Ecological compensation method based on ecological system service value space circulation

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological compensation method based on ecological system service value space circulation, and belongs to the technical field of ecological system service value space circulation and ecological compensation research. The method comprises the steps of ecosystem service value circulation evaluation with water as a medium, ecosystem service value circulation evaluation with air as a medium, ecosystem service value circulation total amount calculation and cross-regional transverse ecological compensation quota accounting. Based on an ecological system service value accounting result, a watershed hydrological model and an atmospheric environment quality model are introduced, a spatial circulation technical method system of the ecological system service value is established, and according to an ecological compensation theory framework, accurate quantification of spatial circulation of the ecological system service value and regional transverse ecological compensation is realized. According to the method, the subjectivity and fuzziness of a traditional compensation standard are effectively overcome, the landing problem that who benefits and who compensates is solved, and reliable technical support is provided for formulation and implementation of a transverse ecological compensation mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of research technology on spatial transfer of ecosystem service value and ecological compensation, specifically involving an ecological compensation method based on spatial transfer of ecosystem service value. Background Technology

[0002] The calculation of regional ecological compensation amounts is a key and challenging aspect of the implementation of the ecological compensation mechanism, and its scientific validity and rationality directly affect the effectiveness of the ecological compensation policy.

[0003] Currently, methods for calculating ecological compensation amounts are mainly based on ecological protection costs, willingness-to-pay surveys, and the value of ecosystem services. However, these methods often suffer from strong subjectivity and unclear standards. For example, ecosystem services are primarily transferred spatially through media such as water and the atmosphere, and follow the law of distance decay. However, existing methods rarely fundamentally determine compensation standards by discussing the quantity of spatial transfer of ecosystem services, making it difficult to accurately address core issues such as "who compensates, who receives compensation, and how much compensation." Technically, while existing research has introduced hydrological models (such as HSPF and SWAT) and atmospheric models to simulate ecological processes, these focus primarily on local assessments and lack a systematic quantification of the value of cross-regional transfers. Furthermore, although the constituent elements of spatial transfer of ecosystem services have been defined, the determination of transfer paths and flows still relies on simplified assumptions and lacks empirical support.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical method that can comprehensively quantify the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value in order to overcome subjectivity and bias and achieve scientific and precise cross-regional ecological compensation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issues of strong subjectivity and unclear standards in traditional ecological compensation methods, the primary objective of this invention is to provide an ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value. This innovatively integrates the spatial transfer mechanism of ecosystem services into compensation calculations and is applicable to the determination of standards, scope, and mechanisms for horizontal ecological compensation within or across regions.

[0006] The second objective of this invention is to provide the application of the ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value in determining the ecological compensation standard for cross-municipal watersheds.

[0007] The first objective of this invention is achieved by the following steps: S1. Assessment of the transfer of ecosystem service value mediated by water: S101. Assign values ​​to the ecosystem service functions of the target watershed and calculate the value of the ecosystem service functions of each sub-watershed. S102. Divide the regions where each sub-basin is located and calculate the value of ecosystem services transferred through water as the medium. S103. Based on the watershed flow direction, calculate the destination of ecosystem services transferred through water in each region. S2. Assessment of the transfer of ecosystem service value mediated by air: S201. Establish a box-type atmospheric environmental quality model and determine the ideal transfer radius of ecosystem service functions in each region; S202. Calculate the actual circulation radius of ecosystem service functions in each region in the wind direction; S203. Based on the actual transfer radius calculated in step S202, the radiation distance of each ecosystem service function is obtained. In this way, the total value of ecosystem services transferred in each wind direction is calculated, and the transfer value and transfer destination of ecosystem services in each region are determined. Based on the different spatial transfer media, steps S1 and S2 of this invention propose a method for the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value using water as a medium by constructing a watershed hydrological model, and step S2 proposes a method for the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value using air as a medium by constructing an atmospheric environmental quality model. S3. Calculation of total ecosystem service value transfer: The ecosystem service transfer value of each region with water as the medium calculated in step S1 and the ecosystem service transfer value of each region with air as the medium calculated in step S2 are summed to obtain the total ecosystem service value transfer of each region. S4. Calculation of cross-regional horizontal ecological compensation amount: Based on the spatial transfer value of cross-regional ecosystem service functions, calculate the total inflow and outflow of ecosystem service value in each region. According to the ecological compensation theoretical framework and the basic principle of "whoever benefits, compensates", determine the net amount of cross-regional horizontal ecological compensation.

