Multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving quality and increasing yield of rice

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-element carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for rice quality improvement and yield increase, and relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and the multi-element carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10-20 parts of a multi-element carbon source, 40-50 parts of a compound fertilizer, and 1-1.5 parts of a vermiculite-loaded microbial agent. The vermiculite-loaded microbial agent is prepared from modified vermiculite-loaded nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria, so that the microbial strains can be slowly released and maintain the activity, and the activity of microbial flora can be durably promoted by combining a multi-element carbon source and a compound fertilizer; the flora activity promotes the release and absorption of multi-element carbon source nutrients, and the fertilizer efficiency of the microbial blended fertilizer is effectively prolonged, so that the rice quality improvement and yield increase are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer technology, specifically to a multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural production, fertilizers play a crucial role in improving crop yield and quality. However, in practice, traditional chemical fertilizers can cause soil degradation, eutrophication of water bodies, and environmental pollution, contradicting current environmental protection principles. Therefore, people have begun to explore fertilizers that are highly environmentally friendly, fertilizing, and effectively promote crop growth, such as organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers.

[0003] Organic fertilizers originate from organic materials such as plant and animal residues and urban organic waste. Through fermentation, these materials are transformed into a source of nutrients for plants, providing essential nutrients for crop growth and improving soil structure, organic matter content, and fertility. Microbial fertilizers utilize microorganisms with nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing, and potassium-solubilizing properties to promote plant growth. These microorganisms can convert nutrients in the soil that are difficult for plants to absorb into easily absorbed forms, thereby reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers used and enhancing environmental friendliness.

[0004] Previous studies have used organic carbon sources, chemical fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers) and microbial strains to prepare microbial fertilizers. However, when the microbial strains are directly added and come into contact with the soil, the acidity, alkalinity, and heavy metals in the soil can reduce the activity of the microbial strains.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a good carrier for microbial strains so that they can function stably, efficiently, and persistently, and provide new ideas for improving the quality and yield of rice, is worthy of our further exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a multi-element carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of multi-carbon source, 40-50 parts of compound fertilizer, and 1-1.5 parts of vermiculite-loaded microbial agent. The preparation method of the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice includes the following steps: mixing and stirring the multi-carbon source, compound fertilizer, and vermiculite-loaded microbial agent for 1-2 hours, granulating the mixture using a disc granulator at an inclination angle of 35°-45° and a rotation speed of 10-12 rpm, and then drying the mixture at 40-50℃ for 5-6 hours to obtain the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice.

[0008] Furthermore, the multiple carbon sources include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts crop straw, 30-40 parts animal manure, 5-10 parts soybean meal, 5-10 parts rapeseed cake, and 5-10 parts molasses; Furthermore, the preparation method of the multi-carbon source includes the following steps: crushing crop straw to 5-10cm, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20-30:1 with urea, and then mixing it with soybean meal, rapeseed cake, and molasses for 30-40 minutes to obtain a mixture; stacking the mixture and animal manure in sequence, controlling the thickness of the mixture layer to be 60-65cm and the thickness of the animal manure layer to be 40-45cm, with the total height of the stack not exceeding 1.5m; adding water accounting for 40-50% of the total amount of multi-carbon source raw materials; fermenting at 50-60℃, turning it over every 7 days, and fermenting for 35-42 days to obtain the multi-carbon source; Furthermore, the crop straw is one of peanut straw, wheat straw, or corn straw; Furthermore, animal feces are one of the following: cow dung, chicken dung, or sheep dung.

[0009] The vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent is prepared by the following steps: Step (1): After mixing and stirring the haloalkanes, amino-containing tertiary amine compounds and anhydrous ethanol, the mixture is heated and stirred in a protective gas to obtain product a; Step (2): Triphenylphosphine and halocarboxylic acid are added to anhydrous acetonitrile, stirred, heated and stirred again to obtain product b; Step (3): Add vermiculite powder to hydrochloric acid solution, heat and stir, wash with water, then place in sodium hydroxide solution, stir, wash with water, and dry to obtain pretreated vermiculite; mix pretreated vermiculite and solution containing product a, heat and stir, then add solution containing product b, continue stirring to obtain product c; Step (4): Mix the activated bacterial solutions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and growth-promoting bacteria, add glucose and urea to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; mix product c with the mixed bacterial solution, add phosphate buffer and stir, add glutaraldehyde, stir, filter, wash, and dry to obtain vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent.

