Standby power supply system based on hydrogen fuel cell

Abstract

The invention relates to a standby power supply system based on a hydrogen fuel cell. The standby power supply system comprises a liquid ammonia tank, the fuel cell, an electric heater, a reactor, a combustor and an adsorber. The liquid ammonia tank is directly communicated with the fuel cell, the fuel cell supplies power to the electric heater, and the electric heater supplies heat energy to the reactor. Gas generated by decomposition of the reactor is led to the adsorber and the combustor respectively, the combustor is in thermal communication with the reactor to recover waste heat, and the gas purified by the adsorber is fed into the fuel cell for power generation. By recycling reaction waste heat in the ammonia decomposition process, the energy utilization rate of the system is remarkably increased, heat dissipation energy consumption is reduced, and zero-carbon power generation of the system is achieved. Meanwhile, the working temperature of the fuel cell is effectively controlled by using liquid ammonia, the stable output power of the standby power supply is ensured, and the dependence on commercial power or lithium battery energy storage is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell equipment technology, and more specifically to a backup power supply system based on hydrogen fuel cells. Background Technology

[0002] The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production-fuel cell power generation system first decomposes ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen through evaporation heating and catalytic reaction. Then, the generated gases are purified to remove impurities. Finally, high-purity hydrogen or hydrogen-nitrogen gas is sent into the fuel cell stack, where chemical energy is directly converted into electrical energy through electrochemical reaction. The heat source of the reactor is provided by the flue gas generated by the combustion of hydrogen that is not fully utilized in the fuel cell.

[0003] Most existing fuel cell systems are stand-alone units. The hydrogen-oxygen reaction for power generation causes the entire fuel cell to heat up, requiring an independent cooling system to ensure stable operation. This cooling system incurs additional power consumption, leading to a decrease in the fuel cell's net output power. Start-up typically uses mains power or lithium-ion battery storage, and the power source is still largely non-clean energy sources such as thermal power, failing to effectively utilize clean energy and achieve the "zero-carbon" target for the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the significant power loss and low overall energy utilization in existing fuel cell systems, as well as the lack of effective coupling and application of clean energy to achieve zero-carbon power generation, this paper proposes a hydrogen fuel cell-based backup power supply system that couples clean energy to achieve zero-carbon power generation, effectively utilizes various forms of energy generated in the system, and reduces overall energy consumption.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a backup power supply system based on a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising a liquid ammonia tank, a fuel cell, an electric heater, a reactor, a burner, and an adsorber; the liquid ammonia tank is directly connected to the fuel cell; the fuel cell is then connected to the electric heater; the electric heater is connected to the reactor and provides electrical energy to the reactor; the decomposed gas outlet of the reactor is connected to both the adsorber and the burner; the burner is then thermally connected to the reactor; the adsorber is directly connected to the fuel cell; the gas discharged from the decomposed gas outlet of the reactor enters both the adsorber and the burner; the gas adsorbed by the adsorber enters the fuel cell as fuel for power generation.

[0006] Furthermore, an ammonia preheater is installed between the reactor and the electric heater; the ammonia preheater is connected to both the electric heater and the reactor.

[0007] Furthermore, the reactor includes a flue gas heating section and an electric heating section; the flue gas heating section and the electric heating section are connected; ammonia gas flows through the flue gas heating section and high-temperature flue gas is used as the heating source for the ammonia gas; the electric heating section is equipped with an electric heating device and ammonia gas flows through it.

[0008] Furthermore, both the flue gas heating section and the electric heating section are filled with ammonia decomposition catalysts; the ammonia decomposition catalysts are ruthenium-based catalysts or nickel-based catalysts.

[0009] Furthermore, the electric heating element is electrically connected to the solar cell.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes an air preheater, which is connected to both the burner and the ammonia preheater; the air preheater is equipped with interlocking decomposition gas pipes and air pipes.

[0011] Furthermore, the air preheater is connected to both the adsorber and the burner.

[0012] The present invention discloses a backup power supply system based on a hydrogen fuel cell; it effectively utilizes the waste heat generated during ammonia decomposition, greatly improving energy utilization and indirectly offsetting the power consumption loss of the heat dissipation system; it achieves the zero-carbon power generation target of the device; during operation, liquid ammonia is used to effectively control the overall temperature rise of the fuel cell, ensuring the output power of the backup power supply system, avoiding the need for mains power or lithium battery energy storage, effectively utilizing clean energy sources such as hydrogen and solar energy, and achieving the zero-carbon power generation target of the device.

[0013] The above description of the invention is merely an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this application and to implement it based on the description and drawings, and to make the above-mentioned objectives and other objectives, features and advantages of this application easier to understand, the following description is provided in conjunction with the specific embodiments and drawings of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings are only used to illustrate the principles, implementation methods, applications, features, and effects of specific embodiments of this application and other related content, and should not be considered as limitations on this application.

