A method for reducing stone cell content in pear fruit

Abstract

The application discloses a method for reducing the content of stone cells in pear fruits; the method is to spray a carbon dot solution to the flowers and fruits of the pear, and the spraying is performed in three stages, the first directional spraying is performed on the flowers in the full bloom period, the fruit surface and the fruit stalk are sprayed on the first day after the flowers, and the fruits and the surrounding leaves are sprayed on the seventh day after the flowers; the application first constructs a complete technical system for reducing the stone cells of the pear by the carbon dots, can significantly reduce the content of the stone cells by 37.5% to 63%, and can guarantee the stable improvement of the fruit quality, is convenient, safe and environment-friendly, fills the application blank of the carbon dots in the field of accurate regulation and control of the pear quality, provides innovative technical support for fine management of the pear flowers and fruits, and is suitable for popularization and application in large-scale pear planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of horticulture, specifically to a method for reducing the stone cell content of pear fruits. This method is applicable to the management of pear blossoms and fruits and can significantly reduce the stone cell content of pear fruits, thereby improving taste while ensuring quality. Background Technology

[0002] Stone cell content is a core factor restricting the quality of pears. Excessive stone cell content leads to coarse flesh, astringent taste, and significantly reduces the fruit's commercial value and consumer acceptance. Traditional techniques for reducing stone cell content in pears, such as chemical regulation and post-harvest chemical treatment, are not only costly and time-consuming, but also pose environmental problems such as chemical residues and high resource consumption. Therefore, a new type of material is urgently needed to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to develop a method for reducing the stone cell content in pear fruits. This technology can effectively reduce the stone cell content in pear fruits, ensuring fruit quality while improving flavor and taste.

[0004] The specific solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] This invention provides the application of carbon dots in reducing the stone cell content of pear fruits.

[0006] The present invention also provides a method for reducing the stone cell content of pear fruit by spraying carbon dot solution onto pear flowers and fruit.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dot solution is a carbon dot solution with a concentration of 0.05~0.15 mg / L, preferably a carbon dot solution with a concentration of 0.1 mg / L.

[0008] The carbon dots described in this invention are nitrogen-doped water-soluble carbon dots prepared from natural biomass such as straw, rice husks, and pollen. They can be obtained commercially or prepared using the following conventional method: Corn straw is pretreated with a mixture of H2O2 and glacial acetic acid via microwave ultrasonication, then mixed with Chlorella vulgaris powder at a mass ratio of 1:2. Deionized water is added, and the mixture is reacted under heating conditions. The product is purified by dialysis using a dialysis membrane and then freeze-dried. The heating temperature is a conventional reaction temperature, in one embodiment 180-200℃, and the reaction time is 5-7 hours. The dialysis membrane is typically 500 Da.

[0009] The carbon dots described in this invention have a particle size of 1~5 nm.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying method of the present invention adopts the "directional spraying + environmental adaptation" method and sprays the pear flowers and fruits in three periods. The three periods are: the first spraying is carried out during the full bloom period, and the flowers are sprayed directionally; the surface of the fruit and the fruit stalk are sprayed on the first day after flowering; and the fruit and the surrounding leaves are sprayed on the seventh day after flowering (when the young fruit is formed); the full bloom period refers to the period when more than 50% of the flowers are open.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, spraying is performed under suitable weather conditions of sunny, windless, or light wind. Preferably, spraying is carried out between 9 and 11 a.m. or between 4 and 6 p.m. on sunny, windless, or light windy days. More preferably, if it rains within 24 hours after spraying, a second spraying is performed after the rain stops. The carbon dot solution of the present invention can be prepared using conventional methods in the art, for example, in a 1 L beaker. 0.1 mL of the stock solution is pipetted into the beaker, diluted to 1 L with pure water, stirred thoroughly, and then poured into a spray bottle.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the spraying degree is preferably such that a thin water film is formed on the surface of the flowers and fruits without dripping.

[0013] The pear varieties described in this invention can be common pear varieties in the art, such as Fengshui, Dangshan crisp pear, and Cuiguan.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0015] (1) Originality of material selection: For the first time, “water-soluble carbon dots with a particle size of 1~5 nm and nitrogen doped” were applied to the regulation of pear fruit stone cells, filling the gap in the application of carbon dots in the field of precise improvement of pear quality.

[0016] (2) Wide adaptability to varieties and regions: It can adapt to the physiological differences of different pear varieties such as Fengshui, Dangshan crisp pear, and Cuiguan, while being compatible with the environmental and climatic differences between different regions. It has universal application value across varieties and regions.

[0017] (2) Optimization of the practicality of spraying process: a field operation plan of "targeted spraying + environmental adaptation" is proposed, which clearly defines the weather, time period and target part of spraying, greatly reducing the impact of environmental factors on the effect. At the same time, commercial 1 mg / L carbon dot solution is used directly, without complicated preparation, and the dilution process is simple and farmers can master it in 10 minutes.

