Dike-penetrating pipeline vibration testing method and related equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering and structure health monitoring, in particular to an embankment penetrating pipeline vibration testing method and related equipment. According to the method, a multi-dimensional sensor group is arranged at the constraint end and the free extension end of a dike body, dynamic signals such as displacement, strain, pressure and vibration force are collected, and feature fusion is carried out on multi-source data to calculate the dynamic stiffness. Performing fast Fourier transform on the displacement data at the two ends to extract a main vibration frequency, and performing synchronous frequency sweeping and asynchronous verification test by using a fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm based on the dynamic stiffness and the main vibration frequency to obtain a target resonant frequency point set; and finally, according to the resonant frequency point set, determining a resonant frequency range and generating a test report, thereby realizing accurate identification of the vibration characteristics of the embankment-penetrating pipeline. According to the invention, high-precision, strong anti-interference and automatic acquisition of the resonance characteristic of the embankment-penetrating pipeline is realized, and the accuracy and reliability of vibration testing are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water conservancy engineering and structural health monitoring technology, and in particular to a vibration testing method and related equipment for pipelines crossing dikes. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, pipelines penetrating dikes are common water conveyance structures in water conservancy projects, and their operational safety is directly related to the stability of dikes and their flood control capabilities. During actual operation, pipelines penetrating dikes are often subjected to multi-source vibration excitations from water flow pulsations, geological settlement, traffic loads, etc. If their natural structural frequency is close to the external excitation frequency, resonance may occur, leading to structural fatigue, loosening of joints, or even rupture and leakage.

[0003] Currently, there is a relative lack of vibration testing methods for pipelines passing through embankments, mainly due to the following problems: Existing technologies lack dedicated vibration testing methods for pipelines passing through embankments, and existing tests mostly borrow from bridge or tunnel structure testing methods, resulting in poor applicability; Current methods cannot effectively identify the resonant frequency range of pipelines passing through embankments under different excitation sources, especially lacking a combination of synchronous and asynchronous vibration testing methods;

[0004] In summary, the technical problems existing in the relevant technologies need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this application is to propose a vibration testing method and related equipment for pipelines passing through dikes, so as to achieve high-precision, strong anti-interference and automated acquisition of the resonance characteristics of pipelines passing through dikes, and improve the accuracy and reliability of vibration testing.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, one aspect of this application proposes a vibration testing method for a pipeline passing through a levee. A multi-dimensional sensor array is installed at both the constrained end and the freely extending end of the pipeline. The method includes the following steps: The multi-dimensional sensor array collects dynamic signal data of the pipeline crossing the embankment; the dynamic signal data includes displacement data, strain data, pressure data, and vibration force data. Based on the dynamic signal data, feature fusion is performed to output fused feature data; Based on the fused feature data, the dynamic stiffness is calculated; A fast Fourier transform is performed on the first displacement data of the constrained end of the embankment and the second displacement data of the free extension end to extract the main vibration frequencies of the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment. Based on the dynamic stiffness and the main vibration frequency, a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm is used to perform synchronous frequency sweep test and asynchronous verification test to obtain the target resonance frequency point set. The resonant frequency range is determined based on the target resonant frequency point set, and a test report is output.

[0007] In some embodiments, the fused feature data includes dynamic displacement difference, dynamic strain difference, average vibration force, and medium pressure pulsation difference.

[0008] In some embodiments, the dynamic stiffness The calculation formula is as follows: ; in, Indicates dynamic stiffness; This represents the rate of change of strain over time corresponding to the dynamic strain difference. This represents the strain correction factor. This is the pressure correction factor; Indicates the dynamic displacement difference; This indicates a difference in medium pressure pulsation. This represents the average vibration force.

[0009] In some embodiments, the step of performing a Fast Fourier Transform based on the first displacement data of the constrained end of the embankment and the second displacement data of the free extension end to extract the main vibration frequencies of the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment includes: The first displacement data of the constrained end of the embankment and the second displacement data of the free extension end are preprocessed; the preprocessing includes denoising, normalization and time window segmentation. Perform a fast Fourier transform on the preprocessed first and second displacement data to convert the time-domain displacement signal into a frequency-domain amplitude-frequency response curve; Identify the frequency components corresponding to the peak amplitude in the frequency domain amplitude-frequency characteristic curve to obtain the frequency domain amplitude spectrum; Based on the frequency domain amplitude spectrum, select the frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude to generate the main vibration frequencies of the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment.

