Low-cost, simple and graded alarm device for inclination and collapse of bridge pier

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost, simple and graded alarm device for inclination and collapse of a bridge pier, and relates to the technical field of bridge structure safety monitoring and alarm. The fixed base is connected with one side of the induction shell and used for fixing the whole induction shell to a pier detection point and adjusting the induction shell to be in a vertical state; the cross ring structure is arranged in the induction shell; the circuit and alarm system is arranged at the bottom of the cross-shaped ring structure and used for judging the inclination state of the pier by detecting the contact state of the top of the cross-shaped ring structure and different conductive areas; and the elastic contact is arranged at the top of the cross-shaped ring structure, is used for being matched with the conductive area at the top of the induction shell, and rotates along with the cross-shaped ring structure to realize dynamic monitoring of different conductive areas. According to the invention, the cross ring structure is combined with the partitioned sensing shell, so that the multi-stage recognition and alarm of the inclination state of the pier are realized, and the defects of high power consumption, complex installation and dependence on continuous power supply of a traditional high-precision sensor are effectively overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge structural safety monitoring and alarm technology, and in particular to a low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse. Background Technology

[0002] According to statistics from the transportation sector, flood-damaged bridges account for the highest proportion of all bridge collapses over the years. Because bridge collapses caused by floods, mudslides, and other natural disasters are random in time and space, failure to detect them promptly and implement necessary traffic control measures can lead to significant casualties and economic losses. Therefore, for in-service bridges at risk of flooding or mudslides, it is crucial to obtain relevant alarm information promptly and take necessary control measures should an abnormal bridge condition or collapse occur.

[0003] As the main load-bearing substructure of a bridge, bridge piers directly bear the impact of potential floods, debris flows, mudslides, and landslides. Their operational status is crucial for ensuring the structural safety of the bridge under extreme events. However, during service, bridge piers may tilt or collapse due to factors such as foundation settlement, water erosion, or external loads, seriously threatening the safety of vehicles traveling on the bridge. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor changes in the tilting and collapse status of bridge piers to provide timely reference for subsequent bridge maintenance and operational decisions.

[0004] Currently, monitoring the tilt of bridge piers mainly relies on precision instruments such as high-precision tilt sensors and acceleration sensors. While these technologies can achieve accurate observation, they generally suffer from problems such as expensive equipment, cumbersome installation, reliance on continuous power supply, and the need for regular replacement. This results in persistently high power consumption, making it difficult to widely apply them to the numerous and widespread ordinary bridges, especially in groups of small and medium-sized bridges.

[0005] Considering that bridge pier tilting and collapse under extreme disasters typically correspond to significant changes in the pier's condition, and identifying these changes does not require expensive, high-precision, real-time monitoring equipment, a technological gap currently exists in monitoring pier tilting and collapse in small- and medium-span bridge clusters: the lack of a simple device that can forgo unnecessary precision measurement functions and focus on reliably triggering an alarm when the tilt reaches a dangerous threshold. The core requirements for such a device are trigger-based operation, low power consumption, high reliability, and long lifespan, thereby providing an economical and practical "safety baseline" for the numerous small- and medium-span bridge piers.

[0006] Current technologies cannot adequately meet this specific requirement. The challenge lies in designing an alarm device with a long service life, simple structure, and that only triggers different levels of alarm information when the bridge pier tilts or collapses, all while maintaining low power consumption constraints. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse to address the aforementioned technical problems.

[0008] This invention provides a low-cost, simple, and tiered alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse, comprising:

[0009] The sensing housing is used to build a sealed structure with protective and support functions, and multiple conductive areas are arranged on the top at preset alarm angle intervals to form a multi-level angle sensing area.

[0010] A fixed base is connected to one side of the sensing housing and is used to fix the entire sensing housing to the bridge pier detection point and adjust it to a vertical state.

[0011] The cross-shaped ring structure, located inside the sensor housing, is used to rotate in multiple degrees of freedom at a preset alarm angle, and monitors the tilt status of the bridge pier through gravity.

