Tailing filling and filter pressing system for intelligently adjusting underflow concentration of deep-cone thickener

Abstract

The invention relates to a tailing filling and filter pressing system for intelligently adjusting underflow concentration of a deep-cone thickener. The tailing filling and filter pressing system comprises a tailing thickening device, a filling slurry stirring, preparing and conveying device, a filter pressing and dry discharging device, a cementing material storing, feeding and metering device, a pipe washing device and an automatic control device, the tailing thickening device is respectively connected with the filling slurry stirring, preparing and conveying device and the filter-pressing and dry-discharging device, and the filling slurry stirring, preparing and conveying device is respectively connected with the cementing material storing, feeding and metering device and the pipe washing device; the automatic control device is used for controlling the operation of the tailing thickening device, the filling slurry stirring, preparing and conveying device, the filter pressing and dry discharging device, the cementing material storing, feeding and metering device and the pipe washing device. According to the invention, tailings pond-free operation can be realized, filter pressing and filling balance is maintained through intelligent regulation and control, the tailings treatment efficiency is improved, the operation cost is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the adaptability of the system to complex working conditions is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tailings backfilling technology, and more specifically, to a deep cone thickener intelligently adjusting underflow concentration for tailings backfilling and filter press system and process. Background Technology

[0002] Tailings ponds, as core facilities for mining enterprises to treat tailings and wastewater, undertake multiple functions including storing mineral processing residues, controlling pollution, and recovering resources. The sources of tailings are diverse, encompassing metal mines, coal mines, and non-metallic mineral processing operations, with complex compositions including fine-grained slime and valuable elements. With the increasing intensity of mineral development, the pressure on tailings pond storage has surged, driving the development of technologies such as tailings backfilling and pressure filtration dewatering. In particular, the application of intelligent control technology for deep cone thickeners has effectively increased the tailings slurry concentration, making it suitable for underground backfilling or pressure filtration processes, thereby reducing stockpiles and optimizing waste management. However, long-term stockpiling occupies land resources, induces geological disaster risks such as dam failures and landslides, and heavy metals in tailings can easily seep into water bodies with rainwater, polluting them. Furthermore, traditional management methods are energy-intensive and have low resource utilization rates, resulting in both resource waste and ecological threats.

[0003] Traditional tailings dam storage methods suffer from problems such as large land occupation, serious environmental pollution, and high safety hazards. During mining operations, the operation of the backfilling system is affected by various factors, such as stope structure, ore grade fluctuations, and production plan adjustments, resulting in significant fluctuations in the backfilling volume. Therefore, introducing dry discharge technology as an auxiliary adjustment method is of significant necessity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a deep cone thickener intelligent adjustment of underflow concentration for tailings backfilling and filter press system and process, which significantly improves the system’s buffering capacity against fluctuations in backfilling volume, reduces the risk of equipment idling or overload caused by supply and demand imbalance, and provides reliable technical support for continuous and intelligent backfilling in mines.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: to construct a system for intelligent adjustment of underflow concentration of deep cone thickener for tailings backfilling and filter press, including tailings thickening device, backfill slurry mixing, preparation and conveying device, filter press dry discharge device, cementitious material storage, feeding and metering device, pipe washing device and automatic control device. The tailings thickening device is connected to the filling slurry mixing, preparation and conveying device and the filter press and dry discharge device, respectively. The filling slurry mixing, preparation and conveying device is connected to the cementitious material storage, feeding and metering device and the pipe washing device, respectively. The automatic control device is used to control the operation of the tailings thickening device, the filling slurry mixing and conveying device, the filter press and dry discharge device, the cementitious material storage, feeding and metering device, and the pipe washing device.

[0006] According to the above scheme, the tailings thickening device includes an automatic flocculant dosing machine, a deep cone thickener, and an overflow pool connected in sequence. The automatic flocculant dosing machine and the deep cone thickener are connected by a pipeline, and the deep cone thickener and the overflow tank are connected by an overflow pipe. The automatic flocculant dosing machine is equipped with a first overflow valve, a second overflow valve, a third overflow valve, a first maintenance valve, a second maintenance valve, and a third electric regulating valve. The first maintenance valve is connected in series with the feed valve, the underflow circulation pump, the third electric knife gate valve, the fourth electric knife gate valve, the fifth electric knife gate valve, the feed pump, the feed valve, the feed valve and the flocculant automatic dosing machine to form a circuit. The third maintenance valve is connected in series with the filter press feed valve and the filter press feed pump in sequence. The first overflow valve, the second overflow valve, and the third overflow valve are all connected to the third electric knife gate valve; The automatic flocculant dosing machine and the overflow tank are connected in series in a loop consisting of a first manual gate valve, a multi-stage booster pump, a second electric gate valve, a feed valve, and a first maintenance valve. The automatic flocculant dosing machine and the overflow tank are connected in series with a manual knife gate valve, a multi-stage booster pump, an eighth electric knife gate valve, a filter press feed valve and a third maintenance valve to form a circuit. The automatic flocculant dosing machine and the overflow tank are connected in series with a manual knife gate valve, a multi-stage booster pump, a pressure reducing valve, a third electric regulating valve, a pressure gauge, a second flow meter, and a first check valve to form a circuit.