[0010] In some embodiments, the step of performing synchronous frequency sweep testing using a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm based on the dynamic stiffness and the main vibration frequency includes: The main vibration frequencies of the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment are synchronized by using a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm. Under synchronous conditions, perform continuous or segmented frequency sweeps according to a preset frequency step size to acquire real-time dynamic signal data; Calculate the first average dynamic frequency response curve based on the real-time dynamic signal data; Based on the first average dynamic frequency response curve, identify the frequency points corresponding to all amplitude peaks to form a preliminary candidate set of resonant frequencies.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of performing asynchronous verification testing using a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm based on the dynamic stiffness and the main vibration frequency to obtain the target resonance frequency point set includes: By using a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm, the main vibration frequency at the constraint end of the embankment is fixed as a candidate point for the resonance frequency. Under the condition that the main vibration frequency at the constrained end of the embankment remains constant, the vibration excitation input at the free extension end is gradually adjusted so that the dynamic frequency difference between the constrained end of the embankment and the free extension end corresponding to the main vibration frequency gradually decreases from the initial value to 0. The second average dynamic frequency response of the free extension end is calculated based on the real-time dynamic signal data of the dynamic frequency difference during the change process. Perform a first-order derivative operation on the second average dynamic frequency response, and identify all frequency points whose derivatives exceed a preset change threshold to form the target resonant frequency point set.

[0012] In some embodiments, the formula for calculating the dynamic frequency difference is as follows: ; in, Indicates dynamic frequency difference; Indicates the main vibration frequency at the constrained end of the embankment; This indicates the dominant vibration frequency at the freely extended end.

[0013] In some embodiments, the test report includes the original signal, dynamic parameter curves, and resonance identification results.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application provides a vibration testing system for a pipeline crossing a dam, the system comprising hardware components and software units; The hardware components include: A multi-dimensional sensor array is used to collect dynamic signal data from both ends of the pipeline and the pipeline body. Vibration excitation mechanisms at the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment are used to output vibration excitation. A synchronization clock module is used to output a timing synchronization signal to control the data timing synchronization between the multi-dimensional sensor group and the vibration excitation mechanism. A data acquisition card is used to perform multi-channel synchronous sampling of the dynamic signal data output by the multi-dimensional sensor group and convert it into digital signals; An industrial control computer is used to invoke software units to implement the above method based on the digital signals and obtain a test report; A display terminal is used to display the test report, which includes information such as the original waveform, dynamic parameter curves, and resonance identification results. The software unit includes: The dynamic data acquisition module is used to control the data acquisition card and the multi-dimensional sensor group to acquire dynamic signal data of the pipeline crossing the embankment; The dynamic parameter calculation module is used to perform feature fusion based on the dynamic signal data, output fused feature data, and calculate dynamic stiffness based on the fused feature data. The frequency analysis module is used to perform a fast Fourier transform on the displacement signal, extract the main vibration frequencies at both ends, and calculate the dynamic frequency difference. The dual-mode test control module is used to generate input signal control commands for the vibration excitation mechanisms at both ends based on the dynamic stiffness and the difference between the dynamic stiffness and the dynamic frequency, using a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm. The resonance identification and result output module is used to automatically filter frequency response peak points in synchronous mode, verify the authenticity of candidate points in asynchronous mode, determine the set and range of resonant frequency points, and output a test report.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the embodiments of this application proposes an electronic device, which includes a processor, an internal bus, a network interface, a memory, a non-volatile memory, a display unit, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the memory stores the computer program; The internal bus is used to realize electrical connections and data interaction between the processor, the memory, the non-volatile memory, the network interface and the display unit; The memory is operably connected to the processor via the internal bus and is used to store instructions and data called by the processor during operation; The non-volatile memory is operably connected to the processor via the internal bus and is used to persistently store the computer program; The network interface is operably connected to the processor via the internal bus, and is used to realize data communication between the electronic device and external devices or servers; The display unit is operably connected to the processor via the internal bus and is used to display test reports generated based on the computer program executed by the processor; The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described method.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the embodiments of this application proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0017] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0018] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides a vibration testing method and related equipment for pipelines crossing embankments. This scheme achieves synchronous acquisition of multi-source dynamic signals such as displacement, strain, pressure, and vibration force by setting up multi-dimensional sensor groups at the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment. Compared with traditional methods that rely on single measurements, it can comprehensively reflect the multi-dimensional response characteristics of pipelines crossing embankments under complex working conditions. By generating fused feature data through feature fusion, the coupling relationship between different physical quantities can be quantitatively expressed, thereby significantly improving the stability and accuracy of dynamic stiffness calculation and overcoming the problem that single-parameter calculation is easily affected by local interference. This invention uses the displacement signals of the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment to perform fast Fourier transforms respectively, extracts the main vibration frequencies at both ends, and calculates the dynamic frequency difference. This can accurately characterize the non-uniform vibration characteristics of the pipeline under different constraint conditions, making the resonance behavior discrimination more sensitive and reliable. Subsequently, by using dynamic stiffness and dynamic frequency difference as core inputs, a fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm is used to perform synchronous frequency sweep test and asynchronous verification test, realizing adaptive tuning and high-precision frequency seeking in the vibration excitation process. It can still stably lock the resonance point under the influence of environmental noise, sediment damping, and water flow disturbance. By statistically analyzing the set of resonant frequency points obtained from multiple tests, this invention can automatically determine the resonant frequency range and generate a test report, achieving quantification, visualization, and automated output of the resonant interval. Overall, this invention significantly improves the accuracy, anti-interference capability, and automation level of vibration testing for pipelines penetrating dams, providing more reliable data support for dam safety monitoring and hazard diagnosis. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a vibration testing method for a pipeline crossing a dam, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vibration testing system for a pipeline crossing a dam, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit it. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of this application; they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0021] It is understood that the terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in this application may be used herein to describe various concepts, but unless otherwise stated, these concepts are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one concept from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the words “if,” “when,” or “in response to a determination” as used herein may be interpreted as “when…” or “when…” or “in response to a determination.”

