Partial discharge electric field measurement control method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a partial discharge electric field measurement control method and system, and relates to the technical field of quantum sensing. The method is applied to a specific electric field measurement system, the system takes a Rydberg atomic gas chamber as a core, a temperature control assembly, an active compensation coil and an electromagnetic shielding assembly are sequentially nested from inside to outside, and a PID controller is arranged. The real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic air chamber, the magnetic field value around the air chamber and the magnetic field value inside the air chamber are obtained, and a multi-dimensional state monitoring basis is constructed; secondly, based on the real-time temperature and PID controller operation, an adjusting signal is generated, a temperature control assembly is driven to adjust the working state, and precise regulation and control of the temperature in the air chamber are achieved; and finally, preliminarily attenuating an external strong magnetic field through an electromagnetic shielding assembly in combination with the peripheral magnetic field value, and controlling an active compensation coil to generate a counteracting magnetic field which is as large as and reverse to the residual interference magnetic field according to the internal magnetic field value to finish stabilization of the internal magnetic field of the air chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum sensing technology, and in particular to a method and system for measuring and controlling partial discharge electric fields. Background Technology

[0002] Partial discharge is an early sign of insulation degradation in power equipment (such as gas-insulated switchgear GIS and power transformers). Accurate measurement of its electric field signal is crucial for equipment health diagnosis and fault prevention. Quantum sensing technology based on Rydberg atoms has become a core research direction in this field due to its ultra-high sensitivity and wide frequency band advantages. The energy level transition signal of Rydberg atoms can directly map the electric field intensity, but its sensing accuracy depends entirely on the stability of the internal temperature and magnetic field of the gas chamber. Once the temperature and magnetic field environment becomes unstable, it will directly lead to inaccurate measurement of the partial discharge electric field.

[0003] Existing technologies cannot simultaneously solve the two core bottlenecks of temperature and magnetic field stability. They cannot achieve high-precision control of the gas chamber temperature, nor can they build a strong anti-interference magnetic field environment, resulting in inaccurate results of partial discharge electric field measurements based on Rydberg atoms. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for measuring and controlling the electric field of partial discharge, in order to solve the problem that the temperature and magnetic field of the Rydberg atomic gas cell are unstable, resulting in inaccurate electric field measurement results.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a partial discharge electric field measurement and control method, applied to an electric field measurement system. The electric field measurement system includes a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, a temperature control component, an active compensation coil, an electromagnetic shielding component, and a PID controller electrically connected to the temperature control component, arranged sequentially from the inside out. The control method includes: acquiring the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, the magnetic field value of its outer periphery, and the magnetic field value of its interior; obtaining an adjustment signal based on the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber and the PID controller; adjusting the temperature control component based on the adjustment signal to adjust the temperature inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber; attenuating the external magnetic field based on the magnetic field value of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber's outer periphery and the electromagnetic shielding component; and generating a counteracting magnetic field of the attenuated residual interference magnetic field based on the internal magnetic field value and the active compensation coil to adjust the magnetic field inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the temperature control component includes a distributed heating element and a temperature sensor. The distributed heating element is disposed on the outer surface of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, and the temperature sensor is disposed at both ends and the middle of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber. Based on the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber and a PID controller, an adjustment signal is obtained, including: determining the temperature deviation based on the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber measured by the temperature sensor and a preset target temperature; calculating an adjustment signal for the power of the distributed heating element based on the temperature deviation and the PID controller; adjusting the temperature control component based on the adjustment signal to adjust the temperature inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, including: adjusting the heating power of the distributed heating element based on the adjustment signal to adjust the temperature inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, so that the temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber is stabilized at the preset target temperature.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the external magnetic field is attenuated based on the magnetic field value around the Rydberg atomic gas chamber and the electromagnetic shielding components. This includes: determining the intensity of external interference based on the magnetic field value around the Rydberg atomic gas chamber; attenuating the external magnetic field through the electromagnetic shielding components; and adjusting the magnetic field inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber by generating a counteracting magnetic field of the attenuated residual interference magnetic field based on the internal magnetic field value and the active compensation coil. This includes: determining the magnetic field deviation based on the internal magnetic field value and a preset target magnetic field value; the magnetic field strength corresponding to the magnetic field deviation is the attenuated residual interference magnetic field; and controlling the active compensation coil to operate according to the magnetic field deviation result, so that the magnetic field inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber is stabilized within the range required for quantum sensing, thereby adjusting the magnetic field inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the operation of the active compensation coil is controlled based on the magnetic field deviation result to stabilize the magnetic field in the Rydberg atomic gas chamber within the range required for quantum sensing. This adjustment of the magnetic field within the Rydberg atomic gas chamber includes: if the absolute value of the magnetic field deviation result is greater than a preset threshold, controlling the active compensation coil to generate a canceling magnetic field with the same strength but opposite direction as the interfering magnetic field, in order to work with the electromagnetic shielding component to suppress interference and make the magnetic field inside the gas chamber approach the preset target magnetic field value; if the absolute value of the deviation result is less than or equal to the preset threshold, stopping the dynamic adjustment of the active compensation coil, and using a multi-layer metal shielding layer to maintain the attenuation of the external magnetic field, so that the magnetic field inside the gas chamber is stabilized within the preset target range.

[0009] In one possible implementation, obtaining the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic chamber includes: performing Kalman filtering on the temperature data of the Rydberg atomic chamber to obtain filtered temperature data; wherein the temperature data of the Rydberg atomic chamber includes the temperature data at both ends and the temperature data in the middle of the Rydberg atomic chamber; and performing a weighted average on the filtered temperature data to calculate the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic chamber.

