Five-axis turning and milling combined machining center equipment and machining method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to five-axis turning and milling combined machining center equipment and a machining method thereof, and relates to the technical field of combined machining. Comprising a machining device and a tool base, the tool base is arranged in the machining device, a rotating base is rotationally arranged in the tool base, a first transmission gear and a second transmission gear are fixed to the surface of the rotating base, two rotating wheels are symmetrically and rotationally installed in the tool base, and cutting blocks are rotationally installed on the surfaces of the rotating wheels; according to the cutting device, through the arrangement of the tool base, the suction opening, the rotating base, the rotating wheel and the cutting block, cuttings are collected and crushed synchronously in the machining process, the situation that the cuttings are accumulated in a machining area is avoided, continuous long cuttings are cut, the cuttings are crushed into short and small chippings easy to discharge, the machining efficiency is improved, and the machining efficiency is improved. The risk that cuttings wind the cutter and block a chip removal channel is reduced, and the overall machining efficiency and the stability of a machine tool are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite machining technology, specifically to a five-axis turning and milling composite machining center and its machining method. Background Technology

[0002] Five-axis milling and turning machining centers are a core category of high-end CNC equipment. They integrate five-axis linkage with multiple processes such as turning, milling, drilling, boring, and tapping, enabling complex parts to be completed in a single setup. They are key equipment for precision manufacturing. Five-axis milling and turning machining centers break through the process boundaries of traditional machine tools. Through the linear motion of the X, Y, and Z axes and the linkage of two rotary axes, the cutting tool can approach the workpiece from any angle. In turning mode, the rotary table can rotate at high speed to complete the machining of external diameters, end faces, and threads. In milling mode, the five-axis linkage can realize the machining of complex cavities, inclined surfaces, and spatial curves. With online measurement and simulation optimization, dimensional consistency and surface quality are further improved. They are widely used in aerospace, precision molds, medical devices, energy equipment and other fields. They are especially suitable for the manufacturing of small and medium batches of complex parts with high added value. They are a landmark equipment for the upgrading of intelligent manufacturing.

[0003] However, in actual machining, existing machining centers often encounter challenges when dealing with highly ductile materials such as stainless steel, titanium alloys, and aluminum alloys. During cutting, the chips are difficult to break and tend to form long, continuous chips. In addition, under conditions such as complex cavities and deep holes, the chip removal space is limited, and long chips tend to accumulate and entangle. Long chips entangled in the tool significantly increase cutting resistance, accelerate tool wear and chipping, and reduce tool life. When entangled in the workpiece, they can easily scratch the machined surface, damage dimensional accuracy and surface quality, and even lead to workpiece scrap. At the same time, chip entanglement can easily cause equipment jamming and downtime. Manual chip removal is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also poses safety hazards, reducing machining continuity and production efficiency, thus restricting the performance of five-axis milling and turning machining centers in automated and high-efficiency production.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, innovative design based on existing methods is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a five-axis milling and turning machining center and its machining method to solve the problem of long chips affecting machining efficiency mentioned in the background. The technical solution of this invention addresses the problem that the existing technical solutions are too simplistic and provides a solution that is significantly different from the existing technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a five-axis milling and turning composite machining center and its machining method, comprising a machining device and a tool holder, wherein the machining device is provided with a tool holder, and a rotating seat is rotatably provided within the tool holder, wherein a first transmission gear and a second transmission gear are fixed on the surface of the rotating seat, wherein two rotating wheels are symmetrically rotatably mounted within the tool holder, wherein a cutting block is rotatably mounted on the surface of the rotating wheels, wherein a suction port is provided on the surface of the tool holder, and a drive adjustment component is provided within the tool holder; The drive adjustment assembly includes a drive disk rotatably mounted in the tool holder, a drive seat fixed to the side wall of the drive disk, multiple swing blocks rotatably mounted on the side wall of the drive disk, a scraper fixed to the inner wall of the drive disk, a movable seat slidably mounted in the tool holder, a moving groove formed on the side wall of the movable seat, a rotating disk and a fixed disk rotatably mounted in the tool holder, a guide groove formed on the surface of the rotating disk, a drive block fixed to the surface of the rotating disk, a limit groove formed on the surface of the fixed disk, and a sliding block slidably mounted in the tool holder, with a sliding rod and a limit block fixed to the two side walls of the sliding block respectively.

