal direction of roller 603. Its function is to remove residual material on the surface of roller 603, prevent blockage, and push this material into the waste bin 7. Finally, the whole system is debugged to ensure that the electric brush head 605 can move accurately along roller 603 and effectively remove residual material.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The recycling mechanism 9 includes a housing 901, a first conveyor belt 902, an uphill conveyor belt 903, a second conveyor belt 904, and a second motor 905. One side of the housing 901 is connected to the base platform 1. The first conveyor belt 902 is installed on one side of the interior of the housing 901. The uphill conveyor belt 903 is installed on one side of the first conveyor belt 902. The uphill conveyor belt 903 is L-shaped. A baffle 9031 is installed on one side of the outer wall of the uphill conveyor belt 903. Several sets of baffles 9031 are provided, and each set of baffles 9031 is 905. 031 is evenly arranged along the circumference of the uphill conveyor belt 903. Stable rollers 9032 are provided on both sides of the bend of the outer wall of the uphill conveyor belt 903. A second conveyor belt 904 is provided on the side of the uphill conveyor belt 903 away from the first conveyor belt 902. The conveying direction of the second conveyor belt 904 is opposite to that of the first conveyor belt 902. The recycling mechanism 9 is connected to the inside of the storage barrel 5 through the second conveyor belt 904. A second motor 905 is provided on the side of the outer shell 901 away from the uphill conveyor belt 903.

[0051] Specifically, during assembly, the outer casing 901 is first welded or bolted to the base 1, ensuring its stability. The outer casing 901 is made of high-strength steel with a powder-coated surface to enhance its corrosion resistance and aesthetics, providing protection and support for the entire recycling mechanism 9. Then, the first conveyor belt 902 and the uphill conveyor belt 903 are installed, and their positions and tensions are adjusted. The first conveyor belt 902 is made of wear-resistant rubber, possessing good elasticity and wear resistance. The uphill conveyor belt 903 is also made of rubber but designed with an L-shaped structure to change direction after lifting the waste to a certain height. The outer wall of the uphill conveyor belt 903 is equipped with baffles 9031 to prevent waste from slipping during transport. The baffles 9031 are made of stainless steel, model SUS304, possessing good corrosion resistance and strength. Each set of baffles 9031 is evenly arranged along the circumference of the uphill conveyor belt 903. The material is fixed to the outer wall by stabilizing rollers 9032 to maintain stability and reduce friction. Then, the second conveyor belt 904 is installed and connected to the inside of the storage bin 5. The second conveyor belt 904 is also made of rubber and its conveying direction is opposite to that of the first conveyor belt 902. It is used to transport waste from the uphill conveyor belt 903 back to the inside of the storage bin 5. The design of the second conveyor belt 904 takes into account the connection method with the storage bin 5 to ensure that the waste can enter the storage bin 5 smoothly. Finally, the second motor 905 is installed and connected to the transmission device of the conveyor belts of the recycling mechanism 9. The second motor 905 is a three-phase asynchronous motor, model Y, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, low noise and long service life. The second motor 905 is installed on the side of the outer shell 901 away from the uphill conveyor belt 903. It is connected to the first conveyor belt 902 and the second conveyor belt 904 through the transmission device to drive the operation of the entire recycling mechanism 9.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 Figure 4 and Figure 5 The movable electric rails 10 are connected end to end along the circumference of the base platform 1. The movable cleaning mechanism 11 includes a connecting column 1101, a cleaning shovel 1102, a reset ring 1103, a spring 1104, and an arc-shaped protrusion 1105. The cleaning shovel 1102 is provided on one side of the connecting column 1101. The reset ring 1103 is provided inside the cleaning shovel 1102. The spring 1104 is provided on one side of the reset ring 1103. Arc-shaped protrusions 1105 are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the cleaning shovel 1102. A stationary post 12 is provided on the contact surface between the recycling mechanism 9 and the movable electric rails 10. The mobile cleaning mechanism 11 moves at a constant speed on the mobile electric rail 10. When the mobile cleaning mechanism 11 moves to the position of the recycling mechanism 9, the cleaning shovel 1102 rotates along the connecting column 1101 under the combined action of the arc protrusion 1105 and the stationary pile 12, so that the material in the cleaning shovel 1102 enters the first conveyor belt 902 of the recycling mechanism 9. When the mobile cleaning mechanism 11 continues to move through the mobile electric rail 10, the arc protrusion 1105 moves away from the stationary pile 12, so that the cleaning shovel 1102 is reset by the combined action of the reset ring 1103 and the spring 1104.