[0010] In one possible implementation, an insulation layer is set between the active compensation coil and the electromagnetic shielding component. The insulation layer blocks the heat generated by the temperature control component from being transferred to the electromagnetic shielding component, thereby preventing changes in the magnetic permeability of the electromagnetic shielding component due to temperature fluctuations. At the same time, it isolates the internal thermal stability of the air chamber from external ambient temperature interference.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the electromagnetic shielding component includes a multi-layer metal shielding layer and a conductive coating. The multi-layer metal shielding layer attenuates the external magnetic field, and the conductive coating shields low-frequency electric field noise. The conductive coating is connected to a grounding resistor.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the multilayer metal shielding layer is a nested structure of metal shielding cylinders with a preset number of layers; an air layer with a preset distance is provided between two adjacent metal shielding cylinders to avoid mutual interference of magnetic permeability between adjacent metal shielding layers; a conductive coating is provided on the outer surface of the multilayer metal shielding layer, and the conductive coating is an indium tin oxide thin film.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the active compensation coil is a non-magnetic wire, and the active compensation coil is arranged coaxially with the Rydberg atomic gas cell.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a partial discharge electric field measurement system, comprising: a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, a temperature control component, an active compensation coil, an electromagnetic shielding component, and a PID controller electrically connected to the temperature control component, arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside; the temperature control component includes a distributed heating element and a temperature sensor, the distributed heating element being disposed on the outer surface of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, and the temperature sensor being disposed at both ends and the middle of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber; the active compensation coil is a non-magnetic wire and is coaxially arranged with the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, and the active compensation coil is sleeved on the outer periphery of the temperature control component; an insulation layer is sleeved on the outer periphery of the active compensation coil, and the insulation layer blocks heat transfer; the electromagnetic shielding component includes a multi-layer metal shielding layer and a conductive coating, the multi-layer metal shielding layer is a nested structure of a predetermined number of metal shielding cylinders, and an air layer with a predetermined distance between adjacent metal shielding cylinders, the multi-layer metal shielding layer is sleeved on the outer periphery of the insulation layer, the conductive coating is disposed on the outer surface of the multi-layer metal shielding layer, and the conductive coating is connected to a grounding resistor.

[0015] In this embodiment of the invention, regarding temperature control, a closed-loop feedback mechanism for the gas chamber temperature is constructed through the cooperation of a temperature control component and a PID controller. This mechanism adjusts the gas chamber temperature to precisely stabilize the vapor density of the alkali metal within the chamber, providing a stable atomic source for electric field measurement. Regarding magnetic field control, an electromagnetic shielding component first attenuates the external strong magnetic field. Then, an active compensation coil generates a reverse canceling magnetic field based on the internal magnetic field value to supplement and eliminate residual magnetic fluctuations not eliminated by the electromagnetic shielding component, stabilizing the internal magnetic field within the range required for quantum sensing. The synergistic effect of these components ultimately provides a temperature-stable environment with minimal magnetic field interference for partial discharge electric field measurement, ensuring measurement accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of the partial discharge electric field measurement and control method provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the partial discharge electric field measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] See Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the implementation flowchart of the partial discharge electric field measurement and control method provided in this embodiment of the invention. The control method is applied to an electric field measurement system, which includes a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, a temperature control component, an active compensation coil, an electromagnetic shielding component, and a PID controller electrically connected to the temperature control component, arranged sequentially from the inside out. Details are as follows: Step 101: Obtain the real-time temperature, the surrounding magnetic field value, and the internal magnetic field value of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber.

[0019] In some embodiments, the Rydberg atom gas cell is a core container that stores alkali metal atoms (such as rubidium and cesium atoms) and keeps them in the Rydberg state. It is the core of quantum sensing for partial discharge electric field measurement. The energy levels of Rydberg atoms are highly sensitive to external electric fields, and their energy level transition frequencies change with the electric field strength. By detecting this frequency change, the magnitude of the partial discharge electric field can be inferred. Therefore, the gas cell is the basic carrier for realizing electric field measurement.

[0020] In some embodiments, the Rydberg atom chamber is typically a sealed cavity made of transparent glass / quartz, filled with a low concentration of alkali metal vapor (such as rubidium-87, cesium-133), and mixed with inert gases (such as argon, nitrogen) to reduce collision losses of alkali metal atoms and prolong the time the atoms are in the Rydberg state.

[0021] In some embodiments, the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atom gas cell refers to the actual temperature inside and on the surface of the Rydberg atom gas cell, which is a key parameter affecting the vapor density of alkali metals inside the gas cell. The vapor density of alkali metals (such as rubidium) fluctuates exponentially with temperature (the vapor density may double for every 10°C increase in temperature), and the vapor density directly determines the number of Rydberg atoms participating in energy level transitions, thereby affecting the sensitivity and stability of electric field measurement.

[0022] In some embodiments, the magnetic field value around the Rydberg atomic gas chamber refers to the magnetic field strength in the area outside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, between the active compensation coil and the electromagnetic shielding component (in conjunction with the system nesting structure: gas chamber, temperature control component, active compensation coil, insulation layer, electromagnetic shielding component). It mainly originates from external environmental interference (such as substation power frequency magnetic field, equipment start-up and shutdown impact magnetic field) and is the core parameter for judging the intensity of external magnetic field interference.

[0023] In some embodiments, the magnetic field value inside the Rydberg atom chamber refers to the magnetic field strength of the space inside the Rydberg atom chamber, which is a key parameter that determines the stability of the quantum state of the Rydberg atom. The energy levels of the Rydberg atom will undergo Zeeman splitting (the energy level splits into multiple sub-levels) due to the external magnetic field. If the internal magnetic field fluctuation exceeds the nanotesla (nT) level, the split energy levels will superimpose on each other, causing the baseline of the electric field measurement to drift and making it impossible to accurately infer the electric field strength.

[0024] In this embodiment, by acquiring three key data types—temperature, external magnetic field, and internal magnetic field—it provides a precision benchmark for subsequent temperature control, a basis for interference and compensation for magnetic control, and support for state judgment for system coordination.

[0025] As one possible implementation, step 101 can be specifically implemented as steps A11-A12.

[0026] A11: Perform Kalman filtering on the temperature data of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber to obtain filtered temperature data; wherein, the temperature data of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber includes the temperature data at both ends of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber and the temperature data in the middle.

[0027] A12: The real-time temperature of the Reedburg atomic gas chamber is calculated by weighted averaging of the filtered temperature data.

[0028] In some embodiments, the temperature data of the Rydberg atomic gas cell refers to the raw data directly collected by the temperature sensor that reflects the thermal state of different locations (both ends and the middle) of the Rydberg atomic gas cell. It is the basic material for subsequent calculation of the real-time temperature of the gas cell. The gas cell temperature is not a single uniform value. Due to the difference in thermal conduction, there is a temperature gradient between the two ends (near the incident / exit ends of the light path) and the middle (the dense atomic region). Multiple locations need to be collected to fully characterize the thermal state of the gas cell.

[0029] In some embodiments, the temperature data acquisition locations of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber are: two points at both ends of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber (corresponding to the optical path interface area, where the temperature is easily affected by external optical path heat dissipation) and one point in the middle (corresponding to the core area of ​​the gas chamber, where the atomic density is the highest and the temperature best reflects the density state of alkali metal vapor), for a total of 3 sets of raw temperature data (e.g., end 1: 42.3℃, end 2: 41.8℃, middle: 43.1℃).