[0007] According to the above scheme, the filling slurry mixing and conveying device includes a twin-shaft blade mixer, a high-speed turbulent mixing tank and a reserved industrial pump connected in sequence; The twin-shaft blade mixer and the overflow tank are connected in series with a second manual knife gate valve, a water pump, a first electric knife gate valve, a first flow meter and a first electric regulating valve. Both the fourth and fifth electric knife gate valves are connected to the concentration meter. The concentration meter is connected in series with the mortar flow meter, the second electric regulating valve and the twin-shaft blade mixer in sequence. The high-speed turbulent mixing tank includes a main tank and a secondary tank, wherein the secondary tank is a discharge tank. The bottom of the auxiliary bucket and the main bucket are connected, forming a communicating vessel effect, and the material level is consistent.

[0008] According to the above scheme, the filter press dry discharge device includes a filter press, a tailings dispersing and batching machine, and a belt conveyor; the filter press feed pump is connected to the filter press, and the tailings filter cake produced by the filter press is processed by the tailings dispersing and batching machine and then conveyed to the twin-shaft blade mixer by the belt conveyor.

[0009] According to the above scheme, the cementitious material storage and feeding metering device includes a cement silo and a dust collector. The dust collector is installed at the top of the cement silo, and a cement powder scale is installed at the bottom of the cement silo. A screw conveyor is installed on the side of the bottom of the cement powder scale. The screw conveyor is connected to the twin-shaft blade mixer via a cementitious material conveying pipeline.

[0010] According to the above scheme, the pipe washing device includes a water-air mixing pipe washing device, which is connected in series with an electric ball valve, a second check valve, a sixth electric knife gate valve, and a reserved industrial pump. The water-air mixing pipe washing device is connected in series with the electric ball valve and the second check valve and then connected to the underground filling goaf area.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the automatic control device includes a data sensing module, an edge computing module, a human-computer interaction module, and an execution control module; The data sensing module is used to collect thickener torque, tailings concentration, pipeline pressure, flow rate and equipment operating parameters in real time. The edge computing module is used to prevent the deep cone thickener from pressing the rake, and is also used to switch between normal filling mode and filter press dry discharge collaborative mode, and to determine the dynamic remixing amount based on the deep cone underflow concentration, filter press tailings moisture content, and mixing outlet concentration, and to predict the underflow concentration value. The human-computer interaction module is used to display process dynamics, key parameters and alarm information in real time, and provides a manual operation channel to support mode switching and parameter adjustment. The execution control module is used to link the actuator, control the tailings concentration and adjust the supply of cementitious material in the normal filling mode, and adjust the tailings concentration to the value required for filter press.

[0012] This invention also provides a process for intelligently adjusting the underflow concentration of a deep cone thickener for tailings backfilling and filter press, comprising the following steps: S1. Low-concentration fine-grained tailings are pumped into a deep cone thickener via a slurry pump. An automatic flocculant dosing machine adjusts the flocculant dosage in real time according to the tailings flow rate. Mixing and flocculation are completed in the feed well, forming large-diameter flocs that accelerate sedimentation. The tailings are stratified in the deep cone thickener, with a high-concentration underflow at the bottom and an overflow at the top flowing into an overflow pool for use as feed water or recycled back to the treatment plant. An automatic control device monitors the thickener torque in real time to prevent tailings from settling and compacting until the torque drops to a safe value. S2. When the downhole filling demand is stable, the equipment is fault-free, and the mining and filling volume is balanced, the automatic control device is turned on, and the tailings from the bottom flow of the deep cone thickener are transported to the filling slurry mixing and preparation conveying device; when the filling system is under maintenance, the equipment is abnormal, or the mining and filling volume is unbalanced, the automatic control system is turned off, and the tailings from the bottom flow of the deep cone thickener are transported to the filter press dry discharge device, which intervenes to adjust the tailings concentration and generate a tailings filter cake with a moisture content of <18%. S3. The cement is fed into the cementitious material storage and feeding metering device, and then quantitatively input into the filling slurry mixing and preparation conveying device; the automatic control device regulates the water volume by adjusting the tailings thickening device and dynamically replenishes water according to the slurry concentration requirements. S4. The filling slurry mixing and conveying device mixes tailings, cement, and water to ensure a good mixing effect. At the end of production, the high-speed turbulent mixing tank is emptied, and the slurry is directly conveyed to the goaf. S5. After filling is completed, flush the pipeline at high speed to clean it.

[0013] According to the above scheme, in step S2, when the filling system is under maintenance, the equipment is malfunctioning, or the sampling and filling are unbalanced, the handling method includes the following steps: S201. The tailings filter cake is temporarily stored in the stockpile. When replenishing the backfill, it is transferred to the tailings crushing and batching machine for crushing. After crushing, the tailings are conveyed by belt conveyor. The microwave moisture content detector installed above the belt conveyor verifies in real time that the moisture content is <18%. S202. Initiate adaptive concentration compensation based on the target filling concentration. Deep cone bottom flow concentration The moisture content of the filter press tailings was used to calculate the optimal re-admixture amount using a closed-loop compensation formula. : ; S203, Gamma-ray concentration meter at the outlet of the stirring system C 实 The mixed concentration is detected every 30 seconds; when The k value is automatically updated at that time. k new =k old ×C 0 / C 实 ; The initial correction coefficient k = 1.0, the convergence range is 0.8~1.2, the speed of the belt conveyor variable frequency motor is controlled, and the amount of re-admixture is adjusted. ; S204, when the underflow concentration At that time, the concentration adjustment valve will be opened in conjunction with the water replenishment volume. Dynamic hydration.