[0053] Specifically, firstly, the movable electric rail 10 is fixed onto the base platform 1, ensuring its flatness and parallelism. The movable electric rail 10 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, which has good corrosion resistance and conductivity. The movable electric rail 10 is connected end to end along the circumference of the base platform 1 to form a closed loop track, providing power and guidance for the movable cleaning mechanism 11. Then, the connecting column 1101 and the cleaning shovel 1102 are installed. The connecting column 1101 is made of stainless steel, which has good corrosion resistance and strength. The connecting column 1101 serves as the supporting structure for the cleaning shovel 1102 and also connects with the movable electric rail 1102. The 0-connection ensures that the cleaning shovel 1102 can move smoothly on the track. During installation, adjust their position and angle. The cleaning shovel 1102 is made of wear-resistant nylon material, which has self-lubricating properties and good wear resistance, reducing material adhesion to the shovel surface. A return ring 1103 is installed inside the cleaning shovel 1102 to limit its rotation range and help it return to its original position when needed. The return ring 1103 is made of spring steel, possessing good elasticity and toughness. The return ring 1103 is installed inside the cleaning shovel 1102 and is controlled by a spring 11. The force applied by spring 1104 keeps it in its initial position or returns it to its initial position. Spring 1104 is a compression spring with high strength and durability. Spring 1104 is installed between the reset ring 1103 and the cleaning shovel 1102. When the cleaning shovel 1102 encounters an obstacle or moves to the position of the recovery mechanism 9, spring 1104 can provide sufficient elastic force to reset it. The arc-shaped protrusion 1105 is a protrusion structure set on both sides of the outer wall of the cleaning shovel 1102. When the moving cleaning mechanism 11 moves to the position of the recovery mechanism 9, the arc-shaped protrusion 1105 contacts the stationary post 12. The cleaning shovel 1102 rotates along the connecting column 1101, pouring the material into the first conveyor belt 902. The stationary pile 12 is made of cast iron, which has good wear resistance and stability. The stationary pile 12 is installed on the contact surface between the recycling mechanism 9 and the moving electric rail 10, and serves as a matching part of the arc protrusion 1105. Together, they work to rotate and reset the cleaning shovel 1102. After the device is assembled, the system is debugged to ensure that the moving cleaning mechanism 11 can move at a constant speed on the moving electric rail 10 and complete the dumping of the material and the reset of the cleaning shovel 1102 when it reaches the designated position.

[0054] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: Tracks 2 are provided on both sides below the base platform 1, which allows the entire equipment to move flexibly in complex terrain and adapt to different construction environments. During construction, the base platform 1 enters the work area via the tracks 2. An intelligent spraying mechanism 3 is installed above the base platform 1 to perform spraying operations on the initial protection sprayed surface of the tunnel. To ensure a continuous supply of materials during the spraying process, a conveying pump 4 is equipped on one side of the intelligent spraying mechanism 3, and a storage tank 5 is placed next to the conveying pump 4 to store the materials to be sprayed. To further improve the quality of the materials, a screening mechanism 6 is specially designed inside the storage tank 5, which can automatically remove large-diameter aggregates from the concrete aggregate, ensuring that only qualified materials are sent to subsequent processes. In addition, considering In actual operation, some non-compliant or surplus materials may be generated. A waste bin 7 is also set up next to the storage bin 5 to facilitate the collection and proper disposal of these wastes. The material from the storage bin 5 is transported to the intelligent spraying mechanism 3 by the conveying pump 4 for use. A recycling mechanism 9 is also added below the conveying pipe 8, which can effectively capture and recycle excess material that has not successfully adhered to the ground of the work area, reduce waste and keep the construction site clean. Finally, in order to maintain the good operating condition of the equipment and extend its service life, several sets of mobile electric rails 10 are arranged around the base platform 1. Each set of electric rails is equipped with a mobile cleaning mechanism 11. These mobile cleaning mechanisms 11 move evenly along the circumference of the base platform 1 during the construction spraying process to clean up the rebound material on the ground.