[0030] In some embodiments, the temperature data of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber is in the form of a real-time continuous voltage signal (the temperature sensor converts temperature changes into voltage changes, such as the resistance of a platinum resistance sensor changing linearly with temperature, which is converted into collectable voltage data by a circuit), which needs to be further processed into intuitive temperature values.

[0031] In some embodiments, Kalman filtering is a mathematical algorithm based on the state equation of a linear system. It eliminates random noise interference and obtains the optimal state estimate by iteratively updating real-time observed data (such as raw data collected by a temperature sensor) and the system's predicted values. The raw data collected by the temperature sensor is easily affected by external environmental interference (such as electromagnetic noise in industrial scenarios and thermal noise of the sensor itself), which can cause data fluctuations (such as the raw temperature data of the middle part jumping to 45.2℃ at a certain moment, while the actual temperature is still 43.1℃). Kalman filtering can effectively filter out such noise and restore the true trend of the temperature data.

[0032] In some embodiments, the filtered temperature data refers to optimized data that has been processed by Kalman filtering to eliminate random noise interference and reflects the true temperature trend at various locations (both ends and the middle) of the air chamber. Compared with the original temperature data, the filtered data has smaller fluctuations and is closer to the actual thermal state of the air chamber (e.g., original data: 42.3℃, 45.2℃, 41.8℃, filtered data: 42.3℃, 42.5℃, 42.2℃).

[0033] As one possible implementation, embodiments of the present invention can provide high-precision and high-reliability real-time temperature data for the temperature stability of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber. By employing multi-position temperature measurement, Kalman filtering for noise reduction, and weighted average fusion techniques, the invention solves the problems of noise interference and spatial gradient non-uniformity in temperature measurement, providing a precise feedback benchmark for subsequent PID temperature control. Ultimately, this ensures that the gas chamber temperature remains stable within the high-precision range required for quantum sensing (e.g., within ±0.1℃), supporting the high-sensitivity measurement of the partial discharge electric field.

[0034] Step 102: Based on the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber and the PID controller, obtain the adjustment signal; and adjust the temperature control component based on the adjustment signal to adjust the temperature inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber.

[0035] In some embodiments, the temperature control component is a hardware assembly that directly adjusts the temperature of the gas chamber. By receiving the adjustment signal from the PID controller, it changes the heating power and thus controls the heat input / output of the gas chamber. It is the execution end of temperature regulation and needs to be adapted to the requirement of uniform heating of the gas chamber without local overheating (to avoid uneven density of alkali metal vapor).

[0036] In some embodiments, the temperature control assembly includes a distributed heating element and a temperature sensor. The distributed heating element is disposed on the outer surface of the Rydberg atomic gas cell, and the temperature sensor is disposed at both ends and the middle of the Rydberg atomic gas cell.

[0037] In some embodiments, the distributed heating element is a heating film.

[0038] For example, a heating film is attached to the surface of the air chamber, and heating zones are evenly distributed along the long axis, with each group of heating zones having independent temperature control.

[0039] In some embodiments, the temperature sensor uses a resistance temperature detector (RTD) as the temperature sensor, which is arranged at both ends and the middle of the air chamber to collect temperature data in real time.

[0040] In some embodiments, a PID controller (proportional-integral-derivative controller) is a core device for automatic control based on deviation feedback. Through the coordinated calculation of the three links of proportional (P), integral (I), and derivative (D), it converts the temperature deviation into a power regulation signal, thereby achieving precise and overshoot-free temperature control. It is the mainstream technology for achieving high-precision temperature control in the industrial field (adapting to the high temperature stability requirements of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber).

[0041] In some embodiments, the PID controller adjusts the heating power based on the temperature feedback signal.

[0042] In some embodiments, the adjustment signal is the output of the PID controller, which is an electrical signal (such as a voltage / current signal) that can guide the temperature control component to adjust the power. Its amplitude / frequency corresponds to the amount of heating power that needs to be adjusted (such as a signal voltage of 5V corresponding to a heating power of 10W, and 8V corresponding to 15W). It is an instruction carrier that converts control logic into hardware actions.

[0043] In some embodiments, the adjustment signal includes signal type and signal characteristics.

[0044] For example, the signal type is typically an analog signal (such as a 0~10V voltage signal or a 4~20mA current signal) or a digital signal (such as a PWM pulse width modulation signal) to meet the driving requirements of the temperature control components.

[0045] In some embodiments, the signal characteristics are linked to the temperature deviation. When the deviation is large, the signal amplitude is large (corresponding to high power adjustment); when the deviation is small, the signal amplitude is small (corresponding to low power fine adjustment); when the deviation is 0, the signal is stable (maintaining the current power).

[0046] As one possible implementation, step 102 can be specifically implemented as steps A21-A22.

[0047] A21: Determine the temperature deviation based on the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber measured by a temperature sensor and the preset target temperature.

[0048] A22: Based on temperature deviation and PID controller, the power adjustment signal of the distributed heating element is calculated.

[0049] In some embodiments, the preset target temperature is the optimal operating temperature preset according to the type of alkali metal and the structure of the gas chamber (e.g., 45°C for rubidium atoms and 35°C for cesium atoms). It is the benchmark threshold for calculating temperature deviation and judging whether the temperature control meets the standard. It needs to be calibrated experimentally to ensure that the alkali metal vapor density at this temperature is suitable for the requirements of Rydberg atomic quantum sensing (sufficient number of atoms and minimal collision loss).

[0050] In some embodiments, the temperature deviation is the difference between the real-time temperature collected by the temperature sensor and the preset target temperature (e.g., real-time 42.3℃ - target 45.0℃ = -2.7℃). It is the core basis for the PID controller to determine whether regulation is needed, the direction of regulation (heating / cooling), and the magnitude of regulation, and directly determines the magnitude of the subsequent power adjustment signal.

[0051] As one possible implementation, step 102 can be specifically implemented as follows: based on the adjustment signal, adjust the heating power of the distributed heating element to adjust the temperature inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, so that the temperature inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber is stabilized at the preset target temperature.

[0052] As one possible implementation, embodiments of the present invention can solve the core problem of how to accurately and uniformly regulate the temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber by clearly defining the hardware composition of the temperature control component and the specific execution process of PID temperature control. This provides feasible and high-precision technical support for temperature stabilization solutions, ultimately ensuring that the gas chamber temperature is stable within the range suitable for quantum sensing (within ±0.1℃), supporting high-sensitivity measurement of the partial discharge electric field.

