Steam soot blower leakage monitoring system and method based on adjustable optical fiber sensing

Abstract

The invention discloses a steam soot blower leakage monitoring system and method based on adjustable optical fiber sensing, and relates to the technical field of equipment monitoring and protection, and the steam soot blower leakage monitoring system comprises a sensing layer, an acquisition layer, a transmission layer, a platform layer, an application layer and an early warning module. A linkage press-fit fixing mechanism and an angle adjusting mechanism are matched to adapt to different pipeline diameters and working conditions, and the long-term temperature resistance is not lower than 350 DEG C; according to the monitoring method, through the six steps of system deployment, signal acquisition, data processing, abnormity judgment, alarm disposal and trend analysis, in combination with a multi-mode fusion algorithm and an environment self-adaptive compensation unit, steam leakage (high temperature + continuous broadband vibration) and mechanical jam (normal temperature + periodic impact) are accurately recognized, the positioning precision is + / -1m, the false alarm rate is smaller than or equal to 5%, the stable operation time is larger than or equal to 99.5%, and the monitoring result is accurate. Tiny leakage can be found in advance, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, and reliable support is provided for preventive maintenance of the steam soot blower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of equipment monitoring and protection technology, specifically to a steam soot blower leakage monitoring system and method based on adjustable fiber optic sensing. Background Technology

[0002] In the power and chemical industries, steam soot blowers are key auxiliary equipment in boiler systems. Operating under high temperature, high pressure, and high vibration conditions for extended periods, their inner and outer steam pipe welds, as well as the sealing surfaces of the lifting valves, are prone to wear, corrosion, or seal failure, leading to steam leaks. Traditional manual inspections struggle to detect even minor leaks and pose safety hazards, failing to meet the need for timely monitoring.

[0003] Current mainstream automated monitoring solutions using thermocouples and pressure sensors have significant limitations. Thermocouples only measure temperature at a single point, have a delayed response, and are prone to misjudgment. Pressure sensors struggle to locate leaks and are susceptible to false alarms or missed alarms due to changes in boiler load. Neither type of sensor can simultaneously monitor multiple faults, requiring multiple sets of equipment, increasing system complexity and cost, and also presenting data silos.

[0004] In addition, existing fiber optic sensing and monitoring solutions also face application bottlenecks; fiber optic sensing equipment is mostly fixedly installed, and it is impossible to adjust the installation angle and fit of the fiber optic according to the diameter of the sootblower pipe and the operating conditions, and the fiber optic is prone to loosening and wear; at the same time, the temperature and strain at the boiler site have large coupling interference, and traditional algorithms are difficult to establish a correlation model, which easily leads to misjudgment of environmental interference signals, resulting in insufficient monitoring accuracy and reliability.

[0005] Therefore, a steam soot blower leakage monitoring system and method based on adjustable fiber optic sensing is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a steam soot blower leakage monitoring system and method based on adjustable fiber optic sensing, so as to solve the problems in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a steam sootblower leakage monitoring system and method based on adjustable fiber optic sensing, wherein the sensing layer is composed of a special high-temperature resistant composite optical cable. The optical cable adopts a composite structure of PI high-temperature optical fiber + stainless steel braided mesh + PI outer sheath, and has a long-term temperature resistance of not less than 350℃. It is laid along the sootblower tube wall and covered with a metal protective tube made of SUS304 material. It is fixed to the steel wire rope skeleton by detachable steel strips at intervals of ≤1 meter, and the spacing is increased to 0.8 meters at bends. A redundant section of ≥50 meters is reserved at the end of each layer of sootblower. The acquisition layer is a distributed multimodal integrated machine that integrates a Raman scattering temperature measurement module and a coherent Rayleigh scattering vibration demodulation module. It synchronously acquires temperature and vibration acoustic signals on the same measurement optical cable. The working wavelength is 1550±20nm, and it supports full coverage monitoring of 108 soot blowers in a single furnace. The transport layer adopts an industrial Ethernet architecture and uses TCP / IP, UDP protocols and ModbusTCP or OPC standard interfaces to achieve data transmission, and has network isolation and access control functions. The platform layer is a monitoring and management software platform, which adopts a B / S architecture and a fully Chinese interface. It includes modules for real-time monitoring, alarm management, trend analysis and operation and maintenance management. It supports multi-user hierarchical permissions and operation log tracking, and the data storage duration is no less than 2 years. The application layer includes a monitoring workstation and a mobile app. The workstation is equipped with a CPU with no less than 6 cores, 16GB of memory, and a 1TB hard drive. The app supports alarm push notifications, device status queries, task handling, and data synchronization.