[0055] Example 2: A spraying method based on a spraying device for initial tunnel support, referring to... Figure 7 The steps of the method are as follows:

[0056] S1. Cleaning of the sprayed surface: Dust is removed from the sprayed surface, rock debris is removed from the sprayed surface, and then the sprayed surface is washed with high-pressure air and water. After cleaning, waste templates are laid on the ground in the construction work area.

[0057] S2. Device pre-start: Start motor 308, adjust the initial angle and distance between nozzle 301 and the sprayed surface, and then use data sensor 302 to make nozzle 301 adjust in real time to keep perpendicular to the sprayed surface. At the same time, the moving cleaning mechanism 11 below starts to move around the moving electric rail 10.

[0058] S3. Spraying operation: The spraying surface inside the tunnel is divided into sections and pieces, and the operation is carried out in the order of bottom to top, first the wall and then the arch. During the operation, the rebound material on the ground is cleaned by the mobile cleaning mechanism 11 and transported into the recycling mechanism 9. The recycling mechanism 9 then sends the rebound material into the storage tank 5, and it is screened by the screening mechanism 6 for secondary screening and use.

[0059] S4. Equipment maintenance: After the operation is completed, turn off motor 308 to allow nozzle 301 to return to its original position. Use electric brush head 605 to clean the waste material on the surface of internal roller 603 and put it into waste bin 7. At the same time, check the surface of mobile cleaning mechanism 11. If there is any material residue, clean it up in time. Move the device out of the work area by track 2 and carry out the removal of waste templates on the ground.

[0060] Specifically, during construction, the sprayed surface of the work area is first treated. The treatment steps are to remove any remaining rock debris, loose stones, or other obstacles that may affect construction. Then, high-pressure air and water are used to wash the sprayed surface, while all exposed broken rocks are removed. Additional reinforcing steel bars are installed at the removed locations. After preparation, the waste template is fixed to the ground of the work area with heavy objects or bolts to collect the concrete rebound material during construction. The device enters the work area via the bottom track 2, starts the first motor 308, and adjusts the initial angle and distance between the nozzle 301 and the sprayed surface. The position of the nozzle 301 is monitored in real time by the data sensor 302 to ensure that it is always perpendicular to the sprayed surface. At the same time, the mobile cleaning mechanism 11 below begins to move around the mobile electric rail 10 to prepare for subsequent spraying operations. During construction, the work is carried out in sections and segments from bottom to top, starting with the walls and then the arches, according to the actual conditions of the sprayed surface inside the tunnel. During the operation, the mobile cleaning mechanism 11 cleans up the rebound material on the ground and transports it into the recycling mechanism 9. The recycled material is fed back into the storage bin 5 through the recycling mechanism 9. After secondary screening by the screening mechanism 6, it can be reused. After the operation is completed, the No. 1 motor 308 is turned off to allow the nozzle 301 to return to its original position naturally. The electric brush head 605 is used to clean the waste material on the surface of the internal roller 603 and put it into the waste bin 7. At the same time, the surface of the mobile cleaning mechanism 11 is inspected. If there is any material residue, it is cleaned up in time. Then, the device is moved out of the work area by the track 2, and the old templates on the ground are dismantled and recycled for the next use.

[0061] Reference Figure 7 In step S3, during the spraying operation, the nozzle 301 moves slowly and repeatedly in a spiral motion perpendicular to the sprayed surface. The spiral diameter is 40cm, and the nozzle 301 maintains a distance of 1.2m from the sprayed surface through the data sensor 302. The air pressure of the spraying device is controlled at 5-9MPa.

[0062] Specifically, the nozzle 301 employs a repetitive, slow spiral motion for spraying. This motion helps to evenly cover the sprayed surface, ensuring consistent material distribution and preventing localized accumulation or omissions. The spiral diameter is set to 40cm. This calculated size ensures both spraying efficiency and meticulous treatment of every part of the sprayed surface. Data sensor 302 monitors and adjusts in real time, maintaining a constant distance of 1.2m between the nozzle 301 and the sprayed surface. This optimized distance ensures effective adhesion of the sprayed material while avoiding material waste due to excessive proximity or affecting the spraying effect due to excessive distance. Simultaneously, the air pressure of the spraying device is strictly controlled between 5-9 MPa. This pressure range ensures the sprayed material has appropriate speed and impact force to achieve good adhesion and structural density. Throughout the spraying process, data sensor 302 not only monitors distance but also key parameters such as air pressure, ensuring they remain within the set ideal range. Any deviation is immediately identified by the system and corrected by adjusting the output of motor 308 or other related equipment to guarantee spraying quality and effectively reduce rebound rate.