[0014] According to the above scheme, in step S4, the material level of the twin-shaft blade mixer in the filling slurry mixing and conveying device is controlled at 60%-80%, and the main tank and auxiliary tank in the high-speed turbulent mixing tank maintain a constant material level through the communicating vessel effect. The auxiliary tank is a discharge tank and is equipped with two discharge ports at the top and bottom. During the production process, the filling slurry that has been mixed in the main tank overflows and is discharged through the upper discharge port of the auxiliary tank. The material levels in the main tank and the auxiliary tank remain constant, ensuring the mixing effect. When the production is finished, the discharge port at the bottom of the auxiliary tank is opened to empty the mixing tank.

[0015] The deep cone thickener intelligently adjusts the underflow concentration for tailings backfilling and filter press systems and processes, as described in this invention, and has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention realizes a mine operation mode without tailings ponds. The fine wet tailings from the concentrator are directly pumped to the deep cone thickener at the backfilling station with low concentration, eliminating the need for tailings pond storage and eliminating the land occupation and environmental risks of traditional stockpiling from the root. 2. This invention proposes to use the underflow circulation system as an active anti-rake mechanism. An underflow circulation pump is set at the bottom of the thickener. When the automatic control device detects that the torque of the thickener reaches a preset threshold or shows a continuous upward trend, the underflow circulation pump will start automatically to drive the tailings to circulate and stir in the middle and low position. By dynamically adjusting the tailings distribution in real time, the problem of local tailings deposition and compaction can be effectively alleviated, reducing the risk of rake from the source and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the equipment. 3. This invention achieves intelligent dynamic adaptation of deep cone underflow concentration and seamless switching between multiple operating conditions. By integrating a sensor network (concentration, flow rate, pressure, torque) and an edge computing layer (LSTM concentration prediction, anti-pressure rake algorithm), it can accurately control flocculant injection and underflow discharge in real time to maintain stable underflow concentration. Relying on an intelligent mode switching decision tree, the system can automatically prioritize the normal filling mode (underflow concentration 65%~68%, ash-sand ratio 1:4~1:20) or seamlessly switch to the filter press dry discharge coordinated mode (adjusting the concentration to meet filter press requirements) based on the stability of filling demand, equipment status, and tailings output / demand balance, flexibly responding to production fluctuations. 4. The intelligent back-mixing and precise concentration compensation of filter press dry sand proposed in this invention improves the flexibility and quality of backfilling. The dry sand (moisture content <18%) produced by filter press can be back-mixed into the backfilling mixing system through a feeding device (loader, mixer, belt conveyor), significantly increasing the final backfill slurry concentration. An adaptive concentration compensation closed-loop control algorithm is adopted to dynamically calculate and precisely adjust the back-mixing amount and compensation coefficient based on the target concentration, underflow concentration, dry sand moisture content, and real-time outlet concentration, ensuring that the backfill concentration after mixing is stable and meets the standards. This solves the problem of delayed feedback in traditional methods; 5. This invention achieves dynamic balance between the filtration and backfilling systems, ensuring equilibrium between filtration and backfilling; it employs an intelligent control strategy to enable the dry discharge system of the filtration press to assist backfilling, ensuring coordinated operation of the backfilling and filtration processes; when backfilling demand increases, the intelligent system adjusts the underflow concentration to improve backfilling capacity; when backfilling demand decreases, it adjusts the underflow concentration to adapt to the filtration process, enabling efficient dewatering and discharge of tailings; it improves the overall operating efficiency of the mine tailings treatment system, reduces operating costs, and ensures the continuity and stability of tailings treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system of the deep cone thickener intelligently adjusting the underflow concentration for tailings backfilling and filter press of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the process of intelligently adjusting the underflow concentration of the deep cone thickener for tailings backfilling and filter press of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a functional schematic diagram of the automatic control device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a logical flowchart of the mode switching decision tree of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the undercurrent concentration prediction and control process of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a diagram of the underflow circulation of the tailings thickening device of the present invention; In the diagram: 101. Deep cone thickener; 102. Automatic flocculant dosing machine; 103. Overflow pipe; 104. Overflow tank; 105. First overflow valve; 106. Second overflow valve; 107. Third overflow valve; 108. Underflow circulation pipe; 109. Backwash pipe; 110. First manual gate valve; 111. Second manual gate valve; 112. Multistage booster pump; 113. Water pump; 114. First electric gate valve; 115. First flow... Meters; 116. First electric regulating valve; 117. Second electric gate valve; 118. First maintenance valve; 119. Feed valve; 120. Underflow circulation pump; 121. Third electric gate valve; 122. Fourth electric gate valve; 123. Second maintenance valve; 124. Feed valve; 125. Feed pump; 126. Fifth electric gate valve; 127. Concentration meter; 128. Mortar flow meter; 129. Second electric regulating valve; 130. Feeding pipeline; 201. Twin-shaft blade mixer; 202. High-speed turbulent flow mixing tank; 203. Reserved industrial pump; 204. Sixth electric knife gate valve; 301. Third maintenance valve; 302. Filter press feed valve; 303. Filter press feed pump; 304. Seventh electric knife gate valve; 305. Filter press; 306. Forklift; 307. Dispersing and batching machine; 308. Belt conveyor; 309. Eighth electric knife gate valve; 310. Third electric regulating valve; 311. Pressure reducing valve; 312. Pressure gauge; 313. Second flow meter; 314. First check valve; 315. Filter press feed pipeline; 401. Cement silo; 402. Dust collector; 403. Cement powder weighing scale; 404. Screw conveyor; 405. Cementitious material conveying pipeline; 501. Air-water mixing pipe flushing device; 502. Electric ball valve; 503. Second check valve. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the system for intelligently adjusting the underflow concentration of the deep cone thickener of the present invention for tailings backfilling and filter press includes a tailings thickening device, a backfill slurry mixing, preparation and conveying device, a filter press dry discharge device, a cementitious material storage, feeding and metering device, a pipe washing device, and an automatic control device. The tailings thickening device is connected to the backfill slurry mixing, preparation and conveying device and the filter press dry discharge device, respectively. The backfill slurry mixing, preparation and conveying device is connected to the cementitious material storage, feeding and metering device and the pipe washing device, respectively. The automatic control device is used to control the operation of the tailings thickening device, the backfill slurry mixing, preparation and conveying device, the filter press dry discharge device, the cementitious material storage, feeding and metering device, and the pipe washing device.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tailings thickening device includes an automatic flocculant dosing machine 102, a deep cone thickener 101, and an overflow tank 104 connected in sequence. The automatic flocculant dosing machine 102 and the deep cone thickener 101 are connected by a pipeline, and the deep cone thickener 101 and the overflow tank 104 are connected by an overflow pipe 103. The automatic flocculant dosing machine 102 is equipped with a first overflow valve 105, a second overflow valve 106, a third overflow valve 107, a first maintenance valve 118, a second maintenance valve 123, and a third electric regulating valve 310. The first maintenance valve 118 is connected in series with the feed valve 119, the underflow circulation pump 120, the third electric gate valve 121, the fourth electric gate valve 122, the fifth electric gate valve 126, the feed pump 125, the feed valve 124, and the automatic flocculant dosing machine 102 to form a circuit. The third maintenance valve 301 is connected in series with the filter press feed valve 302 and the filter press feed pump 303. The first overflow valve 105, the second overflow valve 106, and the third overflow valve 107 are all connected to the third electric gate valve 121. The automatic dosing machine 102 and the overflow tank 104 are connected in series with a first manual gate valve 110, a multi-stage booster pump 112, a second electric gate valve 117, a feed valve 119, and a first maintenance valve 118 to form a circuit. The automatic flocculant dosing machine 102 and the overflow tank 104 are further connected in series with a manual gate valve 110, a multi-stage booster pump 112, an eighth electric gate valve 309, a filter press feed valve 302, and a third maintenance valve 301 to form a circuit. The automatic flocculant dosing machine 102 and the overflow tank 104 are also connected in series with a manual gate valve 110, a multi-stage booster pump 112, a pressure reducing valve 311, a third electric regulating valve 310, a pressure gauge 312, a second flow meter 313, and a first check valve 314 to form a circuit. All the above connections are made through an underflow circulation pipe 108.