[0010] The preparation method of the vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent includes the following specific steps: Step (1): Mix haloalkanes, amino-containing tertiary amine compounds, and anhydrous ethanol and stir for 15-20 min. Heat to 50-55℃ under a protective gas and stir for 3-4 h. Distill under reduced pressure to obtain product a. Furthermore, the ratio of haloalkanes, amino-containing tertiary amine compounds, and anhydrous ethanol is 10-13g: 5-6g: 35-40mL; Furthermore, the haloalkane is one of 1-chlorododecane, 1-chlorotetradecane, and 1-chlorohexadecane; Furthermore, the amino-containing tertiary amine compound is N,N-diethylethylenediamine or N,N-dimethylethylenediamine; In step (a), the halogen atom of the haloalkane reacts with the tertiary amine of the amino-containing tertiary amine compound to obtain a quaternary ammonium salt product containing an amino group and a long chain of alkane, namely product a; Step (2): Add triphenylphosphine and halocarboxylic acid to anhydrous acetonitrile, stir for 10-15 min, heat to 40-45℃, stir for 5-6 h, and distill under reduced pressure to obtain product b; Furthermore, the ratio of triphenylphosphine, halocarboxylic acid, and anhydrous acetonitrile is 14-15g: 5-7g: 45-50mL; Furthermore, the halocarboxylic acid is chloroacetic acid or bromoacetic acid; In step (ii), the lone pair of electrons on the phosphorus atom of triphenylphosphine attacks the α carbon of the halocarboxylic acid to give a quaternary phosphonium salt containing a carboxyl group, i.e., product b. Step (3): Add vermiculite powder to hydrochloric acid solution, stir at 75-80℃ for 1-1.5h, wash with water, then place in sodium hydroxide solution, stir for 1-2h, wash with water, and dry to obtain pretreated vermiculite; mix pretreated vermiculite and solution containing product a, heat to 50-60℃, stir and react for 3-4h, then add solution containing product b, continue stirring for 2.5-3h to obtain product c; Furthermore, the ratio of vermiculite powder, hydrochloric acid solution, and sodium hydroxide solution used is 1-1.2g: 20-25mL: 20-25mL; Furthermore, the concentrations of both the hydrochloric acid solution and the sodium hydroxide solution are 1-1.2 mol / L; Furthermore, the ratio of pretreated vermiculite, solution containing product a, and solution containing product b is 100-105 g : 0.8-1 mL : 1-1.4 mL; Furthermore, the solution containing product a is obtained by mixing and stirring product a and ethanol in a ratio of 18-20g: 90-100mL; Furthermore, the solution containing product b is obtained by mixing and stirring product b and ethanol at a ratio of 20-22g: 100-110mL; Furthermore, the volume fraction of ethanol is 95% in all cases; In step (3), vermiculite is first pretreated by intercalation modification with the quaternary ammonium salt in product a, so that it can be intercalated and modified with the quaternary phosphonium salt in product b to obtain modified vermiculite containing amino, long-chain alkane and carboxyl groups, i.e., product c. Step (4): Mix the activated bacterial solutions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and growth-promoting bacteria, add glucose and urea, and incubate at 28-32℃ in the dark for 3-5 days, stirring 1-2 times a day to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; mix product c with the mixed bacterial solution, add phosphate buffer (0.1M) and stir for 5-10 min, add glutaraldehyde, stir at 25-30℃ for 3-4 h, filter, wash, and dry at 40-50℃ for 5-5.5 h to obtain vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent; Furthermore, the ratio of activated nitrogen-fixing bacteria solution, activated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria solution, activated potassium-solubilizing bacteria solution, activated growth-promoting bacteria solution, glucose, and urea is 30-35 mL: 20-25 mL: 20-25 mL: 30-35 mL: 1-2 g: 0.1-0.2 g; Furthermore, the method for preparing the activated nitrogen-fixing bacteria solution is to mix nitrogen-fixing bacteria, brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a ratio of 1g:10-12mL:0.1-0.15g, and then incubate at 28-30℃ for 24-48h. Furthermore, the brown sugar water is prepared by mixing brown sugar, water, and phosphate buffer (0.1M) in a ratio of 8-10g:100mL:5-10mL, sterilizing at 121℃ for 10min, and then cooling. Furthermore, the preparation methods for activated bacterial solutions of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and growth-promoting bacteria only require replacing the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the preparation method of activated bacterial solutions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and growth-promoting bacteria, respectively. Furthermore, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria are *Azotobacter chrysophagus*; the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are *Bacillus mucilaginosus*; the potassium-solubilizing bacteria are *Bacillus mucilaginosus*; and the growth-promoting bacteria are *Bacillus subtilis*. Furthermore, the ratio of product c, mixed bacterial culture, phosphate buffer (0.1M), and glutaraldehyde is 1g: 2-3mL: 0.2-0.4mL: 10-15mg; In step (iv), vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent is obtained by cross-linking glutaraldehyde with product c and amino groups in microbial strains (nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and growth-promoting bacteria).