[0063] Reference Figure 7 In step S3, during the first concrete spraying of the nozzle 301, the thickness of the sidewall concrete spraying is 10cm and the thickness of the arch concrete spraying is 8cm. After the first concrete spraying has set, the second spraying is carried out. Subsequent layers of concrete spraying are carried out after the first concrete spraying until the nozzle 301 re-sprays to the designed thickness. The nozzle 301 updates the distance to the sprayed surface in real time through the data sensor 302 and drives the moving platform 306 to move back and forth on the outer wall of the first lead screw 307.

[0064] Specifically, in the first concrete spraying, the thickness of the sidewalls is set to 10cm, while the thickness of the arch is 8cm. These thickness values ​​are precisely calculated based on engineering design requirements and actual construction conditions to ensure the strength and stability of the structure. After the first concrete spraying has set, a second spraying is performed; this process is called "re-spraying," and its purpose is to increase the thickness of the concrete layer, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity and durability of the structure. During the re-spraying process, each layer of concrete needs to be sprayed after the previous layer has set to ensure good adhesion between layers. Simultaneously, the nozzle 301 updates its distance to the sprayed surface in real time via the data sensor 302. This is necessary because as the number of concrete layers increases, the nozzle 301 needs to adjust its position accordingly to maintain optimal spraying effect and uniform coating thickness. The data sensor 302 monitors and provides feedback on the distance between the nozzle 301 and the sprayed surface so that the system can automatically adjust.

[0065] Reference Figure 7In step S3, before construction, the cleaning shovel 1102 is adjusted to contact the waste template. During the operation, the cleaning shovel 1102 cleans the rebound material on the waste template and cleans the ground of the work area at a uniform speed through the moving electric rail 10.

[0066] Specifically, before construction, the cleaning shovel 1102 needs to be adjusted to make contact with the waste formwork. This step is necessary because only when the cleaning shovel 1102 is in close contact with the formwork can the rebound material on it be effectively removed. During the adjustment process, the operator will precisely adjust the height and angle of the cleaning shovel 1102 according to the actual position and shape of the formwork to ensure that it can fully cover the surface of the formwork. During the shotcreting process, the cleaning shovel 1102 starts to work, cleaning the rebound material on the waste formwork. At the same time, the cleaning shovel 1102 is installed on the moving electric rail 10, which cleans the ground of the work area at a uniform speed. The design of the moving electric rail 10 allows the cleaning shovel 1102 to move smoothly within the work area, avoiding any missed areas. In addition, uniform movement can ensure the consistency of the cleaning effect and avoid incomplete or over-cleaning caused by uneven speed.

[0067] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: Before starting the spraying operation, the surface to be sprayed must be thoroughly cleaned. This step mainly includes using high-pressure air and water washing technology to remove dust and loose materials from the surface, and removing obstacles such as rock debris that may affect the spraying effect. After completing these preparatory work, in order to protect the construction site from pollution and facilitate subsequent operations, it is also necessary to lay waste templates in the construction area as temporary protective measures. This process is crucial to ensuring uniform adhesion of the final coating. Next is the equipment debugging stage. The No. 1 motor 308 is turned on to activate the entire system, and the optimal angle and distance of the nozzle 301 relative to the surface to be treated are adjusted according to actual needs. Using the technology of advanced data sensor 302, the position of the nozzle 301 can be monitored and fine-tuned in real time to ensure that it is always perpendicular to the working surface, thereby achieving the best coverage effect. At the same time, the mobile electric rail 10, which is equipped with a mobile cleaning mechanism 11 at the bottom, also starts to operate, ready to respond at any time. The cleaning task is performed on the surface; then, following the principle of bottom to top, first the walls and then the arch, the area to be treated is sprayed in sections and sections. During this process, the mobile cleaning mechanism 11 will continuously patrol the site, automatically collect the rebound material scattered on the ground, and transport it to the recycling mechanism 9. After preliminary treatment, the material will be sent back to the storage tank 5 for reuse. In addition, a screening mechanism 6 is also equipped to further optimize the quality of raw materials, ensuring that only particles that meet the standard requirements can be used for the next cycle. When all the scheduled tasks are completed, the operation of motor 308 should be stopped immediately, and the nozzle 301 should be returned to the initial state. Then, the operator should carefully check whether the electric brush head 605 is clean and free of residue. If necessary, any stuck or adhered material can be manually removed. The final step is to move the entire device out of the work area and remove the protective template that was laid out earlier. This not only helps to keep the construction site clean and orderly, but also creates good conditions for subsequent processes.