[0012] The circuit and alarm system, located at the bottom of the cross-shaped structure, is used to determine the tilt state of the pier by detecting the contact state between the top of the cross-shaped structure and different conductive areas, and to realize power supply and wireless signal transmission.

[0013] The flexible contact, located at the top of the cross-ring structure, is used to cooperate with the conductive area on the top of the sensing housing, and rotates with the cross-ring structure to achieve dynamic monitoring of different conductive areas.

[0014] Furthermore, the sensing housing includes an upper housing and a lower housing that are combined to form a sealed structure; the top of the upper housing is a spherical structure, and an insulating area is provided in the central area of ​​the top of the upper housing, a high-resistance area is provided on the outer side of the insulating area, and a low-resistance area is provided on the outer side of the high-resistance area; a hinge rod is provided on the bottom of one side of the upper housing; and shaft holes are provided on both sides inside the upper housing and the lower housing to define the position of the cross ring structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the insulating region, high-resistance region, and low-resistance region constitute conductive regions with different compositions; among them, the arc range of the insulating region is 0-2°, the arc range of the high-resistance region is 2-10°, and the arc range of the low-resistance region is 10-15°.

[0016] Furthermore, the fixed base includes a fixed plate installed at the bridge pier detection point, with mounting holes at all four corners of the fixed plate; a ball seat is provided in the middle of one side of the fixed plate, and a universal ball core is provided inside the ball seat. The universal ball core is connected to the hinge rod to achieve multi-degree-of-freedom rotation; a knob is provided on one side of the ball seat to adjust and lock the ball seat to constrain the position of the universal ball core.

[0017] Furthermore, the cross-ring structure includes a rotating ring disposed inside the upper and lower outer shells, with both sides of the rotating ring connected to shaft holes on both sides via rotating shafts; rotating rods are disposed on both sides inside the rotating ring, and the rotating rods intersect the rotating shafts in a cross shape; a circuit compartment is disposed between the two rotating rods, and the circuit compartment is located in the middle of the rotating ring, with a counterweight ball connected to the bottom end of the circuit compartment via a lower rod, used to adjust the center of gravity of the circuit compartment when the device tilts; inner holes are opened on both sides inside the rotating ring to constrain the position of the rotating rods and maintain the rotating rods rotating in a plane perpendicular to the vertical; an upper rod is disposed at the top of the circuit compartment.

[0018] Furthermore, the length ratio of the upper rod to the lower rod is 2:1, which is used to amplify the linear displacement of the top of the upper rod.

[0019] Furthermore, the circuit and alarm system includes a battery located at the bottom of the circuit compartment, with a positive power terminal and a negative power terminal respectively at the top two ends of the battery, and a circuit board at the top of the battery; a communication module is located at the top of the circuit board, and a power line, a load line and an antenna are respectively located at the top of the circuit board.

[0020] Furthermore, the resilient contact includes a top contact that mates with the conductive area, a flexible post at the bottom of the top contact, a support at the bottom of the flexible post, and the support fixed to the top of the upper rod.

[0021] Furthermore, one end of the power cord is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the other end of the power cord is connected to one end of the top contact; one end of the load line is connected to the circuit board, and the other end of the load line is connected to the other end of the top contact.

[0022] Furthermore, the circuit board is used to reflect the implementation process of determining the tilt state of the bridge piers, which includes:

[0023] When the voltage is triggered from the positive terminal of the power supply, it connects the power line and the load line through the two top contacts, forming different circuit states in the conductive area at the top of the upper casing to form different working voltages.

