Mining tailing grading concentration blending device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mine tailing solid-liquid separation and concentration treatment, and discloses a mine tailing graded concentration blending device which comprises a base and at least two graded concentration units, a product concentration blending mechanism is arranged at the bottom flow end of each graded concentration unit, and the product concentration blending mechanism comprises a product concentration blending mechanism body and a product concentration blending mechanism body; and the two flexible conducting assemblies are respectively communicated with the underflow ports of the two graded concentration units in a sealing manner. The throttling necking piece is arranged in the rigid vertical pipes and located below the communicating opening of the bypass adjusting bridge, so that the bypass adjusting bridge and the two rigid vertical pipes rapidly establish a full pipe flow and a stable static pressure field, the static pressure difference generated by inclination becomes repeatable and predictable bypass driving force, the bypass direction is directly determined by the inclination height relation, and the stability of the bypass driving force is improved. And the bypass opening and closing valve is only used for bypass on-off or maintenance isolation and does not participate in semi-open throttling concentration adjustment, and the problems that semi-open throttling of a traditional valve is prone to abrasion and clamping stagnation and concentration adjustment is not stable under the working condition of high-concentration tailings are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solid-liquid separation and concentration treatment technology of mine tailings, specifically a tailings grading, concentration and blending device for mines. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-liquid separation and concentration of tailings are key steps in mine backfilling processes. On-site, a combination of classification and concentration equipment is often used as the classification and concentration unit, such as hydrocyclone arrays, gravity thickeners (e.g., thickeners, inclined plate thickeners), or combinations thereof. In actual production, due to fluctuations in feed pressure and changes in ore properties, the underflow concentration and flow rate of each classification and concentration unit are often uneven, requiring secondary adjustment of the product through regulating mechanisms.

[0003] In existing technologies, the regulation of underflow concentration mainly relies on installing gate valves or pinch valves in the connecting pipeline; however, this method has significant drawbacks:

[0004] First, the valve wears out very quickly. High-concentration tailings contain a large number of high-hardness particles. When the valve core is in a semi-open throttling state, it will be violently eroded, leading to sealing failure or even valve body perforation, requiring frequent shutdowns for replacement.

[0005] Secondly, the rheological properties are difficult to control. When the tailings concentration exceeds 65%, the slurry exhibits significant Bingham fluid characteristics (high yield stress), which makes it very easy to deposit and block in horizontal pipelines. It is difficult to drive the flow of high-viscosity paste by relying solely on gravity or pump pressure. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tailings grading, concentration and blending device for mines, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tailings classification, concentration, and blending device, comprising a base and at least two classification and concentration units, wherein a product concentration blending mechanism is provided at the underflow end of each classification and concentration unit, the product concentration blending mechanism comprising:

[0008] Two flexible conductive components are respectively sealed and connected to the underflow ports of two staged concentration units, and have axial extension and multi-directional angular deflection degrees of freedom.

[0009] A rigid discharge assembly is rotatably mounted on a fixed mounting base on the base. It includes two rigid vertical pipes connected to the lower ends of two flexible conductive components and a bypass regulating bridge connecting the two rigid vertical pipes. The bypass regulating bridge includes a bypass fluid conduit. A bypass on / off valve and a replaceable flow limiting module are connected in series on the bypass fluid conduit. The bypass on / off valve is used to switch the bypass on / off, and the replaceable flow limiting module limits the bypass flow. A throttling and narrowing component is provided in the inner cavity of the two rigid vertical pipes and below the connection port of the bypass regulating bridge to form a full-pipe static pressure field at both ends of the bypass regulating bridge.

[0010] The attitude drive mechanism is connected to the rigid discharge assembly and drives it to tilt synchronously relative to the base in the vertical plane, so that a gravitational potential energy difference is generated at both ends of the bypass adjustment bridge, thereby driving the fluid in the pipe to bypass through the bypass adjustment bridge to adjust the discharge concentration and flow distribution of the product at the bottom of the two rigid vertical pipes.

[0011] Preferably, the flexible conductive assembly includes an outer elastic corrugated sleeve and a scale-like suspended bushing located inside the elastic corrugated sleeve.

[0012] The elastic bellows sleeve includes a bellows body, and an upper flange and a lower flange respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the bellows body;

[0013] The scale-type suspended bushing is composed of several short conical wear-resistant guide tubes connected in series along the axial direction. There are radial movable gaps and axial expansion and contraction overlap sections between adjacent short conical wear-resistant guide tubes. The bottom outer edge of the upper-level short conical wear-resistant guide tube is provided with an outward flange, and the top inner edge of the lower-level short conical wear-resistant guide tube is provided with an inward rolled edge. The two form a mechanical interlocking structure to prevent it from falling off when it undergoes relative angular displacement following the bending deformation of the corrugated pipe body. The upper end of the scale-type suspended bushing is connected to the inner wall of the upper flange through a connecting ring, and the lower flange is connected to the top flange of the rigid vertical pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom end of the flexible conductive component is provided with a spherical floating joint, and the inner wall of the lower flange is provided with a rigid socket that matches it. The outer wall of the spherical floating joint is a spherical convex surface, and the inner wall of the rigid socket is a spherical concave surface. The two cooperate to form a spherical hinge structure.

[0015] A back pressure water seal gap is provided between the convex surface and the concave surface of the sphere. The flexible conductive component is provided with a water injection interface connected to the back pressure water seal gap, which is used to inject a clean fluid with a pressure higher than that of the fluid in the pipe into the gap to form a bearing lubricating water film and block tailings particles from entering.

[0016] Preferably, the attitude drive mechanism includes an inclined hydraulic cylinder, the bottom of which is hinged to the base via a trunnion support, allowing the cylinder to rotate around the trunnion support to adapt to the trajectory changes of the rigid discharge assembly. The piston rod head of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to an elastic composite spherical bearing, and the rigid discharge assembly is connected to the piston rod head via the elastic composite spherical bearing.

[0017] The elastic composite spherical bearing includes an inner steel sleeve, an outer steel sleeve, and a rubber vibration isolation layer vulcanized between the two. It also includes a top support and a pin fixed on a rigid discharge assembly. The inner steel sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the outer circumference of the pin, and the pin is fixed in the top support.