[0015] In the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual:

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the backup power supply system based on hydrogen fuel cells according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To illustrate the possible application scenarios, technical principles, implementable specific solutions, and achievable objectives and effects of this application in detail, the following description, in conjunction with the listed specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation. The embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The term "embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it specifically limit its independence or connection with other embodiments. In principle, in this application, as long as there are no technical contradictions or conflicts, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way to form corresponding implementable technical solutions.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the use of related terms herein is merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit this application.

[0020] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" is used to describe the logical relationship between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, X and / or Y means: X exists, Y exists, and X and Y exist simultaneously. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" logical relationship.

[0021] In this application, terms such as “first” and “second” are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual quantity, hierarchy or order relationship between these entities or operations.

[0022] Without further limitations, the use of terms such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” or other similar open-ended expressions in this application is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, or product that includes the stated elements, such that a process, method, or product that includes a list of elements may include not only those defined elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, or product.

[0023] As understood in the Examination Guidelines, in this application, expressions such as "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number; expressions such as "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments in this application, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similar expressions related to "multiple" are also understood in this way, such as "multiple groups" and "multiple times," unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the space-related expressions used, such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the specific embodiments or drawings. They are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments of this application or for the reader's understanding, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific position, a specific orientation, or be constructed or operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0025] Unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "setting," as used in the description of the embodiments of this application, should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral arrangement; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a relationship of two components combined together, an interaction relationship between two components, or a connection within two structures. Those skilled in the art to which this application pertains can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the backup power supply system based on hydrogen fuel cells according to the present invention includes a liquid ammonia tank 1, a fuel cell 2, an electric heater 3, a reactor 5, a burner 6, and an adsorber 8.

[0027] The liquid ammonia tank 1 is directly connected to the fuel cell 2; the fuel cell 2 is then connected to the electric heater 3; the electric heater 3 is connected to the reactor 5 and provides electrical energy to the reactor 5; the decomposition gas outlet of the reactor 5 is connected to the adsorber 8 and the burner 6 respectively; the burner 6 is then thermally connected to the reactor 5; the adsorber 8 is directly connected to the fuel cell 2; the gas discharged from the decomposition gas outlet of the reactor enters the adsorber and the burner respectively; the gas adsorbed by the adsorber enters the fuel cell as fuel for power generation.

[0028] exist Figure 1 In this reactor 5, the liquid ammonia tank 1 is directly connected to the fuel cell 2 and then to the electric heater 3. Liquid ammonia introduced from the tank first enters the fuel cell 2 for storage, then exits from the fuel cell 2 and enters the electric heater 3 for heating. This process heats and evaporates the liquid ammonia into ammonia gas. To further increase the heat of the ammonia gas entering the reactor 5, thereby improving the heating and decomposition effect, preferably, an ammonia preheater 4 is provided between the reactor 5 and the electric heater 3. The ammonia preheater 4 is connected to both the electric heater 3 and the reactor 5. The ammonia preheater 4 is used to further increase the temperature of the ammonia gas exiting the electric heater 3 and entering the reactor 5, thereby improving the ammonia decomposition efficiency in the reactor 5.

[0029] The reactor 5 includes a flue gas heating section and an electric heating section; the flue gas heating section and the electric heating section are connected; ammonia gas flows through the flue gas heating section and high-temperature flue gas, such as high-temperature gas produced by gas combustion, serves as the heat source for heating the ammonia gas; the electric heating section is equipped with an electric heating device and ammonia gas flows through it, heating the ammonia gas by means of electricity; the preheated ammonia gas discharged from the ammonia preheater 4 sequentially enters the flue gas heating section and the electric heating section of the reactor 5; after being heated by the high-temperature flue gas in the flue gas heating section... After heat exchange, the ammonia gas enters the electrically heated section for further heating, promoting the complete endothermic decomposition of ammonia gas in the reactor and generating hydrogen and nitrogen. To promote the complete decomposition of ammonia gas, both the flue gas heating section and the electrically heated section are preferably filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, such as a ruthenium-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst. The electrically heated section is also connected to a solar cell 51, which provides additional electrical energy for heating the ammonia gas in the electrically heated section, thereby promoting the heating and decomposition of ammonia gas therein. Ammonia gas is endothermically decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen gas in the reactor 5.

