Compound feed for improving intestinal health of Nanyao chickens at early breeding stage

Abstract

The invention relates to a compound feed for improving intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the earlier stage of breeding, and belongs to the technical field of animal feeds. Periplaneta americana dregs are used for partially replacing soybean meal to be added into the Nanyao chicken compound feed in the earlier stage of breeding, and the compound feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 60.43%-68.76% of corn, 2.00%-2.37% of wheat bran, 12.00%-24.00% of puffed soybean meal, 0.39%-1.85% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.15%-0.19% of DL-methionine, 1.25%-4.41% of vegetable oil, 5.00% of premix, 0.16%-0.40% of table salt and 0.10%-0.20% of choline chloride. The feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.18%-0.24% of L-lysine hydrochloride, 1.04%-1.38% of stone powder and 1.70%-8.55% of American cockroach dregs; the sum of the weight percentages of all the raw materials is 100%. The American cockroach dregs are used as the protein source in the Nanyao chicken breeding feed, so that the use amount of the soybean meal which is a scarce protein source is reduced, the breeding cost is reduced, the immunity of the Nanyao chicken can be improved, the development of intestinal tracts is promoted, the absorption function is enhanced, pathogenic microorganisms are inhibited, and the Nanyao chicken breeding feed can be widely applied to breeding of Nanyao chickens in the earlier stage of breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of animal feed technology, and in particular to a compound feed for improving the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage. The feed uses American cockroach residue as a substitute for soybean meal, a crude protein component in the feed, and a method for preparing the feed. Background Technology

[0002] American cockroach residue is a product of extracting active ingredients from American cockroaches for drug research and development. It retains 73.41% crude protein (dry weight) and 20.48% crude fat (dry weight), and also contains chitin and antimicrobial peptides, classifying it as a novel natural antibiotic. In recent years, with the increasing demand for American cockroaches in drug development, the scale of American cockroach farming has also expanded. However, this processing generates a large amount of drug residue, which is often discarded or directly burned, polluting the ecological environment and wasting significant human and material resources, hindering my country's sustainable development strategy. Given the current high price, large-scale import needs, and unstable supply and demand for soybean meal, developing and utilizing the application potential of American cockroach residue as a substitute for soybean meal is of great significance to the national soybean meal reduction and substitution initiative.

[0003] Previous studies have shown that replacing soybean meal with American cockroach residue in the diet has a positive impact on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of Sanhuang chickens, without negatively affecting nutrient metabolism and intestinal integrity, with 20% and 40% replacement levels showing better results. However, there are currently no studies on the specific application and effects of American cockroach residue as a substitute for soybean meal in the feed of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the utilization efficiency of American cockroach residue in livestock and poultry feed and the optimal ratio for replacing soybean meal, in order to fully develop and utilize this high-quality feed protein resource. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to provide a formulated feed that improves the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage. This feed can promote the growth and development of laying hens and their intestinal development, enhance intestinal absorption function, inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, improve feed utilization, and reduce production costs. Furthermore, this invention also provides a method for preparing this feed.

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the limitations of current technological advancements, this invention innovatively introduces a formulated feed that improves the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage. By cleverly partially replacing traditional soybean meal components and using American cockroach residue as a key ingredient, this invention significantly reduces the reliance on soybean meal resources in egg-laying hen farming. This compound feed formula improves the economic efficiency of the feed while ensuring that it does not affect the physiological functions of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage, effectively solving the industry problem of high soybean meal costs and bringing about a revolution in cost optimization and sustainable resource utilization in the Nanyao chicken farming sector.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: using American cockroach residue to partially replace soybean meal in the compound feed of Nanyao chickens.

[0009] A compound feed for Nanyao chickens containing American cockroach residue includes corn, wheat bran, extruded soybean meal, dicalcium phosphate, DL-methionine, vegetable oil, premix, salt, choline chloride, L-lysine salt, limestone powder, and American cockroach residue. The weight percentages of each ingredient are as follows: corn 60.43%–68.76%, wheat bran 2.00%–2.37%, extruded soybean meal 12.00%–24.00%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.39%. The ingredients are: ~1.85%, DL-methionine 0.15%–0.19%, vegetable oil 1.25%–4.41%, premix 5.00%, salt 0.16%–0.40%, choline chloride 0.10%–0.20%, L-lysine hydrochloride 0.18%–0.24%, limestone powder 1.04%–1.38%, and American cockroach residue 1.70%–8.55%; the sum of the weight percentages of all raw materials is 100%.