[0011] This invention discloses a multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield, prepared from raw materials including multi-carbon sources, compound fertilizer, and vermiculite-loaded microbial agents. It has the following beneficial effects: The vermiculite-loaded microbial agent used in this invention is prepared by reacting haloalkanes with amino-containing tertiary amine compounds to obtain a quaternary ammonium salt product (product a), and then reacting triphenylphosphine with halocarboxylic acids to obtain a quaternary phosphonium salt product (product b). The vermiculite is first pretreated with the quaternary ammonium salt in product a to facilitate further intercalation modification with the quaternary phosphonium salt in product b, thus obtaining modified vermiculite. Finally, the modified vermiculite is loaded with microbial strains (nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and growth-promoting bacteria) to prepare the product.

[0012] In the preparation process of the vermiculite-loaded microbial agent of this invention, the microbial strain is firmly loaded into the modified vermiculite through the cross-linking effect of glutaraldehyde with the amino groups introduced by product a in the modified vermiculite and the amino groups in the microbial strain, and through the affinity between the long alkane chains introduced by product a in the modified vermiculite and the microbial membrane. When the blended fertilizer comes into contact with the soil, the carboxyl groups introduced by product b in the modified vermiculite form stable complexes with heavy metals in the soil, avoiding the inactivation of microbial strains due to heavy metals, providing a good protective carrier for the microbial strains, which is conducive to the slow release of nutrients by the microbial strains. Through the activity of the microbial community, the release and absorption of multiple carbon sources of nutrients are promoted, thereby ensuring the activity of the microbial strains, improving fertilizer efficiency, and improving the quality and yield of rice. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] Example 1 A vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: Step (1): Mix 1-chlorododecane, N,N-diethylethylenediamine and anhydrous ethanol and stir for 15 min. Heat to 50°C in nitrogen and stir for 3 h. Distill under reduced pressure at 35°C to obtain product a. The ratio of 1-chlorododecane, N,N-diethylethylenediamine and anhydrous ethanol is 10 g: 5 g: 35 mL. Step (2): Add triphenylphosphine and chloroacetic acid to anhydrous acetonitrile, stir for 10 min, heat to 40℃, stir and react for 5 h, and distill under reduced pressure at 40℃ to obtain product b; the ratio of triphenylphosphine, chloroacetic acid and anhydrous acetonitrile is 14 g: 5 g: 45 mL; Step (3): Add vermiculite powder (supplier: Aladdin, item number V302378) to hydrochloric acid solution, stir at 75°C for 1 hour, wash three times with water, then place in sodium hydroxide solution, stir for 1 hour, wash three times with water, and dry at 80°C for 6 hours to obtain pretreated vermiculite; mix the pretreated vermiculite and the solution containing product a, heat to 50°C, stir and react for 3 hours, then add the solution containing product b, and continue stirring for 2.5 hours to obtain product c; The ratio of vermiculite powder, hydrochloric acid solution, and sodium hydroxide solution was 1g:20mL:20mL; the concentrations of both hydrochloric acid solution and sodium hydroxide solution were 1mol / L; the ratio of pretreated vermiculite, solution containing product a, and solution containing product b was 100g:0.8mL:1mL; the solution containing product a was obtained by mixing product a and ethanol at a ratio of 18g:90mL; the solution containing product b was obtained by mixing product b and ethanol at a ratio of 20g:100mL; the volume fraction of ethanol in both solutions was 95%. Step (4): Mix the activated bacterial solutions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and growth-promoting bacteria, add glucose and urea, and incubate at 28°C in the dark for 3 days, stirring once a day to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; mix product c with the mixed bacterial solution, add phosphate buffer (0.1M) and stir for 5 min, add glutaraldehyde, stir at 25°C for 3 h, filter, wash three times with water, and dry at 40°C for 5 h to obtain vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent; The ratio of activated nitrogen-fixing bacteria solution, activated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria solution, activated potassium-solubilizing bacteria solution, activated growth-promoting bacteria solution, glucose, and urea is 30mL:20mL:20mL:30mL:1g:0.1g. The activated nitrogen-fixing bacteria solution is obtained by mixing *Azotobacter chrysophagus* (supplier: Nanjing Celte Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg / bag), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a ratio of 1g:10mL:0.1g, and then culturing at 28℃ for 24 hours. The activated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria solution is obtained by mixing *Bacillus chrysophagus* (supplier: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a ratio of 1g:10mL:0.1g. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a ratio of 1g:10mL:0.1g and culturing at 28℃ for 24 hours; the activated bacterial solution of potassium-solubilizing bacteria was prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis (supplier: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a ratio of 1g:10mL:0.1g and culturing at 28℃ for 24 hours; the activated bacterial solution of growth-promoting bacteria was prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis (supplier: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a ratio of 1g:10mL:0.1g and culturing at 28℃ for 24 hours. Brown sugar water is prepared by mixing brown sugar, water, and phosphate buffer (0.1M) in a ratio of 8g:100mL:5mL, sterilizing at 121℃ for 10min, and then cooling. The ratio of product c, mixed bacterial solution, phosphate buffer (0.1M), and glutaraldehyde is 1g:2mL:0.2mL:10mg.

