Repair design and effect monitoring evaluation method for spawning site in water-reducing river reach
By designing suitable spawning ground structures and employing multi-level monitoring methods, the problem of incomplete fish spawning ground restoration design in the reduced-water section was solved, achieving the satisfaction of fish reproductive needs and accurate evaluation of the effects.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for fish spawning ground restoration in reduced-water river sections fail to fully consider various factors when fish choose spawning grounds, and the effectiveness evaluation methods suffer from limited monitoring time and primitive means, resulting in poor restoration results.
When designing spawning grounds, the reproductive needs of fish are taken into account, including water depth, substrate, flow rate, flow rate and food. Artificial structures for spawning and juvenile rearing areas are constructed, and numerical simulation, no-human-interference and human-interference monitoring methods are used to evaluate the restoration effect.
To meet the reproductive needs of fish, shorten the time for artificial spawning grounds to transform into natural spawning grounds, provide accurate assessments of restoration effects, and protect fish resources.
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Figure CN121787089A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention mainly relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a river section with reduced water flow. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, while large-scale hydropower construction has promoted rapid economic development, it has also had a significant negative impact on river ecosystems, especially aquatic biological communities, with the impact on fish being particularly prominent. The construction of dams has altered the hydrological situation of rivers, especially in sections with reduced water flow, not only blocking fish migration routes but also leading to the fragmentation of fish habitats, resulting in a continuous reduction in the area of suitable fish habitats.
[0003] To mitigate the negative impacts of hydropower development on fish populations in reduced-flow river sections, comprehensive protection measures are commonly adopted both domestically and internationally, including habitat protection, rewilding and domestication, stock enhancement and release, construction of fish passage facilities, and ecological regulation. Among these measures, habitat protection provides native fish with the necessary habitats for their life cycle processes, such as feeding, spawning, and overwintering. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of river ecosystems and the biodiversity and genetic diversity of aquatic organisms, and is considered the most effective measure to mitigate the adverse effects of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Fish reproduction is vital for maintaining population numbers, and spawning grounds are key locations for completing the fish's life cycle. Damage to spawning grounds can have serious consequences for the survival of the entire fish population. Therefore, the restoration and effectiveness assessment of fish spawning grounds after the impact of engineering construction is of great significance for fish resource protection.
[0004] Currently, most fish spawning ground restoration efforts focus on three factors: water depth, substrate, and current velocity, to meet the reproductive needs of fish. However, according to effectiveness evaluations, the vast majority of restored spawning grounds have not achieved the expected results. This phenomenon may stem from two main problems: First, in terms of spawning ground design, in addition to water depth, substrate, and current velocity, fish may consider other factors when selecting spawning grounds, such as suitable flow rates and food resources. Second, in terms of effectiveness evaluation, methods relying on manual monitoring face limitations such as limited monitoring time and rudimentary monitoring techniques, making it impossible to comprehensively and accurately assess the effectiveness of spawning ground restoration.
[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a set of improvement measures to optimize the structural design and monitoring methods for spawning ground restoration, aiming to provide a comprehensive spawning ground restoration and effect evaluation scheme, and to provide effective technical support for the protection of wild fish resources. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a river section with reduced water flow. The purpose is to optimize the structural design and monitoring methods for spawning ground restoration and to provide a comprehensive spawning ground restoration and effect evaluation scheme.
[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems
[0008] A method for designing and monitoring the effectiveness of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section, the method comprising the following steps:
[0009] Step S1: Determine the target fish's breeding season, breeding needs, and food type;
[0010] Step S2: Design spawning ground parameters according to the needs of fish reproduction, foraging and raising young. The spawning ground parameters include spawning ground water depth, bottom sediment, flow velocity, flow rate and food.
[0011] Step S3: Construct an artificial spawning ground structure that includes a spawning area and a nursery area;
[0012] Step S4: Evaluate the restoration effect of the spawning grounds using numerical simulation, monitoring without human interference, and / or monitoring with human interference.