[0022] As used in this application, the terms "at least one", "multiple", "each", "any", etc., "at least one" includes one, two or more, "multiple" includes two or more, "each" refers to each of the corresponding multiples, and "any" refers to any one of the multiples.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0024] This application provides a vibration testing method and related equipment for pipelines crossing embankments. This method utilizes a multi-dimensional sensor array at both the constrained and free extension ends of the embankment to simultaneously acquire dynamic signals from multiple sources, including displacement, strain, pressure, and vibration force. Compared to traditional methods relying on single measurements, this comprehensively reflects the multi-dimensional response characteristics of pipelines crossing embankments under complex operating conditions. By generating fused feature data through feature fusion, the coupling relationships between different physical quantities are quantified, significantly improving the stability and accuracy of dynamic stiffness calculation and overcoming the problem of single-parameter calculations being susceptible to local interference. This invention uses fast Fourier transforms on the displacement signals from the constrained and free extension ends of the embankment to extract the main vibration frequencies at both ends and calculate the dynamic frequency difference. This accurately characterizes the non-uniform vibration characteristics of the pipeline under different constraint conditions, making resonance behavior identification more sensitive and reliable. Subsequently, by using dynamic stiffness and dynamic frequency difference as core inputs, a fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm is employed to perform synchronous frequency sweep testing and asynchronous verification testing. This achieves adaptive participation and high-precision frequency seeking during the vibration excitation process, ensuring stable locking of the resonance point even under the influence of environmental noise, sediment damping, and water flow disturbance. By statistically analyzing the set of resonant frequency points obtained from multiple tests, this invention can automatically determine the resonant frequency range and generate a test report, achieving quantification, visualization, and automated output of the resonant interval. Overall, this invention significantly improves the accuracy, anti-interference capability, and automation level of vibration testing for pipelines penetrating dams, providing more reliable data support for dam safety monitoring and hazard diagnosis.

[0025] This application provides a vibration testing method for pipelines penetrating embankments, relating to the field of hydraulic engineering and structural health monitoring technology. This method can be applied to a terminal, a server, or software running on either a terminal or a server. In some embodiments, the terminal can be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, smart speaker, smartwatch, or vehicle-mounted terminal, but is not limited to these. The server can be configured as an independent physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN, and big data and artificial intelligence platforms. The server can also be a node server in a blockchain network. The software can be an application implementing the vibration testing method for pipelines penetrating embankments, but is not limited to the above forms.

[0026] This application can be used in a wide variety of general-purpose or special-purpose computer system environments or configurations. Examples include: personal computers, server computers, handheld or portable devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics devices, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and distributed computing environments including any of the above systems or devices. This application can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. This application can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0027] Figure 1 This is an optional flowchart of a vibration testing method for a pipeline crossing a dam, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 The method may include, but is not limited to, steps S1 to S6: S1: Collect dynamic signal data of the pipeline crossing the embankment through a multi-dimensional sensor array; the dynamic signal data includes displacement data, strain data, pressure data, and vibration force data; In this embodiment, a multi-dimensional sensor group is deployed at both the constrained end and the free extension end of the pipeline passing through the embankment. The multi-dimensional sensor group includes: a displacement sensor (to collect axial / radial displacement of the pipeline), an acceleration sensor (to collect vibration acceleration), strain gauges (attached to the contact area between the pipeline and the embankment and the middle section of the pipeline to collect local strain), a pressure sensor (to collect pressure pulsations of the medium inside the pipeline), and a vibration force sensor (installed at both ends of the vibration excitation mechanism to collect excitation force).

[0028] The collected dynamic signal data includes dynamic signal data from the constrained end of the embankment and dynamic signal data from the freely extending end.

[0029] The dynamic signal data at the confined end of the embankment includes: first displacement data. (Axial / Radial) First Strain Data (Pipe confinement strain), first pressure data (Medium pressure), first vibration force data (Motivation); The dynamic signal data at the freely extended end includes: second displacement data. (Axial / Radial) Second Strain Data (Pipe circumferential constraint strain), second pressure data (Medium pressure), second vibration force data (Motivation).

[0030] S2: Perform feature fusion based on dynamic signal data and output fused feature data; among which, the fused feature data includes dynamic displacement difference, dynamic strain difference, average vibration force and medium pressure pulsation difference.

[0031] In this embodiment, the calculation of the fused feature data is as follows: Dynamic displacement difference : Reflects the relative displacement at both ends of the pipeline due to the difference in constraints. ; Dynamic strain difference This reflects the strain difference between the contact area between the pipeline and the embankment and the middle section of the pipeline. ; Average vibration force : Reflects the synergistic effect of incentives at both ends, ; Difference in medium pressure pulsation : Correcting the influence of internal medium excitation on vibration, .