[0008] Preferably, the ecosystem service functions of step S1 are soil and water conservation, water source conservation, and water purification.

[0009] Preferably, step S101 assigns values ​​to the ecosystem service functions of the target watershed, specifically by constructing a watershed hydrological model to simulate the runoff of each sub-watershed; Step S101 calculates the value of ecosystem service functions for each sub-basin. The specific process involves calculating the water supply ratio between upstream and downstream sub-basins using the following formula:

[0010] In the formula, R2 represents the ratio of water resources provided by sub-basin R1 to sub-basin R2 to R1; R3 represents the ratio of water resources provided by sub-basin R1 to sub-basin R3 through sub-basin R2 to R1; and Rn represents the ratio of water resources provided by sub-basin R1 to sub-basin Rn through sub-basins R2, R3, ..., Rn-1 in sequence to sub-basin Rn. Then calculate the transfer of ecosystem service value between each sub-basin; In step S102, the transfer volume of ecosystem service value in each sub-basin within each region is summed to obtain the total inflow and outflow of ecosystem service value in each region, which is the transfer value of ecosystem services with water as the medium.

[0011] Preferably, after step S103, regions with the same flow direction are merged to obtain the total spatial transfer of ecosystem service value across regions.

[0012] Preferably, the ecosystem service functions of the S2 step are carbon sequestration and oxygen release, air purification, and climate regulation.

[0013] This method treats the study area as a hemisphere, where the ecosystem provides more oxygen and other services than the external environment. It assumes that the ecosystem's service value diffuses within this hemisphere to the same concentration as in the external environment; this diffusion range is then determined, and the distance of diffusion is the ecosystem service value transfer radius. Following the basic assumptions of the box model, the S201 box-type atmospheric environmental quality model is used to calculate the ideal transfer radius of ecosystem services in each region, as shown in the following formula:

[0014] In the formula, Let C be the oxygen content in the air, C be the oxygen content provided by the study area, and R be the ideal flow radius; when measuring the flow radius for air purification, The corresponding values ​​for ambient air quality standards are based on the concentration limits of the secondary standards for various pollutants (residential areas, mixed commercial and traffic residential areas, cultural areas, industrial areas, and rural areas).

[0015] The degree of influence of a subject on an object in a certain direction is related to the amount of ecosystem service function and the frequency of wind direction in that direction. Wind speed and wind direction are the main factors determining the direction of ecosystem service flow, and both wind direction and wind speed can be visually represented by a rose diagram. Therefore, the specific process of calculating the actual flow radius of ecosystem services in each region under wind direction in step S202 is as follows: wind direction observation is carried out in 8 or 16 directions, the number of occurrences of each direction in each direction is calculated over a cumulative period, and the wind direction frequency in each direction is calculated. The wind direction frequency points in each direction are plotted on the azimuth coordinate system, and the points are connected in sequence with straight lines to obtain the wind rose diagram. The center of the circle represents the calm wind frequency, and the length of the line segment represents the frequency of occurrence of the wind direction in that direction. The higher the frequency, the more frequent the wind activity in that direction. The ideal flow radius R is combined with the wind direction frequency in each direction, and the actual flow radius is determined by weighting or proportional relationships. The actual flow radius in a certain direction... i Represented as:

[0016] In the formula, f i For direction i wind direction frequency, f 总 The total frequency (usually taken as 100% or a normalized value) reflects the driving effect of wind on service flow; the higher the frequency, the larger the actual flow radius. ArcGIS tools are used to visualize the actual flow radius in each direction and generate a radiation range map.