[0013] Furthermore, the spawning grounds are 0.2m-1.5m deep; the substrate is a mixture of pebbles and gravel, with the pebble diameter ranging from 1cm to 10cm; the flow velocity is 0.15m / s-1.5m / s; the flow rate is artificially generated during the breeding season through ecological scheduling of the hydropower station; the food includes algae, phytoplankton, zooplankton, or benthic invertebrates.
[0014] Furthermore, step S3 includes:
[0015] Deep pools are formed in the spawning ground river section, with the water level of the pools matching the water level during the breeding season of the target fish.
[0016] A gently sloping side was set up on the river side of the deep pool as a spawning area;
[0017] An outward-extending slope is constructed on the shore of the deep pool to form a backwater area for raising young animals.
[0018] Furthermore, the evaluation of the spawning grounds' effectiveness includes:
[0019] Numerical simulation method: Based on underwater topographic mapping results, the weighted available area is calculated using the in-channel flow increase method, and the calculated weighted available area is compared with the set weighted available area threshold.
[0020] Uninterrupted monitoring: Monitoring fish reproductive behavior and fish population through underwater video and manual harvesting;
[0021] Artificial disturbance monitoring: When there are no sexually mature fish in the reduced water flow section, the reproductive effect of the artificial spawning ground is evaluated by releasing tagged parent fish and tracking their behavior.
[0022] Furthermore, the artificial interference monitoring includes deploying fish-blocking nets and signal receivers in the reduced-water section of the river, and conducting tracking monitoring in conjunction with underwater video and manual fishing.
[0023] Furthermore, the numerical simulation method uses a comprehensive suitability index curve to calculate a suitability index including flow velocity, water depth, and bottom sediment. The weighted usable area is: ,in For the weighted usable area, The flow velocity suitability index, The water depth suitability index, The river channel suitability index For the horizontal area of a unit, The serial number of the spawning ground unit.
[0024] Furthermore, the target fish species are schizothorax fish, including the schizothorax with a wide mouth and the schizothorax with a wide mouth.
[0025] Furthermore, the artificial spawning ground constructed in step S3 is divided into a first spawning area and a second spawning area, which correspond to the breeding needs of the Qi-mouthed Schizothorax and the Chong-mouthed Schizothorax, respectively. Each area is equipped with independent parameters for water depth, bottom sediment, flow rate, food, and flow rate.
[0026] Furthermore, the first spawning zone has a water depth of 0.2m-0.5m and a flow velocity of 0.7m / s-1.5m / s; the second spawning zone has a water depth of 0.5m-1m and a flow velocity of 1.5m / s-2.5m / s.
[0027] Furthermore, the method also includes adding bait to the spawning grounds to attract fish and accelerate the transformation of artificial spawning grounds into natural spawning grounds.
[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0029] (1) This invention designs spawning ground parameters according to the needs of fish reproduction, foraging and raising young, constructs an artificial spawning ground structure including spawning area and raising young area, and uses numerical simulation, monitoring without artificial interference and / or monitoring with artificial interference to evaluate the restoration effect of spawning ground, providing suitable water depth, flow velocity, bottom sediment, flow rate, food and other conditions for artificial restoration of spawning ground, thus meeting the reproduction needs of fish;
[0030] (2) Artificial restoration of spawning grounds is an engineering measure. In the short term, the area lacks the natural food needed by fish. Adding food not only helps to accelerate the transformation of artificial spawning grounds into natural spawning grounds, but also mitigates the adverse effects of engineering measures. In addition, for wild fish, artificial spawning grounds are unfamiliar areas. Parent fish will not reproduce in unfamiliar areas. Adding food can effectively attract parent fish to feed, and further regard the area as their own territory, thus laying the foundation for reproduction.
[0031] (3) When designing the spawning ground, the breeding area and the nursery area are considered. The flow velocity on the riverside slope is relatively large, forming a breeding area with suitable water depth and flow velocity for fish. The slope of the bankside slope is relatively small, forming a gentle backwater area when the water flows through. This can provide a place for larvae and juveniles to move around, and also protect them from the scouring of the main river channel, ensuring a smooth transition for larvae and juveniles.
