Gap-adjustable lightning arrester capable of being replaced in live-line mode

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of distribution line lightning protection, and discloses a gap-adjustable lightning arrester capable of being replaced in an electrified manner, which comprises a lightning arrester body, a composite insulator, a telescopic discharge electrode and a telescopic mechanism with reciprocating guiding and self-locking functions. Through cambered surface-tangent line matching and an elastic tongue piece self-locking structure, the lightning arrester can be quickly mounted and dismounted under an electrified condition; through the threaded telescopic adjusting mechanism, the air gap between the telescopic discharge electrodes is changed, so that different discharge gaps are formed at different adjusting positions to meet the operation requirements under different altitude conditions of 1000-4000 m. According to the invention, an integrated structural design is adopted, insulators with different structural heights can be directly replaced, the models of spare parts are reduced, the installation and operation and maintenance processes are simplified, the hot-line work safety and the power supply reliability are improved, and the lightning protection insulator is suitable for maintenance-free lightning protection application scenarios of 10kV overhead lines.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of lightning protection of distribution lines, and particularly relates to a replaceable adjustable gap lightning arrester. BACKGROUND

[0002] 10kV overhead distribution lines are widely distributed in urban and rural areas and mountainous areas, and are one of the most numerous and most complex operating environment components in the distribution network. Such lines are mostly in open environments and are easily affected by lightning overvoltage, operating overvoltage, environmental contamination and other factors, among which the tripping and equipment damage caused by lightning are important reasons affecting the reliable operation of the distribution network. Therefore, configuring line arresters or series gap type lightning protection devices in 10kV overhead lines is one of the common measures in the existing lightning protection technology system of the distribution network.

[0003] In the actual operation process of the distribution line, different regions have significant differences in terms of topographic conditions, climatic conditions and altitude, especially in plateau and high-altitude areas, the air density is reduced, and the discharge characteristics, corona characteristics and insulation level of electrical equipment will change. In order to meet the insulation and lightning protection requirements under different altitude conditions, the current engineering design specification usually selects different creepage distances and structural heights of insulators according to the altitude. For example, different types of line insulators need to be selected within a certain altitude range to ensure the necessary insulation level and safety distance. This method of configuring different specifications of insulators based on altitude zoning has been widely used in engineering practice.

[0004] However, in the case of combined application of lightning protection devices and insulators in distribution lines, the above differentiated configuration method is prone to problems such as multiple types of spare parts and complex models. On the one hand, different altitude regions need to be equipped with insulators and related lightning protection devices with different structural heights and performance parameters, increasing the pressure of material management and inventory; on the other hand, when the line lightning protection device needs to be repaired, replaced or modified, corresponding specifications of insulating components need to be selected according to the specific line conditions, and the on-site adaptability and universality are limited to a certain extent.

[0005] In addition, with the increasing requirements of the reliability of the distribution network and the continuity of power supply, live working is increasingly applied in the operation and maintenance of distribution lines. In the process of replacing the arrester or related devices of the existing distribution line, most of them still need to be operated with power off, or rely on relatively complex live working tools and auxiliary structures, and the operation process is complicated, which requires higher technical level of the operators and higher requirements for the on-site conditions. In some places with complex terrain, limited operation space or without conventional live working conditions, the above operation methods are difficult to implement, affecting the efficiency of maintenance.

[0006] From the form of the prior art, some line lightning arresters adopt the way of adjusting the discharge gap through fixed hole positions or support structures to adapt to different line structures and installation conditions. However, such structures usually need to be adjusted during the installation stage, and the adjustment process involves multiple point disassembly and assembly, and the structure is relatively dispersed. In actual operation, if the gap needs to be replaced or readjusted, power-off operation is often required, and it is difficult to balance the structural compactness and adjustment reliability. At the same time, the adjustment mode of the fixed hole position form also has certain limitations in terms of fine adjustment accuracy, adaptation range, and long-term operation stability.

