The invention provides a preprandial insulin dosage learning optimization decision-making system assisted by expert experience. According to the system, artificial intelligence and expert experience methods are combined, information contained in patient blood sugar monitoring and insulin infusion data is mined at the same time, a safe and effective preprandial insulin dosage can still be determined based on historical data under the condition of few samples, the postprandial blood sugar management is improved, and meanwhile, the system is endowed with abilities of continuous adaptive learning and decision-making performance improvement. Therefore, in order to improve postprandial blood glucose management and utilize a small amount of patient historical data, an expert decision-making assisted preprandial insulin dose individualized learning decision-making system is designed, a model prediction evaluation method is introduced into the system, system decision errors under the condition of few samples are effectively avoided, and the blood glucose metabolism rule of the patient is continuously learned; and meanwhile, an iterative updating thought is further introduced, a postprandial blood sugar management target is determined in a self-adaptive mode, and safe and effective preprandial insulin doses can be rapidly determined under the condition that few samples are used for diabetic patients under different illness conditions.