[0032] S3: Calculate dynamic stiffness based on fused feature data; Among them, dynamic stiffness The calculation formula is as follows: ; in, Indicates dynamic stiffness; This represents the rate of change of strain over time corresponding to the dynamic strain difference. This represents the strain correction factor, which is determined based on the pipe material and the embankment constraint strength, and its value ranges from 0.05 to 0.2. This is a pressure correction factor, determined based on the medium density and pipe inner diameter, with a value ranging from 0.01 to 0.08. Indicates the dynamic displacement difference; This indicates a difference in medium pressure pulsation. This represents the average vibration force.

[0033] S4: Perform a fast Fourier transform on the first displacement data of the constrained end of the embankment and the second displacement data of the free extension end to extract the main vibration frequencies of the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment. The process of performing a Fast Fourier Transform on the first displacement data at the constrained end of the embankment and the second displacement data at the freely extending end to extract the main vibration frequencies at the constrained end and the freely extending end includes: The first displacement data at the constrained end of the embankment and the second displacement data at the freely extended end are preprocessed; the preprocessing includes denoising, normalization and time window segmentation. Perform a fast Fourier transform on the preprocessed first and second displacement data to convert the time-domain displacement signal into a frequency-domain amplitude-frequency response curve; Identify the frequency component corresponding to the peak amplitude in the frequency domain amplitude-frequency response curve to obtain the frequency domain amplitude spectrum; Based on the frequency domain amplitude spectrum, select the frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude to generate the main vibration frequencies of the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment.

[0034] In this embodiment, the displacement time history data collected from the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment are preprocessed to ensure the accuracy of subsequent frequency domain analysis. The preprocessing process includes three parts: First, wavelet denoising, moving average, or bandpass filtering are used to filter out electromagnetic noise, environmental vibration interference, and background noise from the excitation equipment, making the displacement signal smoother. Second, the displacement signals at both ends are normalized to resolve deviations caused by differences in sensor sensitivity, installation tightness, and sampling amplitude, making the frequency domain amplitudes comparable. Third, the continuously collected time history signal is divided into multiple time windows of appropriate length, typically using a sliding window of 2 to 5 seconds, so that the vibration data within each window can be considered a stable response, which facilitates improving the frequency resolution of the FFT and avoids transient outliers affecting the identification of the dominant frequency.

[0035] Subsequently, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed on the preprocessed displacement signals at both ends under each time window, converting the time-domain vibration response into a frequency-domain amplitude-frequency characteristic curve. During the conversion, the system applies windowing processing (such as the Hanning window) to the time window data to reduce spectral leakage and make the peaks more concentrated and sharp. The FFT results are plotted with frequency on the x-axis and amplitude on the y-axis, forming a three-dimensional and comparable frequency-domain curve. For the constrained end of the embankment, due to the higher constraint strength, the frequency-domain peaks are usually more stable and the energy distribution is more concentrated; for the freely extending end, due to the weaker constraint and larger vibration amplitude, the frequency-domain response may exhibit a more significant main peak or richer higher-order components. The system saves the frequency-domain curves at both ends separately and extracts peak candidates.

[0036] After obtaining the frequency domain curve, the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve is analyzed using a peak identification algorithm, focusing on identifying the amplitude peaks at different frequencies. First, the frequency domain curve is smoothed to eliminate local spikes and interference. Then, the amplitude variation trend across the entire frequency band is searched to identify possible primary and secondary peaks, and the identification results are recorded as a frequency domain amplitude spectrum. Subsequently, the frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude in the frequency domain amplitude spectrum is selected as the main vibration frequency at that end. To improve accuracy, it is also checked whether the main frequency remains stable within a continuous time window. If the main frequency shows small variations across multiple windows, it is confirmed as a valid main frequency. Finally, the main vibration frequencies at the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment are output respectively, providing crucial inputs for subsequent dynamic frequency difference analysis and fuzzy adaptive PID control parameter tuning.

[0037] In this embodiment, the main vibration frequencies at both ends are extracted: the main vibration frequency at the constrained end of the embankment and the main vibration frequency at the freely extending end.

[0038] Specifically, the main vibration frequency at the confined end of the embankment. ,in for The frequency domain representation, The function of the independent variable that takes the maximum value; Specifically, the main vibration frequency of the free extension end ,in for The frequency domain representation of .

[0039] S5: Based on dynamic stiffness and main vibration frequency, a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm is used to perform synchronous frequency sweep test and asynchronous verification test to obtain the target resonance frequency point set; Among them, based on dynamic stiffness and main vibration frequency, a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm is used to perform synchronous frequency sweep test, including: The main vibration frequencies of the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment are synchronized by using a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm. Under synchronous conditions, perform continuous or segmented frequency sweeps according to a preset frequency step size to acquire real-time dynamic signal data; The first average dynamic frequency response curve is calculated based on real-time dynamic signal data. Based on the first average dynamic frequency response curve, the frequency points corresponding to all amplitude peaks are identified to form a preliminary candidate set of resonant frequencies.