[0032] (4) In order to evaluate the design effect of the spawning ground, mature parent fish were released into the river section with no fish in the reduced water flow after the power station was built. The investigation and analysis were conducted to see if they could reproduce in the artificial spawning ground, so as to provide a new idea for restoring fish resources in the river section with reduced water flow after the power station was built. Attached Figure Description
[0033] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the spawning grounds;
[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the setup for monitoring the restoration effect of spawning grounds without human interference;
[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the setup for monitoring the restoration effect of spawning grounds under artificial interference. Detailed Implementation
[0036] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0037] Step S1: Determine the breeding season, breeding needs, and food type of the target fish species.
[0038] In this embodiment, taking the schizothorax as an example, the spawning grounds for the schizothorax 'Qikou' and schizothorax 'Shenkou' are selected and designed according to the reproductive requirements of the schizothorax 'Qikou' in high-water years and low-water years (the reproductive requirements of the schizothorax 'Qikou' in high-water years and low-water years are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively).
[0039] Table 1. Reproductive requirements of Schizothorax prenanti in high-water years
[0040]
[0041] Table 2. Reproductive requirements of Schizothorax prenanti in dry and normal water conditions.
[0042]
[0043] Step S2: Design spawning ground parameters according to the needs of fish reproduction, foraging and raising young. The spawning ground parameters include spawning ground water depth, bottom sediment, flow velocity, flow rate and food.
[0044] (1) Spawning site selection: The spawning site is divided into two areas: the first spawning area and the second spawning area. The first spawning area serves the schistosoma simonii, and the second spawning area serves the schistosoma terrestris. Based on the breeding season, breeding needs and food types of the schistosoma simonii and the schistosoma terrestris, suitable water depth, bottom sediment, flow rate, food and flow rate are set for the two areas respectively to meet the breeding needs of the two fish species.
[0045] The factors to consider when selecting a spawning site include: (1) Hydrological and geomorphological conditions: a shallow area next to a fast current in the river should be selected. The area should have a slow flow and shallow water, which can provide a stable environment for the attachment and hatching of fish eggs; the bottom substrate should be small-sized pebbles or gravel, which is suitable as a spawning substrate for fish; (2) Minimize ecological and environmental disturbance: the site should be located in an area with less human disturbance as much as possible to avoid the adverse effects of traffic noise and frequent human activities on fish reproductive behavior; (3) Resource and economic feasibility: there should be sufficient natural pebble resources available near the site to reduce engineering costs and environmental footprint; (4) Convenience of project implementation: the site should meet convenient construction conditions, including accessibility for equipment entry, material transportation and subsequent maintenance.
[0046] In this embodiment, the design of a spawning ground in the reduced-flow section of the Chosijia Hydropower Station is used as an example to further illustrate the invention. According to the survey, a natural spawning ground was discovered 3 km upstream of Ergali Township on the Chosijia River. This spawning ground is a slow-flowing shallow area formed by the difference in flow velocity after a sharp bend in the river. Located in the reduced-flow section between the dam site and the power plant site of the Chosijia Hydropower Station, this spawning ground is affected by the ecological regulation of the hydropower station. Approximately 50 m upstream of the natural spawning ground is a canyon section with a deep pool area, serving as a wintering ground for fish. Therefore, this natural spawning ground was selected for artificial restoration.
[0047] (2) Water depth: Based on historical data and previous aquatic ecological survey results, the water depth of the first spawning area is set at 0.2m-0.5m, and the water depth of the second spawning area is set at 0.5m-1m.
[0048] (3) The substrate in the first spawning zone is a mixture of pebbles and gravel (5:1), with pebbles having a particle size of approximately 30-120 mm. The substrate in the second spawning zone is composed of pebbles with a particle size of 60-200 mm. A suitable flow rate ensures rapid water exchange and provides sufficient dissolved oxygen for egg hatching.
[0049] (4) Flow velocity: The flow velocity in the first spawning zone is set to 0.7-1.5 m / s, and the flow velocity in the second spawning zone is set to 1.5-2.5 m / s.
[0050] (5) Bait: The main food of the Qi-mouthed Schizothorax is attached algae, mainly diatoms. The Chong-mouthed Schizothorax prefers to eat benthic invertebrates, mayflies and caddisflies.