[0017] Preferably, the specific process for calculating the radiation distance of each ecosystem service function in step S203 is as follows: subtract the actual radius of the district / county from the calculated actual circulation radius. If the difference is positive, it indicates that under the influence of wind direction, wind speed, and circulation radius, this service function can radiate to downstream areas.

[0018] Preferably, step S4 determines the net amount of cross-regional horizontal ecological compensation based on the ecological compensation theoretical framework, using the following formula: Net compensation amount = Amount received as an object The amount paid by the subject refers to the value of ecosystem services with a clear spatial flow direction; the amount obtained as an object refers to the value of ecosystem services transferred from the ecosystem service supply area to other areas; and the amount paid by the subject refers to the value of ecosystem services transferred from external areas enjoyed by the ecosystem service beneficiary area.

[0019] The second objective of this invention is achieved by focusing on the calculation of ecological compensation between municipal districts covered by watersheds, and determining the cross-municipal watershed ecological compensation standard, i.e., the cross-regional horizontal ecological compensation amount, based on the ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: 1. This invention integrates a watershed hydrological model and a box-type atmospheric environmental quality model to achieve precise quantification of the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value in both water and air media, overcoming the limitations of single-media assessment in traditional methods. By outputting objective data through the model, errors in transfer value are reduced, significantly improving the scientific nature and repeatability of compensation amounts, thus providing a reliable technical foundation for ecological compensation.

[0021] 2. This invention advances the ecological compensation standard from "qualitative estimation" to "quantitative calculation" through transfer value accounting. It solves the core problem of "who compensates and how much" in a data-driven manner, avoiding the subjectivity and regional economic differences that rely on expert scoring or questionnaires in traditional methods. It ensures the fairness and objectivity of compensation, and makes the compensation results entirely based on transfer value, eliminating the bias caused by human intervention.

[0022] 3. Taking the Dianchi Lake Basin as an example, this invention verifies the operability and effectiveness of the method in complex areas. The entire process, from data input to compensation output, can be integrated into software, which lowers the implementation threshold and enables grassroots departments to directly apply it without complicated adjustments. This provides efficient technical support for the implementation of ecological compensation policies and promotes a smooth transition from theory to practice.

[0023] 4. By introducing a spatial transfer mechanism, this invention promotes an innovative shift in ecological compensation from "static assessment" to "dynamic transfer." It not only solves the technical bottleneck in determining compensation amounts but also promotes the coordination between ecological protection and economic development, possessing broad academic and policy value. This method can be replicated and extended to other key ecological function zones, providing a practical toolkit for ecological civilization construction and assisting in the formulation and implementation of the national ecological compensation mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 For Example 1, the oxygen circulation radius (in kilometers) in each district and county in 16 wind directions; Figure 3 The radius (in kilometers) of cooling and humidification in each district and county of Example 1 in 16 wind directions; Figure 4 For Example 1, the SO2 circulation radius (in kilometers) in each district and county in 16 wind directions; Figure 5 The NOx circulation radius (in kilometers) in 16 wind directions for each district and county in Example 1. Figure 6 Example 1 shows the circulation radius (in kilometers) of industrial dust in each district and county in 16 wind directions. Figure 7 Example 1 shows the radiation distance of various ecosystem service functions in Wuhua District; Figure 8 Example 1: Radiation distance of various ecosystem service functions in Xishan District; Figure 9 Example 1: Radiation distance of various ecosystem service functions in Guandu District; Figure 10 Example 1 shows the radiation distance of various ecosystem service functions in Jinning District; Figure 11 Example 1 shows the radiation distance of various ecosystem service functions in Chenggong District; Figure 12 Example 1: The radiation distance of various ecosystem service functions in Panlong District; Figure 13 This is a flow diagram of ecosystem service functions mediated by air in each region of Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or substitutions made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Example

[0026] This embodiment takes the Dianchi Lake Basin in Yunnan Province as an example, focusing on the calculation of ecological compensation among the six districts and counties covered by the basin (Wuhua District, Panlong District, Guandu District, Xishan District, Chenggong District, and Jinning District). It aims to provide a scientific basis for horizontal ecological compensation by quantifying the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value.