[0018] Preferably, the rigid discharge assembly is rotatably mounted on the mounting base on the front of the base via a flexible rotary support. The flexible rotary support includes a mounting sleeve, a mounting base, a torsion rubber bushing, a fixed shaft, a positioning ring, and an auxiliary bushing. The fixed shaft is horizontally cantilevered and fixed in the adapter hole of the mounting base. The inner hole of the torsion rubber bushing forms a circumferential anti-rotation fit with the outer wall of the fixed shaft. The mounting sleeve is tightly fitted onto the outer side of the torsion rubber bushing, and its outer end is connected and fixed to the rigid discharge assembly via the mounting base. An adapter ring groove is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the mounting sleeve. The positioning ring is fixed at the adapter hole of the mounting base and embedded in the adapter ring groove. The auxiliary bushing fills the gap between the positioning ring and the adapter ring groove and is configured to limit the axial displacement of the mounting sleeve. The rigid discharge assembly is configured to generate shear deformation by squeezing the torsion rubber bushing to adapt to the tilting deflection relative to the fixed shaft and isolate high-frequency vibration.

[0019] Preferably, the attitude drive mechanism further includes an eccentric vibrating motor rigidly fixed to the outer wall of the rigid discharge assembly by bolts. The eccentric vibrating motor applies high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration to the rigid discharge assembly while the rigid discharge assembly maintains an inclined deflection attitude, so as to reduce the apparent viscosity of the high-concentration tailings in the pipe.

[0020] Preferably, it also includes a control unit, which is connected to both the hydraulic cylinder and the eccentric excitation motor, and is configured to perform the following control operations:

[0021] When the device is in steady-state regulation mode, the hydraulic cylinder is kept locked in position and the eccentric excitation motor is started and run.

[0022] When the device is in dynamic dredging mode, the eccentric vibrating motor is stopped and a control signal is sent to the hydraulic cylinder to drive the rigid discharge assembly to perform low-frequency reciprocating oscillation within a set angle range.

[0023] Preferably, the throttling and constricting component is a wear-resistant ceramic ring embedded inside a rigid vertical pipe. The inner diameter of the wear-resistant ceramic ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the rigid vertical pipe, which is used to establish a full-pipe flow state inside the rigid vertical pipe.

[0024] Preferably, the overlapping mating surface of the scale-type suspended bushing is provided with an elastic throttling lip, which opens slightly under the action of water injection pressure to allow clean fluid to seep out, and closes under the action of tailings pressure in the pipe to seal the flow channel.

[0025] Preferably, the bypass regulating bridge adopts a structural load-bearing and fluid conduction separation design. In addition to the bypass fluid conduit, the bypass regulating bridge also includes a parallel rigid load-bearing beam. The inner end of the rigid load-bearing beam is connected to the mounting base, and the outer end is connected to the rigid vertical pipe, thereby transferring the gravity load of the rigid vertical pipe to the flexible rotary support. The bypass fluid conduit is fixed on the mounting base and extends parallel to the rigid load-bearing beam. The replaceable flow limiting module includes a detachable cylinder and a throttling element disposed inside the detachable cylinder. The two ends of the detachable cylinder are provided with flange assemblies and configured to be sealed in the bypass fluid conduit. An axial expansion and contraction compensation structure is provided on one side to provide axial retraction clearance during disassembly.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. By installing a throttling constriction device inside a rigid vertical pipe and below the bypass regulating bridge connection, the bypass regulating bridge and the two rigid vertical pipes can quickly establish full pipe flow and a stable static pressure field. This makes the "static pressure difference generated by the inclination" a repeatable and predictable bypass driving force. The bypass direction is directly determined by the inclination height relationship. The bypass opening and closing valve is only used for bypass opening and closing or maintenance isolation and does not participate in half-open throttling concentration adjustment. This avoids the problems of easy wear, jamming and unstable concentration adjustment of traditional valves under high-concentration tailings conditions when half-open throttling is used.

[0028] 2. By installing a bypass on / off valve and a replaceable flow limiting module on the bypass fluid conduit, the bypass on / off valve only handles the switching of on / off / isolation conditions, while the replaceable flow limiting module handles the proportional limitation of the bypass flow. When the target operating conditions change or the flow ratio deviates due to wear of the throttling device, only the module needs to be replaced to restore the calibration, reducing downtime and maintenance workload.

[0029] 3. The flexible conductive component adopts a composite structure of elastic bellows body and scale-type suspended bushing, so that the inner wall of the flow guide remains continuous and wear-resistant even when deflected at a large angle; combined with the back pressure water seal design of the spherical floating joint, the risk of abrasive particle intrusion and jamming at the joint is reduced, and the long-term reliability of the device is improved.

[0030] 4. When needed, the apparent viscosity and yield threshold of high-concentration tailings can be reduced by the high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration of the eccentric excitation motor, so that stable bypass can be achieved at a small inclination angle; and it can be combined with the reciprocating swing of the attitude drive mechanism to form an online clearing action, reducing the probability of downtime caused by sediment blockage. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the attitude adjustment mechanism and the bypass adjustment bridge of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the attitude adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the elastic composite joint bearing of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the flexible conductive component and the rigid vertical tube of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the flexible rotary support component of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the flexible conductive component of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the eccentrically excited motor of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 This is an assembly diagram of the replaceable current limiting module of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the replaceable current limiting module of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic throttling lip of the present invention.

[0043] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Flexible conductive assembly; 201. Bellows body; 202. Upper flange; 203. Lower flange; 204. Short conical wear-resistant guide tube; 205. Outward flange; 206. Inward flange; 207. Spherical floating joint; 3. Rigid discharge assembly; 301. Rigid vertical pipe; 302. Bypass adjustment bridge; 4. Attitude drive mechanism; 401. Hydraulic cylinder; 402. Trunnion support; 5. Connecting ring; 6. Rigid socket; 7. Elastic composite spherical plain bearing; 701. Inner steel sleeve; 702. Outer steel sleeve; 7 03. Rubber vibration isolation layer; 704. Top support; 705. Pin; 8. Throttling and narrowing component; 9. Flexible rotary support component; 901. Mounting sleeve; 902. Mounting seat; 903. Torsional rubber bushing; 904. Fixed shaft; 905. Positioning ring; 906. Auxiliary bushing; 10. Eccentric vibration motor; 11. Elastic throttling lip; 12. Bypass on / off valve; 13. Replaceable flow limiting module; 1301. Detachable cylinder; 1302. Throttling component; 14. Rigid load-bearing crossbeam; 15. Assembly seat; 16. Staged concentration unit. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a tailings classification, concentration, and blending device, including a base 1 and at least two classification and concentration units 16. Each classification and concentration unit 16 has a product concentration blending mechanism at its underflow end. The product concentration blending mechanism includes: two flexible conductive components 2, which are respectively sealed and connected to the underflow ports of the two classification and concentration units 16, and have axial extension and multi-directional angular deflection degrees of freedom; and a rigid discharge component 3, including two rigid vertical pipes 301 respectively connected to the lower ends of the two flexible conductive components 2, and a bypass regulating bridge 302 connecting the two rigid vertical pipes 301. A bypass is connected in series on the bypass fluid conduit of the bypass regulating bridge 302. The bypass valve 12 and the replaceable flow limiting module 13 are used to bypass the flow. The bypass valve 12 is used to bypass the flow, and the replaceable flow limiting module 13 limits the bypass flow. A throttling nozzle 8 is provided in the inner cavity of the two rigid vertical pipes 301 and below the connection port of the bypass regulating bridge 302 to form a full-pipe static pressure field at both ends of the bypass regulating bridge 302. The attitude drive mechanism 4 is connected to the rigid discharge assembly 3 and drives it to tilt synchronously relative to the base 1 in the vertical plane, so that a gravitational potential energy difference is generated at both ends of the bypass regulating bridge 302, thereby driving the fluid in the pipe to bypass through the bypass regulating bridge 302 to adjust the discharge concentration and flow distribution of the product at the bottom of the two rigid vertical pipes 301.