[0020] The third electric knife gate valve 121, the fourth electric knife gate valve 122, the fifth electric knife gate valve 126, the second maintenance valve 123, the feed valve 124, the feed pump 125, the feed pipeline 130, the concentration meter 127, the slurry flow meter 128, the electric regulating valve 129, and the feed pipeline 130 are used for underflow feeding of the tailings thickening device and are all located at the bottom of the tailings thickening device. The feed pump 125, the underflow circulation pump 120, and the filter press feed pump 303 are all high-concentration slurry pumps. In order to avoid the problem of site freezing in winter caused by the use of water seal pumps, the shaft seal of the feed pump 125, the underflow circulation pump 120, and the filter press feed pump 303 is a mechanical seal.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filling slurry mixing and conveying device includes a twin-shaft blade mixer 201, a high-speed turbulent mixing tank 202, and a reserved industrial pump 203 connected in sequence. A second manual gate valve 111, a water pump 113, a first electric gate valve 114, a first flow meter 115, and a first electric regulating valve 116 are connected in series between the twin-shaft blade mixer 201 and the overflow tank 104 via a backwash water pipe 109.

[0022] The fourth electric knife gate valve 122 and the fifth electric knife gate valve 126 are both connected to the concentration meter 127; the concentration meter 127 is connected in series with the mortar flow meter 128, the second electric regulating valve 129, and the twin-shaft blade mixer 201 via the feed pipe 130; the high-speed turbulent mixing tank 202 includes a main tank and an auxiliary tank, with the auxiliary tank serving as the discharge tank; the main tank and the auxiliary tank are connected at the bottom, forming a communicating vessel effect, ensuring consistent material levels. Considering the future service targets of the filling system, the plant design includes provisions for a filling industrial pump and pipeline interfaces below the filling slurry mixing, preparation, and conveying device for future expansion.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filter press dry discharge device includes a filter press 305, a loader 306, a tailings dispersing and batching machine 307, and a belt conveyor 308; the filter press feed pump 303 is connected to the filter press 305 via a filter press feed pipe 315, and a seventh electric knife gate valve 304 is provided between them. The tailings filter cake produced by the filter press 305 is processed by the tailings dispersing and batching machine 307 and then conveyed to the twin-shaft blade mixer 201 via the belt conveyor 308.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cementitious material storage and feeding metering device includes a cement silo 401 and a dust collector 402. The dust collector 402 is located at the top of the cement silo 401, and a cement powder weighing scale 403 is located at the bottom of the cement silo 401. A screw conveyor 404 is located on the side of the bottom of the cement powder weighing scale 403. The screw conveyor 404 is connected to a twin-shaft blade mixer 201 through a cementitious material conveying pipe 405.

