System for increasing water discharge temperature of reservoir and treating hydro-fluctuation belt

Abstract

The invention discloses a system for increasing the water discharge temperature of a reservoir and treating a hydro-fluctuation belt, which comprises a hydro-fluctuation belt treatment device, a compressor, a turbine expansion unit, a generator, a heat exchanger, a heat storage tank, gas storage equipment and a first valve, the compressor is positioned on the bank side of the reservoir, and the heat exchanger, the heat storage tank, the gas storage equipment and the first valve are arranged at the bottom of the water area of the reservoir. The heat exchanger is arranged on the heat storage tank, a compression side outlet of the heat exchanger communicates with the gas storage equipment, the gas storage equipment communicates with an inlet of the first valve, a first outlet of the first valve communicates with an expansion side inlet of the heat exchanger, and an expansion side outlet of the heat exchanger communicates with an inlet of the turbine expansion unit; in the hydro-fluctuation belt treatment device, a detachable cofferdam is used for being installed on the adjacent water side of a hydro-fluctuation belt, a first port of a first connecting pipe is communicated with an outlet of a turbine expansion unit, a second port of the first connecting pipe is communicated with an aeration needle, and a first port of a second connecting pipe is communicated with a second outlet of a first valve. And a second port of the second connecting pipe is communicated with the aeration needle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of reservoir auxiliary facility design and environmental protection technology, and in particular to a system for increasing the discharge temperature of reservoirs and controlling the drawdown zone. Background Technology

[0002] The construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects can alter the ecological environment of rivers. Once dams are built and reservoirs are formed, not only will the original spawning grounds, feeding grounds, and overwintering grounds of fish be submerged, but the migration behavior of fish upstream and downstream will also be hindered, negatively impacting fish resources and diversity, and ultimately seriously threatening their reproductive capacity and survival. Simultaneously, it will also have adverse effects on downstream areas. Furthermore, after damming and reservoir formation, the water level in the reservoir will fluctuate frequently due to the needs of water conservancy and hydropower project scheduling, as well as rainfall or the inflow from upstream rivers, ultimately leading to seasonal and periodic submersion and exposure of the reservoir's banks. This frequently submerged and exposed bank area is what we commonly refer to as the drawdown zone, a ring around the perimeter of the water body that is the intersection of wetland and terrestrial ecosystems, requiring comprehensive management to maintain its ecological function.

[0003] Current technologies typically involve planting suitable vegetation in drawdown zones to maintain their ecosystem. However, these plants are repeatedly submerged and exposed, resulting in low survival rates. Consequently, repeated replanting and maintenance are necessary, leading to long management cycles and continuous investment. Therefore, current technologies for managing drawdown zones are time-consuming and costly, clearly posing significant challenges to their ecological restoration.

[0004] At the same time, after a dam is built to form a reservoir, the water in the reservoir exhibits a vertical temperature stratification phenomenon. Specifically, the water temperature in the upper layer of the reservoir is higher than that in the lower layer, and the water temperature at the bottom of the reservoir is the lowest. As a result, the temperature of the water discharged from the reservoir (since the water conservancy and hydropower project draws water from the bottom of the reservoir, the water discharged from the reservoir is the water from the lower layer of the reservoir) is lower than that of the natural river channel. This, in turn, affects downstream agricultural production, fish resources (for example, it leads to a delay in the breeding season of fish downstream and a decrease in the scale of breeding), and the aquatic ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention discloses a system for increasing the discharge temperature of a reservoir and managing the drawdown zone, in order to solve the problems of the drawdown zone around the reservoir being difficult to manage and the low discharge temperature of the reservoir as described in the background art. To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides the following technical solution: A system for increasing the discharge temperature of a reservoir and controlling the drawdown zone includes a compressor, a turbine expander, and a generator located on the bank of the reservoir; a drawdown zone control device located at least partially on the bank; and a heat exchanger, a heat storage tank, a gas storage device, and a first valve located at the bottom of the water area of ​​the reservoir, wherein: The compressor is connected to the compression side inlet of the heat exchanger to deliver the compressed high-temperature, high-pressure air to the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is located on the heat storage tank, and the high-temperature, high-pressure air in the heat exchanger exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank to form ambient temperature, high-pressure air. The compression side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the gas storage device. The gas storage device is connected to the inlet of the first valve. The first outlet of the first valve is connected to the expansion side inlet of the heat exchanger. The expansion side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the turbine expansion unit. The turbine expansion unit is connected to the generator. The heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank is used to exchange heat with the water at the bottom of the water area and to heat the ambient temperature high-pressure air entering the expansion side inlet; the drawdown zone management device includes a detachable cofferdam, aeration needles, and a first connecting pipe located on the bank, and a second connecting pipe extending from the bottom of the water area to the bank. The detachable cofferdam is installed on the water-adjacent side of the drawdown zone to prevent water from the reservoir from entering the drawdown zone. The first port of the first connecting pipe is connected to the outlet of the turbine expansion unit, the second port of the first connecting pipe is connected to the aeration needle, the first port of the second connecting pipe is connected to the second outlet of the first valve, and the second port of the second connecting pipe is connected to the aeration needle.

[0006] Optionally, in the above-mentioned system for increasing the temperature of reservoir discharge and managing the drawdown zone, the drawdown zone management device further includes a first water supply pipe and a water and fertilizer controller. The first end of the first water supply pipe is connected to the water area opposite to the drawdown zone of the detachable cofferdam, and the second end of the first water supply pipe extends into the drawdown zone and is connected to the aeration needle for supplying a first preset amount of vegetation growth water to the drawdown zone. The water and fertilizer controller is located on the first water supply pipe for supplying a second preset amount of fertilizer to the vegetation growth water supplied by the first water supply pipe.

[0007] Optionally, in the above-mentioned system for increasing the reservoir discharge temperature and controlling the drawdown zone, the second port of the first connecting pipe is connected to the first water supply pipe, so as to indirectly connect with the aeration needle through the first water supply pipe. The connection between the first connecting pipe and the first water supply pipe is located between the water and fertilizer controller and the second end of the first water supply pipe.

[0008] Optionally, in the above-mentioned system for increasing the discharge temperature of the reservoir and controlling the drawdown zone, the drawdown zone control device further includes a buffer chamber, and the second port of the second connecting pipe is connected to the aeration needle through the buffer chamber.

[0009] Optionally, in the above-mentioned system for increasing the discharge temperature of the reservoir and controlling the drawdown zone, the drawdown zone control device further includes a pneumatic water pump, the detachable cofferdam is a water-filled cofferdam, the pneumatic water pump is connected to the second connecting pipe, the inlet pipe of the pneumatic water pump is connected to the water area of ​​the detachable cofferdam facing away from the drawdown zone, and the outlet pipe of the pneumatic water pump extends into the water-filling chamber of the detachable cofferdam.

[0010] Optionally, in the above-mentioned system for increasing the temperature of the reservoir discharge and controlling the drawdown zone, the system further includes a heating device, wherein the medium outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the medium inlet of the heating device, and the medium inlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the medium outlet of the heating device; the heating device is located at the bottom of the water area and upstream of the reservoir discharge outlet.

[0011] Optionally, in the above-mentioned system for increasing the temperature of the reservoir discharge and controlling the drawdown zone, the system further includes an aeration device. The aeration device is located at the bottom of the water area and upstream of the reservoir's discharge outlet. The third outlet of the first valve is connected to the aeration device to enable the aeration device to perform underwater aeration.