[0051] (6) Flow rate: Flow rate is the most important factor for fish reproduction. Calculations show that after the completion of the Chosijia Dam, the flow rate in the river channel will be reduced to about 30% of the natural flow rate. This huge flow rate difference will not only expose the spawning grounds of fish in the river channel, but may also make it difficult for fish to migrate upstream to the spawning grounds in the reduced-flow section. To promote fish reproduction, artificial flood peaks will be created through the ecological scheduling of the power station during the fish breeding season to stimulate the rapid development of fish gonads and encourage them to migrate upstream to spawn. The breeding season of the Schizothorax fasciatus is from August to September, which is during the flood season of the Chosijia River. Combined with the operation and scheduling of the power station, the breeding needs of the Schizothorax fasciatus can be met. The breeding season of the Schizothorax schizophreniae is from May to June. Therefore, the natural flow rate before the construction of the project in the reduced-flow section will be selected in April and May to meet the breeding needs of the Schizothorax schizophreniae.
[0052] Step S3: Construct an artificial spawning ground structure that includes a spawning area and a nursery area.
[0053] (1) Spawning area of Schizothorax prenanti: Artificial spawning areas for Schizothorax prenanti are suitable for constructing artificial beaches. For example Figure 1 As shown, the left bank beach was modified, and a B-type gabion with a length of 113.88m was placed in the center of the site along the river axis. The top elevation of the section from BⅠ-0+000.00 to BⅠ-0+107.88 was 0.5m lower than the high water level during the fish passage season. The top elevation of the section from BⅠ-0+107.88 to BⅠ-0+113.88 decreased in a stepped manner, and the tail end connected with the elevation of the filling layer of the feeding area.
[0054] On both sides of the B-type gabion, gravel slope filling areas are set up. The slope on the riverside starts from the top edge of the B-type gabion on the riverside and extends diagonally downward to the river channel. The elevation of the foot of the slope is 1m lower than the low water level during the fish passage season. To ensure the structural stability of this slope, the edge is reinforced with C-type steel gabions with dimensions of 1m×1m×1m. The top of the gabion is at the same elevation as the foot of the slope. The slope on the adjacent slope starts from the top edge of the B-type gabion on the adjacent slope and extends diagonally downward to the slope side. The horizontal projection length of the slope filling area is 6.5m. This slope filling area and the slope excavation face form a fish larval breeding area.
[0055] The above describes the two gravel-filled areas for the spawning grounds of the *Schizothorax schistosomiasis*: the spawning area is located on the river side, and the juvenile rearing area is located on the slope side. The total area of the filled areas is 1882 m². 2 The thickness is 300mm. The substrate consists of sand (including fine sand and very small gravel) and medium-sized gravel, with a small amount of large gravel or rock mixed in. The sand accounts for 70% and the gravel accounts for 30%. Among the gravel, small gravel with a diameter of less than 3cm accounts for 67% and coarse gravel with a diameter of 5-10cm accounts for 33%.
[0056] The starting point of the spawning area for the Qikou Schizothorax is subject to the strongest erosion by the water flow. To enhance the spawning ground structure's ability to resist flood erosion, a trapezoidal permeable weir is constructed at this location. A-type reinforced gabions, 2m high, are stacked on three sides of the outer edge of the trapezoidal permeable weir, with the inner sides integrated with the slope. In the A-type gabion I-I section, the area between the two gabion sections is backfilled with sand and gravel, with the top elevation 200mm lower than the top of the gabion. Bricks are placed in a quincunx pattern at 3m intervals on the top of the backfilled area. The A-type gabion II-II section is a longitudinal section; the top elevation of the first 15.5m section is 0.5m higher than the high water level during the fish migration season, while the top elevation of the last 6m section decreases in a stepped manner, connecting with the top elevation of the C-type gabion at the end.