[0008] Preferably, the performance parameters of the distributed multimodal integrated machine in the acquisition layer meet the following requirements: temperature measurement range -20 to +150℃, temperature measurement accuracy ≤ ±2℃, minimum response time ≤ 60s; vibration frequency response range 0.1Hz to 20kHz, spatial resolution ≤ 1m, positioning accuracy ±1m, system false alarm rate ≤ 5%, and stable operation time ≥ 99.5%.

[0009] Preferably, the linkage pressing and fixing mechanism includes an adjusting knob, an n-shaped plate rotatably mounted in the center of the adjusting knob, an end of the n-shaped plate away from the adjusting knob fixedly mounted on a semi-arc support plate, a limiting slide cylinder threadedly mounted near the center of the adjusting knob near the center of the n-shaped plate, the outer surface of the limiting slide cylinder slidingly mounted in the semi-arc support plate, an arc-shaped pressure plate fixedly mounted at the end of the limiting slide cylinder away from the n-shaped plate, an arc-shaped linkage hoop plate symmetrically rotatably mounted in the center of the lower surface of the arc-shaped pressure plate, sliding plates slidably mounted at the center of both ends of the arc-shaped pressure plate, an auxiliary groove opened in the center of the sliding plate, a return spring installed in the auxiliary groove of the sliding plate, one end of the return spring fixedly mounted on the sliding plate, the other end of the return spring fixedly mounted on the arc-shaped pressure plate, a pressure plate fixedly mounted at one end of the arc-shaped linkage hoop plate, and a rubber pad fixedly mounted at the end of the sliding plate away from the pressure plate. The angle adjustment mechanism includes an adjusting nut, both ends of which are rotatably mounted on a semi-arc support plate. A worm is fixedly mounted in the middle of the adjusting nut, and a worm wheel meshes with the tooth surface of the worm. The worm wheel is rotatably mounted in the middle of the semi-arc support plate, and the outer surface of the limiting slide cylinder is slidably mounted in the middle of the worm wheel.

[0010] Preferably, the data processing module further includes an environmental adaptive compensation unit, which pre-stores a temperature-strain database for different operating conditions and can dynamically correct the detection threshold according to the operating status of the steam soot blower, with a correction response time ≤100ms.

[0011] Preferably, an early warning module is also included. The early warning module is electrically connected to the data processing module and can output audible and visual alarm signals according to the leakage level. It can also synchronously transmit the leakage information to the PLC unit of the sootblower operation control system to realize closed-loop control of the leakage.

[0012] A method for monitoring leaks in a steam sootblower based on adjustable fiber optic sensing includes the following steps: S1, System Deployment: Divide the monitoring sections according to the distribution area of ​​the soot blowers, lay special high temperature resistant composite optical cables using a series topology, complete the installation and commissioning of distributed multimodal integrated machines, workstations and network equipment, and establish a ledger of optical cable partition codes and coordinate numbers; S2, Signal Acquisition: Laser pulses are injected into the optical cable through the distributed multimodal integrated machine, and Raman scattering temperature signal and Rayleigh scattering vibration sound pattern signal are acquired simultaneously. The mileage coordinates of the measuring point are calculated based on the time domain reflection principle. S3, Data Processing: Filter, slope correction and gradient analysis are performed on the collected temperature signal, and phase demodulation, frequency domain analysis and feature extraction are performed on the vibration sound pattern signal to establish a dataset with the same cable, coordinates and time reference. S4, Anomaly Detection: The processed data is analyzed using a multimodal fusion algorithm. If the conditions of "high temperature + continuous broadband vibration" are met, it is determined to be a steam leak; if the conditions of "normal temperature + periodic impact" are met, it is determined to be a mechanical jam. Anomaly event number and detailed record are generated. S5, Alarm Handling: The system triggers a tiered alarm and pushes it to relevant terminals. Maintenance personnel confirm the event, handle it on-site, and report the results through the platform or mobile terminal. The system automatically completes event archiving and closed-loop management. S6, Trend Analysis: Generates temperature curves, vibration spectra, and alarm trend charts according to custom time intervals, supports data export and equipment health status assessment, and provides a basis for preventive maintenance.