[0053] As one possible implementation, embodiments of the present invention can achieve a temperature control accuracy of ±0.1℃ and a wide temperature range of -20℃ to 40℃ by combining distributed heating with PID control and TEC assistance, thus overcoming the bottleneck of narrow temperature control range and low accuracy of existing air and gas temperature control systems.

[0054] Step 103: Based on the magnetic field value around the Rydberg atomic gas chamber and the electromagnetic shielding components, attenuate the external magnetic field; and based on the internal magnetic field value, generate a counteracting magnetic field to offset the attenuated residual interference magnetic field using an active compensation coil, so as to adjust the magnetic field inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber.

[0055] In some embodiments, the magnetic field value around the Rydberg atomic gas chamber refers to the magnetic field strength in the area outside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, between the active compensation coil and the electromagnetic shielding component. It is a core parameter reflecting the degree of interference of the external environment on the magnetic field of the gas chamber. It mainly comes from external interference in industrial scenarios (such as the 50Hz power frequency magnetic field of substations and the impact magnetic field of equipment start-up and shutdown), and is usually in the microtesla (μT) range (1μT=1000nT), which is much higher than the allowable magnetic field strength inside the gas chamber.

[0056] In some embodiments, the magnetic field value around the Rydberg atomic gas chamber includes magnitude, direction, and frequency.

[0057] In some embodiments, the electromagnetic shielding component is the core hardware used to attenuate external strong magnetic fields and shield low-frequency electric field noise. It is the first line of defense for magnetic field stability. Through multi-layer structure design, it attenuates the peripheral μT-level interfering magnetic field to an acceptable nT level inside the air chamber, while eliminating electric field noise (avoiding the conversion of electric field into magnetic field interference).

[0058] In some embodiments, the attenuated residual interference magnetic field refers to the residual magnetic field that still penetrates into the Rydberg atomic gas chamber after the external magnetic field is attenuated by the electromagnetic shielding component. It is a small interference that cannot be completely eliminated by the electromagnetic shielding, usually in the range of hundreds to tens of nT (e.g., 200 nT after shielding). Although it is much lower than the peripheral magnetic field, it is still higher than the range required for quantum sensing inside the gas chamber (within ±5 nT) and needs to be further eliminated by active compensation coils.

[0059] In some embodiments, the magnetic field value inside the Rydberg atom chamber refers to the actual magnetic field strength of the space inside the chamber, which is a key parameter that determines the stability of the quantum state of the Rydberg atom. The energy levels of the Rydberg atom will undergo Zeeman splitting due to the magnetic field (the energy level splits into multiple sub-levels). If the internal magnetic field fluctuation exceeds ±5nT, the split energy levels will superimpose on each other, causing the baseline of the electric field measurement to drift and making it impossible to accurately infer the intensity of the partial discharge electric field.

[0060] In some embodiments, the active compensation coil is a core component used to generate a canceling magnetic field that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the residual interference magnetic field. It is the second line of defense for magnetic field stability. By introducing a precisely controlled current, a uniform magnetic field is generated around the gas chamber to cancel the residual interference and ultimately stabilize the magnetic field inside the gas chamber in the nT range required for quantum sensing.

[0061] As one possible implementation, step 103 can be specifically implemented as steps A31-A32.

[0062] A31: Determine the intensity of external disturbances based on the magnetic field value around the Rydberg atomic gas chamber.

[0063] A32: Attenuate external magnetic fields through electromagnetic shielding components.

[0064] As one possible implementation, step 103 can be specifically implemented as steps A33-A34.

[0065] A33: Based on the internal magnetic field value and the preset target magnetic field value, determine the magnetic field deviation; the magnetic field strength corresponding to the magnetic field deviation is the residual interference magnetic field after attenuation.

[0066] A34: Control the operation of the active compensation coil based on the magnetic field deviation results to stabilize the magnetic field in the Rydberg atomic gas chamber within the range required for quantum sensing, thereby adjusting the magnetic field inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber.

[0067] In some embodiments, the magnetic field deviation is the difference between the real-time magnetic field value inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber and the preset target magnetic field value (e.g., internal magnetic field 20nT - target magnetic field 0nT = 20nT). It is the core basis for judging whether the current magnetic field of the gas chamber deviates from the quantum sensing requirements and for determining the adjustment direction and amplitude of the active compensation coil. Its accuracy directly affects the compensation effect (it needs to be accurate to ±1nT to ensure that the final internal magnetic field is stable within ±5nT).

[0068] In some embodiments, the current adjustment signal is an electrical signal (such as a digital signal or an analog signal) generated based on the magnetic field deviation and used to control the magnitude and direction of the active compensation coil current. It is a command carrier that converts the magnetic field deviation into the actual operation of the coil, and its accuracy directly determines the accuracy of the compensation magnetic field (e.g., 1 nT deviation corresponds to 0.1 μA current adjustment).

[0069] In some embodiments, the current in the active compensation coil is the real-time current flowing through the coil (typically in the microamp to milliamp range, such as 0.5~5mA). Its magnitude and direction directly determine the strength and direction of the compensation magnetic field generated by the coil, following the Biot-Savart law (current is proportional to magnetic field strength), and is the energy carrier for realizing active magnetic field compensation.

[0070] In some embodiments, the preset target magnetic field value is the ideal magnetic field state inside the gas chamber set according to the requirements of Rydberg atomic quantum sensing. Typically, the three-axis magnetic field components are all close to 0 (within ±5nT). It is the benchmark for calculating magnetic field deviation and judging whether the compensation meets the standard. It needs to be calibrated experimentally to ensure that the Zeeman splitting of the Rydberg atomic energy level is minimized and the electric field measurement sensitivity is highest under this state.

[0071] As one possible implementation, embodiments of the present invention can solve the core problem of how to stabilize the magnetic field inside the Rydberg atomic chamber at the nanotesla (nT) level required for quantum sensing by clarifying the external magnetic field attenuation strategy and the quantification and compensation logic of the residual interference magnetic field, thus providing an anti-interference and high-precision magnetic field guarantee solution for partial discharge electric field measurement in complex electromagnetic environments (such as substations).

[0072] As one possible implementation, step A34 can be specifically implemented as steps B11-B12.

[0073] B11: If the absolute value of the magnetic field deviation result is greater than the preset threshold, the active compensation coil is controlled to generate a canceling magnetic field with the same strength and opposite direction as the interference magnetic field, so as to work with the electromagnetic shielding component to suppress the interference and make the magnetic field inside the air chamber approach the preset target magnetic field value.

[0074] B11: If the absolute value of the deviation result is less than or equal to the preset threshold, stop the dynamic adjustment of the active compensation coil, and use the multi-layer metal shielding layer to maintain the attenuation of the external magnetic field, so that the magnetic field inside the air chamber is stable within the preset target range.