[0025] When cement is pneumatically conveyed, a dust collector 402 is installed on top of the cement silo 401 to prevent dust from overflowing and affecting the surrounding environment. In order to break up material arches that may be generated during the discharge process, high-pressure air nozzles are installed around the bottom of the cement silo 401 to break up the arches. The cement powder scale 403 is fed by a star-shaped steady flow feeder and weighed by a screw weigher. Both the steady flow feeder and the screw weigher adopt frequency conversion synchronous speed regulation, which makes the material filling more stable, the weight signal is real and linear, and has an automatic coefficient correction function to cope with different cement-sand ratios in actual filling. The cement metering error can be controlled within ±1%.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pipe cleaning device includes a water-air mixing pipe cleaner 501, which is connected in series with an electric ball valve 502, a second check valve 503, a sixth electric knife gate valve 204, and a reserved industrial pump 203. The water-air mixing pipe cleaner 501 is connected to the underground filling goaf area after being connected in series with the electric ball valve 502 and the second check valve 503.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automatic control device includes a data sensing module, an edge computing module, a human-machine interaction module, and an execution control module. The data sensing module is used to collect thickener torque, tailings concentration, pipeline pressure, flow rate, and equipment operating parameters in real time. The edge computing module is used to prevent the deep cone thickener 101 from pressing against the rake, to switch between normal filling mode and filter press dry discharge coordinated mode, and to determine the dynamic remixing amount based on the deep cone underflow concentration, filter press tailings moisture content, and mixing outlet concentration, and to predict the underflow concentration value. The human-machine interaction module is used to display process dynamics, key parameters, and alarm information in real time, and provides a manual operation channel to support mode switching and parameter adjustment. The execution control module is used to link the actuator, control the tailings concentration and adjust the cementitious material supply in normal filling mode, and adjust the tailings concentration to the value required for filter press.

[0028] The data sensing module integrates a thickener torque sensor, underflow concentration meter, overflow concentration meter, and pump and valve status monitoring unit, which is used to collect thickener torque, tailings concentration, pipeline pressure, flow rate, and equipment operating parameters in real time. The edge computing module incorporates an anti-rake control algorithm, a mode switching decision tree, an adaptive concentration compensation algorithm, and underflow concentration prediction. The anti-rake control algorithm can trigger the underflow circulation pump and multi-stage booster pump to introduce overflow water for stirring when the thickener torque is ≥8kN·m or the torque change rate is >5kN·m / min, until the torque drops to <5kN·m. The mode switching decision tree can prioritize the normal filling mode based on the filling demand, equipment fault signals, and the balance between tailings output and filling demand, and switch to the filter press dry discharge collaborative mode when filling maintenance, equipment abnormality, or excessive tailings output occurs. The adaptive concentration compensation algorithm dynamically calculates the remixing amount and adjusts the filling concentration by collecting the deep cone underflow concentration, filter press tailings moisture content, and stirring outlet concentration in real time. The underflow concentration prediction uses an LSTM model, inputting historical data from the past hour and rolling out the underflow concentration Cp for the next 5-10 minutes, solving the efficiency reduction problem caused by traditional feedback lag.

[0029] The human-machine interface (HMI) is configured to display process dynamics, key parameters, and alarm information in real time, and provides a manual operation channel to support mode switching and parameter adjustment. The execution control module is used to link actuators such as electric regulating valves and pump valves. In normal filling mode, it controls the tailings concentration at 65%~68% and adjusts the cementitious material supply to maintain the ash-sand ratio at 1:4~1:20. In filter press mode, it drives the filter press feed valve to switch and adjust the tailings concentration to the required filter press value.

[0030] This invention also provides a process for intelligently adjusting the underflow concentration of a deep cone thickener for tailings backfilling and filter press, comprising the following steps: S1. Low-concentration fine-grained tailings are pumped into the deep cone thickener 101 via a slurry pump. The automatic flocculant dosing machine 102 adjusts the flocculant dosage in real time according to the tailings flow rate, completing mixing and flocculation in the feed well to form large-diameter flocs that accelerate sedimentation. The tailings are stratified within the deep cone thickener 101, forming a high-concentration underflow at the bottom and overflowing into the overflow pool 104 for use as batching water or recycled back to the treatment plant. The automatic control device monitors the thickener torque in real time to prevent tailings deposition and compaction until the torque drops to a safe value. Specifically: S101. Low-concentration fine-grained tailings from the concentrator are directly fed into the deep cone thickener 101 via a slurry pump. The flocculant automatic dosing machine 102 adjusts the flocculant dosage in real time according to the tailings flow rate. The maximum flocculant dosage is calculated at 50g / t. Mixing and flocculation are completed in the feed well to form large-diameter flocs that accelerate sedimentation.