[0015] Example 2 A vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: Step (1): Mix 1-chlorotetradecane, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, and anhydrous ethanol and stir for 18 min. Heat to 53°C under nitrogen and stir for 3.5 h. Distill under reduced pressure at 35°C to obtain product a. The ratio of 1-chlorotetradecane, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, and anhydrous ethanol is 11.5 g: 5.5 g: 38 mL. Step (2): Triphenylphosphine and bromoacetic acid were added to anhydrous acetonitrile, stirred for 13 min, heated to 43 °C, stirred for 5.5 h, and then distilled under reduced pressure at 40 °C to obtain product b; the ratio of triphenylphosphine, bromoacetic acid, and anhydrous acetonitrile was 14.5 g: 6 g: 47 mL. Step (3): Add vermiculite powder (supplier: Aladdin, item number V302378) to hydrochloric acid solution, stir at 78℃ for 1.3h, wash with water three times, then place in sodium hydroxide solution, stir for 1.5h, wash with water three times, and dry at 80℃ for 6h to obtain pretreated vermiculite; mix the pretreated vermiculite and the solution containing product a, heat to 55℃, stir and react for 3.5h, then add the solution containing product b, and continue stirring for 2.8h to obtain product c; The volume ratio of vermiculite powder, hydrochloric acid solution, and sodium hydroxide solution was 1.1 g: 23 mL: 23 mL; the concentrations of both hydrochloric acid solution and sodium hydroxide solution were 1.1 mol / L; the volume ratio of pretreated vermiculite, solution containing product a, and solution containing product b was 103 g: 0.9 mL: 1.2 mL; the solution containing product a was obtained by mixing product a and ethanol at a ratio of 19 g: 95 mL; the solution containing product b was obtained by mixing product b and ethanol at a ratio of 21 g: 105 mL; the volume fraction of ethanol in both solutions was 95%. Step (4): Mix the activated bacterial solutions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and growth-promoting bacteria, add glucose and urea, and incubate at 30°C in the dark for 4 days, stirring twice a day to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; mix product c with the mixed bacterial solution, add phosphate buffer (0.1M) and stir for 8 min, add glutaraldehyde, stir at 28°C for 3.5 h, filter, wash three times with water, and dry at 45°C for 5.3 h to obtain vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent; The ratio of activated nitrogen-fixing bacteria solution, activated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria solution, activated potassium-solubilizing bacteria solution, activated growth-promoting bacteria solution, glucose, and urea is 33mL:23mL:23mL:33mL:1.5g:0.15g. The activated nitrogen-fixing bacteria solution is obtained by mixing *Azotobacter chrysophagus* (supplier: Nanjing Celte Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg / bag), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a ratio of 1g:11mL:0.13g and then culturing at 29℃ for 36 hours. The activated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria solution is obtained by mixing *Bacillus chrysophagus* (supplier: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg), brown sugar water, and... Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was prepared by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a ratio of 1g:11mL:0.13g and culturing it at 29℃ for 36 hours; the activated bacterial solution for potassium-solubilizing bacteria was prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis (supplier: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a ratio of 1g:11mL:0.13g and culturing it at 29℃ for 36 hours; the activated bacterial solution for growth-promoting bacteria was prepared by mixing Bacillus subtilis (supplier: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a ratio of 1g:11mL:0.13g and culturing it at 29℃ for 36 hours. Brown sugar water is prepared by mixing brown sugar, water, and phosphate buffer (0.1M) in a ratio of 9g:100mL:8mL, sterilizing at 121℃ for 10min, and then cooling. The ratio of product c, mixed bacterial solution, phosphate buffer (0.1M), and glutaraldehyde is 1g:2.5mL:0.3mL:13mg.