[0046] In this embodiment, the grading and concentration unit 16 is an upstream pretreatment device that uses centrifugal force or gravity field to perform solid-liquid separation and particle classification of slurry.

[0047] In this preferred embodiment, the unit employs a hydrocyclone. Its working principle is as follows: the slurry enters the hydrocyclone tangentially under pressure, generating a high-speed rotating flow field. Utilizing the significant difference in centrifugal inertial force between coarse and fine particles, the coarse particles (tailings) migrate towards the wall and spiral downwards, forming a high-concentration "underflow" that is discharged from the bottom and directly enters the flexible conductive component 2 of this invention. Meanwhile, the fine particles and most of the water migrate towards the center, forming an upward spiral overflow. In other embodiments, it can also be replaced by a solid-liquid separation device with similar underflow discharge characteristics, such as the discharge port of a "deep cone thickener" or the concentrate interception port of a "spiral chute".

[0048] Two rigid vertical pipes 301 are connected at their bottom ends to the downstream full pipe section / inserted below the liquid level in the collection tank / one of the return bend liquid seal sections is set to ensure full pipe operation.

[0049] To ensure a stable full-pipe static pressure field is formed at both ends of the bypass regulating bridge 302, this embodiment provides a full-pipe establishment structure at the bottom ends of the two rigid vertical pipes 301. The full-pipe establishment structure adopts at least one of the following methods:

[0050] (a) The bottom end of the vertical pipe is inserted below the liquid level in the downstream collection tank to form a liquid seal, so that the inner cavity of the vertical pipe remains full;

[0051] (b) A U-shaped bend liquid seal section is connected to the bottom of the vertical pipe to form a liquid seal at the lowest point and suppress air intake;

[0052] (c) The bottom end of the vertical pipe is connected to the downstream full-pipe discharge main pipe, and a venting / exhausting device is set at the high point of the system for starting exhaust and running exhaust.

[0053] Preferably, during the initial filling stage, the venting device is opened first, and after the vertical pipe 301 and the bypass regulating bridge 302 are filled with slurry, the venting device is closed to maintain the static pressure state of the communicating vessel.

[0054] It is worth noting that this device adopts a rheological self-locking valveless design concept. Although a bypass regulating bridge 302 with physical connection is provided between the two rigid vertical pipes 301, and no mechanical shut-off valve is installed, the device utilizes the non-Newtonian fluid characteristics of high-concentration tailings (typically >60%) and the static pressure balance mechanism of the structure to avoid uncontrolled crossflow. Specifically, since the rigid discharge assembly 3 is rotated and installed through the attitude drive mechanism 4, when the drive mechanism is locked in the horizontal position (zero position), the liquid column height in the two vertical pipes is strictly consistent, and the static pressure difference between the two ends of the bypass regulating bridge 302 is zero (ΔP≈0). At this time, the high-concentration tailings have a high initial yield stress, and the small pressure fluctuations in the pipe (such as the pulsation of the underflow in the staged concentration unit) are insufficient to overcome this yield stress threshold. Therefore, the paste tailings in the bypass regulating bridge 302 are actually in a plugged state, forming a natural soft sealing barrier, which effectively prevents the liquid from flowing randomly between the left and right pipes. The flow is only activated when the attitude drive mechanism 4 actively generates a significant gravitational potential energy difference.

[0055] Furthermore, the flexible conductive assembly 2 includes an external elastic bellows sleeve and a scale-type suspension bushing located inside the elastic bellows sleeve; the elastic bellows sleeve includes a bellows body 201, and an upper flange 202 and a lower flange 203 respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the bellows body 201; the scale-type suspension bushing is composed of several short conical wear-resistant guide tubes 204 connected in series and stacked along the axial direction, with radial movement gaps and axial expansion and contraction overlap sections between adjacent short conical wear-resistant guide tubes 204, and the bottom outer edge of the upper-level short conical wear-resistant guide tube is provided with an outward flange 205, and the top inner edge of the lower-level short conical wear-resistant guide tube is provided with an inward rolled edge 206, the two forming a mechanical interlocking structure, used to follow the bending deformation of the bellows body 201. The scale-like suspended bushing is connected to the inner wall of the upper flange 202 via a connecting ring 5, and the lower flange 203 is connected to the top flange of the rigid vertical pipe 301. The bottom end of the flexible conductive assembly 2 is provided with a spherical floating joint 207, and the inner wall of the lower flange 203 is provided with a rigid socket 6 that matches it. The outer wall of the spherical floating joint 207 is a spherical convex surface, and the inner wall of the rigid socket 6 is a spherical concave surface. The two are matched to form a spherical hinge structure. A back pressure water seal gap is provided between the spherical convex surface and the spherical concave surface. The flexible conductive assembly 2 is provided with a water injection interface that connects to the back pressure water seal gap, which is used to inject a clean fluid with a pressure higher than that of the fluid in the pipe into the gap to form a bearing lubricating water film and block tailings particles from entering.