[0068] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A shotcrete device based on initial tunnel support, comprising a base platform (1), characterized in that, Tracks (2) are provided on both sides below the base (1). An intelligent spraying mechanism (3) is provided above the base (1). A conveying pump (4) is provided on one side of the intelligent spraying mechanism (3). A storage tank (5) is provided on one side of the conveying pump (4). A screening mechanism (6) is provided inside the storage tank (5). A waste bin (7) is provided on one side of the storage tank (5). A conveying pipe (8) is provided on one side of the outer wall of the storage tank (5). A recycling mechanism (9) is provided below the conveying pipe (8). A moving electric rail (10) is provided on one side of the recycling mechanism (9). A moving cleaning mechanism (11) is provided on one side of the moving electric rail (10). Several groups of moving cleaning mechanisms (11) are provided, and each group of moving cleaning mechanisms (11) is evenly arranged along the circumference of the base (1).

2. The jetting device based on initial tunnel support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent spraying mechanism (3) includes a nozzle (301), a data sensor (302), a worktable (303), a telescopic rod (304), a support rod (305), a movable platform (306), a lead screw (307), and a motor (308). A data sensor (302) is located below the nozzle (301), and a worktable (303) is located below the data sensor (302). A telescopic rod (304) is located on one side of the bottom of the worktable (303), and a support rod (305) is located on one side of the telescopic rod (304). The support rod (306)... 5) The bottom is provided with a movable platform (306), and the bottom of the movable platform (306) is provided with a lead screw (307). The movable platform (306) can be displaced in the horizontal direction of the lead screw (307). The top of the movable platform (306) is provided with a motor (308). One side of the motor (308) is connected to the telescopic rod (304), so that the telescopic rod (304) is driven by the motor (308) to drive the worktable (303) to rotate in the vertical direction of the support rod (305).

3. The jetting device based on initial tunnel support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screening mechanism (6) includes a moving track (601), a limiting bearing (602), a roller (603), a second lead screw (604), and an electric brush head (605). The inner walls of the storage tank (5) are provided with moving tracks (601) on both sides. The outer walls of the moving tracks (601) are provided with limiting bearings (602). A roller (603) is provided on one side of the limiting bearing (602). Several sets of rollers (603) are provided, and each set of rollers (603) moves along the moving track (601). The rollers are evenly arranged in the horizontal direction, and the distance between the two sets of rollers (603) can be changed by adjusting the position of the limiting bearing (602) on the moving track (601). A second lead screw (604) is provided above the roller (603), and an electric brush head (605) is provided on the outer wall of the second lead screw (604). The electric brush head (605) can be displaced along the horizontal direction of the roller (603) so that the residual material on the outer wall of the roller (603) enters the waste bin (7).

4. The jetting device based on initial tunnel support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The recycling mechanism (9) includes a housing (901), a first conveyor belt (902), an uphill conveyor belt (903), a second conveyor belt (904), and a second motor (905). One side of the housing (901) is connected to the base (1). The first conveyor belt (902) is arranged on one side of the interior of the housing (901). The uphill conveyor belt (903) is arranged on one side of the first conveyor belt (902). The uphill conveyor belt (903) is L-shaped. A baffle (9031) is arranged on one side of the outer wall of the uphill conveyor belt (903). Several sets of baffles (9031) are arranged, and each set of baffles (904) is... 031) The uphill conveyor belt (903) is evenly arranged along the circumference of the uphill conveyor belt (903). Stable rollers (9032) are provided on both sides of the bend of the outer wall of the uphill conveyor belt (903). A second conveyor belt (904) is provided on the side of the uphill conveyor belt (903) away from the first conveyor belt (902). The conveying direction of the second conveyor belt (904) is opposite to that of the first conveyor belt (902). The recycling mechanism (9) is connected to the interior of the storage barrel (5) through the second conveyor belt (904). A second motor (905) is provided on the side of the outer shell (901) away from the uphill conveyor belt (903).