[0016] Example 3 A vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent, the preparation method of which includes the following steps: Step (1): Mix 1-chlorohexadecane, N,N-diethylethylenediamine and anhydrous ethanol and stir for 20 min. Heat to 55 °C in nitrogen and stir for 4 h. Distill under reduced pressure at 35 °C to obtain product a. The ratio of 1-chlorohexadecane, N,N-diethylethylenediamine and anhydrous ethanol is 13 g: 6 g: 40 mL. Step (2): Add triphenylphosphine and chloroacetic acid to anhydrous acetonitrile, stir for 15 min, heat to 45℃, stir and react for 6 h, and distill under reduced pressure at 40℃ to obtain product b; the ratio of triphenylphosphine, chloroacetic acid and anhydrous acetonitrile is 15 g: 7 g: 50 mL; Step (3): Add vermiculite powder (supplier: Aladdin, item number V302378) to hydrochloric acid solution, stir at 80℃ for 1.5h, wash with water three times, then place in sodium hydroxide solution, stir for 2h, wash with water three times, and dry at 80℃ for 6h to obtain pretreated vermiculite; mix the pretreated vermiculite and the solution containing product a, heat to 60℃, stir and react for 4h, then add the solution containing product b, and continue stirring for 3h to obtain product c; The ratio of vermiculite powder, hydrochloric acid solution, and sodium hydroxide solution was 1.2 g: 25 mL: 25 mL; the concentrations of both hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions were 1.2 mol / L; the ratio of pretreated vermiculite, solution containing product a, and solution containing product b was 105 g: 1 mL: 1.4 mL; the solution containing product a was obtained by mixing product a and ethanol at a ratio of 20 g: 100 mL; the solution containing product b was obtained by mixing product b and ethanol at a ratio of 22 g: 110 mL; the volume fraction of ethanol in both solutions was 95%. Step (4): Mix the activated bacterial solutions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and growth-promoting bacteria, add glucose and urea, and incubate at 32°C in the dark for 5 days, stirring twice a day to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; mix product c with the mixed bacterial solution, add phosphate buffer (0.1M) and stir for 10 min, add glutaraldehyde, stir at 30°C for 4 h, filter, wash three times with water, and dry at 50°C for 5.5 h to obtain vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent; The ratio of activated nitrogen-fixing bacteria solution, activated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria solution, activated potassium-solubilizing bacteria solution, activated growth-promoting bacteria solution, glucose, and urea is 35mL:25mL:25mL:35mL:2g:0.2g. The activated nitrogen-fixing bacteria solution is obtained by mixing *Azotobacter chrysophagus* (supplier: Nanjing Celte Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg / bag), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a ratio of 1g:12mL:0.15g and then culturing at 30℃ for 48 hours. The activated phosphate-solubilizing bacteria solution is obtained by mixing *Bacillus spp.* (supplier: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate... Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was obtained by mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a ratio of 1g:12mL:0.15g and culturing it at 30℃ for 48h; the activated bacterial solution of potassium-solubilizing bacteria was obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis (supplier: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a ratio of 1g:12mL:0.15g and culturing it at 30℃ for 48h; the activated bacterial solution of growth-promoting bacteria was obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis (supplier: Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., specification 1kg), brown sugar water, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a ratio of 1g:12mL:0.15g and culturing it at 30℃ for 48h. Brown sugar water is prepared by mixing brown sugar, water, and phosphate buffer (0.1M) in a ratio of 10g:100mL:10mL, sterilizing at 121℃ for 10min, and then cooling. The ratio of product c, mixed bacterial solution, phosphate buffer (0.1M), and glutaraldehyde is 1g:3mL:0.4mL:15mg.