[0012] Optionally, in the above-mentioned system for increasing the temperature of reservoir discharge and controlling the drawdown zone, the aeration equipment includes aeration chambers and multiple aeration plates, all located at the bottom of the water area. The air inlet of the aeration chamber is connected to the third outlet of the first valve. The multiple aeration plates are rotatably located at the air outlet of the aeration chamber. Each of the multiple aeration plates has aeration holes, and the diameters of the aeration holes on the multiple aeration plates are not all equal.

[0013] Optionally, in the above-mentioned system for increasing the reservoir discharge temperature and controlling the drawdown zone, there are multiple gas storage devices. The system for increasing the reservoir discharge temperature and controlling the drawdown zone also includes a third valve. The inlet of the third valve is connected to the outlet on the compression side, and there are multiple outlets of the third valve, each corresponding to one of the multiple gas storage devices.

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned system for increasing the reservoir discharge temperature and controlling the drawdown zone, the system further includes a third connecting pipe and a second valve. The inlet of the third valve is connected to the outlet of the turbine expansion unit, the first outlet of the third valve is connected to the first port of the first connecting pipe, the second outlet of the third valve is connected to the inlet of the third connecting pipe, and the outlet of the third connecting pipe is connected to the reservoir's discharge channel.

[0015] The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zones disclosed in this invention has the following technical effects: The system for raising the discharge temperature of a reservoir and managing the drawdown zone disclosed in this invention employs a detachable cofferdam to block a section of the selected drawdown zone, preventing subsequent water level rises from submerging the vegetation in that section. Then, high-temperature, high-pressure air generated by a compressor enters a heat exchanger to heat the heat exchange medium in a storage tank. This raises the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the storage tank, allowing it to exchange heat with the water at the bottom of the water body to increase its temperature. Simultaneously, it further heats a portion of the ambient-temperature, high-pressure air entering the heat exchanger from the expansion side inlet, transforming it into sub-high-temperature, high-pressure air. This enables the subsequent expansion work of the turbine expansion unit and the slow delivery of atmospheric-pressure air generated by the turbine expansion unit into the soil of the drawdown zone via aeration needles, thereby increasing the soil's oxygen content. Meanwhile, another portion of the ambient-temperature, high-pressure air is delivered into the soil of the drawdown zone through aeration needles to break up soil compaction and loosen the soil. This method not only breaks up soil compaction and loosens the soil to improve soil oxygenation and increase plant survival rates, but also further enhances soil oxygenation by delivering air, which in turn improves plant survival rates. The detachable cofferdam prevents frequent flooding of vegetation in the area being treated within the drawdown zone, thus promoting vegetation survival and growth in that area. This eliminates the need for repeated replanting and maintenance by management personnel, reducing maintenance costs and time. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 and Figure 2 These are schematic diagrams of the system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zones disclosed in embodiments of the present invention from different perspectives. Figures 3 to 7 These are partial structural schematic diagrams of the system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zones disclosed in embodiments of the present invention.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10-Compressor, 20-Turbine Expansion Unit, 30-Generator, 40-Heat Exchanger, 50-Heat Storage Tank, 60-Gas Storage Equipment, 70-First Valve, 80-Heating Equipment, 90-Electric Motor, 100-Aeration Equipment, 101-Aeration Chamber, 102-Aeration Plate 110-Drawdown zone management device, 111-Demountable cofferdam, 112-Aeration needle, 113-First connecting pipe, 114-Second connecting pipe, 115-First water supply pipe, 116-Water and fertilizer controller, 117-Buffer chamber, 118-Pneumatic water pump, 119-Second valve, 120-Third connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] The technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] In a real-world scenario, a hydroelectric power station's dam is located on an S-shaped bend in a river within an asymmetrical U-shaped valley, thus impounding water to form a reservoir. The highest point of the dam is 300 meters, and the diversion flow rate is 1200 cubic meters per second. 3 The hydropower station has an installed capacity of 3600MW and its main structure consists of a concrete arch dam combined with an underground powerhouse. In this real-world scenario, the reservoir experiences severe low-temperature water discharge. At the highest point of the dam (300m), there is a clear temperature stratification, especially during June-September when the discharged water is at least 3°C ​​colder than the water in the natural river channel. This can negatively impact the reproduction of downstream fish, particularly drifting egg-laying species. Furthermore, this hydropower station may also need to regulate the operation of surrounding wind and solar power plants, presenting significant challenges in operation and scheduling. Using conventional sluice gates to mitigate the low-temperature discharge would result in the loss of potential energy from the water used for power generation, reducing power generation efficiency and hindering the hydropower project's ability to regulate electricity. Moreover, some hydropower stations lack the infrastructure for constructing retaining walls or impermeable walls, making it difficult to raise the discharge temperature using conventional methods. Additionally, the investment costs for facilities such as sluice gates, retaining walls, and impermeable walls are substantial.

[0021] Meanwhile, due to scheduling needs, the water level in reservoirs of water conservancy and hydropower projects fluctuates frequently, easily submerging vegetation in the drawdown zone. This makes it difficult for seedlings to survive, ultimately requiring frequent replanting by operators, prolonging the restoration cycle of the drawdown zone and increasing costs. In other conventional methods, operators excavate soil and rocks along the bank to enclose the drawdown zone and prevent it from being submerged. However, this not only causes soil erosion and ecological damage but also involves a large amount of excavation work, resulting in high costs and time-consuming processes.

[0022] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention disclose a system for increasing the discharge temperature of a reservoir and controlling the drawdown zone to at least solve one of the problems mentioned above. Please refer to [reference needed]. Figures 1 to 7 The disclosed system for raising the temperature of reservoir discharge and controlling the drawdown zone may include a compressor 10, a turbine expansion unit 20, a generator 30, a heat exchanger 40, a heat storage tank 50, a gas storage device 60, a first valve 70, and a drawdown zone control device 110.

[0023] The compressor 10, turbine expansion unit 20, and generator 30 are all located on the bank of the reservoir, for example, on a hillside. Specifically, to avoid the impact of water level changes in the reservoir on the operation of the compressor 10, turbine expansion unit 20, and generator 30, in one embodiment, the compressor 10, turbine expansion unit 20, and generator 30 can be fixed on the top of a hillside on the bank of the reservoir. The heat exchanger 40, heat storage tank 50, gas storage device 60, first valve 70, and heating device 80 (described later) are all located at the bottom of the reservoir; in other words, the heat exchanger 40, heat storage tank 50, gas storage device 60, first valve 70, and heating device 80 (described later) are located at the bottom of the reservoir below the water surface. At least a portion of the drawdown zone control device 110 is located on the bank.

[0024] Compressor 10 is used to compress and transport air. During this process, compressor 10 consumes electricity, converting electrical energy into the internal energy and potential energy of the air, thus transforming the air in the environment into high-temperature, high-pressure air after passing through compressor 10. In this embodiment of the invention, compressor 10 can be a centrifugal compressor or an axial-flow compressor; this embodiment does not limit the specific type of compressor 10. Specifically, the system for raising the discharge temperature of a reservoir and controlling the drawdown zone disclosed in this application may also include an electric motor 90, which is also located on the bank, or even on the top of a hillside on the bank. The electric motor 90 is connected to compressor 10, and after being powered on and started, it can drive compressor 10 to work, thereby achieving air compression. Specifically, electric motor 90 can be connected to at least one of a photovoltaic power station, wind power station, or power grid located on or near the reservoir bank, thereby obtaining power from at least one of these sources. For example, photovoltaic power stations and wind power stations can be the primary power sources, with power from the power grid as a supplement.