[0010] Preferably, the compound feed comprises 67.28% corn [7.8% grade 2] by weight, 2.23% wheat bran by weight, 14.40% extruded soybean meal by weight, 0.63% dicalcium phosphate by weight, 0.15% DL-methionine by weight, 1.83% vegetable oil by weight, 5% premix by weight, 0.20% salt by weight, 0.15% choline chloride by weight, 0.19% L-lysine hydrochloride by weight, 1.10% limestone powder by weight, and 6.84% American cockroach residue by weight; the sum of the weight percentages of all raw materials is 100%.

[0011] A formulated feed for improving the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage includes the following steps:

[0012] Step A: Preparation of American cockroach residue: Dry the American cockroach residue and grind it into powder using a pulverizing device;

[0013] Step B: Preparation of feed ingredients, grinding raw materials such as corn and soybean meal into powder using a grinding equipment;

[0014] Step C: Feed preparation. The powdered American cockroach residue obtained from preparations A and B, corn and soybean meal, and the remaining ingredients described in claim 2 are added to the feed mixer in the weight ratio described above and mixed thoroughly.

[0015] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0016] 1. The American cockroach residue used in this invention has significant nutritional value, being rich in crude protein and crude fat at levels higher than soybean meal, providing excellent nutritional support for the breeding of Nanyao chickens. Particularly noteworthy is the abundance of natural antimicrobial peptides within this residue. These valuable active ingredients not only reduce the incidence of disease in chickens and enhance their physical condition, but also significantly reduce production costs without sacrificing overall feed efficiency, demonstrating a perfect combination of efficient resource utilization and cost control.

[0017] 2. This invention ingeniously transforms American cockroach residue into high-value feed resources, not only realizing the resource utilization of waste but also providing a new model for sustainable agricultural development. It promotes the entire agricultural industry chain towards environmentally friendly and resource-efficient utilization, opens up new paths for the in-depth development and efficient utilization of American cockroach residue, provides a more scientific and efficient resource transformation strategy, and promotes the practice of circular economy and sustainable development.

[0018] 3. The implementation of this invention represents not only a revolutionary breakthrough in traditional feed formulation but also a powerful impetus for technological innovation in the feed industry. The unique nutritional components and natural antimicrobial peptides of American cockroach residue provide new perspectives and directions for feed science research, promoting scientific research and technological progress in related fields. Furthermore, by improving feed quality and efficacy, this invention further optimizes the production structure of Nanyao chicken farming, contributing wisdom and strength to the transformation and upgrading of the global feed industry, and demonstrating the core role of technological innovation in promoting agricultural modernization and ensuring food safety. Attached image description:

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 The flowchart below shows the method for preparing compound feed to improve the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] This embodiment provides a compound feed to improve the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage. The compound feed includes: corn, wheat bran, extruded soybean meal, dicalcium phosphate, DL-methionine, vegetable oil, premix, salt, choline chloride, L-lysine salt, limestone powder, and American cockroach residue.

[0023] The weight percentage of the raw materials is:

[0024] The ingredients are: corn 60.43%–68.76%, wheat bran 2.00%–2.37%, extruded soybean meal 12.00%–24.00%, dicalcium phosphate 0.39%–1.85%, DL-methionine 0.15%–0.19%, vegetable oil 1.25%–4.41%, premix 5.00%, salt 0.16%–0.40%, choline chloride 0.10%–0.20%, L-lysine hydrochloride 0.18%–0.24%, limestone powder 1.04%–1.38%, and American cockroach residue 1.70%–8.55%, with the total weight percentage of all ingredients being 100%.

[0025] The specific weight ratio of the feed for improving the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage is as follows:

[0026] The ingredients consist of 67.28% corn [7.8% grade 2], 2.23% wheat bran, 14.40% extruded soybean meal, 0.63% dicalcium phosphate, 0.15% DL-methionine, 1.83% vegetable oil, 5% premix, 0.20% salt, 0.15% choline chloride, 0.19% L-lysine hydrochloride, 1.10% limestone powder, and 6.84% American cockroach residue; the sum of the weight percentages of all ingredients is 100%.