[0017] Example 4 A multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of multi-carbon source, 40 parts of compound fertilizer (supplier: Guangxi Zhuangfangyuan Fertilizer Sales Co., Ltd., model 25CL15-5-5), and 1 part of vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent obtained in Example 1. The multi-carbon source includes the following raw materials by weight: 40 parts peanut straw (supplier: Henan Mingjie Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., 50kg), 30 parts cow dung (supplier: Hebei Juntian Biotechnology Co., Ltd., effective ingredient content 45%), 5 parts soybean meal (supplier: Lushui (Jinan) Chemical Co., Ltd., 50kg), 5 parts rapeseed cake (supplier: Hebei Mowei Mineral Products Trading Co., Ltd., purity: 90%), and 5 parts molasses (supplier: Jinan Changyingda Chemical Co., Ltd., effective ingredient content 40%). The preparation method of the multi-carbon source includes the following steps: Peanut straw is crushed to 5cm, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 20:1 with urea, and then mixed with soybean meal, rapeseed cake and molasses for 30 minutes to obtain a mixture; the mixture and cow manure are piled up in sequence, with the thickness of the mixture layer controlled to be 60cm and the thickness of the cow manure layer to be 40cm, and the total height of the pile not exceeding 1.5m; water accounting for 40% of the total amount of multi-carbon source raw materials is added, and fermentation is carried out at 50℃, turning it over every 7 days, and fermentation is carried out for 35 days to obtain the multi-carbon source; The preparation method of the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice includes the following steps: mixing and stirring the multi-carbon source, compound fertilizer, and vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent obtained in Example 1 for 1 hour, granulating the mixture using a disc granulator at an inclination angle of 35° and a rotation speed of 10 rpm, and then drying it at 40°C for 5 hours to obtain the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice.

[0018] Example 5 A multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of multi-carbon source, 45 parts of compound fertilizer (supplier: Guangxi Zhuangfangyuan Fertilizer Sales Co., Ltd., model 25CL15-5-5), and 1.3 parts of vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent obtained in Example 2. The multi-carbon source includes the following raw materials by weight: 45 parts wheat straw (supplier: Zhengyang County Zhuoguangyin Straw Processing Plant, 50kg), 35 parts chicken manure (supplier: Shijiazhuang Wofuwo Fertilizer Co., Ltd., effective ingredient content 40%), 8 parts soybean meal (supplier: Lushui (Jinan) Chemical Co., Ltd., 50kg), 8 parts rapeseed cake (supplier: Hebei Mowei Mineral Products Trading Co., Ltd., purity: 90%), and 8 parts molasses (supplier: Jinan Changyingda Chemical Co., Ltd., effective ingredient content 40%). The preparation method of the multi-carbon source includes the following steps: wheat straw is crushed to 8cm, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 25:1 with urea, and then mixed with soybean meal, rapeseed cake and molasses for 35 minutes to obtain a mixture; the mixture and chicken manure are piled up in sequence, with the thickness of the mixture layer controlled at 63cm and the thickness of the chicken manure layer at 43cm, and the total height of the pile not exceeding 1.5m; water accounting for 45% of the total amount of multi-carbon source raw materials is added, and fermentation is carried out at 55℃, turning it over every 7 days, and fermentation is carried out for 40 days to obtain the multi-carbon source; The preparation method of the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice includes the following steps: mixing and stirring the multi-carbon source, compound fertilizer, and vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent obtained in Example 2 for 1.5 hours, granulating the mixture using a disc granulator at an inclination angle of 40° and a rotation speed of 11 rpm, and then drying it at 45°C for 5.5 hours to obtain the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice.