[0025] Heat exchanger 40 functions to exchange heat with heat storage tank 50. In this embodiment of the invention, heat exchanger 40 can be a tubular heat exchanger, having a compression-side inlet, a compression-side outlet, an expansion-side inlet, and an expansion-side outlet. The compression-side inlet and outlet are connected, as are the expansion-side inlet and outlet. A first heat exchange structure connects the compression-side inlet and outlet, and a second heat exchange structure connects the expansion-side inlet and outlet. The first heat exchange structure exchanges heat with heat storage tank 50 to increase the temperature of the heat exchange medium in heat storage tank 50, and the second heat exchange structure exchanges heat with heat storage tank 50 to increase the temperature of the air flowing in the second heat exchange structure (such as ambient temperature high-pressure air as described later). In this embodiment of the invention, the specific structure and heat exchange principle of heat exchanger 40 are well-known technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0026] The heat storage tank 50 contains a heat exchange medium (e.g., water). This heat exchange medium in the tank 50 exchanges heat with the water at the bottom of the water body, thereby increasing the temperature of the water at the bottom. The increased temperature of the heat exchange medium in the tank 50 allows it to heat at least the cooler water at the bottom of the water body (i.e., the lower layer of water in the reservoir as described in the background art). In this embodiment, the heat storage tank 50 can be an insulated tank (e.g., a stainless steel insulated tank), allowing it to avoid direct heat exchange with the water at the bottom (though minimal heat exchange is not considered). The increased temperature of the heat exchange medium in the tank 50 can then be used to exchange heat with the water at the bottom of the water body through the heating device 80 and the aeration device 100 described later, thus achieving the goal of raising the temperature of the water at the bottom of the water body.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, the compressor 10 draws in air through its inlet, and its outlet is connected to the compression-side inlet of the heat exchanger 40, so as to deliver the high-temperature, high-pressure air compressed by the compressor 10 to the heat exchanger 40 (i.e., into the compression side of the heat exchanger 40), thereby preparing for subsequent heat exchange operations in the heat exchanger 40. Since the heat exchanger 40 is located at the bottom of the reservoir, while the compressor 10 is located on the shore of the reservoir, to facilitate connection between the two, the outlet of the compressor 10 and the compression-side inlet of the heat exchanger 40 can be connected by a pressure-bearing, heat-insulating steel pipe to mitigate heat loss of the high-temperature, high-pressure air during transmission.

[0028] Heat exchanger 40 is mounted on heat storage tank 50, allowing high-temperature, high-pressure air in heat exchanger 40 to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium (e.g., water) in heat storage tank 50. After heat exchange, the high-temperature, high-pressure air cools down, becoming ambient-temperature, high-pressure air. During the heat exchange process, the heat exchange medium is heated by the high-temperature, high-pressure air. It should be noted that heat exchanger 40 is also designed to be insulated from the water in the heat storage tank. The heat exchange portion of heat exchanger 40 cooperates with the heat exchange portion of heat storage tank 50 to achieve heat exchange between them. For example, the thermal resistance coefficient of the heat exchange portion of heat exchanger 40 and the heat exchange portion in heat storage tank 50 is relatively small (i.e., smaller than the thermal resistance coefficient of the insulation region on heat exchanger 40 and heat storage tank 50), thus enabling the heat exchange portion between the compression-side inlet and compression-side outlet to cooperate with the corresponding heat exchange portion on heat storage tank 50 to achieve the purpose of heat exchange.

[0029] The compression-side outlet of heat exchanger 40 is connected to the gas storage device 60. The high-temperature, high-pressure air in heat exchanger 40 exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in heat storage tank 50 to form ambient-temperature, high-pressure air, which then enters the gas storage device 60 for temporary storage. Similarly, in an optional embodiment, the compression-side outlet of heat exchanger 40 and the gas storage device 60 can be connected via a pressure-bearing, insulated steel pipe. In this embodiment, the gas storage device 60 can be located below the dead storage water level, making it less likely to be exposed above the water surface and thus preventing external damage.

[0030] Since the gas storage device 60 functions as a temporary storage unit for ambient temperature high-pressure air, it does not require heat exchange with the water in the water area. Therefore, the gas storage device 60 can also be an insulated gas storage container to reduce heat loss from the ambient temperature high-pressure air. It should be explained that the purpose of the system for raising the reservoir discharge temperature and controlling the drawdown zone disclosed in this embodiment of the invention includes raising the reservoir discharge temperature, but raising the reservoir discharge temperature does not rely on heat exchanger 40, gas storage device 60, heat storage tank 50, or heat exchange between some connecting pipes in the water area and the water at the bottom of the water area. To achieve other objectives of the invention, some components (excluding the heating device 80 described later) need to be designed as insulated structures, meaning that the heat exchange between these components and the water in the water area is relatively small.

[0031] The gas storage device 60 is connected to the inlet of the first valve 70. The first outlet of the first valve 70 is connected to the expansion side inlet of the heat exchanger 40, and the expansion side outlet of the heat exchanger 40 is connected to the inlet of the turbine expansion unit 20. The turbine expansion unit 20 is connected to the generator 30. The ambient temperature high-pressure air in the gas storage device 60 enters the heat exchanger 40 again after passing through the first valve 70 (specifically, it enters the expansion side of the heat exchanger 40) and is heated again to form a secondary high temperature high pressure air. This secondary high temperature high pressure air enters the turbine expansion unit 20 and drives the turbine expansion unit 20 to run, thereby driving the generator 30 to generate electricity. The electrical energy generated by the generator 30 can be connected to power the electrical devices that may exist in the drawdown zone management device 110, or it can be connected to the grid for power generation.

[0032] It can be seen that the heat storage tank 50 is designed with an insulated structure, which enables the heat exchange medium heated by the heat exchanger 40 to have a high temperature, thereby heating the ambient temperature high pressure air that subsequently enters the expansion side of the heat exchanger 40, so that the sub-high temperature high pressure air formed after the ambient temperature high pressure air is heated has enough energy to drive the turbine expansion unit 20 to operate.

[0033] The drawdown zone management device 110 is used to manage the drawdown zone. It should be noted that the drawdown zone management device 110 described herein is used to manage the drawdown zone segment by segment; in other words, the drawdown zone management device 110 first manages one section of the drawdown zone, then manages another section until the entire drawdown zone is managed. In this embodiment of the invention, the drawdown zone management device 110 includes a detachable cofferdam 111, aeration needles 112, a first connecting pipe 113, and a second connecting pipe 114.

[0034] A detachable cofferdam 111, aeration needles 112, and a first connecting pipe 113 are installed on the bank of the reservoir. A second connecting pipe 114 can extend from the bottom of the water area to the bank. The detachable cofferdam 111 serves as a barrier to prevent the reservoir water level from rising and intruding into the drawdown zone (the area being treated). Specifically, the detachable cofferdam 111 is installed on the water-facing side of the drawdown zone (i.e., the lower edge of the drawdown zone) to prevent reservoir water from intruding into the drawdown zone (i.e., the area being treated). In this embodiment of the invention, the detachable cofferdam 111 can be removed after the treatment of a section of the drawdown zone is completed, and then used for the treatment of other areas of the drawdown zone. It should be noted that the detachable cofferdam 111 is installed after the water level in the reservoir is low, exposing the drawdown zone, thereby preventing subsequent rise in reservoir water level from intruding into the section of the drawdown zone protected by the detachable cofferdam 111.