[0013] 7. The method for monitoring leakage of a steam soot blower based on adjustable fiber optic sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that the multimodal fusion algorithm includes data preprocessing, feature matching, confidence assessment and manual correction steps, and achieves accurate classification of fault types by establishing a dynamic data model, and continuously optimizes the judgment accuracy.

[0014] 8. The method for monitoring leakage of a steam soot blower based on adjustable fiber optic sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that the system deployment step in S1 further includes calibrating the temperature channel at two or more points, aligning the mileage using preset reflection points, and improving the data signal-to-noise ratio through multi-pulse averaging, window superposition, and outlier removal mechanisms.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the steam soot blower leakage monitoring system and method based on adjustable fiber optic sensing provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) More comprehensive monitoring dimensions and more accurate fault identification: In existing technologies, thermocouples can only achieve single-point temperature measurement, and pressure sensors are difficult to locate leaks. Moreover, neither can monitor multiple types of faults simultaneously, and the operating conditions are easily misjudged due to a single data point. This solution innovatively adopts a combination of "distributed sensing fiber + FBG sensing array" and a multi-mode integrated machine that integrates Raman scattering temperature measurement and coherent Rayleigh scattering vibration demodulation. It can simultaneously collect temperature and vibration acoustic signals on the same optical cable. Combined with the multi-mode fusion algorithm, it can accurately distinguish between steam leaks of "high temperature + continuous broadband vibration" and mechanical jamming of "normal temperature + periodic impact". This solves the problem of ambiguous fault type identification in traditional solutions, and the positioning accuracy reaches ±1m. The leak positioning error can be controlled within 0.5m, and the detection time of small leaks is shortened to less than 3 minutes, which far exceeds the response efficiency of traditional manual inspection and single-point monitoring equipment.

[0016] (2) Stronger environmental adaptability and higher tolerance to complex working conditions: Steam soot blowers are in a boiler environment with high temperature, high pressure and high vibration for a long time. Traditional fiber optic sensing solutions cannot adapt to different pipe diameters and curvatures due to fixed installation methods, and ordinary optical cables are easily worn by high temperature. This solution is specifically optimized. The sensing optical cable adopts a composite structure of "PI high temperature optical fiber + stainless steel braided mesh + PI outer sheath", which can withstand a long-term temperature of not less than 350℃. It is covered with a metal protective tube of SUS304 material, which can effectively resist high temperature corrosion and mechanical wear. At the same time, a linkage pressing and fixing mechanism and an angle adjustment mechanism are designed. By adjusting the torque to drive the arc pressure plate to adapt to the pipe diameter, and by using the worm gear structure to adjust the installation angle of the optical fiber, it can flexibly adapt to the pipe curvature of different areas such as furnace and superheater, avoid the loosening or damage of optical fiber, and solve the bottleneck of the existing optical fiber solution's "one-size-fits-all" installation that cannot adapt to multiple working conditions.

[0017] (3) Superior anti-interference capability and higher data reliability: Temperature and strain coupling interference exists at the boiler site. Traditional monitoring schemes lack dynamic compensation mechanisms and are easily affected by boiler load changes, leading to missed or false alarms. For example, the false alarm rate of thermocouple systems often reaches 15%. The data processing module of this scheme is equipped with an environmental adaptive compensation unit, which pre-stores temperature-strain corresponding databases under different operating conditions. It can dynamically correct the detection threshold according to the sootblower operating status, with a correction response time of ≤100ms, effectively eliminating environmental interference. At the same time, the signal-to-noise ratio of the data is improved through multi-pulse averaging, window superposition and outlier elimination mechanisms, reducing the system false alarm rate to below 5%, and even as low as 3% in actual applications. The stable operating time is ≥99.5%, and the data reliability is far higher than that of traditional schemes.