[0024] The operating voltage is current-limited, voltage-divided, filtered, voltage-buffered, and stabilized to power the communication module and microcontroller unit. The voltage before stabilization is collected, and different command information is output according to different voltage collection results, corresponding to different alarm levels.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By combining the cross-ring structure with the partitioned sensing shell, multi-level identification and alarm of the pier tilt state are achieved, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of traditional high-precision sensors, such as high power consumption, complex installation, and reliance on continuous power supply. Its beneficial effects are mainly reflected in three aspects: First, it adopts a purely mechanical triggering principle. When the device as a whole tilts along with the pier, the cross-ring structure achieves multi-degree-of-freedom rotation relative to the shell under gravity, combined with the partitioned sensing shell to achieve graded alarms for the tilt state, overcoming the problems of high power consumption and difficult maintenance of traditional high-precision sensors. Second, the overall structure is highly integrated, using an independent power supply. The unique trigger-type power management mode ensures that the device only powers on when the tilt exceeds the limit, achieving long-term dormancy under normal pier operation, eliminating the need for complex external power supply configurations. Third, the device has strong environmental adaptability and is easy to install. It can be directly installed on the pier and adjusted through a fixed base, requiring no power supply wiring and using wireless transmission. This fills the gap in the large-scale application of existing pier monitoring and alarm technology in a large number of small- and medium-span bridge groups, providing an economical and practical solution for pier safety monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-ring structure of a low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit and alarm system for a low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is an internal circuit design diagram of a low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic contact of a low-cost, simple, graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Reference numerals: 1. Sensor housing; 101. Upper housing; 102. Lower housing; 103. Insulation area; 104. High resistance area; 105. Low resistance area; 2. Fixed base; 201. Fixing plate; 202. Mounting hole; 203. Ball seat; 204. Universal ball core; 3. Cross ring structure; 301. Rotating ring; 302. Rotating shaft; 303. Rotating rod; 304. Lower rod; 305. Counterweight ball; 306. Circuit compartment; 307. Inner hole; 308. Upper rod; 4. Circuit and alarm system; 401. Battery; 402. Positive power supply; 403. Negative power supply; 404. Circuit board; 405. Communication module; 406. Power cord; 407. Load line; 408. Antenna; 5. Flexible contact; 501. Top contact; 502. Flexible column; 503. Support. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0035] Please see Figures 1-6 This invention provides a low-cost, simple, and tiered alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse, comprising:

[0036] The sensing housing 1 is used to build a sealed structure with protective support function, and multiple conductive areas are arranged on the top at preset alarm angle intervals to form a multi-level angle sensing area.

[0037] The fixed base 2 is connected to one side of the sensing housing 1 and is used to fix the sensing housing 1 as a whole to the bridge pier detection point and adjust it to a vertical state.

[0038] The cross-shaped ring structure 3 is located inside the sensing housing 1 and is used to rotate in multiple degrees of freedom at a preset alarm angle to monitor the tilt status of the bridge pier through gravity.

[0039] The circuit and alarm system 4 is located at the bottom of the cross-ring structure 3. It is used to determine the tilt state of the pier by detecting the contact state between the top of the cross-ring structure 3 and different conductive areas, and to realize power supply and wireless signal transmission.

[0040] The elastic contact 5 is located on the top of the cross-ring structure 3 and is used to cooperate with the conductive area on the top of the sensing housing 1. It rotates with the cross-ring structure 3 to realize dynamic monitoring of different conductive areas.

[0041] In the description of this invention, the sensing housing 1 includes an upper housing 101 and a lower housing 102 that are combined to form a sealed structure. The top of the upper housing 101 is spherical, and an insulating region 103 is provided in the central region of the top of the upper housing 101. A high-resistance region 104 is provided on the outer circumference of the insulating region 103, and a low-resistance region 105 is provided on the outer circumference of the high-resistance region 104. A hinge rod 106 is provided on the bottom side of one side of the upper housing 101. Shaft holes 107 are provided on both sides of the interior of the upper housing 101 and the lower housing 102 to define the position of the cross-ring structure 3.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, the insulating region 103, the high-resistance region 104, and the low-resistance region 105 constitute conductive regions with different compositions; wherein, the arc range of the insulating region 103 is 0-2°, the arc range of the high-resistance region 104 is 2-10°, and the arc range of the low-resistance region 105 is 10-15°.

[0043] Specifically, the arc-shaped area of ​​the upper housing 101 consists of three parts: an insulating area 103, a high-resistance area 104, and a low-resistance area 105. These three parts are distributed in sequence according to their arc range. The insulating area 103 is used to keep the elastic contact 5 in an open circuit state under normal conditions (0-2°). The high-resistance area 104 is used to form a low-voltage path when slightly tilted (2-10°). The low-resistance area 105 is used to form a high-voltage path when tilted more significantly (10-15°), so as to realize graded identification and alarm of tilt state.