[0027] A method for preparing a compound feed to improve the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage, used in the preparation of the compound feed for improving the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0028] Step A: Preparation of American cockroach residue: Dry the American cockroach residue and grind it into powder using a pulverizing device;

[0029] Step B: Preparation of feed ingredients, grinding corn and extruded soybean meal into powder using a pulverizing device;

[0030] Step C: Feed preparation. The powdered American cockroach residue, corn and extruded soybean meal obtained in Step A and Step B are added to wheat bran, dicalcium phosphate, DL-methionine, vegetable oil, premix, salt, choline chloride, L-lysine salt and limestone powder, and then added to a feed mixer and mixed thoroughly to obtain a compound feed that improves the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early stage of rearing.

[0031] The specific weight percentages of the compound feed are as follows: 67.28% corn [7.8% grade 2], 2.23% wheat bran, 14.40% extruded soybean meal, 0.63% dicalcium phosphate, 0.15% DL-methionine, 1.83% vegetable oil, 5% premix, 0.20% salt, 0.15% choline chloride, 0.19% L-lysine hydrochloride, 1.10% limestone, and 6.84% American cockroach residue; the sum of the weight percentages of all raw materials is 100%.

[0032] Example:

[0033] Analysis of the nutritional composition, heavy metals, and harmful bacteria in American cockroach residue revealed the following nutritional profile: crude protein content as high as 73.41%, crude fat content reaching 20.48%, crude fiber content at 10.25%, and crude ash content at 6.36% (based on oven-dry conditions). More importantly, tests for heavy metals such as chromium, lead, mercury, and arsenic showed that these potentially harmful components were all within safe limits, ensuring feed safety. Simultaneously, the total mold count and Salmonella count were also controlled within safe standards (see Table 1), guaranteeing feed quality. Furthermore, the natural antimicrobial peptides and other active substances contained in the American cockroach residue not only provide a solid guarantee for the healthy growth of Nanyao chickens, effectively reducing disease rates and enhancing their constitution, but also reduce production costs while maintaining overall feed effectiveness.

[0034] Table 1. Results of heavy metal and harmful microorganism detection in American cockroach residue.

[0035]

[0036] Six isonitrogenous and isolipid-rich feeds were formulated using corn, wheat bran, and vegetable oil as energy sources, and extruded soybean meal, DL-methionine, L-lysine salt, and American cockroach residue as protein sources (as shown in Table 2). In Example 1, no American cockroach residue was added to the feed, which served as the control group. In Examples 2 to 5, the amount of American cockroach residue added to the feed ranged from 1.70% to 8.55% to replace soybean meal.

[0037] Table 2. Feed formulations for each example

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Note: Premix (per kg of feed): Vitamin A, 80–230 KIU; Vitamin D3, 30–100 KIU; Vitamin E, 180–1000 mg; Vitamin K3, 28–80 mg; Vitamin B2, 50–250 mg; Vitamin B6, 30–100 mg; Vitamin B12, 0.1–50 mg; Niacin, 300–1000 mg; Folic acid, 8–40 mg; Calcium pantothenate, 130–1200 mg; Biotin, 1–20 mg; Copper, 150–500 mg; Iron, 900–7000 mg; Zinc, 900–3000 mg; Manganese, 700–3500 mg; Iodine, 10–100 mg; Selenium, 1–12 mg; Methionine, ≥1.5%; Lysine, ≥0.5%; Calcium, ≥12%; Phosphorus, ≥1.5%; Sodium chloride, 6.0%–12%; Moisture, ≤10%.

[0041] All feed ingredients were pulverized, passed through a 60-mesh sieve, and then uniformly mixed according to the feed formula (Table 1). The mixture was then stored at room temperature for later use. The nutritional components of the feed formulas in each embodiment of the present invention were tested and are shown in Table 3.

[0042] Table 3. Nutritional composition of feed for each example (%) air-dried basis

[0043]

[0044] An 11-week rearing experiment was conducted on 210 Nanyao chickens with an initial weight of approximately 700g. The chickens were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 5 replicates per group. No significant differences in weight were found among the groups according to the variance test. During the experiment, sufficient feed and water were provided, and the chickens had free access to food. The Nanyao chickens were weighed weekly, and the feed consumption of each cage was recorded. The average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were calculated.