[0007] Preferably, the cutting block is designed in an L-shape, with the end of the cutting block rotatably mounted in the tool holder, and the middle of the cutting block eccentrically rotatably connected to the rotating wheel.

[0008] Preferably, the first transmission gear meshes with the rotating wheel, and the two rotating wheels mesh with each other.

[0009] Preferably, the tool holder is equipped with a turbine fan, which generates suction to draw the chips into the suction port.

[0010] Preferably, the second transmission gear meshes with the drive disc, and the side wall of the scraper block is in close contact with the inner wall of the suction port.

[0011] Preferably, a return spring is provided on the side wall of the drive seat, and the drive seat is connected to the swing block through the return spring.

[0012] Preferably, the moving slot is designed to be inclined, and the driving block is located inside the moving slot.

[0013] Preferably, the sliding rod is located in the guide groove, and the driving block is located in the limiting groove.

[0014] Preferably, the method includes the following steps: S1: The equipment starts up, the rotating seat rotates synchronously, the turbine fan sucks up the chips, the first transmission gear drives the two rotating wheels to rotate in opposite directions, and drives the cutting block to cut long chips in opposite directions. S2: The rotation speed of the rotating seat is adjusted according to the process. The second transmission gear drives the drive disc to rotate, and the scraper removes debris from the inner wall of the suction port to ensure the flow of the suction port. S3: The rotation speed of the rotating seat increases, the swing block squeezes the moving seat, drives the rotating disk to rotate, and drives the sliding block to adjust the suction port diameter, adaptively adjusting the negative pressure suction of the suction port.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention, through the design of a tool holder, suction port, rotating seat, rotating wheel, and cutting block, simultaneously completes chip collection and crushing during the processing. The suction port adsorbs the generated chips in real time, preventing them from accumulating in the processing area. The cutting block oscillates at high frequency around an eccentric fulcrum, cutting continuous long chips and crushing them into short, easily discharged fragments. This reduces the risk of chips entangled in the tool and blocking the chip discharge channel, lowers the frequency of equipment jamming and downtime for cleaning, improves overall processing efficiency and machine tool stability, and reduces safety hazards caused by manual intervention.