[0040] Based on dynamic stiffness and main vibration frequencies, an asynchronous verification test was performed using a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm to obtain the target resonance frequency point set, including: By using a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm, the main vibration frequency at the constrained end of the embankment is fixed as a candidate point for the resonance frequency. Under the condition that the main vibration frequency at the constrained end of the embankment remains constant, the vibration excitation input at the free extension end is gradually adjusted so that the dynamic frequency difference between the corresponding main vibration frequencies at the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment gradually decreases from the initial value to 0. The second average dynamic frequency response at the free extension end is calculated based on the real-time dynamic signal data during the change of dynamic frequency difference. Perform first-order derivative operation on the second average dynamic frequency response, and identify all frequency points whose derivatives exceed a preset change threshold to form a target resonant frequency point set.

[0041] The formula for calculating the dynamic frequency difference is as follows: ; in, Indicates dynamic frequency difference; Indicates the main vibration frequency at the constrained end of the embankment; This indicates the dominant vibration frequency at the freely extended end.

[0042] In this embodiment, after calculating the dynamic stiffness and dynamic frequency difference, the synchronous frequency sweep test phase begins. This phase utilizes a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm as its core. By real-time reading of the main vibration frequencies and dynamic frequency difference at both ends, the excitation frequencies of the vibration excitation mechanisms at both ends are adjusted to ensure that the main frequencies of the constrained end and the freely extending end of the embankment remain consistent, thus achieving synchronous vibration. The control algorithm continuously corrects the vibration output based on changes in dynamic stiffness, maintaining a stable synchronous state of the structure under different excitation intensities. Subsequently, continuous or segmented frequency sweeps are performed according to a preset frequency step size. During the entire frequency sweep process, real-time dynamic signal data such as displacement, acceleration, pressure, and vibration force are collected, and a first average dynamic frequency response curve is calculated based on these signals to demonstrate the overall response of the structure at different frequencies. By identifying the peak positions in this response curve, a set of frequency points that may trigger structural resonance can be determined, thus forming a preliminary candidate set of resonance frequencies.

[0043] After completing the synchronous frequency sweep, the asynchronous verification test phase begins, used to confirm the candidate frequency points of the initial resonant frequency candidate set one by one. In this phase, a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm is first used to lock the vibration output frequency of the constrained end of the embankment at a specific candidate frequency point, ensuring that this end maintains a constant dominant frequency. Subsequently, fine-tuning of the excitation at the free extension end begins. By gradually reducing the dynamic frequency difference between the two ends, the dominant frequency of the free extension end gradually approaches the locked frequency of the constrained end of the embankment from its deviation state. As the dynamic frequency difference gradually disappears, the dynamic signal of the free extension end is simultaneously acquired, and the second average dynamic frequency response of the free extension end is calculated. This curve reflects the amplification trend of the structure's response as it gradually approaches the candidate resonant point, serving as a key basis for verifying the authenticity of the resonance.

[0044] After the second average dynamic frequency response is generated, its first derivative is calculated to determine the structure's sensitivity to minute frequency changes. When the derivative value significantly exceeds a preset threshold within a certain frequency range, it indicates a significant enhancement in the structural response near that point, representing a true resonance state. These frequency points with abrupt derivative changes are identified as the final resonance frequency points. By repeating the asynchronous verification process for all candidate points, a complete set of target resonance frequency points can be obtained. This set not only eliminates misjudgments caused by noise or non-structural peaks but also accurately reflects the actual resonance characteristics of the pipeline under current operating conditions, providing a reliable basis for subsequent resonance frequency range delineation and structural safety assessment.

[0045] In this embodiment, the synchronization mode test is performed as follows: Synchronize the main vibration frequencies of the confined end and the free extension end of the embankment. And scan within the preset frequency range (frequency range) ,in The low-frequency threshold is determined based on the pipe diameter, and is usually taken as 1Hz. The high-frequency threshold (determined based on the fatigue limit of the pipe material, typically taken as 50Hz)); Record the average dynamic frequency response of the pipeline during the scanning process (calculated using accelerometer signals, reflecting the relationship between vibration amplitude and frequency). The frequency corresponding to the peak point of the average dynamic frequency response is denoted as the candidate resonant frequency point. .

[0046] The asynchronous mode test is as follows: The fixed embankment constraint end frequency is the candidate point Gradually adjust the frequency at the free extension end to make the dynamic frequency difference From initial value Gradually reduce to 0; Record different The second average dynamic frequency response; Calculate the first derivative of the second average dynamic frequency response. If the derivative is greater than the preset threshold (determined based on the allowable vibration amplitude of the pipeline, typically taken as 0.8 m / s²), If the Hz value is high, then the candidate point is confirmed. This is the final resonant frequency point; Repeat the above process to verify all candidate points and form a set of resonant frequency points.

[0047] S6: Determine the resonant frequency range based on the set of resonant frequency points and output a test report; the test report includes the original signal, dynamic parameter curves, and resonance identification results.