[0031] S102. Tailings are stratified in the deep cone thickener, forming a high-concentration underflow at the bottom. The upper overflow with a solids content of <300ppm flows into the overflow pool 104 through the overflow pipe 103, where it is used as feed water or recycled back to the treatment plant.

[0032] S103 The automatic control device monitors the torque of the deep cone thickener 101 in real time. When the torque is ≥8kN·m or the rate of change is >5kN·m / min, the underflow circulation pump 120, the feed valve 119 and the multi-stage booster pump 112 are automatically started. The overflow water from the overflow pool 104 or the overflow valves 105, 106 and 107 are introduced to carry out underflow circulation and stirring to avoid tailings sedimentation and compaction until the torque drops to a safe value <5kN·m.

[0033] S2. When downhole filling demand is stable, equipment is fault-free, and the production and filling volumes are balanced, the automatic control device is activated, and the tailings from the deep cone thickener are transported to the filling slurry mixing and preparation conveying device. When the filling system is under maintenance, equipment malfunctions, or the production and filling volumes are unbalanced, the automatic control system is deactivated, and the deep cone thickener tailings are transported to the filter press dry discharge device, where the tailings concentration is adjusted to generate a tailings filter cake with a moisture content of <18%. Specifically: Prioritize the normal filling mode. When the downhole filling demand is stable at ≥80% of the designed capacity, the equipment is fault-free, the mining and beneficiation filling volume is balanced, and the tailings output is ≤ the filling demand, the automatic control device opens the bottom flow feed valve 124 and the feed pump 125. The bottom flow tailings from the deep cone thickener are transported to the mixing system through the feed pipeline 130. The concentration meter 127 and flow meter 128 on the pipeline provide real-time data feedback. The PLC dynamically regulates the feed rate through the electric regulating valve 129 to ensure that the tailings concentration is stable at 65% to 68%. Simultaneously, the cementitious material supply and the thickening water supply are started. The ash-sand ratio is adjustable from 1:4 to 1:20 and is supplied to the mixing system. In the dry-discharge coordinated mode of filter press, when the backfilling system is under maintenance, equipment malfunctions, or there is an imbalance between mining and backfilling (i.e., tailings output > backfilling demand), the automatic control device closes the backfilling supply valve and opens the filter press supply valve 302 and filter press feed pump 303 to transport the deep cone bottom flow tailings to the filter press 305. The third electric regulating valve 310 and pressure gauge 312 intervene to adjust the tailings concentration, resulting in a tailings filter cake with a moisture content of <18% after filtration. The tailings filter cake is treated and monitored as follows: the tailings filter cake is temporarily stored in the stockpile, and when backfilling is needed, it is transferred by a loader 306 to the crushing and batching machine 307 for crushing. After crushing, the tailings are conveyed by a belt conveyor 308, and a microwave moisture content detector installed above the belt conveyor verifies in real time that the moisture content is <18%.

[0034] Activate adaptive concentration compensation: based on the target filling concentration Deep cone bottom flow concentration The moisture content of the filter press tailings was used to calculate the optimal re-admixture amount using a closed-loop compensation formula. :

[0035] The initial correction coefficient k = 1.0, and the convergence range is 0.8 to 1.2.

[0036] Real-time calibration and execution: Gamma-ray concentration meter C at the outlet of the stirring system 实 The mixed concentration is detected every 30 seconds; when Automatically update the k value: k new =k old ×C 0 / C 实 The PLC controls the speed of the 308 variable frequency motor on the belt conveyor, precisely adjusting the amount of recycled feed. The range is 0-30% of the total material quantity.

[0037] High-concentration coordinated water replenishment: when the underflow concentration At that time, the concentrated water valve 114 will be opened in conjunction with the replenishment water volume = Dynamic hydration.

[0038] S3. Cement is fed into the cementitious material storage and metering device, and then quantitatively input into the filling slurry mixing and conveying device; the automatic control device regulates the water volume by adjusting the tailings thickening device, dynamically replenishing water according to the slurry concentration requirements. Specifically: Bulk cement is delivered to cement silo 401 by tanker trucks. Dust is adsorbed by dust collector 402 on the top of the silo; high-pressure air nozzles at the bottom periodically break up arches to prevent material blockage; during filling, a star-shaped steady-flow feeder delivers cement to a micro-powder scale 403 (metering error ±1%), and then quantitatively inputs it into the mixing system via screw conveyor 404. Water for batching is taken from overflow tank 104. An automatic control device regulates the water volume through a first electric knife gate valve 114 and a first flow meter, dynamically replenishing water according to the required slurry concentration. If the tailings concentration is too high, the replenishment water volume is increased.

[0039] S4. The filling slurry mixing and conveying device mixes tailings, cement, and water to ensure a thorough mixing effect. At the end of production, the high-speed turbulent mixing tank is emptied; the slurry is directly conveyed to the goaf. Specifically: The twin-shaft blade mixer 201 performs preliminary mixing of tailings, cement, and water, controlling the material level at 60%-80% to ensure uniform mixing. The high-speed turbulent flow mixing tank 202 consists of a main tank (Φ2.5m) and an auxiliary tank (Φ0.5m). A constant material level is maintained through the communicating vessel effect, and the upper overflow discharge ensures the homogeneity and fluidity of the slurry is ≥180mm. The auxiliary tank is the discharge tank, with two discharge ports. During production, the filling slurry mixed in the main tank overflows from the upper discharge port of the auxiliary tank, maintaining a constant material level in both the main and auxiliary tanks to ensure optimal mixing. At the end of production, the bottom discharge port of the auxiliary tank is opened to empty the mixing tank. This system is suitable for underground elevation differences ≥50m, where the slurry is directly transported to the goaf via pipeline. A pre-installed industrial pump 203 is also available, suitable for long distances >1000m or low elevation differences.