[0044] The high-resistance zone 104 is made of a high-resistance material with an arc range of 2-10°. When the entire device deflects, the upper rotating rod 308 of the cross-ring structure contacts this area, forming a low-voltage path. Power is activated, the circuit board identifies the path, and a low-frequency remote alarm is triggered via the communication module 404. The low-resistance zone 105 is made of a low-resistance material with an arc range of 10-15°. When the entire device deflects, the upper rotating rod 308 of the cross-ring structure contacts this area, forming a high-voltage path. Power is activated, the circuit board identifies the path, and a high-frequency remote alarm is triggered via the communication module 404.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, the fixed base 2 includes a fixed plate 201 installed at the bridge pier detection point, and mounting holes 202 are provided at all four corners of the fixed plate 201; a ball seat 203 is provided at the middle position of one side of the fixed plate 201, and a universal ball core 204 is provided inside the ball seat 203. The universal ball core 204 is connected to the hinge rod 106 to realize multi-degree-of-freedom rotation; a knob 205 is provided on one side of the ball seat 203 to adjust and lock the ball seat 203 to constrain the position of the universal ball core 204.

[0046] In the description of this invention, the cross-ring structure 3 includes a rotating ring 301 disposed inside the upper outer shell 101 and the lower outer shell 102, and both sides of the rotating ring 301 are connected to the shaft holes 107 on both sides through rotating shafts 302; rotating rods 303 are disposed on both sides inside the rotating ring 301, and the rotating rods 303 and the rotating shafts 302 intersect in a cross shape; a circuit compartment 306 is disposed between the two rotating rods 303, and the circuit compartment 306 is located in the middle of the cross ring, and the bottom end of the circuit compartment 306 is connected to a counterweight ball 305 (made of high-density material, connected to the lower rod 304, to adjust the center of gravity of the device when the whole device tilts) through a lower rod 304, which is used to adjust the center of gravity of the circuit compartment 306 when the device tilts; inner holes 307 are opened on both sides inside the rotating ring 301 to constrain the position of the rotating rods 303 and maintain the rotating rods 303 rotating in a vertical plane; an upper rod 308 is disposed at the top of the circuit compartment 306.

[0047] The rotating ring 301 and the rotating rod 303 are combined with the counterweight ball connected to the lower rod 304, which allows the upper rod 308 to rotate with multiple degrees of freedom under the action of gravity.

[0048] In the description of this invention, the length ratio of the upper rod 308 to the lower rod 304 is 2:1, which is used to amplify the linear displacement of the top end of the upper rod 308.

[0049] Specifically, the radius of the arc surface of the upper outer shell 101 is consistent with the length of the upper rod 308 to achieve smoother contact of the elastic contact 5. The upper rod 308 is made of lightweight material and has a hollow wiring structure. Its length ratio with that of the lower rod 304 is 2:1, so as to amplify the linear displacement of the upper elastic contact when deflected at the same angle, improve the accuracy of regional graded triggering, achieve more accurate tilt state discrimination, and detect the tilt state even at small angles of tilt.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, the circuit and alarm system 4 includes a battery 401 disposed at the bottom of the circuit compartment 306. A positive power terminal 402 and a negative power terminal 403 are respectively disposed at the top two ends of the battery 401. A circuit board 404 is disposed at the top of the battery 401. A communication module 405 is disposed at the top of the circuit board 404, and a power line 406, a load line 407 and an antenna 408 are respectively disposed at the top of the circuit board 404.

[0051] The battery 401 provides power to the entire circuit, but its switch is controlled by the circuit board 404. The circuit board 404 is connected through the positive terminal 402 and the negative terminal 403 of the power supply. The circuit board 404 is connected to the positive terminal 407 and the negative terminal 406 of the circuit board. The top of the two lines is connected to the elastic contact 5. The two lines form an open circuit and different open circuits to control the battery switch. Under different paths, the circuit board forms a unique command and transmits it to the communication module 405. The communication module 404 can use a 4 / 5G module and a LoRa module to communicate depending on the installation environment.