[0007] In summary, in the field of 10kV distribution line lightning protection, how to reduce the operation and maintenance complexity caused by the difference between different types while meeting the insulation and discharge requirements under different altitude conditions, and at the same time, how to balance the safety and convenience of live replacement operation, has always been one of the objective technical problems faced in engineering practice. These problems gradually appear in long-term operation and maintenance, and put forward higher requirements for the structure form, adaptability and operation and maintenance mode of the lightning protection device of the distribution network. SUMMARY

[0008] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problem of excessive spare parts caused by the need to prepare different types of insulators at different altitudes.

[0009] The purpose of the present application is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: A live-replaceable adjustable-gap lightning arrester, comprising: A composite insulator, the upper end of which is fixed to a protected object through a fixed structure; A horn mouth, wherein a lightning arrester mounting hole is arranged in the middle, and the upper end of the horn mouth is connected to the upper end of the composite insulator through a cantilever structure; A limiting tongue, which is fixed to the side wall of the lightning arrester mounting hole through a clamping limiting structure and a return spring; A lightning arrester body, the upper end of which has a fixing stud; A quick-release sub-wire port, comprising a light rod and a mushroom head fixed to one end of the light rod, the other end of the light rod is fixed to the fixing stud through a screw hole, and the outer dimension of the mushroom head is adapted to the lightning arrester mounting hole; A quick-release movable ring, which is sleeved on the light rod, one end of which has a lead-out flange adapted to the outer shape of the mushroom head; A telescopic discharge electrode, one end of which is fixed to the lower end of the composite insulator, and the other end of which forms a discharge gap with the lightning arrester body, and the telescopic discharge electrode comprises a telescopic mechanism to adjust the discharge gap; When installed, the quick-release sub-wire port is inserted into the lightning arrester mounting hole, and the mushroom head is clamped after passing the limiting tongue to achieve the locking installation of the lightning arrester body; When disassembled, the lightning arrester body drives the quick-disassembly movable ring into the lightning arrester mounting hole and makes the lead-out flange pass over the limiting tongue, and then the lightning arrester body is pulled down, the limiting tongue is pushed open to both sides by the lead-out flange of the quick-disassembly movable ring and continues to move outward to realize unlocking and disassembly of the lightning arrester body. Preferably, the cantilever structure comprises a support connecting plate; one end of the support connecting plate is connected with the upper end of the composite insulator, and the other end is connected with the horn mouth.

[0010] Preferably, the upper end surface of the mushroom head is provided with an arc-shaped guide surface, so that when it is inserted into the lightning arrester mounting hole, it forms an arc surface-tangent line cooperation with the limiting tongue to reduce the insertion force.

[0011] Preferably, the lead-out flange is provided with inclined arc surfaces on both upper and lower sides.

[0012] Preferably, the lower end surface of the mushroom head is provided with an inner recessed ring groove to accommodate the inclined arc surface of the upper end of the lead-out flange to eliminate the gap when fitting.

[0013] Preferably, the lightning arrester mounting hole is a one-side opening blind hole.

[0014] Preferably, an elastic fastener is arranged in the lightning arrester mounting hole for elastically clamping the mushroom head.

[0015] Preferably, the telescopic mechanism comprises a threaded pair.

[0016] Preferably, the fixed structure comprises an M-shaped wire pressing plate and a bolt.

[0017] Preferably, the telescopic mechanism of the telescopic electrode is adjusted to adapt to the insulation and discharge requirements of different altitude lines.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: The present application realizes many beneficial technical effects in the application of distribution line lightning protection by systematic design of the overall structure of the lightning arrester, the gap adjustment method and the installation and replacement mechanism, and forms a clear and stable logical closed loop between the technical features, the action mechanism and the final effect.

[0019] Firstly, the application adopts a quick mounting and dismounting mechanism which can be charged, and the core is the cooperative matching relationship between the quick dismounting sub-sleeve, the movable ring, the limiting tongue and the elastic element. By introducing the geometric structure of the arc surface combined with the cylindrical surface at the key contact position, the arrester can rely on the natural guiding characteristics between the arc surface and the straight line to realize the automatic lifting, displacement and resetting of the limiting tongue during the axial movement. The structure does not rely on additional operation actions, but uses the mechanical self-adaptive relationship formed during the space movement of the components to complete the locking and unlocking. During the installation process, when the arrester moves upward, the arc surface at the end of the quick dismounting sub-sleeve gradually lifts the limiting tongue, and after passing the locking position, the limiting tongue automatically rebounds under the elastic action and forms a reliable clamping, thereby realizing self-locking; during the dismounting process, the limiting tongue is guided to be released again under a specific movement track through the relative displacement between the movable ring and the groove. Based on this principle, the installation and dismounting steps of the arrester are compressed into linear operation in a single direction, which significantly reduces the dependence on manual fine operation and additional tools under the charged state, and improves the safety and success rate of the charged replacement operation from the mechanism.