[0035] In one embodiment, the detachable cofferdam 111 can be made of carbon fiber cloth or other plastic materials; the specific material of the detachable cofferdam 111 is not limited in this embodiment. To improve the stability of the detachable cofferdam 111, an installation foundation can be set on the water-facing side of the drawdown zone. The detachable cofferdam 111 can be fixed to the installation foundation by a detachable connection method (such as anchoring, binding, etc.), thereby facilitating stable water blocking. Since the detachable cofferdam 111 is a water-filled structure, it can adapt to the shape of the installation foundation or the terrain of the water-facing side of the drawdown zone, thereby improving the fit with the installation foundation or the terrain of the water-facing side of the drawdown zone, and thus achieving a better water blocking effect.

[0036] In other embodiments, the top of the detachable cofferdam 111 can be connected to the bank of the reservoir via anchor cables and anchor bolts to stabilize the position of the detachable cofferdam 111 and prevent it from overturning. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention do not limit the specific detachable installation method of the detachable cofferdam 111 on the water-facing side of the drawdown zone.

[0037] The installation foundation mentioned above can be a concrete installation foundation. After a section of the current drawdown zone has been treated, the operators can remove the concrete installation foundation for reuse in the next section. Since the concrete installation foundation only serves as the basis for the detachable installation of the detachable cofferdam 111, it does not need to be large in volume and weight, so the subsequent transportation process will not consume too much manpower and resources.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, the aeration needle 112 is inserted into the soil of the drawdown zone. The first port of the first connecting pipe 113 is connected to the outlet of the turbine expansion unit 20. The atmospheric pressure air discharged after the turbine expansion unit 20 expands and performs work to drive the generator 30 to generate electricity can enter the first connecting pipe 113. The second port of the first connecting pipe 113 is connected to the aeration needle 112, thereby delivering the atmospheric pressure air entering the first connecting pipe 113 to the aeration needle 112. Since the air pressure input into the aeration needle 112 through the first connecting pipe 113 is relatively low, it is not easy to impact the soil of the drawdown zone and flow back. This atmospheric pressure air will slowly seep into the soil of the drawdown zone from the bottom, ultimately replenishing the soil of the drawdown zone with oxygen, which is beneficial to the survival and growth of plants in the drawdown zone.

[0039] The drawdown zone management device 110 disclosed in this invention may include one aeration needle 112 or multiple aeration needles 112. This invention does not limit the specific number of aeration needles 112 included in the drawdown zone management device 110. Those skilled in the art can rationally arrange the number and distribution of aeration needles 112 according to the area of ​​a section of the drawdown zone currently being managed. In embodiments where the drawdown zone management device 110 includes multiple aeration needles 112, the multiple aeration needles 112 can be connected in parallel and inserted into the soil of the drawdown zone at intervals to increase the working area. The aeration needle 112 can be a thin stainless steel tube, or it can be a thin hollow structure made of other materials that is easy to insert into the soil.

[0040] The first port of the second connecting pipe 114 is connected to the second outlet of the first valve 70, and the second port of the second connecting pipe 114 is connected to the aeration needle 82. The ambient temperature high-pressure air discharged from the first valve 70 will enter the aeration needle 112 through the second connecting pipe 114 to drive the ambient temperature high-pressure air into the soil to break up soil compaction and loosen the soil structure, thereby achieving a field operation similar to loosening the soil, which is ultimately beneficial to the growth of plants planted in the drawdown zone.

[0041] The working process of the system for increasing the discharge temperature of a reservoir and managing the drawdown zone disclosed in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: When the water level of the reservoir is low, a detachable cofferdam 111 is installed in a section of the drawdown zone. The detachable cofferdam 111 can prevent the plants in the selected section of the drawdown zone from being submerged after the water level rises. This can eliminate the phenomenon that the plants in the selected section of the drawdown zone are submerged and cannot carry out aerobic respiration well, resulting in a low survival rate.

[0042] The compressor 10 compresses air to generate high-temperature and high-pressure air. The compressor 10 is connected to the compression side inlet of the heat exchanger 40, thereby delivering the high-temperature and high-pressure air to the heat exchanger 40. The heat exchanger 40 is located on the heat storage tank 50, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure air in the heat exchanger 40 can exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50 to heat the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50. After the high-temperature and high-pressure air exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50, it becomes room temperature and high-pressure air, and then enters the air storage device 60 through the compression side outlet of the heat exchanger 40 for temporary storage. The gas storage device 60 is connected to the inlet of the first valve 70, and the first outlet of the first valve 70 is connected to the expansion side inlet of the heat exchanger 40, so that a portion of the ambient temperature high pressure air in the gas storage device 60 enters the heat exchanger 40 and is heated by the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50. This portion of ambient temperature high pressure air is not all of the ambient temperature high pressure air. It can be reheated by the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50 to form a secondary high temperature high pressure air, and finally discharged to the turbine expansion unit 20 through the expansion side outlet of the heat exchanger 40, thereby driving the turbine expansion unit 20 to expand and do work. The expansion work of the turbine expansion unit 20 will drive the generator 30 to generate electricity. After the secondary high temperature high pressure air enters the turbine expansion unit 20 and does work, it will become ambient pressure air with residual temperature. Due to the expansion effect, the pressure of the air discharged from the turbine expansion unit 20 becomes ambient pressure. This portion of atmospheric pressure air will be transported to the aeration needle 82 through the first connecting pipe 113. Since the aeration needle 112 is inserted into the soil of the drawdown zone, this portion of atmospheric pressure air will be slowly transported to the soil of the drawdown zone through the aeration needle 112, thereby replenishing the soil in the drawdown zone with sufficient air, ultimately increasing the oxygen content in the soil of the drawdown zone, which is beneficial to improving the survival rate of plants planted in the drawdown zone.

[0043] In addition, the second connecting pipe 114 is connected to the second outlet of the first valve 70, and the second port of the second connecting pipe 114 is connected to the aeration needle 112. Thus, another part of the normal temperature high pressure air in the air storage device 60 can be directly guided to the aeration needle 112 through the second connecting pipe 114. Since the pressure of this part of the air is high, it will be injected into the soil through the aeration needle 112 inserted in the soil of the drawdown zone, thereby breaking up the soil compaction and loosening the soil structure, which is beneficial to the growth of plants planted in the drawdown zone.

[0044] Because the air supplied by the second connecting pipe 114 is at a higher pressure, the high-pressure air entering the aeration needle 112 through the second connecting pipe 114 and ultimately outputting from the aeration needle 112 has a strong impact, mainly used to break up soil compaction and loosen the soil. This portion of room-temperature high-pressure air does not easily remain in the soil. In contrast, the room-pressure air supplied through the first connecting pipe 113, due to its lower pressure, easily and slowly integrates into the soil to increase its oxygen content. In other words, the room-temperature high-pressure air supplied by the second connecting pipe 114 and the room-pressure air supplied by the first connecting pipe 113 are introduced into the soil through the aeration needle 112 to achieve different purposes.