[0075] In some embodiments, the preset threshold refers to the maximum allowable value of the absolute value of the magnetic field deviation preset according to the quantum sensing requirements (usually 5~10nT, such as 5nT). It is a rigid benchmark for determining whether the current magnetic field needs dynamic compensation. When the absolute value of the deviation exceeds the threshold, it indicates that the magnetic field interference is beyond the acceptable range and active compensation needs to be initiated; when it is below the threshold, it indicates that the magnetic field has stabilized and over-adjustment can be stopped.

[0076] In some embodiments, when the absolute value of the magnetic field deviation is greater than a preset threshold, the control system sends a precise compensation command to the active compensation coil. By adjusting the coil current, a magnetic field with the same intensity and opposite direction as the residual interference magnetic field is generated. The two are superimposed to make the magnetic field inside the air chamber approach the preset target value (e.g., a residual interference of 20nT along the positive X-axis generates a 20nT canceling magnetic field along the negative X-axis, which is 0nT after superposition).

[0077] In some embodiments, the compensation command parameters include magnetic field strength, magnetic field direction, and current conversion commands.

[0078] For example, the magnetic field strength is equal to the absolute value of the magnetic field deviation.

[0079] For example, the direction of the magnetic field is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field deviation.

[0080] For example, the current conversion command converts the magnetic field strength / direction command into coil current parameters.

[0081] As one possible implementation, embodiments of the present invention can divide scenarios requiring compensation and those requiring no compensation by setting a magnetic field deviation threshold, clarify the collaborative strategy of active compensation coil and electromagnetic shielding components under different scenarios, solve the problems of excessive adjustment leading to additional interference and insufficient compensation leading to magnetic field runaway, and ultimately achieve a balance between high-precision stability of the magnetic field inside the gas chamber and low power consumption and low interference, adapting to the stringent requirements of partial discharge electric field measurement for the magnetic field environment.

[0082] In some embodiments, the electromagnetic shielding assembly includes a multilayer metal shielding layer and a conductive coating. The multilayer metal shielding layer attenuates the external magnetic field, and the conductive coating shields low-frequency electric field noise. The conductive coating is connected to a grounding resistor.

[0083] In some embodiments, the multilayer metal shielding layer is a shielding structure made of multilayer metal materials (high magnetic permeability material). It guides the external magnetic field around the Rydberg atomic gas cell through the magnetic shunt effect, thereby attenuating the magnetic field strength penetrating into the gas cell. It is the core component for suppressing magnetic field interference.

[0084] In some embodiments, the conductive coating is a conductive film covering the outer surface of a multilayer metal shielding layer. It conducts external low-frequency electric field noise to the ground through electrostatic induction and grounding mechanisms, preventing electric field interference from being converted into a magnetic field or directly affecting atomic energy levels. It is a shielding component specifically designed to prevent electric field interference.

[0085] In some embodiments, the grounding resistor is a resistive element (typically 10~100Ω) that connects the conductive coating to the ground. It is used to limit the leakage current between the conductive coating and the ground, to prevent excessive current from damaging the coating or introducing additional electromagnetic noise, and to ensure that electric field noise is effectively discharged.

[0086] As one possible implementation, embodiments of the present invention can simultaneously suppress magnetic and electric field interference through the synergistic shielding of multiple layers of metal and conductive coating, with a residual magnetic field <1μT and electric field noise attenuation >40dB, thus overcoming the limitations of traditional single shielding methods.

[0087] In some embodiments, the multilayer metal shielding layer is a nested structure of metal shielding cylinders with a preset number of layers; an air layer with a preset distance is provided between two adjacent metal shielding cylinders to avoid mutual interference of magnetic permeability between adjacent metal shielding layers; a conductive coating is provided on the outer surface of the multilayer metal shielding layer, and the conductive coating is an indium tin oxide thin film.

[0088] In some embodiments, the multi-layer metal shielding cylinder adopts a three-layer nested design of μ metal shielding cylinders, with an inner layer, a middle layer, and an outer layer, and an air layer between each layer to suppress the residual magnetic field inside the air chamber.

[0089] In some embodiments, a conductive coating, an outer layer covering film of the air chamber, and a grounding resistor are used to eliminate low-frequency electric field noise interference.

[0090] As one possible implementation, embodiments of the present invention can measure at the center of the gas chamber using a Tesla meter, with power frequency magnetic field interference attenuation >60dB and radio frequency (1GHz) electric field interference attenuation >40dB.

[0091] In some embodiments, the active compensation coil is a non-magnetic wire, and the active compensation coil is arranged coaxially with the Rydberg atomic gas cell.

[0092] As one possible implementation, embodiments of the present invention can ensure that the active compensation coil, while accurately compensating the magnetic field, does not introduce additional magnetic interference and uniformly covers the Rydberg atomic gas cell by limiting the non-magnetic characteristics and coaxial arrangement of the active compensation coil, thus solving the problem of magnetic field control error caused by improper material or arrangement of the compensation coil itself, and providing hardware guarantee for high-precision stability of the magnetic field inside the gas cell.

[0093] In this embodiment of the invention, regarding temperature control, a closed-loop feedback mechanism for the gas chamber temperature is constructed through the cooperation of a temperature control component and a PID controller. This mechanism adjusts the gas chamber temperature to precisely stabilize the vapor density of the alkali metal within the chamber, providing a stable atomic source for electric field measurement. Regarding magnetic field control, an electromagnetic shielding component first attenuates the external strong magnetic field. Then, an active compensation coil generates a reverse canceling magnetic field based on the internal magnetic field value to supplement and eliminate residual magnetic fluctuations not eliminated by the electromagnetic shielding component, stabilizing the internal magnetic field within the range required for quantum sensing. The synergistic effect of these components ultimately provides a temperature-stable environment with minimal magnetic field interference for partial discharge electric field measurement, ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0094] As one possible implementation, an insulation layer is set between the active compensation coil and the electromagnetic shielding component. The insulation layer blocks the heat generated by the temperature control component from being transferred to the electromagnetic shielding component, thus preventing changes in the magnetic permeability of the electromagnetic shielding component due to temperature fluctuations. At the same time, it isolates the internal thermal stability of the air chamber from external ambient temperature interference.

[0095] In some embodiments, the insulation layer is a ceramic fiber insulation layer.

[0096] For example, the insulation layer covers the outside of the air chamber to reduce heat radiation loss.

[0097] In some embodiments, the insulation layer further includes a thermal compensation component, which is borosilicate glass.