[0040] S5. After filling is completed, flush the pipeline at high speed to clean it. Specifically: After filling is completed, the "one-click air and water pipe washing" is triggered, the discharge valve 204 of the mixing tank is closed, and the electric ball valve 502 is opened; the air and water mixing pipe washing device 501 mixes 0.8MPa high-pressure water and 0.6MPa compressed air at a ratio of 1:1, and flushes the pipe at high speed with a flow rate >2m / s.

[0041] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for intelligent adjustment of underflow concentration of a deep cone thickener for tailings filling and filter pressing, characterized by, The tailings thickening device, the filling slurry preparation and conveying device, the filter pressing and dry discharge device, the cementing material storage and feeding metering device, the pipe washing device and the automatic control device are connected. The tailings thickening device, the filling slurry preparation and conveying device, the filter pressing and dry discharge device, the cementing material storage and feeding metering device, the pipe washing device and the automatic control device are connected. The automatic control device is used for controlling the operation of the tailings thickening device, the filling slurry preparation and conveying device, the filter pressing and dry discharge device, the cementing material storage and feeding metering device and the pipe washing device.

2. The system for intelligent regulation of underflow concentration of a deep cone thickener for tailings filling and filter pressing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tailings thickening device comprises a flocculant automatic dosing machine (102), a deep-cone thickener (101) and an overflow tank (104) connected in sequence. The flocculant automatic dosing machine (102) and the deep-cone thickener (101) are connected through a pipeline, and the deep-cone thickener (101) and the overflow tank (104) are connected through an overflow pipe (103). The flocculant automatic dosing machine (102) is provided with a first overflow valve (105), a second overflow valve (106), a third overflow valve (107), a first maintenance valve (118), a second maintenance valve (123) and a third electric regulating valve (310). The first maintenance valve (118) is connected in series with a feeding valve (119), a underflow circulating pump (120), a third electric knife gate valve (121), a fourth electric knife gate valve (122), a fifth electric knife gate valve (126), a feeding pump (125), a feeding valve (124), the feeding valve (124) and the flocculant automatic dosing machine (102) to form a loop. The third maintenance valve (301) is connected in series with a filter pressing feeding valve (302) and a filter pressing feeding pump (303). The first overflow valve (105), the second overflow valve (106) and the third overflow valve (107) are connected with the third electric knife gate valve (121). The flocculant automatic dosing machine (102) and the overflow tank (104) are connected in series with a first manual knife gate valve (110), a multi-stage booster pump (112), a second electric knife gate valve (117), a feeding valve (119) and a first maintenance valve (118) to form a loop. The flocculant automatic dosing machine (102) and the overflow tank (104) are connected in series with a manual knife gate valve (110), a multi-stage booster pump (112), an eighth electric knife gate valve (309), a filter pressing feeding valve (302) and a third maintenance valve (301) to form a loop. The flocculant automatic dosing machine (102) and the overflow tank (104) are connected in series with a manual knife gate valve (110), a multi-stage booster pump (112), a pressure reducing valve (311), a third electric regulating valve (310), a pressure gauge (312), a second flowmeter (313) and a first check valve (314) to form a loop.

3. The system for intelligent regulation of underflow concentration of a deep cone thickener for tailings filling and filter pressing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filling slurry preparation and conveying device comprises a double-shaft blade stirrer (201), a high-speed turbulent stirring barrel (202) and a pre-reserved industrial pump (203) connected in sequence. The second manual knife gate valve (111), the water pump (113), the first electric knife gate valve (114), the first flowmeter (115) and the first electric regulating valve (116) are sequentially connected between the double-shaft blade mixer (201) and the overflow pool (104); The fourth electric knife gate valve (122) and the fifth electric knife gate valve (126) are connected with the concentration meter (127); The concentration meter (127) is sequentially connected with the mortar flowmeter (128), the second electric regulating valve (129) and the double-shaft blade mixer (201); The high-speed turbulent stirring barrel (202) comprises a main barrel and a sub barrel, and the sub barrel is a discharge barrel; The bottom of the sub barrel and the main barrel is communicated, so that the level is consistent.

4. The system for intelligent regulation of underflow concentration of a deep cone thickener for backfill and filter pressing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure filtration and dry discharge device comprises a pressure filter (305), a tailings dispersing and dosing machine (307) and a belt conveyor (308); the pressure filtration feeding pump (303) is connected with the pressure filter (305), the tailings filter cake generated by the pressure filter (305) is treated by the tailings dispersing and dosing machine (307) and then is conveyed to the double-shaft blade mixer (201) through the belt conveyor (308).

5. The system for intelligent regulation of underflow concentration of a deep cone thickener for backfill and filter pressing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cement silo (401) is provided with a cement micro-powder scale (403) at the bottom end, and a spiral conveyor (404) is arranged at the bottom end side of the cement micro-powder scale (403); The spiral conveyor (404) is connected with the double-shaft blade mixer (201) through a cement material conveying pipeline (405).