[0045] After the breeding trial, feeding was stopped for 12 hours, and the total weight of the chickens in each cage was weighed to calculate growth performance. In addition, one chicken was randomly selected from each cage, slaughtered, and jejunum, duodenum, and ileum tissues were collected to detect immune and intestinal morphology indicators. All values ​​are expressed as mean ± total standard deviation. One-way ANOVA was used, and Duncan's multiple comparisons were performed when differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

[0046] Tables 4-9 present the experimental data and results.

[0047] Table 4. Growth performance results of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage of each case.

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] Note: Data in the same row with the same letter or no letter above the label indicates no significant difference, while different letters indicate a significant difference (P<0.05).

[0051] As shown in Table 4, when American cockroach residue was used to partially replace soybean meal in feed for Nanyao chickens in Examples 2–6, there were no significant differences in average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake compared to Example 1. However, the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of Examples 2–6 were better than those of Example 1. Therefore, it can be concluded that using American cockroach residue to replace soybean meal has no negative impact on the growth performance of Nanyao chickens.

[0052] Table 5. Results of intestinal immunoglobulin levels in Nanyao chickens during the early rearing stage in each case.

[0053]

[0054] Note: Data in the same row with the same letter or no letter above the label indicates no significant difference, while different letters indicate a significant difference (P<0.05).

[0055] Table 5 shows that in the duodenum, the immunoglobulin A (IgA) content in Examples 2-4 was significantly higher than that in Example 1, and the IgA content showed a significant second increase with the increase of the American cockroach replacement ratio. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) content in Example 1 was significantly lower than that in Examples 3-6, and the IgG content showed a significant second increase with the increase of the American cockroach replacement ratio. In the ileum, the IgA content in Example 1 was significantly lower than that in Example 4, and the IgA content showed a significant second increase with the increase of the American cockroach replacement ratio. In the jejunum, the IgA content in Example 5 was significantly higher than that in the other groups; the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG contents in Examples 2, 4, and 5 were all significantly higher than those in Example 1, and the IgM content showed a significant second increase with the increase of the American cockroach replacement ratio. This indicates that replacing soybean meal with American cockroach residue not only has no adverse effect on the intestinal immunoglobulin content of Nanyao chickens, but also improves the immune function of Nanyao chickens to a certain extent, with Examples 4-5 showing the best effect.

[0056] Table 6. Results of intestinal cytokines in Nanyao chickens during the early rearing stage of each case.

[0057] Note: Data in the same row with the same letter or no letter above the label indicates no significant difference, while different letters indicate a significant difference (P<0.05).

[0058] Table 6 shows that in the duodenum, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in Example 6 were significantly higher than those in Example 1, while the levels of interferon-γ (INF-γ) in Examples 3, 4, and 6 were significantly higher than those in Example 1; and their levels increased significantly twice with increasing levels of replacement with American cockroach residue. In the ileum, the IL-2 level in Example 5 was significantly higher than that in Example 1. In the jejunum, the levels of TNF-α in Examples 2, 3, 4, and 6 were all significantly higher than those in Example 1, and their levels increased significantly linearly once with increasing levels of replacement with American cockroach residue; the INF-γ level in Example 5 was significantly higher than in the other groups. This indicates that replacing soybean meal with American cockroach residue improved the intestinal cytokine levels in Nanyao chickens, with Examples 5 and 6 showing the best results.

[0059] Table 7. Results of intestinal morphology of Nanyao chickens in the early stage of breeding for each example.

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Note: Data in the same row with the same letter or no letter above the label indicates no significant difference, while different letters indicate a significant difference (P<0.05).

[0063] Table 7 shows that in the duodenum and jejunum, there were no significant differences in villus height (VH), villus width (VW), crypt depth (CD), and villus-to-crypt ratio (V / C) among Examples 1–6. In the ileum, the villus height (VH) of Example 1 was significantly lower than that of Examples 5 and 6, and the V / C of Example 1 was significantly lower than that of Example 5; furthermore, the V / C increased significantly linearly and quadratically with the increase in the proportion of American cockroach residue replacing soybean meal. This indicates that the feed formulation using American cockroach residue to replace soybean meal promoted intestinal morphological development to a certain extent, thereby enhancing intestinal absorption function, with Examples 5–6 showing the best results.

[0064] Table 8. Intestinal pH results of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage of each case.

[0065]

[0066] Note: Data in the same row with the same letter or no letter above the label indicates no significant difference, while different letters indicate a significant difference (P<0.05).