[0020] Secondly, the application realizes the continuous or stepwise adjustment of the discharge gap within a certain range by introducing a threaded telescopic adjustment mechanism. The principle is to convert the traditional air gap determined by the structure height or fixed hole position into a gap length determined by the axial displacement of the telescopic rod. When the telescopic rod rotates along the threaded axis and moves to different limit positions, the effective air distance between the telescopic discharge electrodes changes accordingly, and different positions correspond to different gap values, thereby matching the discharge requirements under different altitude conditions. This method of directly corresponding the electrical gap with mechanical displacement makes the discharge characteristics predictable and stable, avoiding the size errors and assembly deviations introduced by replacing the insulators or structural members as a whole. From the technical effect, this adjustment method can cover the use requirements of multiple altitude sections within the design allowable range of the same arrester, reducing the type subdivision caused by environmental differences.

[0021] Further, the application integrates the adjustable discharge gap structure with the composite insulator, so that the arrester is compatible with the existing power distribution line components in terms of overall structure height, installation interface and stress mode. In principle, the integrated structure reduces intermediate connecting components and redundant installation interfaces, making the electric field distribution and mechanical stress path more explicit, which is beneficial to maintaining the stable state during long-term operation. By reducing the number of additional supports and adjusting components, the structural rigidity and consistency after installation are enhanced, effectively reducing the risks of loosening and deviation. The technical effects brought by this not only lie in the improvement of initial installation efficiency, but also lie in the improvement of structural reliability and the reduction of fault points in the later operation and maintenance process.

[0022] In summary, the present application realizes the comprehensive effects of adjustable discharge gap, rapid replacement under electrification and multi-altitude applicability without significantly increasing the structural complexity. The technical features are not isolated, but form a synergistic relationship through basic mechanical principles such as geometric guidance, elastic reset and threaded displacement, so that the lightning arrester shows stable and repeatable beneficial technical effects in electrical performance, operation safety and operation economy, and can better adapt to the complex and variable actual operating environment of distribution lines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a front view of a lightning arrester with adjustable gap and replaceable under electrification according to the present application; Figure 2 is a perspective view of a lightning arrester with adjustable gap and replaceable under electrification according to the present application; Figure 3 is a partial sectional view of a lightning arrester with adjustable gap and replaceable under electrification according to the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of installation stage 1 of a lightning arrester with adjustable gap and replaceable under electrification according to the present application; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of installation stage 2 of a lightning arrester with adjustable gap and replaceable under electrification according to the present application; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of installation completion of a lightning arrester with adjustable gap and replaceable under electrification according to the present application; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of disassembly stage 1 of a lightning arrester with adjustable gap and replaceable under electrification according to the present application; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of disassembly stage 2 of a lightning arrester with adjustable gap and replaceable under electrification according to the present application; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of disassembly completion of a lightning arrester with adjustable gap and replaceable under electrification according to the present application; Wherein: 1. composite insulator; 2. horn mouth; 21. lightning arrester mounting hole; 22. elastic fastener; 3. cantilever structure; 4. limiting tongue; 41. reset spring; 42. screw; 5. lightning arrester body; 51. fixing stud; 52. discharge electrode; 6. quick release sub-wire port; 61. polished rod; 62. mushroom head; 621. arc-shaped guide surface; 622. concave ring groove; 7. quick release movable ring; 71. guide flange; 8. telescopic discharge electrode; 9. M-shaped wire pressing plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments to help understand the content of the present application.

[0025] The traditional adjustable gap lightning arrester adopts fixed holes to adjust the gap, cannot be charged for replacement operation, the operation is relatively complex, cannot be applied to high altitude environment, and needs to additionally increase many high-cost installation accessories.