[0056] This embodiment achieves functional decoupling between the wear resistance of the flow channel and the flexibility of the outer wall. Specifically, the outer elastic bellows sleeve mainly undertakes the functions of sealing and large-angle deformation, but does not directly contact the highly abrasive tailings. The inner scale-type suspended bushing forms an armor-like liner, using hard wear-resistant materials (such as wear-resistant alloys or ceramics) to directly withstand the tailings erosion. The mechanical interlocking structure formed by the outer flange 205 and the inner rolled edge 206 essentially forms a multi-stage tension limiting chain. When the rigid discharge assembly 3 tilts, the short conical wear-resistant guide tubes on the outer side of the bellows bend stretch against each other until the rolled edge and the flange engage, preventing the short conical wear-resistant guide tubes from falling off or separating excessively. On the inner side of the bend, the short conical wear-resistant guide tubes overlap each other, using radial gaps to accommodate displacement. This fish-scale-like adaptive structure ensures that the internal flow channel remains continuously covered under large-angle swings of ±15°, protecting the bellows from being worn through without restricting the flexible movement freedom of the device.

[0057] It should be noted that this device adopts the bypass regulation concept of "rheological self-locking + controllable on / off": Although there is a physically connected bypass regulation bridge 302 between the two rigid vertical pipes 301, the bypass on / off valve 12 set on the bypass regulation bridge 302 (or its bypass fluid conduit) is only used for on / off / isolation during operation switching (and auxiliary operations such as starting liquid filling), and does not use valve half-open throttling to achieve concentration; the repeatable control of bypass flow rate and split ratio is achieved by the static pressure difference established by the attitude drive mechanism 4 and the replaceable flow limiting module 13. Specifically, the rigid discharge assembly 3 is rotated and installed via the attitude drive mechanism 4. When the drive mechanism is locked in the horizontal position (zero position), the liquid column heights in the two vertical pipes 301 are strictly consistent, and the static pressure difference between the two ends of the bypass regulating bridge 302 is zero (ΔP≈0). At this time, even if the bypass opening and closing valve 12 is in the open state, the high-concentration tailings (usually >60%) are in a plugged / soft-sealed state in the bypass regulating bridge 302 due to their high initial yield stress. The small pressure fluctuations from the underflow of the staged concentration unit are difficult to continuously overcome this yield threshold, thereby effectively suppressing uncontrolled crossflow between the left and right pipes. Only when bypass regulation is required, the control unit drives the rigid discharge assembly 3 to form a preset tilt angle while opening the bypass opening and closing valve 12, so that a significant gravitational potential energy difference is generated between the two ends of the bypass regulating bridge 302 and a predictable static pressure difference is established (ΔP≈ρ·g·Δh). The bypass flow is then activated and outputs stably according to the calibrated split ratio under the flow limiting effect of the flow limiting module 13.

[0058] The preferred water injection system includes a filter, a high-pressure water supply pump, a pressure stabilizing / reducing component, a check valve, and a flow restrictor. A pressure gauge / pressure sensor can be installed to ensure that the water injection pressure is consistently higher than the tailings pressure inside the pipe. At the same time, the water injection flow rate is controlled within the micro-range required for lubrication and sand control by flow restriction. The clean water that seeps into the slurry can be incorporated into the overflow or recovery water system, thereby avoiding significant impact on the underflow concentration target.

[0059] Furthermore, the overlapping mating surface of the scale-type suspended bushing is provided with an elastic throttling lip 11, which opens slightly under the action of water injection pressure to allow clean fluid to seep out, and closes under the action of tailings pressure in the pipe to seal the flow channel.

[0060] To prevent tailings particles from entering the expansion gaps of the scale-type suspension bushing and causing wear or jamming, this embodiment provides an elastic throttling lip 11 (made of wear-resistant rubber, specifically V-shaped, with the opening of its V-shaped section facing the inner cavity of the short conical wear-resistant guide cylinder 204) at the overlapping mating surface of adjacent short conical wear-resistant guide cylinders 204. Its working mechanism is one-way check valve control.

[0061] Flushing mode activated: When high-pressure cleaning fluid is introduced into the bellows jacket, the fluid pressure acts on the V-shaped lip and overcomes the rubber elasticity, causing it to open slightly in the direction of the flow channel. The cleaning fluid then flows out from the gap to lubricate and flush the overlapping surfaces.

[0062] Closed and sealed state: When water injection stops or the pressure inside the pipe increases, the pressure of the tailings medium inside the pipe acts directly on the inner side of the V-shaped lip, forcing the two wings of the V-shaped lip to press tightly against the metal wall of the short conical wear-resistant guide tube 204. The greater the pressure, the tighter the fit, thus physically blocking the tailings particles from entering the corrugated pipe interlayer in the reverse direction.

[0063] Furthermore, the attitude drive mechanism 4 includes an inclined hydraulic cylinder 401. The bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 401 is hinged to the base 1 via a trunnion support 402, allowing the cylinder body to rotate around the trunnion support 402 to adapt to the trajectory changes of the rigid discharge assembly 3. The piston rod head of the hydraulic cylinder 401 is connected to an elastic composite spherical bearing 7. The rigid discharge assembly 3 is connected to the piston rod head via the elastic composite spherical bearing 7. The elastic composite spherical bearing 7 includes an inner steel sleeve 701, an outer steel sleeve 702, and a rubber vibration isolation layer 703 vulcanized between the two. It also includes a top support 704 and a pin 705 fixed on the rigid discharge assembly 3. The inner steel sleeve 701 is rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the pin 705, and the pin 705 is fixed in the top support 704.

[0064] In this embodiment, the piston rod head of the hydraulic cylinder 401 is machined with an annular rod head lug;

[0065] The outer steel sleeve 702 of the elastic composite spherical bearing 7 is press-fitted into the inner hole of the rod head lug by an interference fit, so that the outer steel sleeve 702 moves synchronously with the piston rod;

[0066] The top support 704 is preferably a double-ear support, which is welded and fixed to the outer wall of the rigid discharge assembly 3; the pin 705 is transversely inserted and fixed between the two ears of the top support 704, and the inner steel sleeve 701 is fitted with a clearance fit on the outer circumference of the pin 705, allowing the inner steel sleeve 701 to rotate relative to the pin 705. The elastic damping characteristics of the rubber vibration isolation layer 703, which is vulcanized and bonded between the inner steel sleeve 701 and the outer steel sleeve 702, are used to block the transmission of vibration.

[0067] Specifically:

[0068] When the hydraulic cylinder 401 extends or retracts, the driving force is transmitted sequentially through the piston rod, the outer steel sleeve 702, and the rubber vibration isolation layer 703 to the inner steel sleeve 701, which in turn pushes the pin 705 to drive the rigid discharge assembly 3 to deflect. During this process, the inner steel sleeve 701 rotates around the pin 705 to compensate for the angle change between the hydraulic rod and the discharge assembly and prevent motion interference.