[0048] In this embodiment, after completing synchronous frequency sweep and asynchronous verification, the obtained set of resonant frequency points is first organized and filtered. Specifically, the resonant points are sorted from low to high frequency, and the validity of each candidate point is verified using dynamic stiffness curves, dynamic frequency difference curves, and average dynamic frequency response curves, eliminating occasional peak points caused by factors such as instantaneous noise, excitation instability, or sensor jitter. Points that appear in multiple scans, have stable peak characteristics, and are verified by asynchronous mode derivatives are marked as "valid resonant points." Subsequently, based on the distance between valid resonant points, the distribution of structural response amplitude, and the characteristics of vibration modes, adjacent resonant points are combined into continuous characteristic frequency intervals, thereby determining the resonant frequency range of the pipeline under this working condition.

[0049] Once the resonant frequency range is established, a complete test report is automatically generated. The report includes three core types of information: First, the raw signal data, covering the time history curves and corresponding spectra of displacement, strain, pressure, and vibration force at both ends, used to demonstrate the most basic vibration response of the structure; second, the dynamic parameter analysis results, including the dynamic stiffness variation trend, dynamic frequency difference curve, and average dynamic frequency response peak diagram, enabling readers to intuitively understand the changes in stress stiffness and resonance sensitivity of the structure under different excitation frequencies; and third, the resonance identification results, which centrally lists the set of resonant frequency points, the finally determined resonant frequency range, the peak amplitude of each resonance point and the corresponding operating condition description, and clearly identifies the operating frequency ranges that may pose a structural fatigue risk or should be avoided.

[0050] In terms of output, the system supports exporting reports in PDF format for archiving and technical evaluation by engineering units. Simultaneously, all raw data and dynamic parameters can be exported to Excel format, facilitating more detailed numerical analysis or comparison with data from other monitoring periods. In engineering sites requiring long-term monitoring, the system can automatically compare the resonant frequency range obtained from this test with historical records, indicating potential structural safety hazards such as frequency drift, stiffness reduction, or abnormal increases. This provides evidence-based technical support for subsequent operation, maintenance, and reinforcement decisions for pipelines crossing embankments.

[0051] In this embodiment, a sewage pipe that passes through a levee in a plain area is taken as an example. The pipe is made of Q235 steel with an inner diameter of 1.2m. The levee is made of concrete and the pipe is buried at a depth of 3m. It transports sewage (flow rate of 1.5m³ / s) and needs to test its resonant frequency range under normal operating conditions.

[0052] Displacement sensor (radial), acceleration sensor, strain gauge (4 evenly pasted around the pipe), pressure sensor, and vibration force sensor are installed at the confined end of the pipeline (0.5m away from the embankment). Install the same type of sensor at the free extension end (5m away from the embankment); install an electromagnetic vibration excitation mechanism on the outside of the sensors at both ends, and connect the synchronous clock module and the data acquisition card; Debug the industrial control computer and display terminal to ensure that the sensor signals are normal and the excitation mechanism responds stably.

[0053] Preset frequency range: , Frequency sweep step size: 0.2Hz; Initial frequency difference in asynchronous mode Correction factor: (Steel pipes + concrete confinement). (Wastewater density 1000 kg / m³); Frequency response derivative threshold: 0.7 m / s² Hz.

[0054] Synchronous mode test (lasts 1 hour). Activate the dual-mode test control module and adjust the excitation mechanisms at both ends. The frequency is gradually swept from 1Hz to 30Hz; the dynamic parameter calculation module calculates in real time. and The frequency analysis module extracts the frequency domain curve; the resonance identification module filters the frequency response peak points to obtain candidate points. , , .

[0055] Asynchronous mode test (lasts 1.5 hours).

[0056] For each candidate point, the fixed embankment constraint end frequency is: Gradually decrease the frequency at the free extension end, so that From 3Hz to 0; Record the second average dynamic frequency response and calculate the first derivative: when hour, (Greater than the threshold, confirm the resonance point); when hour, (Greater than the threshold, confirm the resonance point); when .hour, (Candidate points are excluded if they are less than the threshold). Final set of resonant frequencies: , .

[0057] Results and Analysis. Resonance frequency range: 7.5Hz-14.3Hz; Under normal sewage discharge conditions, the resonance frequency range of this pipeline through the embankment is 7.5Hz-14.3Hz. It is necessary to avoid external excitations (such as pump station start-up and shutdown, water flow impact) falling into this range to prevent pipeline vibration fatigue damage.

[0058] Please see Figure 2 This application also provides a vibration testing system for pipelines crossing embankments, the system including hardware components and software units; The hardware components include: A multi-dimensional sensor array is used to collect dynamic signal data from both ends of the pipeline and the pipeline body. Vibration excitation mechanisms at the constrained end and the free extension end of the embankment are used to output vibration excitation. The synchronization clock module is used to output a timing synchronization signal to control the timing synchronization of data between the multi-dimensional sensor group and the vibration excitation mechanism. The data acquisition card is used to perform multi-channel synchronous sampling of dynamic signal data output by a multi-dimensional sensor group and convert it into digital signals; An industrial control computer is used to invoke software units to implement the above method based on digital signals and obtain a test report; The display terminal is used to show the test report, which includes information such as the original waveform, dynamic parameter curves, and resonance identification results.