[0030] The decomposition gas outlet of reactor 5 is connected to the ammonia preheater 4; the high-temperature hydrogen-nitrogen mixture discharged from the decomposition gas outlet enters the ammonia preheater 4 as a heat source for the ammonia preheater 4 to preheat the ammonia gas after it has been preheated by the electric heater 3; in order to further utilize the heat of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture discharged from reactor 5, preferably, the system also includes an air preheater 7, which is connected to both the burner 8 and the ammonia preheater 4; the air preheater 7 is provided with a decomposition gas pipe and an air pipe that are closely fitted together; the heat of the high-temperature hydrogen-nitrogen gas discharged from the ammonia preheater 4 is used to preheat the air entering the burner 8 for combustion, thereby increasing the heat of the air entering the burner 8 and improving the combustion efficiency of the burner 8; the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture cooled after heat exchange with the air in the air preheater 7 is diverted to the adsorber 8 and the burner 6; from the A portion of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture discharged from the air preheater 7 serves as fuel for the burner 6. The burner 6 mixes and combusts the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture with preheated air, generating high-temperature combustion gas that acts as a heat source for the flue gas heating section of the reactor 5. This heats the ammonia in the reactor 5 and promotes its endothermic decomposition into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture. A portion of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture discharged from the air preheater 7 enters the adsorber 8 for adsorption and purification, removing any remaining ammonia that has not been fully decomposed. After adsorption, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is discharged from the adsorber 8 and enters the anode of the fuel cell 2 as fuel. The fuel cell 2 converts the chemical energy of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture and air into electrical energy, generating electricity. The remaining hydrogen-nitrogen mixture discharged from the anode outlet of the fuel cell 2 after power generation enters the burner 6 as fuel, promoting complete combustion and the generation of high-temperature combustion gas in the burner 6.

[0031] The system is started up during startup. First, the system is powered on, and the reactor is heated by the solar panels. Then, the liquid ammonia tank valve is opened to introduce liquid ammonia. The liquid ammonia evaporates into ammonia gas through the electric heater. The ammonia gas enters the reactor and undergoes ammonia decomposition reaction powered by electric heating. The decomposed gas enters the ammonia preheater to preheat the ammonia, further reducing the power consumption of ammonia decomposition. At this time, air is introduced into the air preheater, where it is further heated by the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture obtained from ammonia decomposition before entering the burner. The cooled ammonia decomposition gas also enters the burner for combustion. The flue gas produced by combustion enters the reactor to power the ammonia decomposition reaction. Meanwhile, the power input, such as from the solar panels, is gradually reduced. The process continues until the composition of the ammonia decomposition gas meets the required standards. Then, the valve on the adsorber side is opened to introduce the decomposed gas into the fuel cell, thus starting the fuel cell. After the fuel cell starts, the internal temperature rises due to the reaction. At this time, liquid ammonia is introduced to absorb heat and cool the fuel cell. The liquid ammonia turns into ammonia gas in the fuel cell. At this time, the input of electrical energy in the reactor is turned off. The ammonia gas is decomposed after passing through the ammonia preheater and the reactor to produce a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixture passes through the ammonia preheater and the air preheater in sequence for waste heat recovery. Part of it enters the adsorber for adsorption and purification. After adsorption and purification by the adsorber, it enters the fuel cell for power generation. Part of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture after adsorption and purification is mixed with the remaining tail gas after power generation by the fuel cell and enters the burner. After combustion, it generates high-temperature flue gas and heats the reactor reaction.

[0032] It should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described herein, this does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Therefore, any changes and modifications made to the embodiments described herein based on the innovative concept of the present invention, or equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, directly or indirectly applying the above technical solutions to other related technical fields, are all included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell based backup power supply system comprising a liquid ammonia tank, a fuel cell, an electric heater, a reactor, a burner and an adsorber; characterized in that: the liquid ammonia tank is in direct communication with the fuel cell; the fuel cell is in communication with the electric heater; the electric heater is in communication with and provides electric energy to the reactor; the reactor's decomposition gas outlet is in communication with the adsorber and the burner respectively; the burner is in thermal communication with the reactor; the adsorber is in direct communication with the fuel cell; the gas discharged from the reactor's decomposition gas outlet enters the adsorber and the burner respectively; the gas after adsorption by the adsorber enters the fuel cell as fuel for power generation.

2. A backup power supply system based on hydrogen fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ammonia gas preheater is provided between the reactor and the electric heater; the ammonia gas preheater is in communication with the electric heater and the reactor respectively.

3. The backup power supply system based on hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor comprises a flue gas heating portion and an electric heating portion; the flue gas heating portion and the electric heating portion are in communication; the flue gas heating portion circulates ammonia gas and uses high-temperature flue gas as the heating source for ammonia gas; the electric heating portion is provided with an electric heating device and circulates ammonia gas.

4. A backup power supply system based on hydrogen fuel cells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flue gas heating portion and the electric heating portion are both filled with ammonia decomposition catalyst; the ammonia decomposition catalyst is a ruthenium-based catalyst or a nickel-based catalyst.

5. A hydrogen fuel cell based backup power supply system according to claim 4, wherein: The electric heating portion is in electric communication with a solar cell.

6. A backup power supply system based on hydrogen fuel cells according to claim 2, characterized in that: An air preheater is further included, which is in communication with the burner and the ammonia gas preheater simultaneously; the air preheater is provided with a decomposition gas pipeline and an air pipeline that are in close contact with each other.

7. A hydrogen fuel cell based backup power supply system according to claim 6, wherein: The air preheater is in communication with the adsorber and the burner respectively.

Images