[0069] When the rigid discharge assembly 3 is under high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration, the vibration energy is transmitted to the inner steel sleeve 701 via the pin 705. At this time, the rubber vibration isolation layer 703 absorbs the high-frequency vibration energy by its own elastic deformation and internal friction damping, isolating the violent shaking of the rigid discharge assembly 3 from the hydraulic cylinder 401, and preventing the seals of the hydraulic cylinder from failing and leaking due to long-term high-frequency impact load.

[0070] Furthermore, the rigid discharge assembly 3 is rotatably mounted on the mounting base 15 on the front of the base 1 via a flexible rotary support 9. The flexible rotary support 9 includes a mounting sleeve 901, a mounting base 902, a torsion rubber bushing 903, a fixed shaft 904, a positioning ring 905, and an auxiliary bushing 906. The fixed shaft 904 is horizontally cantilevered and fixed in the adapter hole opened in the mounting base 15. The inner hole of the torsion rubber bushing 903 and the outer wall of the fixed shaft 904 form a circumferential anti-rotation fit. The mounting sleeve 901 is tightly pressed onto the torsion rubber bushing 903. On the outside, its outer end is connected and fixed to the rigid discharge assembly 3 via the mounting base 902. The outer circumferential surface of the mounting sleeve 901 is provided with an adapter ring groove. The positioning ring 905 is fixed at the adapter hole of the mounting base 15 and embedded in the adapter ring groove. The auxiliary bushing 906 fills the mating gap between the positioning ring 905 and the adapter ring groove, and is configured to limit the axial displacement of the mounting sleeve 901. The rigid discharge assembly 3 is configured to generate shear deformation by squeezing and torturing the rubber bushing 903 to adapt to the tilting deflection relative to the fixed shaft 904 and isolate high-frequency vibration.

[0071] In this embodiment, the core component of the flexible rotary support 9 is a "static shaft-moving sleeve" structure. The fixed shaft 904 is horizontally fixed deep in the adapter hole on the mounting base 15 to ensure that the shaft does not rotate. The torsion rubber bushing 903 adopts an anti-slip design with irregular inner and outer shapes: its inner hole and the outer wall of the fixed shaft 904 are circumferentially locked by non-circular cross-section fitting (such as rectangular or round with tangent edge) or vulcanization bonding; its outer wall and the inner hole of the mounting sleeve 901 are fixed by high interference fit. The mounting sleeve 901 serves as the rotation output end, and its outer end extends out of the mounting base 15 and is connected to the inner hole of the mounting sleeve 901. The mounting base 902 is welded or bolted together, and then rigidly fixed to the rigid material discharge assembly 3. In order to prevent the mounting sleeve 901 from axially dislodging during rotation, an annular adapter groove is machined on the outer circumferential surface of the mounting sleeve 901. The positioning ring 905 (preferably a split-type pressure cap structure) is fixed to the end face of the adapter hole of the mounting base 15 by screws, and its inner edge is embedded in the adapter groove. The auxiliary bushing 906 (made of polytetrafluoroethylene or wear-resistant copper alloy) fills the gap between the positioning ring 905 and the adapter groove to form a sliding friction pair.

[0072] Specifically:

[0073] When the rigid discharge assembly 3 is tilted by the hydraulic cylinder, it drives the mounting base 902 and the mounting sleeve 901 to rotate around the fixed shaft 904. Since the fixed shaft 904 is stationary, the mounting sleeve 901 forces the torsion rubber bushing 903 to undergo elastic shear deformation. The elastic restoring force of the rubber molecular chain provides an auxiliary return torque, achieving frictionless and gapless rotation within a range of ±15°.

[0074] When the rigid discharge assembly 3 is subjected to axial tensile force or gravitational component and tends to come out, the side wall of the adapter ring groove on the mounting sleeve 901 will press the auxiliary bushing 906 and the positioning ring 905, and transfer the axial load to the mounting base 15, thereby physically restricting the axial displacement of the assembly.

[0075] When the high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration is transmitted from the mounting sleeve 901 to the torsion rubber bushing 903, it is absorbed and dissipated by the internal friction damping of the rubber material and cannot be transmitted to the fixed shaft 904 and the base 1, thus achieving the decoupling of rigid support and flexible vibration isolation.

[0076] Furthermore, the attitude drive mechanism 4 also includes an eccentric excitation motor 10 that is rigidly fixed to the outer wall of the rigid discharge assembly 3 by bolts. While the rigid discharge assembly 3 maintains its tilted deflection attitude, the eccentric excitation motor 10 applies high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration to the rigid discharge assembly 3 to reduce the apparent viscosity of the high-concentration tailings in the pipe.

[0077] In this embodiment, the base of the eccentric excitation motor 10 is designed as an arc-shaped structure that matches the outer diameter of the pipe wall. It is rigidly connected by bolts to ensure that the vibration energy is effectively transmitted to the pipe wall. An eccentric block is configured inside the motor, which generates high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration (preferably 25-50Hz) during operation. It uses the thixotropic effect to reduce the apparent viscosity of high-concentration tailings in the pipe, assisting the inclined flow. The frequency / amplitude can be selected according to the tailings concentration, which is a conventional parameter setting.

[0078] Specifically:

[0079] The high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration applied by the eccentric excitation motor 10 introduces continuous alternating shear stress into the fluid inside the pipe, destroying the flocculated network structure formed between tailings particles due to static electricity or adhesion, loosening its microstructure, thereby significantly reducing the apparent viscosity of the fluid and the coefficient of friction of the pipe wall.

[0080] When the rigid discharge assembly 3 is in an inclined position, gravitational potential energy provides axial driving force, while vibration reduces the fluid flow resistance threshold. The two work together to allow the paste tailings, which were originally stuck due to yield stress in a static state, to break through the flow threshold at a small inclination angle, achieving smooth bypass regulation.

[0081] Furthermore, it also includes a control unit, which is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 401 and the eccentric vibrating motor 10 respectively, and is configured to switch the control device between steady-state adjustment mode and dynamic dredging mode; in steady-state adjustment mode, the hydraulic cylinder 401 is locked in position and the eccentric vibrating motor 10 is started; in dynamic dredging mode, the eccentric vibrating motor 10 is stopped and the hydraulic cylinder 401 is controlled to drive the rigid discharge assembly 3 to perform low-frequency reciprocating oscillation within a set angle range, and the volume pulsation effect of the flexible conductive assembly 2 is used to pump and dredge (the locking position is achieved by hydraulic lock / balance valve / cartridge check valve).