[0057] Material selection for permeable weirs: According to the "Technical Specification for Aquatic Habitat Protection" (NB / T10485-2021), gabion mesh or concrete are recommended materials for permeable weirs. Compared to concrete, gabion mesh is more environmentally friendly, and its permeability is beneficial for creating diverse habitats in local river sections. Therefore, gabion mesh is recommended for constructing permeable weirs.
[0058] (2) Spawning area of Schizothorax bream: 25m downstream of the spawning area of Schizothorax bream, a spawning area of Schizothorax bream is set up. Along the river axis, a B-type gabion with a length of 101.03m is set up in the center of the site. The top elevation of the section BⅡ-0+000.00~ BⅡ-0+004.00 rises in a stepped manner. The starting point connects with the elevation of the filling layer of the feeding area. The top elevation of the section BⅡ-0+004.00~ BⅡ-0+101.03 is 0.5m lower than the high water level during the fish passage season.
[0059] On both sides of the B-type gabion, gravel slope filling areas are set up. The slope on the riverside starts from the top edge of the B-type gabion on the riverside and extends diagonally downward to the river channel. The elevation of the foot of the slope is 1m lower than the low water level during the fish passage season. To ensure the structural stability of this slope, the edge is reinforced with C-type steel gabions with dimensions of 1m×1m×1m. The top of the gabion is at the same elevation as the foot of the slope. The slope on the adjacent slope starts from the top edge of the B-type gabion on the adjacent slope and extends diagonally downward to the slope side. The horizontal projection length of the slope filling area is 6.5m. This slope filling area and the slope excavation face form a fish larval breeding area.
[0060] The above describes the two gravel-filled areas for the spawning grounds of the Schizothorax bream: the spawning area is located on the river side, and the juvenile rearing area is located on the slope side. The total area of the filled areas is 2174 m². 2 The thickness is 300mm. The substrate consists of sand (including fine sand and very small gravel) and medium-sized gravel, with a small amount of large gravel or rock mixed in. The sand accounts for 10% and the gravel accounts for 90%. Among the gravel, small gravel with a diameter of less than 3cm accounts for 22% and coarse gravel with a diameter of 5-10cm accounts for 78%.
[0061] (3) Foraging area: The area between the spawning areas of the common schizothorax and the schizothorax brevis, without the installation of type B gabions, type C gabions, or side lines along the slope. The upstream area connects to the spawning area of the common schizothorax, and the downstream area connects to the spawning area of the schizothorax brevis. The middle area forms a natural slope with a cross slope of 0% to 1.9%. A gravel filling area is set up in this area, with a total filling area of 410m². 2 The thickness is 300mm. The substrate consists of sand (including fine sand and very small gravel) and medium-sized gravel, with a small amount of large gravel or boulders mixed in. The sand accounts for 60% and the gravel accounts for 40%. Among the gravel, small gravel with a diameter of less than 3cm accounts for 75% and coarse gravel with a diameter of 5-10cm accounts for 25%.
[0062] Step S4: Evaluate the restoration effect of the spawning grounds using numerical simulation, monitoring without human interference, and / or monitoring with human interference.
[0063] Numerical simulation method: Based on the underwater topographic survey results of the habitat, the inflow increment method (IFIM) is used. It assumes that water depth, substrate, and flow velocity are the main factors affecting species abundance and distribution. Using the suitability of water depth, substrate, and flow velocity obtained from previous spawning ground surveys, a comprehensive suitability index (CSI) curve (range 0.0~1.0) is plotted. This numerical simulation method uses the CSI curve to calculate the habitat suitability index, including flow velocity, water depth, and substrate. The weighted usable area is: ,in For the weighted usable area, The flow velocity suitability index, The water depth suitability index, The river channel suitability index For the horizontal area of a unit, The serial number of the spawning ground unit.
[0064] Monitoring the effect of spawning ground restoration under undisturbed conditions: To evaluate the effect of artificially restored spawning grounds in the reduced-flow section of the river, based on the aquatic ecological survey results of the reduced-flow section after the power station's operation, if sexually mature target fish species are present in the reduced-flow section, then... Figure 2As shown, underwater video surveillance was deployed in the artificial spawning grounds of the river, and fish resource surveys were conducted regularly, mainly focusing on early-stage fish resource surveys.