[0045] To avoid the influence of the room-temperature, high-pressure air supplied by the second connecting pipe 114 on the air supplied by the first connecting pipe 113, in one embodiment, a first switching valve can be installed on the first connecting pipe 113, and a second switching valve can be installed on the second connecting pipe 114. The first switching valve can be used to control the on / off state of the first connecting pipe 113, and the second switching valve can be used to control the on / off state of the second connecting pipe 114. In the specific operation, the first and second switching valves can be opened and closed alternately, so that at a certain time period, high-pressure (room-temperature, high-pressure) air is supplied to the soil in the drawdown zone through the second connecting pipe 114 to break up soil compaction and loosen the soil, while at another time period, low-pressure (normal pressure) air is supplied to the soil in the drawdown zone through the first connecting pipe 113 to increase the oxygen content in the soil. Of course, the first switching valve can also be kept continuously open so that the first connecting pipe 113 continuously supplies low-pressure air to the soil to increase the oxygen content in the soil, while the second switching valve can be opened periodically to periodically supply high-pressure room-temperature, high-pressure air to break up soil compaction and loosen the soil.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the temperature of high-temperature high-pressure air is higher than that of sub-high-temperature high-pressure air, the temperature of high-temperature high-pressure air is higher than that of normal-temperature high-pressure air, and the temperature of sub-high-temperature high-pressure air is higher than that of normal-temperature high-pressure air. This embodiment of the invention does not limit the specific temperature values ​​of high-temperature high-pressure air, sub-high-temperature high-pressure air, and normal-temperature high-pressure air. Notably, "normal-temperature high-pressure air" does not necessarily mean that its temperature is at room temperature in the region it is located in; it is merely a conceptual designation.

[0047] As can be seen from the above working process, the system for raising the reservoir discharge temperature and managing the drawdown zone disclosed in this embodiment of the invention uses a detachable cofferdam 111 to block a section of the selected drawdown zone to prevent subsequent water level rise from submerging the vegetation in that section of the selected drawdown zone. Then, the high-temperature and high-pressure air generated by the compressor 10 enters the heat exchanger 40 to heat the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50, thereby raising the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50 to at least exchange heat with the water at the bottom of the water area to raise the temperature of the water at the bottom of the water area. At the same time, it can further heat a portion of the normal temperature and high-pressure air entering the heat exchanger 40 from the expansion side inlet to become secondary high temperature and high-pressure air, thereby realizing the expansion and work of the subsequent turbine expansion unit 20 and slowly delivering the normal pressure air formed after the turbine expansion unit 20 has done work into the soil of the drawdown zone through the aeration needle 112 to increase the oxygen content of the soil. Meanwhile, another portion of the ambient-temperature high-pressure air is delivered into the soil of the drawdown zone through aeration needles 112 to break up soil compaction and loosen the soil. This method not only breaks up soil compaction and loosens the soil to improve soil oxygenation and increase plant survival rates, but also further delivers air to the soil to increase oxygen levels, which further enhances plant survival. Simultaneously, the detachable cofferdam 111 prevents frequent flooding of vegetation in the area being treated within the drawdown zone, thus promoting vegetation survival and growth in this area. This eliminates the need for repeated replanting and maintenance by management personnel, thereby reducing maintenance costs and time.

[0048] The system for raising the temperature of reservoir discharge and managing the drawdown zone disclosed in this embodiment of the invention may further include a first water supply pipe 115 and a water and fertilizer controller 116. The first end of the first water supply pipe 115 is connected to the water area opposite to the drawdown zone of the detachable cofferdam 111 for drawing water from the water area. The second end of the first water supply pipe 115 extends into the drawdown zone and is connected to an aeration needle 112 for delivering a first preset amount of water for vegetation growth into the drawdown zone. The water and fertilizer controller 116 is mounted on the first water supply pipe 115 for delivering a second preset amount of fertilizer to the water for vegetation growth delivered by the first water supply pipe 115. It should be noted that, since the detachable cofferdam 111 encloses a section of the selected drawdown zone to prevent the plants growing in that section from being submerged after the reservoir rises, water is supplied to the area enclosed by the detachable cofferdam 111 through the first water pipe 115 to ensure the plants' growth needs. This water supply can be continuous or intermittent to deliver a first preset amount of water for vegetation growth. It should be noted that the first preset amount of water will not be excessive and depends on the type and growth status of the plants; this embodiment of the invention does not limit the specific size of the first preset amount. Of course, the consequences of the first preset amount of water are fundamentally different from those caused by the reservoir flooding the plants in the drawdown zone; the former promotes plant growth, while the latter will soak and inhibit plant growth.

[0049] The water and fertilizer controller 116 can be implemented using a conventional discharging mechanism that holds fertilizer and performs quantitative discharge. The controller 116 delivers a second preset amount of water and fertilizer to the first water pipe 115. Driven by the water in the first water pipe 115, the fertilizer is ultimately transported along with the water through the aeration needles 112 to the soil of a selected area of ​​the drawdown zone, thus fertilizing the plants in that area. This structure facilitates the delivery of fertilizer to the soil of the drawdown zone by the flow of water in the first water pipe 115. Simultaneously, the fertilizer easily dissolves in water upon entering the first water pipe 115 and enters the soil, thereby improving the fertilization effect. Similarly, the water and fertilizer controller 116 can continuously or intermittently discharge fertilizer; this embodiment of the invention is not limited in this regard. It should be noted that this embodiment of the invention does not limit the size of the first and second preset amounts. Those skilled in the art can adaptively determine the size of the first and second preset amounts according to the water and fertilizer requirements of the vegetation type. Meanwhile, the embodiments of the present invention do not limit the structure and type of the water and fertilizer controller 116 itself. The structure and type of the water and fertilizer controller 116 itself can be the prior art. One design point of the embodiments of the present invention is the functional cooperation between the water and fertilizer controller 116 and other components.

[0050] Similarly, a third switching valve and a pump body can be installed on the first water supply pipe 115. The third switching valve is used to control the opening and closing of the first water supply pipe 115, and the pump body is used to drive water in the water area through the first water supply pipe 115 and the aeration needle 112 into the soil of the drawdown zone. In addition, it should be explained that the drawdown zone is a complete ring area around the water area of ​​the reservoir. Since the water area of ​​the reservoir is large, the area of ​​the drawdown zone is also large. The system for raising the discharge temperature of the reservoir and treating the drawdown zone disclosed in this embodiment of the invention first selects a section of the drawdown zone for treatment. After the treatment of this section is completed (for example, the plant growth in this section meets the preset requirements), another section of the drawdown zone is selected for treatment, and so on until the entire area of ​​the drawdown zone is treated.

[0051] In this embodiment of the invention, the second port of the first connecting pipe 113 and the second end of the first water supply pipe 115 can be directly connected to the aeration needle 112. In other embodiments, the second port of the first connecting pipe 113 is connected to the first water supply pipe 115, so as to indirectly connect to the aeration needle 112 through the first water supply pipe 115. The connection point of the second connecting pipe 114 to the first water supply pipe 115 can be located between the water and fertilizer controller 116 and the second end of the first water supply pipe 115, so that the second connecting pipe 114 is indirectly connected to the aeration needle 112 through a section of the first water supply pipe 115, thereby simplifying the pipeline structure.

[0052] In one embodiment, when one of the third switching valve on the first water supply pipe 115 and the first switching valve on the first connecting pipe 113 is in the open state, the other can be in the closed state, thereby avoiding possible mutual interference between them. This structure enables staggered use of the aeration needles 112, thereby simplifying the structure of the drawdown zone management device 110.