[0082] This embodiment defines two operating conditions:

[0083] Steady-state adjustment mode (daily operation): The control unit controls the hydraulic cylinder 401 to lock at a specific extension length, keeping the rigid discharge assembly 3 at a constant tilt angle, thereby establishing a stable gravitational potential energy difference at both ends of the bypass adjustment bridge 302. Simultaneously, the eccentric excitation motor 10 is started for continuous excitation. At this time, the device is in a state of static displacement and micro-vibration. The hydraulic lock ensures that the driving potential energy of the flow remains unchanged, while the micro-vibration maintains the shear-thinning state of the tailings, allowing it to pass smoothly through the adjustment bridge and achieving precise flow distribution.

[0084] Dynamic dredging mode (blockage handling): When a blockage or abnormally low flow rate is detected in the pipeline, the control unit stops the eccentric excitation motor 10 (to prevent high-frequency vibration from interfering with large-scale movement) and controls the hydraulic cylinder 401 to drive the rigid discharge assembly 3 to perform low-frequency (0.5-1Hz) reciprocating large-scale swing within a set angle range (±10°). This utilizes the volumetric pulsating pumping effect of the flexible conductive assembly 2: When the rigid vertical pipe 301 tilts significantly to one side, the corrugated pipe body 201 above that side is forcibly compressed, and its internal volume decreases instantaneously, generating squeezing discharge pressure; when tilted in the opposite direction, the corrugated pipe body 201 is stretched, and the volume increases to generate suction. Then, through periodic volume changes, combined with the gravity swaying inertia of the fluid inside the pipe, a strong flushing and pulse pushing are formed on the deposited hard tail sand, thereby achieving unblocking without disassembling the machine.

[0085] Actions and flow path of dynamic dredging mode: When entering dynamic dredging mode, firstly close the bypass valve 12 and return the rigid discharge component 3 to the reference tilt angle, so that the two underflows are discharged down the vertical pipe 301 respectively; then control the hydraulic cylinder 401 to swing back and forth within a preset small angle range, so that the flexible conductive component 2 undergoes periodic axial extension and slight bending, thereby forming periodic pressure pulsation and shear disturbance between the underflow port and the vertical pipe 301, reducing the yield threshold of local deposition and promoting the reflow and discharge of the deposits; if necessary, the eccentric excitation motor 10 can be started for a short time to superimpose vibration to enhance the unblocking effect. After dredging is completed, stop swinging and lock the posture to restore steady-state adjustment mode.

[0086] Furthermore, the throttling and narrowing component 8 is a wear-resistant ceramic ring embedded inside the rigid vertical pipe 301. The inner diameter of the wear-resistant ceramic ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the rigid vertical pipe 301, which is used to establish a full-pipe flow state inside the rigid vertical pipe 301.

[0087] In this embodiment, given the high abrasiveness of the tailings underflow, the throttling constriction member 8 is made of high-hardness engineering ceramics (such as alumina or silicon carbide ceramics). Its inner diameter is significantly smaller than the diameter of the rigid vertical pipe 301 (the diameter reduction ratio is 0.6-0.8), forming a local throttling section. When the slurry flows through this constriction position, the flow cross-sectional area decreases sharply, generating local flow resistance. This establishes a constant back pressure upstream of the constriction member. This back pressure enables the slurry to overcome the liquid flow dispersion caused by gravity acceleration, backfilling upwards and filling the entire internal space of the rigid vertical pipe 301 and the bypass regulating bridge 302, expelling air from the pipe, and establishing a full-pipe flow state for actual distribution. This, combined with the gravitational potential energy difference generated by the tilt, is effectively converted into the power to drive the liquid flow to migrate laterally between the pipes. Moreover, this local throttling section is equivalent to a fluid damper, which can effectively filter out the instantaneous pressure pulsation generated by the upstream hydrocyclone, prevent high-frequency fluctuations from disrupting the static pressure balance in the bypass regulating bridge, and further ensure the system stability in the valveless state.

[0088] Furthermore, the bypass regulating bridge 302 adopts a structural load-bearing and fluid conduction separation design. In addition to the bypass fluid conduit, the bypass regulating bridge 302 also includes a parallel rigid load-bearing beam 14. The inner end of the rigid load-bearing beam 14 is connected to the mounting base 902, and the outer end is connected to the rigid vertical pipe 301, thereby transferring the gravity load of the rigid vertical pipe 301 to the flexible rotary support 9. The bypass fluid conduit is fixed on the mounting base 902 and extends parallel to the rigid load-bearing beam 14. The replaceable flow limiting module 13 includes a detachable cylinder 1301 and a throttling element 1302 disposed inside the detachable cylinder 1301. The two ends of the detachable cylinder 1301 are provided with flange assemblies and configured to be sealed in the bypass fluid conduit. An axial expansion compensation structure is provided on one side to provide an axial retraction clearance during disassembly.

[0089] In this embodiment, the bypass regulating bridge 302 is structurally divided into a main load-bearing structure and an independent flow guide pipe. The rigid load-bearing crossbeam 14 (preferably an I-beam or a rectangular tube) is symmetrically welded to both sides of the mounting base 902, extends outward and is rigidly connected to the rigid vertical pipe 301, thus forming a stable cantilever rigid frame. It works in conjunction with the flexible rotary support 9 to support the rigid discharge assembly 3. The bypass fluid conduit parallel to it undertakes the fluid transport function, ensuring that when the bypass fluid conduit is removed, the rigid load-bearing crossbeam 14 can still hold the rigid vertical pipes 301 at both ends, ensuring the overall stability of the device. The bypass fluid conduit integrates a replaceable flow limiting module 13, which is used to adjust the bypass flow resistance according to process requirements. The core of the replaceable flow limiting module 13 is the internal throttling element 1302 (designed as an embedded wear-resistant ceramic orifice plate or Venturi tube). Its diameter is preset according to the required flow split ratio. When the throttling element 1302 wears down and the adjustment accuracy decreases, it is not necessary to replace the entire pipe, only the module needs to be replaced.

[0090] In this embodiment, to achieve non-destructive disassembly and assembly in narrow spaces, an axial expansion compensation structure (preferably a double-flange force transmission joint or a sleeve-type expansion joint) is integrated on one side of the detachable cylinder 1301. The replacement process is as follows: the operator loosens the limiting nut of the expansion structure and compresses the expansion joint axially with bolts (the retraction amount is about 15-20mm), thereby eliminating the sealing pre-tightening force between the flange faces and making room for disassembly. Then, the old module can be moved out radially and replaced with the new module. Finally, the expansion joint is tightened in the opposite direction to tighten the flange to achieve a seal. The entire process does not require moving the heavy rigid vertical pipe 301, which greatly reduces the difficulty of maintenance.