5. A jetting device based on initial tunnel support according to claim 4, characterized in that, The movable electric rail (10) is connected end to end along the circumference of the base (1). The movable cleaning mechanism (11) includes a connecting column (1101), a cleaning shovel (1102), a reset ring (1103), a spring (1104), and an arc protrusion (1105). The cleaning shovel (1102) is provided on one side of the connecting column (1101). The reset ring (1103) is provided inside the cleaning shovel (1102). The spring (1104) is provided on one side of the reset ring (1103). Arc protrusions (1105) are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the cleaning shovel (1102). A stationary stake (12) is provided on the contact surface between the recycling mechanism (9) and the movable electric rail (10). The mechanism (11) moves at a constant speed on the moving electric rail (10), and when the moving cleaning mechanism (11) moves to the position of the recycling mechanism (9), the cleaning shovel (1102) rotates along the connecting column (1101) under the combined action of the arc protrusion (1105) and the stationary pile (12), so that the material in the cleaning shovel (1102) enters the first conveyor belt (902) of the recycling mechanism (9). When the moving cleaning mechanism (11) continues to move through the moving electric rail (10), the arc protrusion (1105) moves away from the stationary pile (12), so that the cleaning shovel (1102) is reset by the combined action of the reset ring (1103) and the spring (1104).

6. A spraying method for a spraying device based on tunnel initial support, applied to the spraying device based on tunnel initial support as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The steps of the method are as follows: S1. Cleaning of the sprayed surface: Remove dust from the sprayed surface, remove rock debris from the sprayed surface, and then use high-pressure air and water to wash the sprayed surface. After cleaning, lay waste templates on the ground in the construction work area. S2. Device pre-start: Start the No. 1 motor (308), adjust the initial angle and distance between the nozzle (301) and the sprayed surface, and then use the data sensor (302) to make the nozzle (301) adjust in real time to keep perpendicular to the sprayed surface. At the same time, the moving cleaning mechanism (11) below starts to move around the moving electric rail (10). S3. Spraying operation: The spraying surface inside the tunnel is divided into sections and pieces, and the operation is carried out in the order of first the wall and then the arch from bottom to top. During the operation, the rebound material on the ground is cleaned by the mobile cleaning mechanism (11) and transported into the recycling mechanism (9). The rebound material is then sent into the storage bucket (5) by the recycling mechanism (9) and screened for secondary use by the screening mechanism (6). S4. Equipment maintenance: After the operation is completed, turn off the No. 1 motor (308) to allow the nozzle (301) to return to its original position naturally. Use the electric brush head (605) to clean the waste material on the surface of the internal roller (603) into the waste bin (7). At the same time, check the surface of the mobile cleaning mechanism (11). If there is any material residue, clean it up in time. Move the device out of the work area through the track (2) to carry out the removal of the old templates on the ground.

7. The spraying method of a spraying device based on tunnel initial support according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, during the spraying operation, the nozzle (301) moves slowly and repeatedly in a spiral motion perpendicular to the sprayed surface, with a spiral diameter of 40cm. The nozzle (301) maintains a distance of 1.2m from the sprayed surface through the data sensor (302), and the air pressure of the spraying device is controlled at 5-9MPa.

8. The spraying method of a spraying device based on tunnel initial support according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, during the first concrete spraying of the nozzle (301), the thickness of the sidewall concrete spraying is 10cm; the thickness of the arch concrete spraying is 8cm. After the first concrete spraying has set, the second spraying is carried out. The subsequent layer of concrete spraying is carried out after the first concrete spraying until the nozzle (301) re-sprays to the designed thickness. The nozzle (301) updates the distance to the sprayed surface in real time through the data sensor (302) and drives the moving platform (306) to move back and forth on the outer wall of the first lead screw (307).

9. The spraying method of a spraying device based on tunnel initial support according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the cleaning shovel (1102) is adjusted to contact the waste template before construction. During the operation, the cleaning shovel (1102) cleans the rebound material on the waste template and cleans the ground of the work area at a uniform speed through the moving electric rail (10).

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