[0053] The drawdown zone management device 110 disclosed in this embodiment of the invention may further include a buffer chamber 117. The second port of the second connecting pipe 114 can be indirectly connected to the aeration needle 112 through the buffer chamber 117. This structure achieves buffering by adding the buffer chamber 117. At the same time, the air outlet connected to the buffer chamber 117 and the aeration needle 112 can be equipped with a pulse-type opening and closing valve. The pulse opening and closing of the pulse-type opening and closing valve can enable the ambient temperature high-pressure air in the buffer chamber 117 to be pulsedly supplied to the aeration needle 112, which is beneficial to improve the impact effect on the soil and can better break up soil compaction and loosen the soil.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the detachable cofferdam 111 can be a detachable cement block formed by cement casting, or it can be a sandbag, etc. This embodiment of the invention does not limit the specific structure of the detachable cofferdam 111. Considering ease of assembly and disassembly, and convenient transportation to the next area to be treated, the drawdown zone treatment device 110 in this embodiment of the invention may also include a pneumatic water pump 118, and the detachable cofferdam 111 can be a water-filled cofferdam. The pneumatic water pump 118 is connected to the second connecting pipe 114, and the inlet pipe of the pneumatic water pump 118 is connected to the water area of ​​the detachable cofferdam 111 facing away from the drawdown zone. The outlet pipe of the pneumatic water pump 118 extends into the water-filling chamber of the detachable cofferdam 111. This structure allows the second connecting pipe 114 to also be connected to the pneumatic water pump 118, thereby driving the pneumatic water pump 118 to pump water through the ambient temperature high-pressure air transported by the second connecting pipe 114. It should be noted that the pneumatic water pump 118 uses the flow of high-pressure gas to drive the pump wheel to rotate, thereby achieving the purpose of pumping water. The pneumatic water pump 118 itself is an existing component, and its specific structure will not be described in detail in this embodiment of the invention. After the treatment of a section of the selected drawdown zone is completed, the drainage outlet of the detachable cofferdam 111 can be opened to drain the water inside, and then the detachable cofferdam 111 can be removed. In this way, the detachable cofferdam 111 will continue to play a role in the treatment of the next section of the drawdown zone. At the same time, this water-filled detachable cofferdam 111 becomes lighter after the water is drained, which facilitates transportation by operators.

[0055] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, the air inlet of the buffer chamber 117 and the air inlet of the pneumatic water pump 118 can be connected in parallel to the second end of the second connecting pipe 114 through corresponding branch pipes, thereby realizing the diversion of the normal temperature high pressure air discharged from the second outlet of the first valve 70.

[0056] As mentioned above, the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50 is used to exchange heat with the water at the bottom of the water area. There are various ways to achieve this. In one embodiment, the system for increasing the discharge temperature of the reservoir and controlling the drawdown zone disclosed in this embodiment of the invention may also include a heating device 80.

[0057] The heat storage tank 50 contains a heat exchange medium. The medium inlet of the heat storage tank 50 is connected to the medium outlet of the heating device 80, and vice versa. The heating device 80 and the heat storage tank 50 share the same heat exchange medium. The heating device 80 is located at the bottom of the water body and upstream of the reservoir's outlet. Since the heat exchanger 40 is mounted on the heat storage tank 50, it can raise the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the tank 50 through heat exchange. The heat storage tank 50 and the heat exchanger 40 form a heat exchange medium circulation structure, allowing the heat exchange medium to circulate. After the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50 is heated by heat exchange with the heat exchanger 40, it flows into the heating device 80, where it exchanges heat with the water at the bottom of the water body, thereby raising the temperature of the water at the bottom of the water body. As mentioned above, since the heating device 80 is located at the bottom of the reservoir, it can exchange heat with the cooler water at the bottom of the reservoir, thereby raising the temperature of the water in the cooler bottom area of ​​the reservoir. This will raise the discharge temperature of the reservoir after the water at the bottom of the reservoir is discharged.

[0058] After the heat exchange medium in the heating device 80 cools down, it flows back to the heat storage tank 50 and reheats by exchanging heat with the heat exchanger 40. To achieve the circulation of the heat exchange medium, a first drive pump can be installed in the heat exchange medium circulation path formed by the heating device 80 and the heat storage tank 50 to drive the heat exchange medium to circulate in the heat exchange medium circulation structure formed by the heating device 80 and the heat storage tank 50. The first drive pump can control the circulation speed of the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50, so that the heat exchange medium heated by the heat exchanger 40 in the heat storage tank 50 can heat the water at the bottom of the water area through the heating device 80, while also retaining energy to heat the room temperature high-pressure air entering the expansion side of the heat exchanger 40. Of course, the circulation flow rate of the heat exchange medium between the heat storage tank 50 and the heating device 80 can also be controlled by designing the diameter of the circulating flow pipeline of the heat exchange medium circulation structure, so as to avoid the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50 dropping too quickly and making it difficult to heat the normal temperature high pressure air entering the expansion side of the heat exchanger 40.

[0059] It should be noted that after the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50 is heated by the heat exchanger 40, part of the heat can be used to heat the water at the bottom of the water body through the heating device 80, and another part of the heat is used to heat the ambient temperature high pressure air flowing out from the gas storage device 60 to a certain extent, thereby raising the temperature of this ambient temperature high pressure air to become secondary high temperature high pressure air, thus preparing for the subsequent work done by the turbine expansion unit 20.

[0060] The heating device 80 is located upstream of the reservoir's spillway and at the bottom of the reservoir's water area. Therefore, after exchanging heat with the water at the bottom of the reservoir, the heating device 80 raises the temperature of that water, thereby increasing the discharge temperature of the spillway. As described in the background section, the water in the reservoir exhibits vertical temperature stratification. Therefore, raising the temperature of the water at the bottom of the water area helps to raise the overall temperature of the water in the reservoir. This water discharges through the reservoir's spillway, thus increasing the reservoir's discharge temperature.

[0061] The system for raising the temperature of reservoir discharge water and controlling the drawdown zone disclosed in this invention uses a compressor 10 to compress high-temperature, high-pressure air, which is then introduced into a heat exchanger 40. This high-temperature, high-pressure air exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50, raising the temperature of the heat exchange medium. The resulting room-temperature, high-pressure air then passes through a gas storage device 60 and a first valve 70 before re-entering the heat exchanger 40 to be heated into sub-high-temperature, high-pressure air. This increased temperature allows the air to flow into a heating device 80 and exchange heat with the cooler water at the bottom of the reservoir, ultimately raising the temperature of the water discharged from the reservoir. Simultaneously, the sub-high-temperature, high-pressure air discharged from the expansion side outlet of the heat exchanger 40 drives a generator 30 to generate electricity via a turbine expansion unit 20, effectively utilizing the energy of the air and improving energy efficiency.

[0062] This type of structure can achieve the purpose of increasing the discharge temperature of the reservoir without the need to build stacked beam gates, retaining walls or water-proof curtain walls, and it also avoids the need for more complex and costly structures.

[0063] As described above, the heating device 80 can raise the temperature of the water at the bottom of the reservoir in a single step. To further enhance the heating effect, in a more advanced embodiment, the system for raising the reservoir discharge temperature and controlling the drawdown zone disclosed in this invention may further include an aeration device 100, which is located at the bottom of the reservoir and upstream of the reservoir's discharge outlet. The third outlet of the first valve 70 is connected to the air inlet of the aeration device 100 to enable underwater aeration. In this embodiment, the first valve 70 may have a first outlet, a second outlet, and a third outlet. The first outlet of the first valve 70 is connected to the expansion side inlet of the heat exchanger 40, allowing a portion of the ambient temperature high-pressure air released from the air storage device 60 to enter the heat exchanger 40, be heated by the heat storage tank 50, and ultimately enter the turbine expansion unit 20. The second outlet of the first valve 70 is connected to the second connecting pipe 114, thereby delivering a portion of the ambient temperature high-pressure air to the soil in the drawdown zone through the aeration needles 112. The third outlet of the first valve 70 is connected to the aeration device 100 so that a portion of normal temperature high pressure air enters the aeration device 100 to enable the aeration device 100 to perform underwater aeration.