[0059] The software unit includes: The dynamic data acquisition module is used to control the data acquisition card and the multi-dimensional sensor group to acquire dynamic signal data of the pipeline crossing the embankment; The dynamic parameter calculation module is used to perform feature fusion based on dynamic signal data, output fused feature data, and calculate dynamic stiffness based on the fused feature data. The frequency analysis module is used to perform a fast Fourier transform on the displacement signal, extract the main vibration frequencies at both ends, and calculate the dynamic frequency difference. The dual-mode test control module is used to generate input signal control commands for the vibration excitation mechanisms at both ends based on the dynamic stiffness and dynamic frequency difference, using a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm. The resonance identification and result output module is used to automatically filter frequency response peak points in synchronous mode, verify the authenticity of candidate points in asynchronous mode, determine the set and range of resonant frequency points, and output a test report.

[0060] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this system embodiment. The specific functions implemented in this system embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved in the above method embodiments.

[0061] Please see Figure 3 This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a processor, an internal bus, a network interface, a memory, a non-volatile memory, a display unit, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. The memory stores the computer program. The internal bus is used to realize electrical connections and data exchange between the processor, memory, non-volatile memory, network interface and display unit; The memory is operably connected to the processor via an internal bus and is used to store instructions and data called during processor operation; Non-volatile memory is operatively connected to the processor via an internal bus and is used for persistent storage of computer programs; The network interface is operably connected to the processor via an internal bus and is used to enable data communication between electronic devices and external devices or servers. The display unit is operably connected to the processor via an internal bus and is used to display test reports generated based on computer programs executed by the processor. The processor implements the above method when executing a computer program. This electronic device can be any smart terminal, including tablet computers, in-vehicle computers, and more.

[0062] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this device embodiment. The specific functions implemented by this device embodiment are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0063] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0064] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this storage medium embodiment. The specific functions implemented in this storage medium embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved in the above method embodiments.

[0065] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0066] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to the embodiments of this program product. The specific functions implemented by the embodiments of this program product are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0067] Memory, as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transitory software programs and non-transitory computer-executable programs. Furthermore, memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, memory may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0068] This application provides a vibration testing method and related equipment for pipelines crossing embankments. This method utilizes a multi-dimensional sensor array at both the constrained and free extension ends of the embankment to simultaneously acquire dynamic signals from multiple sources, including displacement, strain, pressure, and vibration force. Compared to traditional methods relying on single measurements, this comprehensively reflects the multi-dimensional response characteristics of pipelines crossing embankments under complex operating conditions. By generating fused feature data through feature fusion, the coupling relationships between different physical quantities are quantified, significantly improving the stability and accuracy of dynamic stiffness calculation and overcoming the problem of single-parameter calculations being susceptible to local interference. This invention uses fast Fourier transforms on the displacement signals from the constrained and free extension ends of the embankment to extract the main vibration frequencies at both ends and calculate the dynamic frequency difference. This accurately characterizes the non-uniform vibration characteristics of the pipeline under different constraint conditions, making resonance behavior identification more sensitive and reliable. Subsequently, by using dynamic stiffness and dynamic frequency difference as core inputs, a fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm is employed to perform synchronous frequency sweep testing and asynchronous verification testing. This achieves adaptive participation and high-precision frequency seeking during the vibration excitation process, ensuring stable locking of the resonance point even under the influence of environmental noise, sediment damping, and water flow disturbance. By statistically analyzing the set of resonant frequency points obtained from multiple tests, this invention can automatically determine the resonant frequency range and generate a test report, achieving quantification, visualization, and automated output of the resonant interval. Overall, this invention significantly improves the accuracy, anti-interference capability, and automation level of vibration testing for pipelines penetrating dams, providing more reliable data support for dam safety monitoring and hazard diagnosis.