[0019] Example 6 A multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of multi-carbon source, 50 parts of compound fertilizer (supplier: Guangxi Zhuangfangyuan Fertilizer Sales Co., Ltd., model 25CL15-5-5), and 1.5 parts of vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent obtained in Example 3. The multi-carbon source includes the following raw materials by weight: 50 parts corn stalks (supplier: Yide Family Farm, Lingshou County, 30kg), 40 parts sheep manure (supplier: Hebei Wolmei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 45% organic matter), 10 parts soybean meal (supplier: Lvshui (Jinan) Chemical Co., Ltd., 50kg), 10 parts rapeseed cake (supplier: Hebei Mowei Mineral Products Trading Co., Ltd., purity: 90%), and 10 parts molasses (supplier: Jinan Changyingda Chemical Co., Ltd., 40% effective ingredient content). The preparation method of the multi-carbon source includes the following steps: crush corn stalks to 10cm, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 30:1 with urea, and then mix with soybean meal, rapeseed cake, and molasses for 40 minutes to obtain a mixture; pile the mixture and sheep manure in sequence, controlling the thickness of the mixture layer to be 65cm and the thickness of the sheep manure layer to be 45cm, with the total height of the pile not exceeding 1.5m; add water accounting for 50% of the total amount of multi-carbon source raw materials, ferment at 60℃, turn over every 7 days, and ferment for 42 days to obtain the multi-carbon source; The preparation method of the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice includes the following steps: mixing and stirring the multi-carbon source, compound fertilizer, and vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent obtained in Example 3 for 2 hours, granulating the mixture using a disc granulator at an inclination angle of 45° and a rotation speed of 12 rpm, and then drying it at 50°C for 6 hours to obtain the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving the quality and yield of rice.

[0020] Comparative Example 1 Compared with Example 6, the order of adding the solution containing product a and the solution containing product b in the preparation process of vermiculite-loaded microbial agent was adjusted to obtain product c-1. Product c-1 was used to replace product c, and the rest was completely the same as in Example 6, to obtain a multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer. Preparation method of product c-1: pretreated vermiculite and solution containing product b are mixed, heated to 60℃, stirred for 4h, and then solution containing product a is added, and stirring is continued for 3h to obtain product c-1; the ratio of the amount of pretreated vermiculite, solution containing product b and solution containing product a is 105g:1.4mL:1mL.

[0021] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 6, the N,N-diethylethylenediamine used in the preparation process of vermiculite-loaded microbial agent was replaced with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, and the rest was completely the same as in Example 6, to obtain a multi-element carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer.

[0022] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 6, the chloroacetic acid used in the preparation process of vermiculite-loaded microbial agent was replaced with 3-chloro-1-propanol, and the rest was exactly the same as in Example 6, to obtain a multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer.

[0023] The following is a further effect test on the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer prepared by the present invention for improving the quality and yield of rice. The test results are shown below.

[0024] In Xianfeng Village, Zhujiajiao Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai, rice (variety: Songxiangjing 1018) was used as the experimental crop. Field cultivation was used as the cultivation mode. Machine sowing and a sowing rate of 4 kg / mu were used as the sowing method. Green and yellow mud was used as the experimental soil. The mixed fertilizers obtained in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 of this invention were used as the applied fertilizers. The fertilizer application rate was 50 kg / mu. The fertilizer was applied after plowing on June 5 and was applied once. Before harvest on October 30, select 4 points diagonally on each test area, each 1m apart. 2 Record the number of effective panicles within the quadrat, randomly select 50 panicles to examine the number of filled grains and the weight of 1000 grains, calculate the theoretical yield, and convert it to yield per hectare. Theoretical yield (kg / hectare) = (number of effective panicles / m²) 2 (×Number of grains per ear × Weight of 1000 grains) × 10000 / 10 6 ×85%.