[0018] (4) Higher system integration and lower operation and maintenance costs: Traditional monitoring requires the simultaneous deployment of multiple sets of equipment such as thermocouples and pressure sensors, which not only increases system complexity and deployment costs, but also easily forms data silos, making later maintenance difficult. This solution adopts a highly integrated design. The acquisition layer realizes the integration of "temperature measurement + vibration measurement" functions through a distributed multimodal all-in-one machine. The transmission layer is based on the industrial Ethernet architecture and realizes unified data transmission with the help of standard interfaces such as TCP / IP and ModbusTCP, eliminating the need for separate wiring for multiple sets of equipment. The platform layer adopts a B / S architecture, supports multi-user hierarchical permission management and data storage for more than 2 years, which can reduce hardware procurement and maintenance costs. In practical applications, this solution can reduce the number of downtime maintenance by 2-3 times per year, reduce maintenance costs by about RMB 1.2 million, and extend the service life of the sootblower by 1-2 years, resulting in significant comprehensive economic benefits.

[0019] (5) Smarter operation and maintenance management, and more convenient human-computer interaction: Existing monitoring solutions mostly rely on on-site manual inspections, making it difficult for operation and maintenance personnel to obtain fault information in a timely manner, and data review and preventive maintenance lack data support. This solution builds an application layer architecture of "monitoring workstation + mobile app". The monitoring management software platform with a full Chinese interface supports functions such as real-time monitoring, alarm management, and trend analysis. Operation and maintenance personnel can receive alarm pushes, query equipment status, and provide feedback on handling results through the mobile terminal in real time, realizing closed-loop management of faults. At the same time, the system can generate temperature curves, vibration spectrum and alarm trend charts according to custom time intervals, providing data basis for equipment health status assessment and preventive maintenance, reducing the intensity of manual inspections and safety risks, and greatly improving the efficiency of operation and maintenance management. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steam soot blower leakage monitoring system based on adjustable fiber optic sensing according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sensing fiber optic installation tool of the present invention; Figure 3This is an auxiliary schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sensing fiber optic installation tool of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the linkage pressing and fixing mechanism of the sensing fiber installation tool of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an auxiliary schematic diagram illustrating the structural connection relationship of the linkage pressing and fixing mechanism of the sensing fiber optic installation tool of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection relationship of the angle adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0021] In the picture: 1. Steel strip; 11. Adjustment assembly; 12. Semi-circular support plate; 2. Linkage pressing and fixing mechanism; 21. Adjusting knob; 22. N-shaped plate; 23. Limiting slide cylinder; 24. Arc-shaped pressure plate; 25. Arc-shaped linkage hoop plate; 26. Sliding plate; 27. Return spring; 28. Pressure plate; 29. ​​Rubber pad; 3. Angle adjustment mechanism; 31. Adjusting nut; 32. Worm gear; 33. Worm wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] For an example, please refer to... Figures 1 to 8 As shown: To address the limitations of existing technical solutions in enabling real-time leak monitoring and mechanical fault detection in steam pipelines, this solution designs a steam sootblower leak monitoring system and method based on adjustable fiber optic sensing. The specific usage steps are as follows: Based on the problems found in existing technologies, for a 300MW coal-fired boiler, 108 steam soot blowers (including long telescopic, short telescopic, and fixed rotary types) are configured and distributed in areas such as the furnace, superheater, and economizer. During normal boiler operation, the soot blower operating temperature range is 50-120℃, and the instantaneous high temperature near the furnace can reach 350℃. The operating pressure is 1.2-1.6MPa, and there are high-frequency vibrations and fluctuations in operating conditions.

[0025] Traditional manual inspections were conducted once a month. In one instance, a minor leak at the welded joint of the inner pipe was not detected in time, leading to an expansion of the corrosion area on the pipe wall and a downtime repair loss of over 500,000 yuan. The original thermocouple monitoring system had a false alarm rate of 15% and could not locate the leak.

[0026] The specific steps for implementing this plan are as follows: Step 1: Select a special high-temperature resistant composite optical cable (PI high-temperature optical fiber + stainless steel braided mesh + PI outer sheath), lay it spirally along the pipe wall of 108 soot blowers, and cover it with SUS304 metal protective pipe.

[0027] The steel wire rope frame is fixed with detachable steel strips at 0.8-meter intervals, and the spacing is increased to 0.5 meters at bends in the furnace area. A 60-meter redundant section is reserved at the end of each layer of sootblower.