[0064] It should be noted that the aeration device 100 is also located upstream of the reservoir's discharge outlet. During operation, a portion of the ambient temperature, high-pressure air flowing through the first valve 70 enters the aeration device 100 and is ultimately sprayed out from the bottom of the water area, heating the water at the bottom. Simultaneously, bottom aeration breaks up the vertical stratification of the water, allowing different layers to mix and increasing the temperature of the lower layers. This further alleviates vertical water stratification and increases the discharge temperature. This embodiment can be considered as heating the bottom water again, building upon the initial heating by the heating device 80, thus further increasing the reservoir's discharge temperature. Alternatively, the heating device 80 can be considered as further increasing the bottom water temperature through heat exchange, building upon the aeration provided by the aeration device 100, thereby further increasing the reservoir's discharge temperature.

[0065] In this embodiment of the invention, the aeration principle of the aeration device 100 is a known technology, and this embodiment does not limit the specific structure of the aeration device 100. In one embodiment, the aeration device 100 may include an aeration chamber 101 and an aeration plate 102. The air inlet of the aeration chamber 101 is connected to the third outlet of the first valve 70. The aeration chamber 101 is provided with an air outlet, and the aeration plate 102 is rotatably disposed at the air outlet of the aeration chamber 101. The aeration plate 102 has multiple aeration holes distributed in a preset manner. The room temperature high-pressure air discharged from the air outlet of the aeration chamber 101 passes through the aeration plate 102 and is broken into fragmented bubbles by the action of the multiple aeration holes on the aeration plate 102, which then enter the water at the bottom of the water body, thereby achieving more sufficient heat exchange and also more sufficient breaking up of water stratification. Therefore, after the heating device 80 heats the water at the bottom of the water area once, the aeration device 100 can heat the water at the bottom of the water area again more thoroughly. At the same time, this structure can better improve the water quality at the bottom of the reservoir, thereby further increasing the temperature of the reservoir discharge.

[0066] The number of aeration plates 102 can be one or more; the specific number of aeration plates 102 is not limited in this embodiment of the invention. In embodiments with multiple aeration plates 102, all aeration plates 102 are rotatably mounted on the aeration chamber 101, forming a rotating structure similar to "pages." This allows for multi-stage segmentation and dispersion of the air discharged from the air outlet of the aeration chamber 101, enabling the aeration device 100 to generate more fragmented bubbles. This is beneficial for improving the effect of reheating the bottom water of the water body and breaking up water stratification. To improve the aeration effect, the apertures of the aeration holes of the multiple aeration plates 102 are all different. Among the multiple aeration plates 102, the aeration plate 102 with the smallest aperture is located at the top, and the multiple aeration plates 102 are distributed from top to bottom in a manner that gradually increases the aperture of the aeration holes. The aeration plate 102 is rotatably mounted on the aeration chamber 101, so that the aeration plate 102 can swing under the impact of normal temperature and high pressure air during the aeration process, thereby improving the swing effect, which is beneficial to stirring the water at the bottom of the water body, accelerating heat exchange and breaking up stratification.

[0067] Of course, the aeration plates 102 can also swing under the drive of a power source. Therefore, in one embodiment, each aeration plate 102 is connected to an aeration plate driving mechanism. The aeration plate driving mechanism can be fixed to the aeration chamber 101 and driven by the corresponding aeration plate 102, thereby driving the rotation of the corresponding aeration plate 102 during aeration. Each aeration plate 102 can rotate within a preset angle range, which can be 90°. This embodiment of the invention does not limit the size of the preset angle range.

[0068] The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone disclosed in this invention may further include a third valve, the inlet of which is connected to the compression side outlet of heat exchanger 40. The outlet of the third valve may be connected to a gas storage device 60. To increase gas storage capacity, there may be multiple gas storage devices 60, and correspondingly, there may be multiple outlets of the third valve, each connected to one of the multiple gas storage devices 60. In this case, after heat exchange with the heat storage tank 50, the heat exchanger 40 can discharge ambient temperature high-pressure air and distribute it to multiple gas storage devices 60 for temporary storage through the third valve. In this embodiment, the third valve is essentially a diversion valve, and it may be made of stainless steel. The number of outlets of the third valve is equal to the number of gas storage devices 60. In one embodiment, there are 10 outlets of the third valve, and correspondingly, there are also 10 gas storage devices 60. The third valve may be equipped with a valve controller, which can adjust the flow rate of each outlet of the third valve.

[0069] Similarly, the first valve 70 and the second valve described later can each be equipped with a valve controller to adjust the flow ratio of their multiple outlets.

[0070] Specifically, the compression side outlet of heat exchanger 40 can be connected to the inlet of the third valve via a pressure-bearing insulated steel pipe. The gas storage device 60 can be a gas storage tank, which can be fixed to a prefabricated gas storage device foundation on the bottom of the water body. The gas storage device foundation can be a concrete foundation. The gas storage device 60 can be a cubic structure or a cylindrical structure; this embodiment of the invention does not limit the specific shape and size of the gas storage device 60. This embodiment of the invention places the gas storage device 60 at the bottom of the reservoir, thus reducing noise during the air storage process. In one embodiment, the gas storage device 60 can be made of flexible material; the water pressure at the bottom of the reservoir can provide the pressure required to store high-pressure air. This structure eliminates the need for rigid pressure-bearing materials, which helps reduce construction costs.

[0071] In this embodiment of the invention, the heating device 80 may be equipped with a discharge valve. When the discharge valve is open, the heat exchange medium in the heating device 80 can be discharged and directly enter the water at the bottom of the water body to heat the water. Alternatively, in this case, the heat storage tank 50 may be equipped with a water inlet. The water inlet may be equipped with a switch valve to control its opening and closing. The heat storage tank 50 can replenish the heat exchange medium lost after it is discharged from the heating device 80 through the water inlet. In this case, the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank 50 is water.

[0072] In one example, there can be multiple discharge valves, which helps improve the discharge efficiency of the heat exchange medium in the heating device 80. When a rapid increase in the discharge water temperature is needed, the discharge valve of the heating device 80 can be opened. When a rapid increase in the discharge water temperature is not needed, the discharge valve of the heating device 80 is closed, and the heat exchange medium in the heating device 80 is not discharged, but only circulates between the heat storage tank 50 and the heating device 80. The higher-temperature heat exchange medium will exchange heat with the water at the bottom of the water body at the heating device 80. The heating device 80 can be designed with a structure that facilitates heat exchange, for example, the heating device 80 can be equipped with heat sinks. Specifically, the discharge valve can be a one-way valve, thereby realizing the one-way discharge of the heat exchange medium from the heating device 80, and the heat exchange medium can be water. Of course, the discharge valve can also be a two-way valve. After the heat exchange medium in the heating device 80 is discharged under the drive of the first drive pump mentioned above, a portion of the water at the bottom of the water body can be drawn into the heating device 80 under the drive of the first drive pump to serve as the heat exchange medium.

[0073] The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone disclosed in this embodiment of the invention may further include a third connecting pipe 120 and a second valve 119. The inlet of the second valve 119 can be connected to the outlet of the turbine expansion unit 20, the first outlet of the second valve 119 is connected to the first port of the first connecting pipe 113, the second outlet of the second valve 119 can be connected to the inlet of the third connecting pipe 120, and the outlet of the third connecting pipe 120 is connected to the reservoir's discharge channel. This structure can discharge the residual heat atmospheric air discharged from the turbine expansion unit 20 into the discharge channel, thereby increasing the temperature of the water in the discharge channel, which can further increase the reservoir's discharge temperature. In one embodiment, the first connecting pipe 113 and the third connecting pipe 120 can be connected to the second valve 119 at all times.