[0025] The results are recorded in Table 1; Table 1: Test Results

[0026] According to the data in Table 1, the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer prepared by this invention has a good effect on improving the quality and increasing the yield of rice.

[0027] Comparing Example 6 with Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that by adjusting the order of adding the solution containing product a and the solution containing product b during the preparation of the vermiculite-loaded microbial agent, product c-1 was obtained. Replacing product c with product c-1 indicates that the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer prepared by product c in this invention has a better effect on improving the quality and yield of rice.

[0028] A comparison of Example 6 and Comparative Example 2 shows that replacing N,N-diethylethylenediamine in the preparation process of the vermiculite-loaded microbial agent with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine indicates that the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer prepared by N,N-diethylethylenediamine used in this invention has a better effect on improving the quality and yield of rice.

[0029] A comparison of Example 6 and Comparative Example 3 shows that replacing chloroacetic acid in the preparation process of vermiculite-loaded microbial agent with 3-chloro-1-propanol indicates that the multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer prepared by chloroacetic acid used in this invention has a better effect on improving the quality and yield of rice.

[0030] The above description is merely an example and illustration of the concept of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined in the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 10-20 parts of multi-element carbon source, 40-50 parts of compound fertilizer, and 1-1.5 parts of vermiculite-loaded microbial agent.

2. The multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-source carbon source includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts crop straw, 30-40 parts animal manure, 5-10 parts soybean meal, 5-10 parts rapeseed cake, and 5-10 parts molasses.

3. The multi-element carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent is prepared by the following steps: Step (1): After mixing and stirring the haloalkanes, amino-containing tertiary amine compounds and anhydrous ethanol, the mixture is heated and stirred in a protective gas to obtain product a; Step (2): Triphenylphosphine and halocarboxylic acid are added to anhydrous acetonitrile, stirred, heated and stirred again to obtain product b; Step (3): Add vermiculite powder to hydrochloric acid solution, heat and stir, wash with water, then place in sodium hydroxide solution, stir, wash with water, and dry to obtain pretreated vermiculite; Pretreated vermiculite and a solution containing product a are mixed, heated and stirred, and then a solution containing product b is added. Stirring is continued to obtain product c. Step (4): Mix the activated bacterial solutions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and growth-promoting bacteria, add glucose and urea to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; mix product c with the mixed bacterial solution, add phosphate buffer and stir, add glutaraldehyde, stir, filter, wash, and dry to obtain vermiculite-loaded bacterial agent.

4. The multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (i), the ratio of the amount of haloalkanes, amino-containing tertiary amine compounds, and anhydrous ethanol is 10-13g: 5-6g: 35-40mL.

5. A multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (ii), the ratio of triphenylphosphine, halocarboxylic acid, and anhydrous acetonitrile is 14-15g: 5-7g: 45-50mL.

6. A multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (iii), the ratio of vermiculite powder, hydrochloric acid solution, and sodium hydroxide solution is 1-1.2g: 20-25mL: 20-25mL.

7. A multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (iii), the ratio of the pretreated vermiculite, the solution containing product a, and the solution containing product b is 100-105 g: 0.8-1mL: 1-1.4mL.

8. A multi-element carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (iii), the solution containing product a is obtained by mixing and stirring product a and ethanol at a ratio of 18-20g: 90-100mL; the solution containing product b is obtained by mixing and stirring product b and ethanol at a ratio of 20-22g: 100-110mL.

9. A multi-element carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (iv), the ratio of the amount of nitrogen-fixing bacteria activated bacterial solution, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria activated bacterial solution, potassium-solubilizing bacteria activated bacterial solution, growth-promoting bacteria activated bacterial solution, glucose, and urea is 30-35mL: 20-25mL: 20-25mL: 30-35mL: 1-2g: 0.1-0.2g.

10. A multi-carbon-based microbial blended fertilizer for improving rice quality and yield according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (iv), the ratio of product c, mixed bacterial solution, phosphate buffer, and glutaraldehyde is 1g: 2-3mL: 0.2-0.4mL: 10-15mg.

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