[0098] In some embodiments, the optical window is made of borosilicate glass as a local thermal insulation structure to avoid optical distortion caused by temperature gradients. This provides the atomic gas chamber with an extremely low (nanotesla nT or even smaller) and highly stable magnetic field environment. This is an absolute prerequisite for atoms to maintain their precise quantum states (energy level structure), thus enabling ultra-high precision measurements of external electromagnetic fields. Without this composite shielding structure, any minute electromagnetic fluctuations in the environment would drown out the signal to be measured.

[0099] As one possible implementation, embodiments of the present invention can solve the dual interference problem caused by temperature conduction by setting an insulation layer between the active compensation coil and the electromagnetic shielding component: on the one hand, it blocks the heat transfer from the temperature control component to the electromagnetic shielding component, avoiding the influence of its magnetic permeability change on the magnetic field shielding effectiveness; on the other hand, it isolates the interference of external ambient temperature fluctuations on the internal thermal stability of the gas chamber, ultimately creating a dual protection environment of constant temperature and stable magnetic field for the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, ensuring the accuracy of partial discharge electric field measurement.

[0100] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0101] To facilitate understanding of the complete execution process, the overall method flow is discussed below with reference to an embodiment.

[0102] 1. Electromagnetic shielding and temperature control system layout: Arrangement method: adopts a concentric nested structure.

[0103] Innermost layer: atomic gas chamber and its distributed temperature control system (non-magnetic heating film / wire + closely attached temperature sensor).

[0104] Intermediate layer: active compensation coil (used to generate a canceling magnetic field) and insulation layer (used for heat preservation and to reduce thermal interference).

[0105] Outermost layer: Passive electromagnetic shielding (a shell made of multiple layers of high-permeability magnetic alloy).

[0106] Relationship: The temperature control system is encased within the electromagnetic shield. An insulation layer lies between the two, serving as thermal isolation to prevent heat leakage from affecting the magnetic properties of the shielding layer, and also to prevent temperature fluctuations in the shielding layer from affecting the air chamber.

[0107] 2. Optimization methods and principles for permeability gradient distribution: Optimization method: Multi-layer magnetic shielding is adopted, using alloy materials with progressively increasing magnetic permeability from the outside to the inside. The outer layer material has high saturation strength but relatively low magnetic permeability, which is used to withstand and significantly attenuate strong external magnetic fields; the inner layer material has extremely high magnetic permeability but low saturation strength, which is used to finely "shunt" and shield residual weak magnetic fields.

[0108] Principle and basis: ① Gradual attenuation: The outer layer first attenuates the strong magnetic field to a linear range where the inner layer material can operate efficiently, avoiding saturation failure. ② Reduced magnetic reluctance: The highly permeable inner layer provides a path for the residual magnetic field that is much less reluctant than the internal space, "absorbing" the magnetic field lines into the shielding layer walls, preventing them from penetrating to the innermost sensitive area. ③ Effectiveness: This gradient optimization can achieve shielding effectiveness far exceeding that of a single-layer shield, suppressing the residual magnetic field to the nanotesla (nT) level or even lower.

[0109] 3. Specific implementation methods of temperature control: Implementation method: A high-precision closed-loop negative feedback control system is adopted.

[0110] ① Sensing: Non-magnetic temperature sensors (such as PT1000) are placed close to the atomic gas chamber to measure the temperature in real time.

[0111] ② Control: The measured value is transmitted to the PID controller and compared with the target temperature set by the user.

[0112] ③ Execution: The PID controller outputs a control signal to dynamically adjust the power of the distributed non-magnetic heating element (e.g., through PWM pulse width modulation) to achieve uniform and precise heating of the air chamber.

[0113] 4. Specific feedback methods and control processes for temperature control: Feedback method: High-precision closed-loop negative feedback.

[0114] Measurement: A non-magnetic temperature sensor (such as PT1000 or thermistor) is placed close to the atomic gas chamber to measure its temperature value T_actual in real time.

[0115] Comparison: Compare T_actual with the user-defined target temperature T_set to obtain the error value e = T_set - T_actual.

[0116] Calculation: The error e is fed into the PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller. The controller calculates the required control signal based on the current error (P), historical error accumulation (I), and error change trend (D).

[0117] Control process: The control signal drives the power regulation circuit (usually using PWM pulse width modulation) to dynamically and precisely change the power applied to the non-magnetic heating element, thereby increasing or decreasing its heat generation, thus eliminating errors and stabilizing the air chamber temperature at T_set.

[0118] 5. The principle and basis for setting the heating power gradient, and the relationship between power and temperature rise: According to the laws of thermodynamics, the heating power P is related to the temperature rise rate dT / dt and the system heat capacity C and heat loss L. The formula can be simplified to P=C*(dT / dt)+L(T).

[0119] Relationship between power and temperature rise: Initial stage (low temperature): The system heat loss L is small, but the influence of heat capacity C is significant. A large power needs to be applied to quickly overcome thermal inertia and achieve rapid heating.

[0120] Approaching the setpoint (high temperature): Heat loss L (proportional to temperature difference) increases, and overheating (overshoot) must be avoided. Power needs to be drastically reduced, switching to a fine PID control mode.

[0121] Gradient settings: Therefore, the power gradient is usually set to a "high initially, low later" pattern. Initially, high power rapidly increases the temperature, followed by low power for fine-tuning and stabilization. This aligns with the system's thermodynamic characteristics and is a key principle for achieving rapid and overshoot-free temperature rise.

[0122] 6. Steam density control principle: The vapor density ρ of metals (such as rubidium and cesium) inside the atomic chamber is determined by its saturated vapor pressure, which uniquely and sensitively depends on the temperature T of the chamber wall. Therefore, by precisely controlling the temperature of the chamber, the internal atomic vapor density can be directly and uniquely determined.

[0123] Control strategy recommendation: Integrate steam density as an implicit control target into the temperature control loop.

[0124] Calibration: Establish a one-to-one correspondence between the target vapor density ρtarget and the required gas chamber temperature Tset (Tset=f(ρtarget)) in advance through experiments or theoretical formulas.

[0125] Setting: The user directly inputs the desired ρtarget (or an equivalent physical quantity such as optical depth), and the control system automatically converts it into the corresponding Tset.

[0126] Execution: The temperature control loop (such as the PID system mentioned above) uses this calculated Tset as the target for precise regulation, thereby indirectly but extremely accurately stabilizing the steam density. The electromagnetic and temperature systems are not simply parallel, but deeply integrated through a "thermal-magnetic coupling" mechanism, and their structural relationship has a core uniqueness.