[0018] (3) Dual advantages of efficacy and safety: Compared with traditional technology, the present invention can reduce the content of stone cells by 37.5% to 63% within one growth cycle. At the same time, carbon dots are a type of environmentally friendly and unique nanoparticles with good biocompatibility and degradability, which is in line with the development trend of green agriculture.

[0019] (4) Establish a “dual-node verification” system: combine preliminary screening in the young fruit stage with comprehensive evaluation in the mature stage to ensure accurate quantification of the regulation effect and establish a scientific basis for technology promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 The sepal retention rate under different hormone treatments in this invention;

[0021] Figure 2 Stone cell content under different hormone treatments for 25 days;

[0022] Figure 3 Staining with phloroglucinol from different hormones during the maturation period;

[0023] Figure 4 Stone cell content under different hormone treatments during maturity;

[0024] Figure 5 Sepal persistence rate of different varieties;

[0025] Figure 6 Stained paraffin sections from Fengshui;

[0026] Figure 7 Stone cell content of different varieties at 25 days;

[0027] Figure 8 Different varieties of phloroglucinol staining;

[0028] Figure 9 Stone cell content at maturity of different varieties. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but this does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any limited modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials used in the following examples were all purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the carbon dots used below are nitrogen-doped water-soluble carbon dots with a particle size of 1-5 nm prepared from natural biomass. The product can be purchased from Spectrum Materials or prepared according to the following conventional method: Corn stalks are pretreated by microwave ultrasonication with a mixture of H2O2 and glacial acetic acid, then mixed with Chlorella pulveratum powder at a mass ratio of 1:2, deionized water is added, and the mixture is hydrothermally reacted at 190℃ for 6 h. The product is purified by dialysis through a 500 Da dialysis membrane and freeze-dried. The carbon dots have hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino functional groups on their surface, good water solubility, a concentration of 1 mg / mL, and are packaged in 10 mL containers (this method is used in the examples).

[0032] Example 1: Comparison of plant hormones and carbon dots that reduce stone cell content

[0033] 1. Experimental materials: NAA, GA3, IAA, nitrogen-doped water-soluble carbon dots with a particle size of 1~5 nm, and pear trees.

[0034] 2. Test Methods

[0035] Weigh out 50 mg of NAA, 50 mg of GA3, and 50 mg of IAA powder, dissolve them in 5 ml of ethanol, and then dilute to 1 L with pure water to form a 50 mg / L solution. Using a 1 mg / mL carbon dot standard solution as the stock solution, pipette 0.1 mL of the stock solution and dilute to 1 L with pure water, stirring thoroughly to form a 0.1 mg / L solution. Transfer all four working solutions to a spray bottle, and set up a control group with pure water.

[0036] Five Fengshui pear trees with similar growth were selected at the Baima Base in Lishui District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province. Under sunny, windless or light wind conditions, the flowers and fruits were sprayed with the above five treatments (4 treatment groups + 1 control group) using a sprayer at three key periods, and the trees were labeled. The three key periods were: the first spray was carried out during the full bloom period (when more than 50% of the flowers were open), and the flowers were sprayed directly; the fruit surface and pedicels were sprayed on the first day after flowering; and the fruit and surrounding leaves were sprayed on the seventh day after flowering (when the young fruit was forming).

[0037] 25 days after flowering, the sepal persistence rate of the treatment group and the control group was statistically analyzed, and the first sampling was carried out. Fifteen fruits were taken from different locations for each treatment, and the stone cell content of the pulp was determined.

[0038] A second sampling was conducted when the fruit was ripe. Five fruits were taken from different locations for each treatment to determine the fruit quality and stone cell content.

[0039] 3. Test Results

[0040] The statistical results of sepal persistence rate showed that after NAA treatment, the sepal persistence rate of the fruit was significantly higher than that of the control, which had a significant impact on the appearance quality of the fruit. GA3, IAA, and carbon dot treatments did not show significant changes, indicating that they had no effect on the appearance quality of the fruit. Figure 1 ).

[0041] Statistical results of stone cell content after 25 days showed that NAA and carbon dots could reduce the stone cell content of fruits, with the carbon dots described in this invention being more effective. Figure 2 ).

[0042] The results of mature phloroglucinol staining showed that spraying Fengshui pear with NAA and carbon dots could significantly reduce the stone cell content. Figure 3 It is clearly visible that NAA and carbon dots have an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of stone cells.

[0043] Statistical results of mature stone cell content showed that the stone cell content after carbon dot treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group, which can effectively reduce the stone cell content of pear fruit. Figure 4 (), which is better than other groups.