[0069] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0071] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0072] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, as well as the functional modules / units in the systems and devices, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0073] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0074] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of testing a pipeline through an embankment for vibrations, the method comprising: The method comprises the following steps: A multi-dimensional sensor group is arranged at the constraint end and the free extension end of the embankment of the embankment-penetrating pipeline, and the method comprises the following steps: Dynamic signal data of the embankment-penetrating pipeline is collected by the multi-dimensional sensor group; the dynamic signal data comprises displacement data, strain data, pressure data and vibration force data; Feature fusion is performed based on the dynamic signal data, and fusion feature data is output; Dynamic stiffness is calculated based on the fusion feature data; Fast Fourier transform is performed on first displacement data of the constraint end and second displacement data of the free extension end, and main vibration frequencies of the constraint end and the free extension end are extracted; Based on the dynamic stiffness and the main vibration frequencies, a fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm is used to perform synchronous sweep frequency testing and asynchronous verification testing, and a target resonance frequency point set is obtained; 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, A resonance frequency range is determined according to the target resonance frequency point set, and a test report is output.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The dynamic stiffness The formula for the calculation is as follows: ； wherein, represents a dynamic stiffness; represents a strain time rate of change corresponding to a dynamic strain difference, represents a strain correction coefficient, is a pressure correction coefficient; represents a dynamic displacement difference; represents a medium pressure pulsation difference; represents an average vibration force.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The fusion feature data comprises dynamic displacement difference, dynamic strain difference, average vibration force and medium pressure pulsation difference. The fast Fourier transform on the first displacement data of the constraint end and the second displacement data of the free extension end to extract the main vibration frequencies of the constraint end and the free extension end comprises: The first displacement data of the constraint end and the second displacement data of the free extension end are preprocessed; the preprocessing comprises denoising, normalization and time window segmentation; Fast Fourier transform is performed on the preprocessed first displacement data and second displacement data, and time-domain displacement signals are converted into frequency-domain amplitude-frequency characteristic curves; The frequency components corresponding to the amplitude peaks in the frequency-domain amplitude-frequency characteristic curves are identified, and a frequency-domain amplitude spectrum is obtained; 5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude is selected from the frequency-domain amplitude spectrum, and the main vibration frequencies of the constraint end and the free extension end are generated. The synchronous sweep frequency testing based on the dynamic stiffness and the main vibration frequencies by using the fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm comprises: The main vibration frequencies of the constraint end and the free extension end are synchronized by using the fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm; Continuous or segmented sweep frequency is performed according to a preset frequency step under the synchronization condition, and real-time dynamic signal data is obtained; A first average dynamic frequency response curve is calculated based on the real-time dynamic signal data; 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, A preliminary resonance frequency candidate set is identified based on the first average dynamic frequency response curve. The asynchronous verification testing based on the dynamic stiffness and the main vibration frequencies by using the fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm to obtain the target resonance frequency point set comprises: The main vibration frequency of the constraint end is fixed as a resonance frequency candidate point by using the fuzzy adaptive PID control algorithm; Under the condition that the main vibration frequency of the constraint end remains constant, the vibration excitation input of the free extension end is gradually adjusted, so that the dynamic frequency difference between the constraint end and the free extension end corresponding to the main vibration frequency gradually decreases from an initial value to 0. According to the real-time dynamic signal data in the variation process of the dynamic frequency difference, a second average dynamic frequency response of the free extending end is calculated; A first derivative operation is performed on the second average dynamic frequency response, and all frequency points with derivatives exceeding a preset variation threshold are identified to form the target resonance frequency point set.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The calculation formula of the dynamic frequency difference is as follows: ； wherein, represents the dynamic frequency difference; represents the main vibration frequency of the constraint end of the embankment body; represents the main vibration frequency of the free extension end.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The test report includes original signals, dynamic parameter curves, and resonance identification results.

9. A through-dike pipe vibration testing system, comprising: The system includes hardware components and software units; The hardware components include: A multi-dimensional sensor group is configured to collect dynamic signal data of both ends of the pipeline and the pipeline body; A vibration excitation mechanism of the dam body constraint end and the free extending end is configured to output vibration excitation; A synchronous clock module is configured to output a time sequence synchronization signal to control data time sequence synchronization of the multi-dimensional sensor group and the vibration excitation mechanism through the time sequence synchronization signal; A data acquisition card is configured to perform multi-channel synchronous sampling on the dynamic signal data output by the multi-dimensional sensor group and convert the dynamic signal data into digital signals; An industrial control computer is configured to call the software units to perform the method of any one of claims 1-8 based on the digital signals and obtain a test report; A display terminal is configured to display the test report, and information in the test report includes original waveforms, dynamic parameter curves, and resonance identification results; The software units include: A dynamic data acquisition module is configured to control the data acquisition card and the multi-dimensional sensor group to collect dynamic signal data of the pipeline; A dynamic parameter calculation module is configured to perform feature fusion based on the dynamic signal data, output fused feature data, and calculate dynamic stiffness based on the fused feature data; A frequency analysis module is configured to perform fast Fourier transform on displacement signals, extract main vibration frequencies of both ends, and calculate a dynamic frequency difference; A dual-mode test control module is configured to generate input signal control instructions of the vibration excitation mechanism of both ends based on a fuzzy self-adaptive PID control algorithm according to dynamic stiffness and the dynamic frequency difference; A resonance identification and result output module is configured to automatically filter frequency response peak points in a synchronous mode, verify the authenticity of candidate points in an asynchronous mode, determine a resonance frequency point set and range, and output a test report.

10. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device includes a processor, an internal bus, a network interface, a memory, a non-volatile memory, a display unit, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the memory stores the computer program; The internal bus is used to electrically connect and exchange data between the processor, the memory, the non-volatile memory, the network interface, and the display unit; The memory and the processor are operatively connected through the internal bus, and are used to store instructions and data called by the processor during operation; The non-volatile memory is operatively connected with the processor through the internal bus, and is used to persistently store the computer program; The network interface is operatively connected with the processor through the internal bus, and is used to realize data communication between the electronic device and an external device or a server; The display unit is operatively connected with the processor through the internal bus, and is used for displaying a test report generated based on the execution of the computer program by the processor. The processor implements the method according to any one of claims 1-8 when executing the computer program.

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