[0026] As shown in Figures 1-4 , the present application provides a chargeable replacement adjustable gap lightning arrester, comprising: A composite insulator 1, the upper end of which is fixed with a protected object through a fixed structure; A horn mouth 2, in which a lightning arrester mounting hole 21 is arranged, the upper end of which is connected with the upper end of the composite insulator 3 through a cantilever structure 3; A limiting tongue 4, which is fixed to the side wall of the lightning arrester mounting hole 21 through a clamping limiting structure and a return spring 41, a screw 42 being arranged between the return spring 41 and the side wall of the lightning arrester mounting hole 21 to adjust the compression ratio of the return spring, thereby adjusting the elastic force of the limiting tongue 4; A lightning arrester body 5, the upper end of which has a fixing stud 51, and the lower end of which has a discharge electrode 52; A quick-release sub-silk mouth 6, comprising a light rod 61 and a mushroom head 62 fixed to one end of the light rod 61, the other end of the light rod 61 being fixed with the fixing stud 51 through a screw hole, the outer dimension of the mushroom head 62 being adapted to the lightning arrester mounting hole 21; A quick-release movable ring 7, which is sleeved on the light rod 61, one end of which has a lead-out flange 71 adapted to the outer shape of the mushroom head; A telescopic discharge electrode 8, one end of which is fixed to the lower end of the composite insulator 1, and the other end of which forms a discharge gap with the discharge electrode 52 at the lower end of the lightning arrester body 5, the telescopic discharge electrode 8 containing a telescopic mechanism to adjust the discharge gap; As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6 , when installed, the quick-release sub-silk mouth 6 is inserted into the lightning arrester mounting hole 21, and the mushroom head 62 is clamped after passing over the limiting tongue 4 to achieve the locked installation of the lightning arrester body 5; When disassembled, the lightning arrester body is pushed to drive the quick-release movable ring into the lightning arrester mounting hole and make the lead-out flange pass over the limiting tongue as Figure 7 , and then the lightning arrester body is pulled down, the limiting tongue is pushed open to both sides by the lead-out flange of the quick-release movable ring and continues to move outward to achieve the unlocked disassembly of the lightning arrester body as Figures 8-9 shown. Preferably, the cantilever structure 3 comprises a support connecting plate; one end of the support connecting plate is connected with the upper end of the composite insulator, and the other end of the support connecting plate is connected with the horn mouth.

[0027] As shown in Figure 9As shown, the upper end face of the mushroom head 62 is provided with an arc-shaped guide surface 621, so that when it is inserted into the surge arrester mounting hole 21, it forms an arc-tangential engagement with the limiting tongue 4 to reduce the insertion force.

[0028] Preferably, the upper and lower sides of the lead-out flange 71 are provided with inclined arc surfaces.

[0029] like Figure 3 As shown, the lower end face of the mushroom head 62 is provided with an inner concave annular groove 622 to accommodate the inclined arc surface of the upper end of the guide flange 71 and eliminate gaps during fitting.

[0030] Preferably, the surge arrester mounting hole 21 is a blind hole with an opening on one side.

[0031] Preferably, an elastic fastener 22 is provided in the lightning arrester mounting hole 21 for elastically clamping the mushroom head 62.

[0032] Preferably, the telescopic mechanism includes a threaded pair.

[0033] Preferably, the fixing structure includes an M-shaped pressure plate 9 and bolts.

[0034] Preferably, the telescopic mechanism of the telescopic discharge electrode is adjusted to adapt to the insulation and discharge requirements of lines at different altitudes.

[0035] This invention requires no maintenance and can be used for live-line work. It is applicable to altitudes of 1000m-4000m, has an adjustable discharge gap, and its integrated design makes installation more convenient. It also allows for live-line replacement.

[0036] By combining and separating the mushroom-shaped head and the arc-shaped guide flange, reciprocating motion can be achieved within the surge arrester mounting hole. Furthermore, a tight fusion of the mushroom-shaped head and the arc-shaped guide flange allows for better connection between the arc-shaped surface and the side cylindrical surface. This utilizes the tangent principle of the arc-shaped surface. The combination of the mushroom-shaped head and the guide flange creates a shape with guide arc-shaped surfaces on both the top and bottom, enabling reciprocating motion within the surge arrester mounting hole and achieving live-line replacement.