[0044] Example 2: Comparison of Carbon Dot Doses

[0045] 1. Experimental materials: nitrogen-doped water-soluble carbon dots with a particle size of 1~5 nm, Fengshui pear trees, Dangshan crisp pear trees, and Cuiguan pear trees.

[0046] 2. Test Methods

[0047] Using a 1 mg / mL carbon dot standard solution as the stock solution, serial dilutions were performed with pure water. 0.1 mL, 0.5 mL, and 1 mL of the stock solution were pipetted into three beakers, respectively. Pure water was then added to a final volume of 1 L. After thorough stirring, the working solutions with target spray concentrations of 0.1 mg / L, 0.5 mg / L, and 1 mg / L were obtained. The three working solutions were transferred to a spray bottle, and pure water was set as the control group.

[0048] Following the method in Example 1, four pear trees with similar growth (variety: Fengshui, Dangshan Crisp Pear, and Cuiguan) were selected from Baima Base in Lishui District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, Shiqiao Town in Ningling County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province, and Xiaji Town in Baoying County, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. The above four treatments were applied to the flowers and fruits using a sprayer at three key stages (3 treatment groups + 1 control group), and the trees were labeled.

[0049] Twenty-five days after flowering, the sepal persistence rate of each variety treatment group and the control group was counted, and the first sampling was carried out. Fifteen fruits were taken from different positions for each treatment for phloroglucinol staining and determination of stone cell content.

[0050] A second sampling was conducted when the fruit was ripe. Five fruits were taken from different locations for each treatment for phloroglucinol staining and for determining fruit quality and stone cell content.

[0051] 3. Test Results

[0052] Statistical results on sepal persistence rate showed that there was no significant difference in sepal persistence rate among different varieties after treatment with carbon dot solution. Figure 5 This indicates that the treatment will not affect the appearance quality or commercial value of the fruit.

[0053] Analysis of paraffin section staining and sclereid characteristics after 25 days showed that treatment with 0.1 mg / L and 1 mg / L carbon dots significantly reduced the number, content, and density of sclereids compared to the control group, with 0.1 mg / L carbon dots showing the best effect. Figure 6 (Table 1).

[0054] Statistical results of stone cell content after 25 days showed that after exogenous spraying of 0.1 mg / L carbon, the stone cell content of fruits of all varieties was significantly lower than that of the control, which can effectively reduce the stone cell content. Figure 7 ).

[0055] The results of phloroglucinol staining showed that spraying 0.1 mg / L carbon dots on Fengshui, Dangshan crisp pears, and Cuiguan pears could reduce the content of stone cells. It was clearly visible that carbon dots inhibited the accumulation of stone cells, with particularly significant effects on Fengshui and Dangshan crisp pears. Figure 8 ).

[0056] Statistical results of mature stone cell content showed that the stone cell content of Fengshui, Dangshan crisp pears, and Cuiguan pears treated with 0.1 mg / L carbon dots was lower than that of the control group, with the effect being more significant in Fengshui and Dangshan crisp pears. Figure 9 ).

[0057] Table 1. Data on the characteristics of water-rich stone cells

[0058]

[0059] In conclusion, at three key time points, exogenous spraying of 0.1 mg / L carbon dots can effectively reduce the stone cell content of pear fruits.

[0060] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The application of carbon dots in reducing the stone cell content of pear fruit, characterized in that, The carbon dots are a carbon dot solution of 0.05~0.15 mg / L; the carbon dots are nitrogen-doped water-soluble carbon dots prepared from natural biomass with a particle size of 1~5 nm; the natural biomass is straw, rice husk or pollen.

2. A method for reducing the stone cell content in pear fruit, characterized in that, Spraying carbon dot solution onto pear flowers and fruits, wherein the carbon dot solution is a carbon dot solution of 0.05~0.15 mg / L; wherein the carbon dots are nitrogen-doped water-soluble carbon dots prepared from natural biomass, with a particle size of 1~5 nm; wherein the natural biomass is straw, rice husk or pollen.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The carbon dot solution is a 0.1 mg / L carbon dot solution.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spraying method adopts the approach of "targeted spraying + environmental adaptation" and is carried out in three stages on the pear flowers and fruits. The three stages are: the first spraying is carried out during the full bloom period, and the flowers are sprayed directly; the surface of the fruit and the fruit stalk are sprayed on the first day after flowering; and the fruit and the surrounding leaves are sprayed on the seventh day after flowering. The full bloom period refers to the period when more than 50% of the flowers are open.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Choose suitable weather conditions for spraying, such as sunny, windless, or light-winded conditions.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spraying degree should be such that a thin film of water forms on the surface of the flowers and fruits without dripping.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pear varieties are Fengshui, Dangshan crisp pear, or Cuiguan.

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