[0091] A bypass on / off valve 12 (preferably a wear-resistant full-bore on / off valve, but may be a knife gate valve or a pinch valve, but not limited thereto) is installed on the bypass fluid conduit. The bypass on / off valve 12 remains closed during normal steady-state operation. It is opened / closed when concentration redistribution adjustment is required or when the bypass regulating bridge 302 needs to be repaired or replaced to achieve bypass on / off and isolation. The bypass on / off valve 12 is not used to adjust the bypass ratio by half-open throttling. The bypass ratio is determined by the specifications of the throttling element 1302 of the replaceable flow limiting module 13.

[0092] Working principle and usage process of this invention:

[0093] (1) Startup initialization and fluid filling setup:

[0094] After the staged thickening unit 16 is started, the two underflow slurries enter the corresponding flexible conductive components 2, and then enter the two rigid vertical pipes 301. Since the throttling constriction component 8 is located below the bypass regulating bridge 302, the underflow forms back pressure in the vertical pipe, causing the inner cavity of the rigid vertical pipe 301 and the bypass regulating bridge 302 to be quickly filled with slurry and the entrained air is discharged, thus transitioning from "jet / non-full pipe flow" to "full pipe flow" state, making the two rigid vertical pipes 301 and the bypass regulating bridge 302 form a stable communicating vessel; (bypass start criterion and parameter determination: when the attitude drive mechanism 4 tilts the rigid discharge component 3, the two bypass regulating bridges 302...) The centerline of the end forms a height difference Δh, which generates a static pressure difference ΔP≈ρ·g·Δh. For high-concentration tailings, whether the bypass is activated is affected not only by ΔP but also by the slurry yield stress and the bypass channel size. In engineering, the target inclination angle and flow restriction module specifications can be determined by the "static pressure difference - bypass flow rate" calibration method: open the bypass valve 12 at different inclination angles (or Δh), record the bypass flow rate and the changes in the concentration of the two underflows, and establish a calibration table of "Δh - bypass flow rate - split ratio". During subsequent adjustment, the flow split ratio can be repeatedly controlled by replacing the throttling element 1302 of the flow restriction module 13, while the bypass valve 12 is only used for on / off and isolation.

[0095] (2) Zero-position steady-state operation

[0096] During normal operation, the attitude drive mechanism 4 keeps the rigid discharge assembly 3 at a reference tilt angle (e.g., 0° or a set small tilt angle) and locks it; the bypass opening and closing valve 12 remains closed, and the two underflows are discharged downwards along their respective rigid vertical pipes 301 into the subsequent collection / settling unit (not shown). In this state, the bypass regulating bridge 302 exists only as a connecting configuration and does not cause lateral bypass (when the bypass opening and closing valve 12 is closed, the two rigid vertical pipes 301 discharge independently without interfering with each other; directional bypass occurs only when the bypass opening and closing valve 12 is open, driven by the tilt angle potential energy difference).

[0097] (3) Concentration redistribution adjustment (taking the part of the slurry that needs to be "given" on the left as an example)

[0098] When the detection or working condition determines that the concentration of the two products needs to be adjusted, the attitude drive mechanism 4 is first controlled to tilt and deflect the rigid discharge component 3 in the vertical plane: the rigid vertical pipe 301 on one side that needs to "give way" part of the slurry is raised and the other side is lowered, thereby establishing a static pressure difference at both ends of the bypass regulating bridge 302. Then the bypass opening and closing valve 12 is opened, and the slurry flows directionally from the high position side to the low position side through the bypass regulating bridge 302 under the drive of the static pressure difference. The bypass flow rate is preset and limited by the throttling element 1302 of the replaceable flow limiting module 13. After the target concentration / flow rate distribution is achieved, the bypass opening and closing valve 12 is closed, and the attitude drive mechanism 4 is locked at the tilt angle or returned to the reference tilt angle.

[0099] (4) Reverse adjustment

[0100] When reverse bypass is required, the control attitude drive mechanism 4 tilts the rigid discharge assembly 3 in the opposite direction, so that the height relationship between the two sides is reversed; repeating the above steps can realize directional bypass from the other side to the opposite side.

[0101] (5) Unblocking and maintenance / parts replacement:

[0102] When the bypass regulating bridge 302 or the rigid vertical pipe 301 shows signs of blockage such as abnormal flow rate drop or increased differential pressure, the bypass opening and closing valve 12 is closed first, and the dynamic sludge removal mode is switched: the control attitude drive mechanism 4 performs low-frequency reciprocating swing within the set angle range, so that the flexible conduction component 2 generates periodic expansion and contraction deformation, which, together with the inertial sloshing of the slurry in the pipe, forms a flushing and pumping effect on the sedimentation area; when it is necessary to replace the replaceable flow limiting module 13, the bypass opening and closing valve 12 is closed first and the pressure is released, and then the axial expansion and contraction compensation structure on the detachable cylinder 1301 is used to provide a retraction gap to complete the quick replacement reset.

Claims

1. A tailings classification, concentration, and blending device for mining, comprising a base (1) and at least two classification and concentration units (16), characterized in that: Each staged concentration unit (16) is equipped with a product concentration adjustment mechanism at the underflow end, the product concentration adjustment mechanism comprising: Two flexible conductive components (2) are respectively sealed and connected to the underflow ports of two staged concentration units (16), and have axial extension and multi-directional angle deflection degrees of freedom; A rigid discharge assembly (3) is rotatably mounted on a mounting base (15) fixedly installed on the base (1). The rigid discharge assembly (3) includes two rigid vertical pipes (301) respectively connected to the lower ends of two flexible conductive assemblies (2) and a bypass regulating bridge (302) connecting the two rigid vertical pipes (301). The bypass regulating bridge (302) includes a bypass fluid conduit. A bypass on / off valve (12) and a replaceable flow limiting module (13) are connected in series on the bypass fluid conduit. The bypass on / off valve (12) is used for bypass on / off. The replaceable flow limiting module (13) limits the bypass flow. A throttling and narrowing part (8) is provided in the inner cavity of the two rigid vertical pipes (301) and below the connection port of the bypass regulating bridge (302) to form a full-pipe static pressure field at both ends of the bypass regulating bridge (302). The attitude drive mechanism (4) is connected to the rigid discharge assembly (3) and drives it to tilt synchronously relative to the base (1) in the vertical plane, so that the two ends of the bypass adjustment bridge (302) generate a gravitational potential energy difference, thereby driving the fluid in the pipe to bypass through the bypass adjustment bridge (302) to adjust the discharge concentration and flow distribution of the products at the bottom of the two rigid vertical pipes (301).