[0065] Monitoring the effect of spawning ground restoration under artificial disturbance conditions: If there are no sexually mature target fish species in the reduced-water section, then... Figure 3 As shown, fish-blocking nets were deployed at the tailrace of the power plant to restrict the activity range of breeding broodstock. Then, sexually mature broodstock of *Schizothorax simonii* and *Schizothorax tridentata*, caught in other river sections or cultured at propagation stations, were released into the spawning grounds. The reproductive effectiveness was assessed using fish tracking tags, underwater video, and manual harvesting monitoring. Fish tracking tags required the deployment of multiple signal receivers in the reduced-flow section. The tags on the fish were used to determine their specific location in the reduced-flow section, analyze their habitat preferences in the natural river section, and, combined with manual harvesting and underwater video monitoring, observe whether they were engaging in reproductive activities.
Claims
1. A method for designing and monitoring the effectiveness of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Determine the breeding season, breeding needs, and food type of the target fish species; Step S2: Design spawning ground parameters according to the needs of fish reproduction, foraging and raising young. The spawning ground parameters include spawning ground water depth, bottom sediment, flow velocity, flow rate and food. Step S3: Construct an artificial spawning ground structure that includes a spawning area and a nursery area; Step S4: Evaluate the restoration effect of the spawning grounds using numerical simulation, monitoring without human interference, and / or monitoring with human interference.
2. The method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spawning grounds are 0.2m-1.5m deep; the bottom is a mixture of pebbles and gravel, with the pebbles having a diameter of 1cm-10cm; the flow velocity is 0.15m / s-1.5m / s; the flow rate is artificially generated during the breeding season through ecological scheduling of hydropower stations; the food includes algae, phytoplankton, zooplankton, or benthic invertebrates.
3. The method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: Deep pools are formed in the spawning ground river sections, with the water level of the pools matching the water level during the breeding season of the target fish. A gently sloping side was set up on the river side of the deep pool as a spawning area; An outward-extending slope is constructed on the shore of the deep pool to form a backwater area for raising young children.
4. The method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaluation of the effectiveness of the spawning grounds includes: Numerical simulation method: Based on underwater topographic mapping results, the weighted available area is calculated using the in-channel flow increase method, and the calculated weighted available area is compared with the set weighted available area threshold. Uninterrupted monitoring: Monitoring fish reproductive behavior and fish population through underwater video and manual harvesting; Artificial disturbance monitoring: When there are no sexually mature fish in the reduced water flow section, the reproductive effect of the artificial spawning ground is evaluated by releasing tagged parent fish and tracking their behavior.
5. The method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section according to claim 4, characterized in that, The artificial interference monitoring includes setting up fish-blocking nets and signal receivers in the reduced-water section of the river, and conducting tracking monitoring in conjunction with underwater video and manual fishing.
6. The method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section according to claim 1, characterized in that, The numerical simulation method uses a comprehensive suitability index curve to calculate a suitability index including flow velocity, water depth, and bottom sediment. The weighted usable area is: ,in For the weighted usable area, The flow velocity suitability index, The water depth suitability index, The river channel suitability index For the horizontal area of a unit, The serial number of the spawning ground unit.
7. A method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The target fish species are schizothorax fish, including the schizothorax with a wide mouth and the schizothorax with a wide mouth.
8. The method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section according to claim 7, characterized in that, The artificial spawning ground constructed in step S3 is divided into a first spawning area and a second spawning area, which correspond to the breeding needs of the Qi-mouthed Schizothorax and the Chong-mouthed Schizothorax, respectively. Each area is equipped with independent parameters for water depth, bottom sediment, flow rate, food and flow rate.
9. The method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first spawning zone has a water depth of 0.2m-0.5m and a flow velocity of 0.7m / s-1.5m / s; the second spawning zone has a water depth of 0.5m-1m and a flow velocity of 1.5m / s-2.5m / s.
10. The method for designing and monitoring the effects of spawning ground restoration in a reduced-water river section according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes adding bait to the spawning grounds to attract fish and accelerate the transformation of artificial spawning grounds into natural spawning grounds.