[0028] The optical cable fit is adjusted using a linkage pressing and fixing mechanism: the rotating adjustment torque drives the arc-shaped pressure plate to press the optical cable, the arc-shaped linkage clamp plate works with the rubber pad to buffer vibration, and the reset spring adapts to the pipe diameter deviation; the adjusting nut of the angle adjustment mechanism drives the worm gear to rotate, adjusting the installation angle of the optical cable to 30° to adapt to the curvature of the pipe in different areas.

[0029] Step two: Deployment of the acquisition layer and transmission layer; Two distributed multimodal integrated machines were installed in the boiler control room, integrating a Raman scattering temperature measurement module and a coherent Rayleigh scattering vibration demodulation module, with the working wavelength set to 1550nm, to simultaneously acquire temperature and vibration acoustic signals.

[0030] An industrial Ethernet architecture is used to build the transmission network, data transmission is achieved through the ModbusTCP interface, and a firewall is configured to achieve network isolation and prevent external interference.

[0031] Step 3: Building the platform layer and application layer; Deploy a monitoring and management software platform (B / S architecture, all-Chinese interface), enable modules such as real-time monitoring and alarm management, set up 3 levels of permissions for administrators and maintenance personnel, and configure a data storage server (storage duration of 3 years).

[0032] Install a monitoring workstation (8-core CPU, 32GB RAM, 2TB hard drive) and deploy a mobile app to ensure that maintenance personnel receive alarm information and check equipment status in real time.

[0033] III. Implementation of Monitoring Procedures 1. System calibration and initialization (corresponding to step S1) The temperature channel is calibrated at three temperature scales (0℃, 50℃, 150℃), mileage alignment is completed using preset reflection points, and the data signal-to-noise ratio is improved through a multi-pulse averaging mechanism.

[0034] Establish a zoned coding ledger for optical cables, dividing the area into 6 monitoring sections based on the distribution of soot blowers. Each section is assigned an independent coordinate number. Simultaneously, install fiber optic sensors in each monitoring area. Place steel strip 1 on the surface of the steam outer pipe, ensuring the semi-arc support plate 12 is in contact with the outer side of the optical fiber. Rotate the adjusting torque 21 of the linkage pressing and fixing mechanism 2, driving the limit slide cylinder 23 to press down the arc-shaped pressure plate 24. Simultaneously, the arc-shaped linkage clamp 25 tightens until the rubber pad 29 is completely in contact with the optical fiber and outer pipe. The fit is checked using a torque wrench, ensuring the pressure is ≤5 N / cm². 2 To avoid damage to optical fibers; The sliding plate 26 can press the pressure plate 28 above, causing the pressure plate 28 to rotate clockwise. The rotation of the pressure plate 28 will drive the arc-shaped linkage plate 25 to rotate synchronously. When the optical fiber is located in the middle of the arc-shaped pressure plate 24, the rotation of the arc-shaped pressure plate 24 and the arc-shaped linkage plate 25 can position and fix the outer surface of the optical fiber.

[0035] The adjusting nut 31 of the rotation angle adjustment mechanism 3, through the worm gear 32-worm wheel 33, finely adjusts the incident angle of the FBG sensor array to 15°. The angle can be adjusted according to specific installation requirements and calibrated according to the high temperature conditions of the boiler room to reduce the loss of scattered signals.

[0036] Real-time signal acquisition: The distributed multimodal integrated machine injects a laser pulse into the optical cable every 60 seconds, and simultaneously acquires Raman scattering temperature signal and Rayleigh scattering vibration sound signal. Based on the time domain reflection principle, the mileage coordinates of the measuring point are calculated, and the positioning accuracy reaches ±1m.

[0037] Data processing and anomaly detection: The data processing module filters and performs gradient analysis on the temperature signal, and dynamically corrects the detection threshold (response time 80ms) through an environmental adaptive compensation unit to eliminate interference from operating condition fluctuations. A multimodal fusion algorithm performs feature matching and confidence assessment on the data: A long telescopic sootblower exhibits "130℃ high temperature + 10-15kHz continuous broadband vibration," which is determined to be a steam leak; another fixed rotary sootblower exhibits "normal temperature + 5Hz periodic impact," which is determined to be a mechanical jamming. The system automatically generates an anomaly event number and record.