[0127] 7. Binding points and coupling mechanisms: Material property coupling: The permeability of the high-permeability alloys (such as μ-metals) used in the outer electromagnetic shielding is extremely sensitive to temperature. Temperature changes directly cause the shielding effectiveness to drift, disrupting the stability of the internal magnetic field. This is the most fundamental physical coupling between the two.

[0128] The heat from the inner temperature control system diffuses to the outer magnetic shielding layer through heat conduction and radiation, becoming the main internal heat source affecting its temperature.

[0129] Unique structural connections and collaborative design: Thermal compensation design: The system does not control temperature independently, but integrates auxiliary heating elements and temperature sensors on the magnetic shielding layer to form an independent thermal control loop. Its goal is not heating, but actively maintaining a constant temperature of the shielding layer itself. This is a unique and crucial structure for decoupling thermo-magnetic interference.

[0130] Non-magnetic design: All temperature control components (heating wire, sensor) must be made of non-magnetic materials and special winding processes to prevent their own current and material magnetism from generating additional magnetic fields that could interfere with the atomic gas chamber. This is a unique design change that functionally independent components must make to adapt to the electromagnetic environment.

[0131] The multi-layer μ-metal shielding cylinder adopts a nested design of three layers of μ-metal (nickel-iron alloy) shielding cylinders. The inner layer is 1mm thick, the middle layer is 0.8mm thick, and the outer layer is 1.2mm thick. There is a 5mm air layer between each layer. Through the optimization of magnetic permeability gradient distribution, the residual magnetic field inside the air chamber is suppressed to <1μT.

[0132] The conductive coating, with an outer layer of the air chamber covered by an indium tin oxide (ITO) film, has a grounding resistance of <0.1Ω, eliminating low-frequency electric field noise (10Hz-10kHz) interference.

[0133] The electromagnetic shielding effects of the composite electromagnetic shielding structure are as follows: Measured at the center of the air chamber using a teslameter (such as Lake Shore 475), the attenuation of magnetic field interference at power frequency (50Hz) is >60dB, and the attenuation of electric field interference at radio frequency (1GHz) is >40dB.

[0134] A high-precision PID temperature control system, including a distributed heating and temperature control module and insulation and thermal compensation components.

[0135] The distributed heating and temperature control module includes a Kapton heating film, a temperature sensor, and a PID controller.

[0136] The surface of the air chamber is covered with a Kapton heating film (50W power), and four heating zones are evenly distributed along the long axis, with each heating zone having independent temperature control.

[0137] The temperature sensor uses a Pt100 resistance temperature detector (accuracy ±0.05℃) and is placed at both ends and the middle of the air chamber to collect temperature data in real time.

[0138] The PID controller adjusts the heating power based on the temperature feedback signal, with a control cycle of 100ms and a temperature control accuracy of ±0.1℃, maintaining the alkali metal vapor density. atoms / .

[0139] Thermal insulation and heat compensation components, including ceramic fiber insulation layer and borosilicate glass.

[0140] The air chamber is covered with a 5mm thick ceramic fiber insulation layer with a thermal conductivity of <0.05W / (m·K), which reduces heat radiation loss (heat dissipation efficiency is reduced by 70%).

[0141] The optical window is made of borosilicate glass with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (coefficient of thermal expansion 3.3×). Furthermore, a localized thermal insulation structure was designed to avoid optical distortion caused by temperature gradients (distortion rate <0.5%).

[0142] This invention also provides a method for implementing an electromagnetic shielding and temperature control system for a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, specifically including the following steps: Step 1. Initialize the shielding and temperature control system: Step 1.1 Activate the magnetic shielding effect of the three-layer μ metal shielding cylinder and detect the effectiveness of the electric field shielding of the ITO coating through the grounding loop.

[0143] Step 1.2 Set the target temperature for PID temperature control (e.g., 120°C for the cesium gas chamber), and gradually increase the temperature of the heating film according to the gradient power (initial 30% power) to avoid temperature overshoot.

[0144] Step 2. Dynamic Monitoring and Compensation: Real-time acquisition of air chamber temperature, magnetic field strength, and vibration data. When the magnetic field fluctuation is >0.1μT, the magnetic saturation compensation of the shielding cylinder is triggered (by fine-tuning the interlayer distance); when the temperature deviation is >0.1℃, the PID controller adjusts the heating power (adjustment step size 0.5W).

[0145] Taking a cesium atom gas chamber (20×5×5cm) as an example, it was tested on-site at a 110kV substation.

[0146] Electromagnetic shielding effect: The ambient magnetic field is 50μT when the shielding is not turned on, and the residual magnetic field at the center of the air chamber is 0.8μT after the shielding is turned on, which meets the requirement of <1μT.

[0147] Temperature control performance: During the process of the ambient temperature rising from -10℃ to 35℃, the temperature of the air chamber remains stable at 120℃±0.1℃, and the vapor density fluctuation is <3%.

[0148] The following are system embodiments of the present invention. For details not described in detail, please refer to the corresponding method embodiments described above.

[0149] This system is suitable for online monitoring of partial discharge in power equipment such as GIS, transformers, and cables. It can work stably in complex electromagnetic environments in industrial sites such as substations and factory workshops. Combined with Rydberg atomic electric field sensing technology, it can achieve high-precision detection of nanometer-level discharge signals, providing reliable support for early fault diagnosis of equipment.

[0150] The present invention provides a partial discharge power plant measurement system, including a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, a temperature control component, an active compensation coil, an electromagnetic shielding component, and a PID controller electrically connected to the temperature control component, which are nested from the inside out.

[0151] The temperature control assembly includes a distributed heating element and a temperature sensor. The distributed heating element is located on the outer surface of the Rydberg atomic gas cell, and the temperature sensor is located at both ends and the middle of the Rydberg atomic gas cell.

[0152] The active compensation coil is a non-magnetic wire and is arranged coaxially with the Rydberg atomic gas cell. The active compensation coil is sleeved on the outer periphery of the temperature control component.

[0153] The insulation layer is placed around the outer periphery of the active compensation coil to block heat transfer.

[0154] The electromagnetic shielding assembly includes multiple layers of metal shielding and a conductive coating. The multiple layers of metal shielding are a nested structure of metal shielding cylinders with a predetermined number of layers, and an air layer of a predetermined distance is spaced between adjacent metal shielding cylinders. The multiple layers of metal shielding are fitted around the outer periphery of the insulation layer, and the conductive coating is located on the outer surface of the multiple layers of metal shielding. The conductive coating is connected to the grounding resistance. Figure 2 As shown.

[0155] This structure mainly consists of two parts working together, as shown in the figure: a multi-layer magnetic shield and an active compensation coil.