[0067] Table 8 shows that in the duodenum, there was no significant difference in intestinal pH between Examples 1 and Examples 2-6, but both showed a significant quadratic increase with increasing replacement levels of American cockroach residue. In the ileum, the intestinal pH of Example 1 was significantly higher than that of the other example groups; in the jejunum, the intestinal pH of Examples 1-3 was significantly higher than that of Example 6; the intestinal pH of both the ileum and jejunum showed a significant linear and quadratic decrease with increasing replacement levels of American cockroach residue. These data indicate that American cockroach residue has a certain regulatory effect on intestinal pH, which may have a positive impact on the digestion, absorption, and overall health of Nanyao chickens.

[0068] Table 9. Results of Alphan diversity index of gut microbiota in Nanyao chickens during the early rearing stage of each example.

[0069] Note: Data in the same row with the same letter or no letter above the label indicates no significant difference, while different letters indicate a significant difference (P<0.05).

[0070] Table 9 shows that there were no significant differences in the alphan diversity index of the gut microbiota in Nanyao chickens from Examples 1 to 6. This indicates that the American cockroach residue has no negative impact on gut microbiota alphan diversity.

[0071] Based on the above research findings, the following important conclusions can be drawn: Using American cockroach residue as a substitute for soybean meal in the early rearing feed of Nanyao chickens not only did not negatively impact their growth performance, but also demonstrated excellent performance in terms of average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, revealing its potential to promote growth. More significantly, this substitution significantly improved the immune function of Nanyao chickens, particularly increasing the levels of duodenal IgA and IgG, thus building a strong immune defense. Simultaneously, the effective maintenance of intestinal health was reflected in the significant increase in ileal VH and V / C and the decrease in intestinal pH, indicating the positive role of American cockroach residue in promoting intestinal development, enhancing absorption function, and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, this strategy has achieved significant results in reducing feed costs and improving economic efficiency, realizing a dual improvement in economic and feeding benefits. At the same time, through waste resource utilization, it promotes resource recycling and contributes to sustainable agricultural development. In conclusion, the optimal ratio of American cockroach residue to soybean meal is 30%–50%, providing a new perspective and practical basis for the continuous progress of Nanyao chicken farming and the exploration of advanced solutions. It demonstrates its comprehensive advantages in promoting growth performance, enhancing immune function, maintaining intestinal health, and promoting green development.

[0072] All technical features in this embodiment can be freely combined according to actual needs.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formulated feed for improving the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage, characterized in that: American cockroach residue was used to partially replace soybean meal in the compound feed of Nanyao chickens during the early rearing stage. The compound feed included corn, wheat bran, extruded soybean meal, dicalcium phosphate, DL-methionine, vegetable oil, premix, salt, choline chloride, L-lysine salt, limestone, and American cockroach residue. The weight percentages of each ingredient were: corn 60.43%–68.76%, wheat bran 2.00%–2.37%, extruded soybean meal 12.00%–24.00%, and dicalcium phosphate. The ingredients are: 0.39%–1.85% dicalcium phosphate, 0.15%–0.19% DL-methionine, 1.25%–4.41% vegetable oil, 5.00% premix, 0.16%–0.40% salt, 0.10%–0.20% choline chloride, 0.18%–0.24% L-lysine hydrochloride, 1.04%–1.38% limestone powder, and 1.70%–8.55% American cockroach residue; the sum of the weight percentages of all raw materials is 100%.

2. A compound feed for improving intestinal health in early-stage Nanyao chickens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formulated feed for improving the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage comprises 67.28% corn [7.8% grade 2], 2.23% wheat bran, 14.40% extruded soybean meal, 0.63% dicalcium phosphate, 0.15% DL-methionine, 1.83% vegetable oil, 5% premix, 0.20% salt, 0.15% choline chloride, 0.19% L-lysine hydrochloride, 1.10% limestone powder, and 6.84% American cockroach residue; the sum of the weight percentages of all raw materials is 100%.

3. A formulated feed for improving the intestinal health of Nanyao chickens in the early rearing stage, as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step A: Preparation of American cockroach residue: Dry the American cockroach residue and grind it into powder using a pulverizing device; Step B: Preparation of feed ingredients, grinding raw materials such as corn and soybean meal into powder using a grinding equipment; Step C: Feed preparation. The powdered American cockroach residue obtained from preparations A and B, corn and soybean meal, and the remaining ingredients described in claim 2 are added to the feed mixer according to the weight ratio and mixed thoroughly.

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