6. The system for intelligent regulation of underflow concentration of a deep cone thickener for backfill and filter pressing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pipe washing device comprises a wind-water mixed pipe washer (501), which is sequentially connected with an electric ball valve (502), a second check valve (503), a sixth electric knife gate valve (204) and a reserved industrial pump (203); the wind-water mixed pipe washer (501) is sequentially connected with the electric ball valve (502) and the second check valve (503) and then is communicated to the underground filling goaf.

7. The system for intelligent regulation of underflow concentration of a deep cone thickener for backfill and filter pressing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic control device comprises a data sensing module, an edge computing module, a human-computer interaction module and an execution control module; The data sensing module is used for collecting the torque of the deep-cone thickener (101), the tailings concentration, the pipeline pressure, the flow and the equipment operation parameters in real time; The edge computing module is used for preventing the deep-cone thickener (101) from being pressed by a rake, switching a normal filling mode and a pressure filtration and dry discharge cooperative mode, determining a dynamic back-mixing amount according to the deep-cone underflow concentration, the pressure filtration tailings moisture content and the stirring outlet concentration, and predicting the underflow concentration value; The human-computer interaction module is used for displaying the process dynamics, the key parameters and the alarm information in real time, and providing a manual operation channel to support mode switching and parameter adjustment; The execution control module is used for linkage execution, controls the tailings concentration and adjusts the cement material supply in the normal filling mode, and adjusts the tailings concentration to a required value for pressure filtration.

8. A process for intelligent adjustment of underflow concentration of a deep cone thickener for tailings filling and filter pressing, characterized by, The system for intelligent adjustment of underflow concentration of a deep-cone thickener for tailings filling and filter pressing according to any one of claims 1-7, the process comprising the following steps: S1, low-concentration fine-grained tailings are pumped into the deep-cone thickener through a slurry pump, a flocculant automatic dosing machine adjusts the flocculant dosage in real time according to the tailings flow, and mixed flocculation is completed in the feedwell to form large-size flocs for accelerated sedimentation; the tailings are stratified in the deep-cone thickener, high-concentration underflow is formed at the bottom, and the overflow is collected in an overflow pool for use as process water or recycled in a beneficiation plant; an automatic control device monitors the torque of the thickener in real time to prevent the tailings from being deposited and compacted until the torque drops to a safe value; S2, when the underground filling demand is stable, the equipment is fault-free, the mining and dressing capacity is balanced, and the automatic control device is turned on, the deep-cone thickener underflow tailings are transported to the filling slurry preparation and delivery device; when the filling system is under maintenance, the equipment is abnormal, or the mining and dressing capacity is unbalanced, the automatic control system is turned off, the deep-cone underflow tailings are transported to the filter pressing and dry discharge device, and the tailings concentration is adjusted to generate tailings filter cake with a moisture content of less than 18%; S3, cement is fed into a cement storage and feeding metering device, and then quantitatively input into the filling slurry preparation and delivery device; the automatic control device adjusts the water quantity by adjusting the tailings thickening device to dynamically supplement water according to the slurry concentration requirement; S4, the filling slurry preparation and delivery device mixes tailings, cement, and water to fully ensure the mixing effect, and at the end of production, the high-speed turbulent stirring barrel is emptied; the slurry is directly delivered to the goaf; S5, after filling is completed, the pipeline is flushed at high speed for cleaning.

9. The process for intelligent regulation of underflow concentration for backfill and filter pressing of deep cone thickeners according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the step S2, when the filling system is under maintenance, the equipment is abnormal, or the mining and dressing capacity is unbalanced, the processing method comprises the following steps: S201, the tailings filter cake is temporarily stored in a stockyard, and is crushed by a tailings crushing and batching machine during filling; after crushing, the tailings are transported by a belt conveyor, and a microwave moisture content detector arranged above the belt conveyor verifies the moisture content in real time to be less than 18%; S202, start adaptive concentration compensation, according to the target filling concentration Co=65%, the deep cone underflow concentration C1, and the pressure filtration tailings moisture content, calculate the optimal back-doping amount through the closed-loop compensation formula : ； S203, a gamma-ray concentration meter C at the outlet of the stirring system 实 The mixed concentration is detected every 30 seconds; when The k value is automatically updated. k new =k old ×C 0 / C 实 ; Wherein, the initial correction coefficient k = 1.0, convergence range 0.8~1.2, control belt machine variable frequency motor speed, adjust back to the amount of mixing ; S204、When the bottom flow concentration is less than the preset value, the linkage opens the concentration water valve, and the water supplement is dynamically adjusted according to the water supplement amount. .

10. The process for intelligent regulation of underflow concentration for backfill and filter pressing of deep cone thickener as claimed in claim 8 wherein, In the step S4, the material level of the double-horizontal-shaft blade mixer in the filling slurry preparation and delivery device is controlled to be 60%-80%, the main barrel and the auxiliary barrel in the high-speed turbulent stirring barrel maintain a constant material level through the communicating vessel effect, the auxiliary barrel is a discharge barrel and is provided with upper and lower discharge ports; During production, the filling slurry mixed and stirred in the main barrel is discharged through the upper discharge port of the auxiliary barrel, and the material levels in the main barrel and the auxiliary barrel are always constant, which fully ensures the mixing effect, and at the end of production, the lower discharge port of the auxiliary barrel is opened to empty the stirring barrel.

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