[0156] 1. Passive shielding: Multi-layer magnetic shielding Location: Encased in the outermost layer, directly forming the main shell of the probe system. It resembles a large dome, enclosing the internal atomic gas chamber, heating element, temperature sensor, and active compensation coil.

[0157] 2. Active shielding: active compensation coil, feedback system Location: It is located inside the multi-layered magnetic shield, close to or surrounding the core atomic gas chamber.

[0158] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphasis. Parts not detailed or described in a particular embodiment can be referred to in the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. Unless otherwise specified or in conflict with logic, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced interchangeably. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0159] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring and controlling the electric field of partial discharge, characterized in that, An electric field measurement system is applied, the electric field measurement system including a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, a temperature control component, an active compensation coil, an electromagnetic shielding component nested from the inside out, and a PID controller electrically connected to the temperature control component, the control method including: To obtain the real-time temperature, the outer magnetic field value, and the internal magnetic field value of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber; Based on the real-time temperature and PID controller of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, an adjustment signal is obtained; and the temperature control component is adjusted based on the adjustment signal to adjust the temperature inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber. Based on the magnetic field value around the Rydberg atomic gas chamber and the electromagnetic shielding components, the external magnetic field is attenuated; and based on the internal magnetic field value, the active compensation coil generates a counteracting magnetic field to adjust the magnetic field inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber.

2. The partial discharge electric field measurement and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control component includes a distributed heating element and a temperature sensor. The distributed heating element is located on the outer surface of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, and the temperature sensor is located at both ends and the middle of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber. The real-time temperature and PID controller based on the Rydberg atomic gas cell obtains the adjustment signal, including: The temperature deviation is determined based on the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber measured by the temperature sensor and the preset target temperature. Based on the temperature deviation and the PID controller, the power adjustment signal of the distributed heating element is calculated. The temperature control component based on the adjustment signal, for adjusting the temperature inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, includes: Based on the adjustment signal, the heating power of the distributed heating element is adjusted to regulate the temperature inside the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, thereby stabilizing the temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber at the preset target temperature.

3. The partial discharge electric field measurement and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The attenuation of the external magnetic field based on the magnetic field value around the Rydberg atomic gas chamber and the electromagnetic shielding components includes: The intensity of external disturbances is determined based on the magnetic field value around the Rydberg atomic gas chamber. The external magnetic field is attenuated by electromagnetic shielding components; The method of adjusting the magnetic field within the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, based on the internal magnetic field value and the offset magnetic field generated by the active compensation coil after attenuation of the residual interference magnetic field, includes: The magnetic field deviation is determined based on the internal magnetic field value and the preset target magnetic field value; the magnetic field strength corresponding to the magnetic field deviation is the residual interference magnetic field after attenuation. The active compensation coil is controlled to operate based on the magnetic field deviation results, so that the magnetic field in the Rydberg atomic gas chamber is stabilized within the range required for quantum sensing, thereby adjusting the magnetic field in the Rydberg atomic gas chamber.

4. The partial discharge electric field measurement and control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of controlling the active compensation coil to operate based on the magnetic field deviation result, so as to stabilize the magnetic field in the Rydberg atomic gas chamber within the range required for quantum sensing, and adjusting the magnetic field in the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, includes: If the absolute value of the magnetic field deviation result is greater than a preset threshold, the active compensation coil is controlled to generate a canceling magnetic field with the same strength and opposite direction as the interfering magnetic field, so as to work with the electromagnetic shielding component to suppress the interference and make the magnetic field inside the air chamber approach the preset target magnetic field value. If the absolute value of the deviation result is less than or equal to the preset threshold, the dynamic adjustment of the active compensation coil is stopped, and the external magnetic field is maintained by the multi-layer metal shielding layer to stabilize the magnetic field inside the air chamber within the preset target range.

5. The partial discharge electric field measurement and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of obtaining the real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber includes: Kalman filtering is applied to the temperature data of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber to obtain filtered temperature data; wherein, the temperature data of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber includes the temperature data at both ends and the temperature data in the middle of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber. The real-time temperature of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber is calculated by weighted averaging of the filtered temperature data.

6. The partial discharge electric field measurement and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heat insulation layer is provided between the active compensation coil and the electromagnetic shielding component. The heat insulation layer blocks the heat generated by the temperature control component from being transferred to the electromagnetic shielding component, thereby preventing changes in the magnetic permeability of the electromagnetic shielding component due to temperature fluctuations. At the same time, it isolates the internal thermal stability of the air chamber from external ambient temperature interference.

7. The partial discharge electric field measurement and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic shielding assembly includes multiple layers of metal shielding and a conductive coating. The multiple layers of metal shielding attenuate the external magnetic field, and the conductive coating shields low-frequency electric field noise. The conductive coating is connected to a grounding resistor.

8. The partial discharge electric field measurement and control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The multi-layer metal shielding layer is a nested structure of metal shielding cylinders with a predetermined number of layers; An air layer with a preset distance is provided between two adjacent metal shielding cylinders to prevent mutual interference of magnetic permeability between adjacent metal shielding layers; The conductive coating is disposed on the outer surface of the multilayer metal shielding layer, and the conductive coating is an indium tin oxide thin film.

9. The partial discharge electric field measurement and control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active compensation coil is a non-magnetic wire, and the active compensation coil is arranged coaxially with the Rydberg atomic gas cell.

10. A partial discharge electric field measurement system, characterized in that, It includes a Rydberg atomic gas chamber, a temperature control component, an active compensation coil, an electromagnetic shielding component, and a PID controller electrically connected to the temperature control component, arranged in a nested manner from the inside out; The temperature control component includes a distributed heating element and a temperature sensor. The distributed heating element is located on the outer surface of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber, and the temperature sensor is located at both ends and the middle of the Rydberg atomic gas chamber. The active compensation coil is a non-magnetic wire and is arranged coaxially with the Reedburg atomic gas cell. The active compensation coil is sleeved on the outer periphery of the temperature control component. The heat insulation layer is sleeved on the outer periphery of the active compensation coil, and the heat insulation layer blocks heat transfer. The electromagnetic shielding assembly includes a multi-layer metal shielding layer and a conductive coating. The multi-layer metal shielding layer is a nested structure of metal shielding cylinders with a preset number of layers, and an air layer with a preset distance is spaced between adjacent metal shielding cylinders. The multi-layer metal shielding layer is sleeved on the outer periphery of the heat insulation layer. The conductive coating is disposed on the outer surface of the multi-layer metal shielding layer and is connected to a grounding resistor.

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