[0037] The adjustable gap technology solution is to use the thread to adjust the length of the telescopic discharge electrode. The adjustable gap distance is changed to the length of the thread. The distance between the two extreme positions of the thread is the difference between the two air gaps. When the telescopic rod reaches these two positions, it means that the corresponding two gaps have been adjusted.

[0038] The process for installing a surge arrester is as follows: 1. Position the surge arrester as close as possible to the center of the horn opening. Figure 4 Then, at this point, the surge arrester is moved upwards; 2. The upper end of the quick-release sub-wire port has a curved surface, which will push the limiting tongue to both sides after the limiting tongue is contacted Figure 5 , and then the lightning arrester continues to move upward.

[0039] 3. When the thick cylindrical (mushroom head) part of the upper segment of the quick-release sub-wire port passes through the limiting tongue, the reset spring 41 at the tail end of the limiting tongue will push the limiting tongue out again, and then clamp the lower end step surface of the quick-release sub-wire port like Figure 6 , so that it cannot fall off, and at this time the lightning arrester is successfully installed.

[0040] The process of removing the lightning arrester is as follows 1. The process of taking the lightning arrester: at this time, the lower end of the quick-release sub-wire port is hung on the limiting tongue like Figure 6 , which is in a state of being installed and fixed; 2. Start the action of taking the lightning arrester, which needs to lift the lightning arrester to the upper end, when the quick-release sub-wire port is lifted to the top, the quick-release movable ring also passes the limiting tongue to the upper side of the limiting tongue like Figure 7 ; 3. The lightning arrester moves downward as a whole, and the quick-release movable ring moves upward under the push of the limiting tongue; 4. The quick-release sub-wire port continues to move downward, so that the quick-release movable ring just matches the groove below the quick-release sub-wire port like Figure 8 ; 5. When the quick-release movable ring just matches the groove below the quick-release sub-wire port, the limiting tongue just matches the cylindrical surface of the quick-release sub-wire port under the inclined arc surface of the movable ring of the telescopic mechanism; 6. At this time, the lightning arrester continues to move downward, and the clever design of the combined structure successfully pushes the limiting tongue to both ends by the upper end of the quick-release sub-wire port, so that it can continue to move downward until the lightning arrester is taken out; 7. At this time, the lightning arrester continues to move downward, and the lightning arrester can be smoothly taken out like Figure 9 .

[0041] The length is adjusted by rotation to achieve the effect of adjusting the discharge gap. There are two gaps in total. The first gap is that the movable telescopic rod is rotated to the bottom of the thread, at this time it is the maximum discharge gap, which can be applied to the line with an altitude of 2500m-4000m, and can replace the R12.5ET150 insulator; the second gap is that the movable telescopic rod is rotated to the top, at this time it is the minimum discharge gap, which can be applied to the line with an altitude of 1000m-2500m, and can replace the R12.5ET125 insulator.

[0042] The present application has the following characteristics: (1) Reduce the operation and maintenance cost: the operating rod can be replaced under the complex environment with power on, reducing the use of other live working auxiliary tools or special vehicles, especially for the distribution network line branch, the line is complex, and many sites do not meet the live working conditions. The annual operation and maintenance cost is greatly reduced.

[0043] (2) Improve power supply reliability: the lightning trip-out rate of large current line is reduced, and the discharge gap of series gap can quickly self-heal, effectively supporting the safe operation of power grid during peak summer; the annual power outage time is reduced, ensuring the reliability of power supply and improving user satisfaction.

[0044] (3) Meet the safety production target: through the live working of the operating rod, the risk of manual climbing is reduced, the annual safety accident rate is reduced, and the safety production target of State Grid is met.

[0045] (4) Reduce the initial installation cost: during initial installation, due to integrated design, many adjustment steps can be saved, and the arrester can be directly installed in the corresponding position, saving a lot of time, manpower and resources.