2. The tailings grading, concentration, and blending device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible conductive component (2) includes an outer elastic corrugated sleeve and a scale-like suspended bushing located inside the elastic corrugated sleeve. The elastic bellows sleeve includes a bellows body (201), and an upper flange (202) and a lower flange (203) respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the bellows body (201). The scale-type suspension bushing is composed of several short conical wear-resistant guide tubes (204) stacked in series along the axial direction. There is a radial movement gap and an axial expansion and contraction overlap section between adjacent short conical wear-resistant guide tubes (204). The bottom outer edge of the upper-level short conical wear-resistant guide tube is provided with an outward flange (205), and the top inner edge of the lower-level short conical wear-resistant guide tube is provided with an inward rolled edge (206). The two form a mechanical interlocking structure, which is used to prevent the relative angle displacement when following the bending deformation of the bellows body (201) without falling off. The upper end of the scale-type suspension bushing is connected to the inner wall of the upper flange (202) through a connecting ring (5). The lower flange (203) is connected to the top flange of the rigid vertical pipe (301).

3. The tailings grading, concentration, and blending device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom end of the flexible conductive component (2) is provided with a spherical floating joint (207), and the inner wall of the lower flange (203) is provided with a rigid socket (6) that matches it. The outer wall of the spherical floating joint (207) is a spherical convex surface, and the inner wall of the rigid socket (6) is a spherical concave surface. The two are combined to form a spherical hinge structure. A back pressure water seal gap is provided between the convex surface and the concave surface of the sphere. The flexible conductive component (2) is provided with a water injection interface connected to the back pressure water seal gap, which is used to inject a clean fluid with a pressure higher than that of the fluid in the pipe into the gap to form a bearing lubricating water film and block tailings particles from entering.

4. The tailings grading, concentration, and blending device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The attitude drive mechanism (4) includes an inclined hydraulic cylinder (401), the bottom of which is hinged to the base (1) via a trunnion support (402), allowing the cylinder to rotate around the trunnion support (402) to adapt to the trajectory changes of the rigid discharge assembly (3). The piston rod head of the hydraulic cylinder (401) is connected to an elastic composite joint bearing (7), and the rigid discharge assembly (3) is connected to the piston rod head via the elastic composite joint bearing (7). The elastic composite spherical bearing (7) includes an inner steel sleeve (701), an outer steel sleeve (702), and a rubber vibration isolation layer (703) vulcanized between the two. It also includes a top support (704) and a pin (705) fixed on the rigid discharge assembly (3). The inner steel sleeve (701) is rotatably sleeved on the outer circumference of the pin (705), and the pin (705) is fixed in the top support (704).

5. The tailings grading, concentration, and blending device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid discharge assembly (3) is rotatably mounted on the mounting base (15) on the front of the base (1) via a flexible rotary support (9). The flexible rotary support (9) includes a mounting sleeve (901), a mounting base (902), a torsion rubber bushing (903), a fixed shaft (904), a positioning ring (905), and an auxiliary bushing (906). The fixed shaft (904) is horizontally cantilevered and fixed in the adapter hole opened in the mounting base (15). The inner hole of the torsion rubber bushing (903) and the outer wall of the fixed shaft (904) form a circumferential anti-rotation fit. The mounting sleeve (901) is tightly pressed into the torsion rubber bushing. The outer side of the mounting sleeve (903) is connected and fixed to the rigid discharge assembly (3) through the mounting base (902). The outer circumferential surface of the mounting sleeve (901) is provided with an adapter ring groove. The positioning ring (905) is fixed at the adapter hole of the mounting base (15) and embedded in the adapter ring groove. The auxiliary bushing (906) fills the gap between the positioning ring (905) and the adapter ring groove and is configured to limit the axial displacement of the mounting sleeve (901). The rigid discharge assembly (3) is configured to generate shear deformation by squeezing and torturing the rubber bushing (903) to adapt to the tilt deflection relative to the fixed shaft (904) and isolate high frequency vibration.

6. The tailings grading, concentration, and blending device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The attitude drive mechanism (4) also includes an eccentric excitation motor (10) that is rigidly fixed to the outer wall of the rigid discharge assembly (3) by bolts. The eccentric excitation motor (10) applies high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration to the rigid discharge assembly (3) while the rigid discharge assembly (3) maintains an inclined deflection attitude, so as to reduce the apparent viscosity of the high-concentration tailings in the pipe.

7. The tailings grading, concentration, and blending device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a control unit, which is connected to both the hydraulic cylinder (401) and the eccentric excitation motor (10), and is configured to perform the following control operations: When the device is in steady-state adjustment mode, the hydraulic cylinder (401) is controlled to maintain the position lock and the eccentric excitation motor (10) is controlled to start running; When the device is in dynamic dredging mode, the eccentric vibrating motor (10) is stopped and a control signal is sent to the hydraulic cylinder (401) to drive the rigid discharge assembly (3) to perform low-frequency reciprocating oscillation within a set angle range.

8. The tailings grading, concentration, and blending device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The throttling and constricting component (8) is a wear-resistant ceramic ring embedded inside the rigid vertical pipe (301). The inner diameter of the wear-resistant ceramic ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the rigid vertical pipe (301), and it is used to establish a full-pipe flow state inside the rigid vertical pipe (301).

9. The tailings grading, concentration, and blending device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The overlapping mating surface of the scale-type suspended bushing is provided with an elastic throttling lip (11), which opens slightly under the action of water injection pressure to allow clean fluid to seep out, and closes under the action of tailings pressure in the pipe to seal the flow channel.

10. The tailings grading, concentration, and blending device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bypass regulating bridge (302) adopts a structural bearing and fluid conduction separation design. In addition to the bypass fluid conduit, the bypass regulating bridge (302) also includes a parallel rigid bearing beam (14). The inner end of the rigid bearing beam (14) is connected to the mounting base (902), and the outer end is connected to the rigid vertical pipe (301), thereby transferring the gravity load of the rigid vertical pipe (301) to the flexible rotary support (9). The bypass fluid conduit is fixed on the mounting base (902) and extends in parallel with the rigid bearing beam (14). The replaceable flow limiting module (13) includes a detachable cylinder (1301) and a throttling element (1302) set inside the detachable cylinder (1301). The two ends of the detachable cylinder (1301) are provided with flange assemblies and configured to be sealed in the bypass fluid conduit. An axial expansion compensation structure is provided on one side to provide an axial retraction gap during disassembly.

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