[0027] As attached Figures 1-2 As shown, the ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1. Assessment of the transfer of ecosystem service value mediated by water: S101. Based on ArcGIS 10.3, the soil and water conservation function and water source conservation function of each sub-basin of Dianchi Lake were assigned values. The value of the ecosystem service function of each sub-basin was calculated according to the accounting method of ecosystem service value. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Water conservation value and soil and water conservation value of each sub-basin (in 100 million yuan)

[0028] Step S101 assigns values ​​to the ecosystem service functions of the target watershed. Specifically, this is done by constructing a watershed hydrological model to simulate the runoff of each sub-watershed. Step S101 calculates the value of the ecosystem service functions of each sub-watershed and then calculates the transfer of ecosystem service value between each sub-watershed. The specific process is as follows: the water supply ratio between upstream and downstream sub-watersheds is calculated using the following formula:

[0029] In the formula, R2 represents the ratio of water resources provided by sub-basin R1 to sub-basin R2 to R1; R3 represents the ratio of water resources provided by sub-basin R1 to sub-basin R3 through sub-basin R2 to R1; and Rn represents the ratio of water resources provided by sub-basin R1 to sub-basin Rn through sub-basins R2, R3, ..., Rn-1 in sequence to sub-basin Rn. S102. Divide the sub-basins into regions (i.e. administrative regions) and calculate the value of ecosystem services transferred through water. Specifically, sum the value of ecosystem services transferred through sub-basins in each administrative region to obtain the total inflow and outflow of ecosystem services in each administrative region. This is the value of ecosystem services transferred through water. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2. Value of Water Conservation and Soil and Water Conservation Transfer in Each Sub-basin (100 Million Yuan)

[0030] S103. Based on the watershed flow direction, calculate the destination of water-mediated ecosystem services in each administrative region; S104. Merge administrative regions with the same flow direction to obtain the total spatial transfer of ecosystem service value across administrative regions. The results are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Destination of Ecological Assets in Various Administrative Regions (in RMB 100 Million)

[0031] After merging administrative regions with the same flow direction, the final results show that the total spatial transfer of ecosystem service value from Panlong District to Guandu District is RMB 1.074 billion, from Panlong District to Wuhua District is RMB 312 million, from Jinning District to Chenggong District is RMB 128 million, from Guandu District to Chenggong District is RMB 249 million, from Wuhua District to Xishan District is RMB 413 million, from Xishan District to Jinning District is RMB 25 million, and from Xishan District to Guandu District is RMB 33 million. S2. Assessment of the transfer of ecosystem service value mediated by air: S201. Establish a box-type atmospheric environmental quality model to determine the ideal transfer radius of ecosystem service functions in each district and county of the Dianchi Lake basin. Ecosystem service functions include carbon sequestration and oxygen release, air purification, and climate regulation. The S201 box-type atmospheric environmental quality model is used to determine the ideal transfer radius of ecosystem services in each administrative region, using the following formula:

[0032] In the formula, The oxygen content in the air is taken as 310 mg / L, C is the oxygen content provided by the region, and R is the ideal flow radius; S202. Due to the influence of wind direction, wind speed, and wind radius, it is necessary to calculate the actual wind radius to determine whether the ecosystem service functions in each wind direction can radiate downstream. Using the buffer analysis function in ArcGIS's neighborhood analysis, the actual radiation range (actual wind radius) of ecosystem services in each district / county in 16 wind directions is obtained. When the ideal wind radius is greater than the actual wind radius, it indicates that this service function can provide corresponding services to downstream areas. The specific process for calculating the ecosystem service functions of each administrative region in each wind direction is as follows: Wind direction observations are conducted in 8 or 16 directions. The cumulative number of occurrences of each wind direction in each direction is calculated, and the wind direction frequency in each direction is calculated. The wind direction frequency points in each direction are plotted on the azimuth coordinate system, and the points are connected sequentially with straight lines to obtain the wind rose diagram. The center of the circle represents the calm wind frequency, and the length of the line segment represents the frequency of occurrence of the wind direction in that direction. The higher the frequency, the more frequent the wind activity in that direction. The ideal wind radius R is combined with the wind direction frequency in each direction, and the actual wind radius is determined through weighted or proportional relationships. The actual circulation radius in a certain direction i It can be represented as:

[0033] In the formula, f i For direction i wind direction frequency, f 总 This represents the total frequency (usually taken as 100% or a normalized value). This step reflects the driving effect of wind on service flow; the higher the frequency, the larger the actual flow radius. See the results below. Figures 2-6 ; S203. Based on the actual transfer radius calculated in step S202, the radiation distance of each ecosystem service function is obtained. This is used to calculate the total transfer value of ecosystem services in each wind direction, and to determine the transfer value and destination of ecosystem services in each administrative region. Results Figures 7-13 and Tables 4 to 8; Table 4. Total Climate Regulation Transfer Amount (Ten Thousand Yuan) for Each District and County

[0034] Table 5. Total amount of carbon sequestration and oxygen release in each district and county (ten thousand yuan)

[0035] Table 6. Total Air Purification Circulation in Each District and County (Ten Thousand Yuan)

[0036] Table 7. Ecosystem service value (in ten thousand yuan) circulated by air in each administrative region

[0037] Table 8. Flow of Ecosystem Service Value Through Air as a Medium

[0038] S3. Calculation of total value transfer of ecosystem services: The value transfer of ecosystem services with water as the medium in each administrative region calculated in step S1 and the value transfer of ecosystem services with air as the medium in each administrative region calculated in step S2 are summed to obtain the total value transfer of ecosystem services in each administrative region. The results are shown in Table 9. Table 9 Total Value Transfer of Ecosystem Services (100 Million Yuan)

[0039] S4. Calculation of Cross-Regional Horizontal Ecological Compensation: Based on the spatial transfer value of cross-regional ecosystem service functions, the total inflow and outflow of ecosystem service value in each administrative region are calculated. According to the ecological compensation theoretical framework and the basic principle of "whoever benefits, compensates," the net amount of cross-regional horizontal ecological compensation is determined. Net compensation amount = amount received as an object. As the main payment amount; a positive value indicates that the district / county is a net beneficiary and should receive compensation; a negative value indicates that the net payer should pay compensation; the results are shown in Table 10; Table 10. Net Amount of Cross-Regional Ecological Compensation (100 Million Yuan)

[0040] The case study of the Dianchi Lake Basin demonstrates that the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value can be precisely quantified, providing a scientific and operational quantitative basis for horizontal ecological compensation. This method successfully reveals the differences in value transfer patterns dominated by different media (water and air)—Panlong District primarily provides 1.386 billion yuan in service value through water, while Guandu District primarily transfers 243 million yuan in value through air. The final calculated total transfer amount for each district and county clearly defines the "ecological contribution" of each region, thus providing direct data support for answering the core question of "who compensates and how much," breaking through the bottleneck of vague traditional compensation standards.

Claims

1. An ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Assessment of the transfer of ecosystem service value mediated by water: S101. Assign values ​​to the ecosystem service functions of the target watershed and calculate the value of the ecosystem service functions of each sub-watershed. S102. Divide the regions where each sub-basin is located and calculate the value of ecosystem services transferred through water as the medium. S103. Based on the watershed flow direction, calculate the destination of ecosystem services transferred through water in each region. S2. Assessment of the transfer of ecosystem service value mediated by air: S201. Establish a box-type atmospheric environmental quality model and determine the ideal transfer radius of ecosystem service functions in each region; S202. Calculate the actual circulation radius of ecosystem service functions in each region in the wind direction; S203. Based on the actual transfer radius calculated in step S202, the radiation distance of each ecosystem service function is obtained. In this way, the total value of ecosystem services transferred in each wind direction is calculated, and the transfer value and transfer destination of ecosystem services in each region are determined. S3. Calculation of total ecosystem service value transfer: The ecosystem service transfer value of each region with water as the medium calculated in step S1 and the ecosystem service transfer value of each region with air as the medium calculated in step S2 are summed to obtain the total ecosystem service value transfer of each region. S4. Calculation of cross-regional horizontal ecological compensation amount: Based on the spatial transfer value of cross-regional ecosystem service functions, calculate the total inflow and outflow of ecosystem service value in each region, and determine the net amount of cross-regional horizontal ecological compensation according to the ecological compensation theoretical framework.