[0052] Specifically, the communication module 405 uses a 4 / 5G module for remote server alarm, and a LoRa module for network alarm when the environmental signal is poor. That is, when the network signal is good, the communication module 405 uses a 4 / 5G module for network communication alarm, and when the signal strength is insufficient or the environment under the bridge is limited, it can automatically switch to the LoRa module for network communication to ensure reliable transmission of alarm information.

[0053] The internal circuitry of circuit board 404 is shown in the figure. This internal circuitry reflects the implementation process of tilt state determination. Voltage is triggered from the positive power supply terminal VIN (positive power supply terminal 402), and after passing through two elastic contacts 5, it connects the power supply line 406 and the load line 407, forming different path states in the upper casing 101, resulting in different operating voltages. Then, through R... LIMIT Current limiting and voltage division, C1=10nF filtering, OpAmp voltage buffer, and LDO voltage stabilization supply power to the communication module COMMS and the microcontroller unit MCU. The ADC0 on the MCU is powered by R... div Resistor voltage division ensures the voltage is within the measurement range. At this time, the voltage before LDO can be collected. Different command information is output according to different voltages. The communication module COMMS is sent and received through TX and RX. COMMS remotely sends and receives data through antenna ANT.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, the elastic contact 5 includes a top contact 501 that cooperates with the conductive area. A flexible post 502 is provided at the bottom end of the top contact 501. A support 503 is provided at the bottom end of the flexible post 502. The support 503 is fixed to the top end of the upper rod 308. The support 503 adopts a cylindrical structure of metal or hard plastic to provide support. It is hollow inside so that connecting wires can be inserted. The lower part is connected and fixed to the upper rod 308.

[0055] Specifically, the elastic contact 5 adopts a telescopic structure with an arc-shaped top design, which can automatically compensate for contact errors caused by slight deflection when contacting the conductive area of ​​the arc surface, so as to ensure the reliability of contact and conductivity stability.

[0056] In the description of the present invention, one end of the power cord 406 is connected to the positive power supply 402, and the other end of the power cord 406 is connected to one end of the top contact 501; one end of the load cord 407 is connected to the circuit board 404, and the other end of the load cord 407 is connected to the other end of the top contact 501.

[0057] In the description of this invention, circuit board 404 is used to reflect the implementation process of determining the tilt state of the bridge pier, which includes:

[0058] When the voltage is triggered by the positive terminal 402 of the power supply, it connects the power line 406 and the load line 407 through the two top contacts 501, forming different circuit states in the conductive area at the top of the upper housing 101 to form different working voltages.

[0059] The operating voltage is current-limited, voltage-divided, filtered, voltage-buffered, and stabilized to power the communication module 405 and the microcontroller unit. The voltage before stabilization is collected, and different command information is output according to different voltage collection results, corresponding to different alarm levels.

[0060] Based on specific real-time methods, the specific workflow of the low-cost, simple, and tiered alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse designed in this invention is as follows:

[0061] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 In the process of using this invention, the fixed base 201 is first securely installed on the surface of the pier structure 600 through the bolt holes 202, ensuring that the entire device can move synchronously without loosening when the pier tilts or vibrates slightly. After installation, the sensing housing 100 is connected to the ball joint core 204 of the fixed base 200 through the hinge rod 106, allowing the upper housing 101 to deflect freely in multiple directions. At the same time, the rotation damping of the ball joint core 204 is adjusted by the knob 205. The transparent insulating area 103 of the upper housing is observed, so that the elastic contact 5 is located in this area, thereby keeping the sensing housing vertical. The cross ring structure 3 is located inside the sensing housing. The rotating ring 301 is fixed in the shaft hole 107 through the rotating shaft 302. The rotating rod 303 is movably connected in the inner hole 307 of the rotating ring 301, and forms a linkage mechanism with the circuit compartment 306, the upper rod 308 and the lower rod 304, forming a mechanical structure that can amplify the deflection displacement. When the pier or beam tilts, the counterweight ball 305 causes the lower rod 304 to rotate due to gravity, which in turn causes the upper rod 308 to rotate with multiple degrees of freedom, and pushes the top elastic contact 5 to contact the arc-shaped conductive area of ​​the upper shell 101.