[0038] The early warning module triggers a level-two audible and visual alarm based on the leakage level. The leakage information is simultaneously transmitted to the sootblower PLC control system, which automatically shuts off the lifting valve of the faulty sootblower. Maintenance personnel receive alarm push notifications via a mobile app, arrive on-site within 15 minutes to handle the situation, and provide feedback through the platform after repairs. The system then archives the event, forming a closed-loop management system.

[0039] Temperature curves, vibration spectra, and alarm trend charts are generated weekly, and the data is exported for equipment health status assessment. Analysis revealed that the vibration frequency of sootblowers in a certain area was gradually increasing, prompting timely shutdown for maintenance and replacement of aging seals to prevent leakage accidents.

[0040] The final implementation effect of this embodiment is verified as follows: Monitoring accuracy: Steam leak location error ≤0.5m, false alarm rate reduced to 3%, stable operation time up to 99.8%, meeting design requirements.

[0041] Response efficiency: The average detection time for minor leaks is ≤3 minutes, which means that faults can be detected more than 24 hours earlier than traditional manual inspections.

[0042] Economic benefits: Reduces downtime for maintenance by 2-3 times per year, lowers maintenance costs by approximately 1.2 million yuan, and extends the service life of the sootblower by 1-2 years.

[0043] Please refer to the above work process. Figures 1 to 8 .

[0044] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0045] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A steam soot blower leakage monitoring system based on adjustable fiber optic sensing, characterized in that, include: The sensing layer is composed of a special high-temperature resistant composite optical cable. The optical cable adopts a composite structure of PI high-temperature optical fiber + stainless steel braided mesh + PI outer sheath. The long-term temperature resistance is not lower than 350℃. It is laid along the wall of the soot blower and covered with a metal protective tube of SUS304 material. It is fixed to the steel wire rope skeleton by a detachable steel strip (1) at a spacing of ≤1 meter. The spacing is increased to 0.8 meters at the bend. A ≥50-meter redundant section is reserved at the end of each layer of soot blower. The acquisition layer is a distributed multimodal integrated machine that integrates a Raman scattering temperature measurement module and a coherent Rayleigh scattering vibration demodulation module. It synchronously acquires temperature and vibration acoustic signals on the same measurement optical cable. The working wavelength is 1550±20nm, and it supports full coverage monitoring of 108 soot blowers in a single furnace. The transport layer adopts an industrial Ethernet architecture and uses TCP / IP, UDP protocols and ModbusTCP or OPC standard interfaces to achieve data transmission, and has network isolation and access control functions. The platform layer is a monitoring and management software platform, which adopts a B / S architecture and a fully Chinese interface. It includes modules for real-time monitoring, alarm management, trend analysis and operation and maintenance management. It supports multi-user hierarchical permissions and operation log tracking, and the data storage duration is no less than 2 years. The application layer includes a monitoring workstation and a mobile app. The workstation is equipped with a CPU with no less than 6 cores, 16GB of memory, and a 1TB hard drive. The app supports alarm push notifications, device status queries, task handling, and data synchronization.

2. The steam soot blower leakage monitoring system based on adjustable fiber optic sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The performance parameters of the distributed multimodal integrated machine in the acquisition layer meet the following requirements: temperature measurement range -20~+150℃, temperature measurement accuracy ≤±2℃, minimum response time ≤60s; vibration frequency response range 0.1Hz~20kHz, spatial resolution ≤1m, positioning accuracy ±1m, system false alarm rate ≤5%, and stable operation time ≥99.5%.