2. The ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value according to claim 1, characterized in that... The S1 step ecosystem service functions are soil and water conservation, water source conservation, and water purification.

3. The ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value according to claim 1, characterized in that... Step S101 assigns values ​​to the ecosystem service functions of the target watershed, specifically by constructing a watershed hydrological model to simulate the runoff of each sub-watershed. Step S101 calculates the value of ecosystem service functions for each sub-basin. The specific process involves calculating the water supply ratio between upstream and downstream sub-basins using the following formula: ； In the formula, R2 represents the ratio of water resources provided by sub-basin R1 to sub-basin R2 to R1; R3 represents the ratio of water resources provided by sub-basin R1 to sub-basin R3 through sub-basin R2 to R1; and Rn represents the ratio of water resources provided by sub-basin R1 to sub-basin Rn through sub-basins R2, R3, ..., Rn-1 in sequence to sub-basin Rn. Then calculate the transfer of ecosystem service value between each sub-basin; In step S102, the transfer volume of ecosystem service value in each sub-basin within each region is summed to obtain the total inflow and outflow of ecosystem service value in each region, which is the transfer value of ecosystem services with water as the medium.

4. The ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value according to claim 1, characterized in that... After step S103, regions with the same flow direction are merged to obtain the total spatial transfer of ecosystem service value across regions.

5. The ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value according to claim 1, characterized in that... The S2 step ecosystem services include carbon sequestration and oxygen release, air purification, and climate regulation.

6. The ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value according to claim 1, characterized in that... The S201 box-type atmospheric environmental quality model is used to calculate the ideal circulation radius of ecosystem services in each region, as follows: ； In the formula, Let C be the oxygen content in the air, C be the oxygen content provided by the study area, and R be the ideal flow radius.

7. The ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value according to claim 1, characterized in that... Step S202, calculating the actual circulation radius of ecosystem services in each region under wind direction, involves the following steps: Wind direction observations are conducted in 8 or 16 directions. The cumulative frequency of each wind direction over a given time is calculated, and the wind frequency for each direction is determined. These frequencies are then plotted on a coordinate system, and the points are connected sequentially with straight lines to obtain a wind rose diagram. The center of the circle represents the calm wind frequency, and the length of the line segment indicates the frequency of wind occurrence in that direction; a higher frequency indicates more frequent wind activity in that direction. The ideal circulation radius R is combined with the wind frequency in each direction, and the actual circulation radius is determined through weighted or proportional relationships. The actual circulation radius in a given direction... i Represented as: ； In the formula, f i For direction i wind direction frequency, f 总 The total frequency is calculated; ArcGIS tools are used to visualize the actual flow radius in each direction, generating a radiation range map.

8. The ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value according to claim 1, characterized in that... The specific process for calculating the radiation distance of various ecosystem service functions in step S203 is as follows: subtract the actual radius of the district / county from the calculated actual circulation radius.

9. The ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value according to claim 1, characterized in that... Step S4 determines the net amount of cross-regional horizontal ecological compensation based on the theoretical framework of ecological compensation, using the following formula: Net compensation amount = Amount received as an object The amount paid as the main payment.

10. The application of an ecological compensation method based on the spatial transfer of ecosystem service value as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 in determining the ecological compensation standard for cross-municipal watersheds.

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