[0062] During contact, the elastic contact 5 switches between open circuit, low-voltage path, and high-voltage path depending on whether it falls in the insulation area 103, high-resistance area 104, or low-resistance area 105 based on its deflection angle. Voltage signals generated by different paths are transmitted to the circuit board 404 through the hollow path inside the upper rod 308. The circuit board 404 determines the tilt state of the device based on the voltage magnitude and contact position, and generates an alarm command of the corresponding level. This command is sent to the remote monitoring center via the communication module 405 connected to the circuit board. Under good environmental signal conditions, 4G / 5G networks are prioritized for transmitting alarm information; when the signal is limited, it automatically switches to the LoRa network, enabling remote monitoring and alarm of bridge tilt.

[0063] During operation, the mechanical amplification relationship between the rotating rod 303, upper rod 308, and lower rod 304 of the cross-ring structure 3 can amplify the minute displacement of the pier to the significant displacement of the contact point 5, ensuring that even if the pier tilts only slightly, the elastic contact point can be triggered to contact the conductive area, enabling the alarm system to work reliably. The length ratio of the upper rod 308 to the lower rod 304 is 2:1, further amplifying the linear displacement of the top contact point and improving the accuracy of deflection angle recognition. The battery 401 stored in the circuit compartment 306 provides power to the entire system. The circuit board 404 automatically controls the power supply based on the contact signal, thereby reducing the power consumption of the device in the non-deflection state and achieving low-power monitoring.

[0064] In summary, by utilizing the above-mentioned technical solution of this invention, this invention addresses the tilting and collapse of bridge piers under extreme disasters, providing a low-cost, simple, and tiered alarm device based on the mechanical triggering principle. This device effectively solves the following prominent problems existing in bridge pier monitoring technology: firstly, it overcomes the shortcomings of high-precision tilt angle or acceleration sensors, which are expensive and difficult to deploy on a large scale in ordinary bridges; secondly, it solves the deficiencies of existing technologies, such as complex installation, reliance on continuous power supply, and the need for periodic replacement; and thirdly, it fills the technical gap in providing rapid, reliable, and tiered alarms for bridge pier tilting and collapse. This invention uses a cross-ring structure with multi-degree-of-freedom rotation capability, utilizing gravity as a reference, to convert the tilt angles of the bridge pier in different directions into the connection state between internal contacts and electrodes in different areas of the outer shell, thereby achieving multi-level alarm functions for different tilt angle thresholds of the bridge pier. Thus, it achieves a reliable tilt over-limit alarm function with minimal power consumption, providing an economical and practical safety monitoring solution for a large number of ordinary bridge piers.

[0065] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

Claims

1. A low-cost, simple, and tiered alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse, characterized in that, include: The sensing housing (1) is used to build a sealed structure with protective support function, and multiple conductive areas are arranged on the top according to the preset alarm angle interval to form a multi-level angle sensing area. A fixed base (2) is connected to one side of the sensing housing (1) to fix the sensing housing (1) as a whole at the bridge pier detection point and adjust it to a vertical state; The cross-ring structure (3) is set inside the sensing housing (1) and is used to rotate in multiple degrees of freedom at a preset alarm angle to monitor the tilt state of the bridge pier by gravity. The circuit and alarm system (4) is set at the bottom of the cross ring structure (3) to determine the tilt state of the pier by detecting the contact state between the top of the cross ring structure (3) and different conductive areas, and to realize power supply and wireless signal transmission. The elastic contact (5) is located on the top of the cross ring structure (3) and is used to cooperate with the conductive area on the top of the sensing housing (1) to achieve dynamic monitoring of different conductive areas by rotating with the cross ring structure (3).