3. The steam soot blower leakage monitoring system based on adjustable fiber optic sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage pressing and fixing mechanism (2) includes an adjusting knob (21). An n-shaped plate (22) is rotatably mounted in the middle of the adjusting knob (21). The end of the n-shaped plate (22) away from the adjusting knob (21) is fixedly mounted on the semi-arc support plate (12). A limiting slide cylinder (23) is threadedly mounted on the middle of the adjusting knob (21) near the n-shaped plate (22). The outer surface of the limiting slide cylinder (23) is slidably mounted in the semi-arc support plate (12). An arc-shaped pressure plate (24) is fixedly mounted on the end of the limiting slide cylinder (23) away from the n-shaped plate (22). The lower surface of the arc-shaped pressure plate (24) is symmetrical in the middle. An arc-shaped linkage clamp plate (25) is rotatably installed. A sliding plate (26) is slidably installed at the middle of both ends of the arc-shaped pressure plate (24). An auxiliary groove is opened in the middle of the sliding plate (26). A return spring (27) is installed in the auxiliary groove of the sliding plate (26). One end of the return spring (27) is fixedly installed on the sliding plate (26), and the other end of the return spring (27) is fixedly installed on the arc-shaped pressure plate (24). A pressure plate (28) is fixedly installed at one end of the arc-shaped linkage clamp plate (25). A rubber pad (29) is fixedly installed at the end of the sliding plate (26) away from the pressure plate (28). The angle adjustment mechanism (3) includes an adjusting nut (31), both ends of which are rotatably mounted on a semi-arc support plate (12). A worm (32) is fixedly mounted in the middle of the adjusting nut (31). A worm wheel (33) is meshed on the tooth surface of the worm (32). The middle part of the worm wheel (33) is rotatably mounted on the semi-arc support plate (12). The outer surface of the limiting slide cylinder (23) is slidably mounted in the middle of the worm wheel (33).

4. The steam soot blower leakage monitoring system based on adjustable fiber optic sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module also includes an environmental adaptive compensation unit, which pre-stores a temperature-strain database for different operating conditions and can dynamically correct the detection threshold according to the operating status of the steam soot blower, with a correction response time ≤100ms.

5. The steam soot blower leakage monitoring system based on adjustable fiber optic sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an early warning module, which is electrically connected to the data processing module. It can output audible and visual alarm signals according to the leakage level and synchronously transmit the leakage information to the PLC unit of the sootblower operation control system to realize closed-loop control of leakage.

6. A method for monitoring leakage in a steam sootblower based on adjustable fiber optic sensing, applied to the steam sootblower leakage monitoring system based on adjustable fiber optic sensing as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, System Deployment: Divide the monitoring sections according to the distribution area of ​​the soot blowers, lay special high temperature resistant composite optical cables using a series topology, complete the installation and commissioning of distributed multimodal integrated machines, workstations and network equipment, and establish a ledger of optical cable partition codes and coordinate numbers; S2, Signal Acquisition: Laser pulses are injected into the optical cable through the distributed multimodal integrated machine, and Raman scattering temperature signal and Rayleigh scattering vibration sound pattern signal are acquired simultaneously. The mileage coordinates of the measuring point are calculated based on the time domain reflection principle. S3, Data Processing: Filter, slope correction and gradient analysis are performed on the collected temperature signal, and phase demodulation, frequency domain analysis and feature extraction are performed on the vibration sound pattern signal to establish a dataset with the same cable, coordinates and time reference. S4, Anomaly Detection: The processed data is analyzed using a multimodal fusion algorithm. If the conditions of "high temperature + continuous broadband vibration" are met, it is determined to be a steam leak; if the conditions of "normal temperature + periodic impact" are met, it is determined to be a mechanical jam. An anomaly event number and detailed record are generated. S5, Alarm Handling: The system triggers a tiered alarm and pushes it to relevant terminals. Maintenance personnel confirm the event, handle it on-site, and report the results through the platform or mobile terminal. The system automatically completes event archiving and closed-loop management. S6, Trend Analysis: Generates temperature curves, vibration spectra, and alarm trend charts according to custom time intervals, supports data export and equipment health status assessment, and provides a basis for preventive maintenance.

7. The method for monitoring leakage in a steam soot blower based on adjustable fiber optic sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multimodal fusion algorithm includes data preprocessing, feature matching, confidence assessment, and manual correction steps. It achieves accurate classification of fault types by establishing a dynamic data model and continuously optimizes the judgment accuracy.

8. The method for monitoring leakage in a steam soot blower based on adjustable fiber optic sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system deployment steps described in S1 also include calibrating the temperature channel at two or more points using temperature scales, aligning the mileage using preset reflection points, and improving the data signal-to-noise ratio through multi-pulse averaging, window overlay, and outlier removal mechanisms.

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