[0046] (5) Green energy development: the arrester applicable to all scenes and altitudes can reduce the inventory of spare parts due to different altitudes and scenes.

[0047] (6) Meet the maintenance-free and technical measures of 10kV overhead line of State Grid, mainly in lightning protection and insulation, and reduce the operation and maintenance workload According to the requirements of the file of 10kV State Grid distribution network engineering typical design, the use of insulator should be divided according to the altitude. Among them, R12.5ET125N insulator is used at 1000m-2500m, and R12.5ET150N insulator is used at 2500m-4000m. The two types of insulators have obvious differences in body structure height and creepage distance, so a composite insulator + arrester integrated arrester directly replacing the two types of porcelain bottles is designed. The arrester has a discharge gap, can be replaced with power on, the gap can be adjusted (the discharge gap is adjusted according to different altitudes to achieve different discharge voltages when lightning strikes), can be directly used in high altitude areas, and the discharge gap and discharge voltage are obtained through Tibet 1000m-5000m field test and correction of relevant standards (GB / T311.1-2012) according to altitude and discharge voltage. The discharge gap and data are real.

[0048] The above is only an embodiment of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application is included in the scope of claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A energized, replaceable adjustable gap surge arrester, characterized in that, include: Composite insulators, whose upper end is fixed to the protected object by a fixing structure; The bell-shaped opening has a surge arrester mounting hole in the middle, and its upper end is connected to the upper end of the composite insulator through a cantilever structure. The limiting tongue is fixed to the side wall of the surge arrester mounting hole by means of a locking limiting structure and a return spring; The surge arrester body has a fixing stud at its upper end; The quick-release threaded joint includes a smooth rod and a mushroom head fixed to one end of the smooth rod. The other end of the smooth rod is fixed to the fixing stud through a screw hole. The outer dimensions of the mushroom head are adapted to the surge arrester mounting hole. A quick-release movable ring is fitted onto the optical rod, and one end of the ring has a guide flange that matches the shape of the mushroom head. The telescopic discharge electrode has one end fixed to the lower end of the composite insulator and the other end forming a discharge gap with the surge arrester body. The telescopic discharge electrode includes a telescopic mechanism to adjust the discharge gap. During installation, the quick-release screw is inserted into the arrester mounting hole, and the mushroom head moves past the limiting tongue and engages to lock the arrester body in place. During disassembly, pushing the arrester body causes the quick-release movable ring to enter the arrester mounting hole and causes the guide flange to pass over the limiting tongue. Then, pulling down the arrester body causes the guide flange of the quick-release movable ring to push open the limiting tongue to both sides and continue to move outward to unlock and disassemble the arrester body.

2. The adjustable gap surge arrester that can be replaced while energized according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cantilever structure includes a support connecting plate; one end of the support connecting plate is connected to the upper end of the composite insulator, and the other end is connected to the horn opening.

3. The adjustable gap surge arrester that can be replaced while energized according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the mushroom head is provided with an arc-shaped guide surface, so that it forms an arc-tangential fit with the limiting tongue when inserted into the lightning arrester mounting hole, thereby reducing the insertion force.

4. The adjustable gap surge arrester that can be replaced while energized according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower sides of the lead-out flange are provided with inclined arc surfaces.

5. The adjustable gap surge arrester that can be replaced while energized according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lower end face of the mushroom head is provided with an inner concave annular groove to accommodate the inclined arc surface of the upper end of the guide flange and eliminate gaps during fitting.

6. The adjustable gap surge arrester that can be replaced while energized according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surge arrester mounting hole is a blind hole with an opening on one side.

7. The adjustable gap surge arrester that can be replaced while energized according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightning arrester mounting hole is equipped with an elastic fastener for elastically clamping the mushroom head.

8. The adjustable gap surge arrester that can be replaced while energized according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic mechanism includes a threaded pair.

9. The adjustable gap surge arrester that can be replaced while energized according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing structure includes an M-shaped pressure plate and bolts.

10. The adjustable gap surge arrester that can be replaced while energized according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic discharge electrode's telescopic mechanism can be adjusted to adapt to the insulation and discharge requirements of lines at different altitudes.

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