2. The low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing housing (1) includes an upper housing (101) and a lower housing (102) that are combined to form a sealed structure. The top of the upper shell (101) is a spherical structure, and an insulating area (103) is provided in the central area of ​​the top of the upper shell (101). A high-resistance area (104) is provided on the outer side of the insulating area (103), and a low-resistance area (105) is provided on the outer side of the high-resistance area (104). A hinge rod (106) is provided at the bottom of one side of the upper outer shell (101). Both the upper outer shell (101) and the lower outer shell (102) have shaft holes (107) on both sides inside, which are used to define the position of the cross ring structure (3).

3. The low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to claim 2, characterized in that, The insulating region (103), the high-resistance region (104), and the low-resistance region (105) constitute conductive regions with different compositions; The arc range of the insulating region (103) is 0-2°, the arc range of the high resistance region (104) is 2-10°, and the arc range of the low resistance region (105) is 10-15°.

4. A low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixed base (2) includes a fixed plate (201) installed at the bridge pier detection point, and the fixed plate (201) is provided with mounting holes (202) at all four corners; A ball seat (203) is provided at the middle position on one side of the fixed plate (201), and a universal ball core (204) is provided inside the ball seat (203). The universal ball core (204) is connected to the hinge rod (106) to realize multi-directional degree of freedom rotation. A knob (205) is provided on one side of the ball seat (203) for adjusting and locking the ball seat (203) to constrain the position of the universal ball core (204).

5. A low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cross ring structure (3) includes a rotating ring (301) disposed inside the upper housing (101) and the lower housing (102), and both sides of the rotating ring (301) are connected to the shaft holes (107) on both sides through a rotating shaft (302); Rotating rods (303) are provided on both sides inside the rotating ring (301), and the rotating rods (303) and the rotating shaft (302) intersect in a cross shape; A circuit compartment (306) is provided between the two rotating rods (303), and the circuit compartment (306) is located in the middle of the rotating ring (301). The bottom end of the circuit compartment (306) is connected to a counterweight ball (305) through a lower rod (304) for adjusting the center of gravity of the circuit compartment (306) when the device tilts. The rotating ring (301) has inner holes (307) on both sides inside, which are used to constrain the position of the rotating rod (303) and maintain the rotating rod (303) rotating in a plane perpendicular to the vertical plane; The circuit compartment (306) is provided with an upper rod (308) at its top.

6. A low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to claim 5, characterized in that, The length ratio of the upper rod (308) to the lower rod (304) is 2:1, which is used to amplify the linear displacement of the top of the upper rod (308).

7. A low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to claim 4, characterized in that, The circuit and alarm system (4) includes a battery (401) located at the bottom of the circuit compartment (306), with a positive power terminal (402) and a negative power terminal (403) respectively located at the top two ends of the battery (401), and a circuit board (404) located at the top of the battery (401). The circuit board (404) is provided with a communication module (405) at the top, and the circuit board (404) is provided with a power line (406), a load line (407) and an antenna (408) at the top.

8. A low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to claim 7, characterized in that, The elastic contact (5) includes a top contact (501) that cooperates with the conductive area. A flexible post (502) is provided at the bottom end of the top contact (501). A support (503) is provided at the bottom end of the flexible post (502). The support (503) is fixed to the top end of the upper rod (308).

9. A low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to claim 8, characterized in that, One end of the power cord (406) is connected to the positive terminal (402) of the power supply, and the other end of the power cord (406) is connected to one end of the top contact (501); One end of the load line (407) is connected to the circuit board (404), and the other end of the load line (407) is connected to the other end of the top contact (501).

10. A low-cost, simple, and graded alarm device for bridge pier tilting and collapse according to claim 8, characterized in that, The circuit board (404) is used to reflect the implementation process of determining the tilt state of the bridge pier, which includes: When the voltage is triggered from the positive terminal of the power supply (402), it connects the power line 406 and the load line 407 through the two top contacts (501), forming different circuit states in the conductive area at the top of the upper housing (101) to form different working voltages; The operating voltage is used to power the communication module (405) and microcontroller unit after being current-limited, voltage-divided, filtered, voltage-buffered, and stabilized. The voltage before stabilization is collected, and different command information is output according to different voltage collection results, corresponding to different alarm levels.

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