[0074] In the specific treatment process, since the first connecting pipe 113 does not need to continuously replenish the soil oxygen content in the drawdown zone, in one embodiment, in the embodiment where a first switching valve is provided on the first connecting pipe 113, the first switching valve can be opened and closed periodically.

[0075] In other embodiments, a fourth switching valve can also be provided on the third connecting pipe 120 to control the opening and closing of the third connecting pipe 120. During periods when a large amount of air needs to be injected into the soil through the first connecting pipe 113, the fourth switching valve can be in the closed state, so that the gas discharged from the turbine expansion unit 20 is used entirely for the soil in the drawdown zone during a certain period, thereby improving the gas delivery efficiency. It should be noted that although the ambient temperature high-pressure air input into the turbine expansion unit 20 has residual heat after expansion and work, it will not scorch the plants in the drawdown zone. Of course, in other embodiments, a heat dissipation structure can be provided on the first connecting pipe 113 to further reduce the residual heat, so that the air temperature in the soil supplied from the first connecting pipe 113 to the drawdown zone is compatible with the plants in the drawdown zone.

[0076] As can be seen from the above description, the system for raising the reservoir discharge temperature and controlling the drawdown zone disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention can raise the reservoir discharge temperature without losing the power generation head and without affecting the operation and scheduling of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Moreover, when the detachable cofferdam 111 adopts a water-filled cofferdam, it can drive the pneumatic water pump 118 by discharging normal temperature high-pressure air, thereby reducing the energy consumption of electricity.

[0077] The drawdown zone management device 110 disclosed in this embodiment of the invention can improve the survival rate of plants in the drawdown zone and promote their growth. Once these plants grow up, they can better resist the frequent changes in the water level of the reservoir, and finally complete the ecological management of the drawdown zone relatively quickly.

[0078] At the same time, the detachable cofferdam 111, aeration needle 112, first connecting pipe 113, second connecting pipe 114 and other structures in the drawdown zone management device 110 are relatively easy to manufacture into detachable structures or structures that can be extended by connecting intermediate pipelines. This is conducive to the positional changes of the drawdown zone management device 110 in different sections of the drawdown zone, and ultimately makes it easier to achieve ecological management of the entire drawdown zone.

[0079] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A system for increasing the temperature of reservoir discharge and controlling the drawdown zone, characterized in that, Includes a compressor (10), a turbine expansion unit (20), and a generator (30) located on the bank of the reservoir; a drawdown zone control device (110) located at least partially on the bank; and a heat exchanger (40), a heat storage tank (50), a gas storage device (60), and a first valve (70) located at the bottom of the water area of ​​the reservoir, wherein: The compressor (10) is connected to the compression side inlet of the heat exchanger (40) to deliver the compressed high-temperature and high-pressure air to the heat exchanger (40). The heat exchanger (40) is located on the heat storage tank (50) and the high-temperature and high-pressure air in the heat exchanger (40) exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank (50) to form normal temperature and high-pressure air. The compression side outlet of the heat exchanger (40) is connected to the gas storage device (60). The gas storage device (60) is connected to the inlet of the first valve (70). The first outlet of the first valve (70) is connected to the expansion side inlet of the heat exchanger (40). The expansion side outlet of the heat exchanger (40) is connected to the inlet of the turbine expansion unit (20). The turbine expansion unit (20) is connected to the generator (30). The heat exchange medium in the heat storage tank (50) is used to exchange heat with the water at the bottom of the water area and to heat the ambient temperature high-pressure air entering the expansion side inlet; the drawdown zone management device (110) includes a detachable cofferdam (111), an aeration needle (112), and a first connecting pipe (113) located on the bank, and a second connecting pipe (114) extending from the bottom of the water area to the bank. The detachable cofferdam (111) is installed on the water-adjacent side of the drawdown zone to prevent water from the reservoir from entering the drawdown zone. The first port of the first connecting pipe (113) is connected to the outlet of the turbine expansion unit (20), the second port of the first connecting pipe (113) is connected to the aeration needle (112), the first port of the second connecting pipe (114) is connected to the second outlet of the first valve (70), and the second port of the second connecting pipe (114) is connected to the aeration needle (112).

2. The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drawdown zone management device (110) further includes a first water supply pipe (115) and a water and fertilizer controller (116). The first end of the first water supply pipe (115) is connected to the water area opposite to the drawdown zone of the detachable cofferdam (111). The second end of the first water supply pipe (115) extends into the drawdown zone and is connected to the aeration needle (112) for supplying a first preset amount of vegetation growth water to the drawdown zone. The water and fertilizer controller (116) is located on the first water supply pipe (115) for supplying a second preset amount of fertilizer to the vegetation growth water supplied by the first water supply pipe (115).

3. The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second port of the first connecting pipe (113) is connected to the first water supply pipe (115) so as to indirectly connect with the aeration needle (112) through the first water supply pipe (115). The connection between the first connecting pipe (113) and the first water supply pipe (115) is located between the water and fertilizer controller (116) and the second end of the first water supply pipe (115).

4. The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drawdown zone management device (110) also includes a buffer chamber (117), and the second port of the second connecting pipe (114) is connected to the aeration needle (112) through the buffer chamber (117).

5. The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drawdown zone management device (110) also includes a pneumatic water pump (118). The detachable cofferdam (111) is a water-filled cofferdam. The pneumatic water pump (118) is connected to the second connecting pipe (114). The inlet pipe of the pneumatic water pump (118) is connected to the water area of ​​the detachable cofferdam (111) facing away from the drawdown zone. The outlet pipe of the pneumatic water pump (118) extends into the water-filling chamber of the detachable cofferdam (111).

6. The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system for raising the temperature of the reservoir discharge and controlling the drawdown zone also includes a heating device (80). The medium outlet of the heat storage tank (50) is connected to the medium inlet of the heating device (80), and the medium inlet of the heat storage tank (50) is connected to the medium outlet of the heating device (80). The heating device (80) is located at the bottom of the water area and upstream of the reservoir discharge outlet.

7. The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system for raising the temperature of the reservoir discharge and controlling the drawdown zone also includes an aeration device (100), which is located at the bottom of the water area and upstream of the reservoir discharge outlet. The third outlet of the first valve (70) is connected to the aeration device (100) to enable the aeration device (100) to perform underwater aeration.

8. The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone according to claim 7, characterized in that, The aeration device (100) includes an aeration chamber (101) and a plurality of aeration plates (102) all disposed at the bottom of the water area. The air inlet of the aeration chamber (101) is connected to the third outlet of the first valve (70). The plurality of aeration plates (102) are rotatably disposed at the air outlet of the aeration chamber (101). The plurality of aeration plates (102) are all provided with aeration holes. The diameter of the aeration holes provided by the plurality of aeration plates (102) is not all equal.

9. The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas storage device (60) is multiple, and the system for raising the reservoir discharge temperature and controlling the drawdown zone also includes a third valve. The inlet of the third valve is connected to the outlet of the compression side, and the outlet of the third valve is multiple and is connected to multiple gas storage devices (60) in a one-to-one correspondence.

10. The system for increasing reservoir discharge temperature and controlling drawdown zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system for raising the reservoir discharge temperature and controlling the drawdown zone also includes a third connecting pipe (120) and a second valve (119). The inlet of the second valve (119) is connected to the outlet of the turbine expansion unit (20), the first outlet of the second valve (119) is connected to the first port of the first connecting pipe (113), the second outlet of the second valve (119) is connected to the inlet of the third connecting pipe (120), and the outlet of the third connecting pipe (120) is connected to the reservoir's discharge channel.

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