[0016] 2. This invention, through the design of a tool holder, suction port, and drive adjustment component, adaptively adjusts the negative pressure in the suction port according to the rotation speed of the tool holder under the constant suction force provided by the turbine fan, thereby changing the intensity of the suction force. When the rotating seat rotates at high speed and the amount of chips generated increases, the drive adjustment component adjusts the cross-sectional area of ​​the suction port channel to increase the negative pressure and enhance the adsorption force, ensuring that fine chips are quickly sucked away from the processing area. During low-speed processing, the negative pressure is appropriately reduced to avoid excessive adsorption affecting the processing, ensuring the high efficiency of chip collection under different working conditions and reducing the risk of chip accumulation and entanglement. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tool holder structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the tool holder of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating base and drive disk of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of the rotating base and the drive disk of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating seat from another perspective of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drive disk from another perspective of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the rotating disk and the fixed disk from another perspective of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Processing device; 101. Tool holder; 102. Suction port; 2. Rotating seat; 201. First transmission gear; 202. Second transmission gear; 3. Rotating wheel; 301. Cutting block; 4. Drive disk; 401. Scraper; 402. Drive seat; 403. Throwing block; 5. Moving seat; 501. Moving groove; 6. Rotating disk; 601. Guide groove; 602. Drive block; 7. Sliding block; 701. Sliding rod; 702. Limiting block; 8. Fixed disk; 801. Limiting groove. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-8 This invention provides a technical solution: a five-axis milling and turning composite machining center and its machining method, including a machining device 1 and a tool holder 101. The machining device 1 is provided with a tool holder 101, and a rotating seat 2 is rotatably arranged inside the tool holder 101. A first transmission gear 201 and a second transmission gear 202 are fixed on the surface of the rotating seat 2. Two rotating wheels 3 are symmetrically rotatably installed inside the tool holder 101. A cutting block 301 is rotatably installed on the surface of the rotating wheel 3. The two symmetrically installed rotating wheels 3 cooperate with the cutting block 301 and achieve opposing cutting motion by means of the rotating seat 2. It can accurately break continuous long chips and avoid chips from wrapping around the tool and blocking the chip discharge channel from the source. A suction port 102 is opened on the surface of the tool holder 101, and a drive adjustment component is provided inside the tool holder 101. The drive adjustment assembly includes a drive disk 4 rotatably mounted in the tool holder 101, a drive seat 402 fixed to the side wall of the drive disk 4, and multiple sling blocks 403 rotatably mounted on the side wall of the drive disk 4. The sling blocks 403 do not require additional power and drive the moving seat 5 to move only by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation speed change of the drive disk 4, adapting to the process requirements of different machining speeds. A scraper 401 is fixed to the inner wall of the drive disk 4. The scraper 401 rotates synchronously with the drive disk 4 to promptly remove the fine debris adhering to the inner wall of the suction port 102 and maintain the chip suction and discharge efficiency. It also includes a moving seat 5 slidably mounted in the tool holder 101. The moving seat 5 has a moving groove 501 on its side wall. It also includes a rotating disk 6 and a fixed disk 8 rotatably mounted in the tool holder 101. The rotating disk 6 has a guide groove 601 on its surface and a drive block 602 fixed to its surface. The fixed disk 8 has a limit groove 801 on its surface. It also includes a sliding block 7 slidably mounted in the tool holder 101. A sliding rod 701 and a limit block 702 are fixed to the two side walls of the sliding block 7, respectively.

[0021] As one embodiment of the present invention, the cutting block 301 is designed in an L-shape. The end of the cutting block 301 is rotatably installed in the tool holder 101 to form a stable rotation fulcrum. The middle part of the cutting block 301 is eccentrically connected to the rotating wheel 3. The rotation of the rotating wheel 3 drives the cutting block 301 to reciprocate around the end fulcrum.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first transmission gear 201 meshes with the rotating wheel 3, and the two rotating wheels 3 mesh with each other. When the rotating seat 2 is running, the power is transmitted to the rotating wheel 3 through the first transmission gear 201. At the same time, the two rotating wheels 3 achieve synchronous reverse rotation due to mutual meshing, which drives the corresponding L-shaped cutting block 301 to swing symmetrically in opposite directions, thus efficiently crushing long chips.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, a turbine fan is provided inside the tool holder 101. The turbine fan generates suction to draw the chips into the suction port 102. When the turbine fan is running, it generates stable suction to directionally draw the chips generated in the processing area into the suction port 102. Combined with the crushing effect of the cutting block 301 on long chips, the chips are quickly collected and discharged, reducing the accumulation of chips on the processing surface from the source, reducing the risk of chips wrapping around the tool and blocking the chip discharge channel, and ensuring the continuity of the processing process and the stability of equipment operation.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second transmission gear 202 meshes with the drive disk 4, and the side wall of the scraper 401 is in close contact with the inner wall of the suction port 102. When the rotating seat 2 is running, it can directly drive the drive disk 4 to rotate synchronously. The side wall of the scraper 401 is in close contact with the inner wall of the suction port 102. When it rotates with the drive disk 4, it can completely scrape off the fine chips stuck to the inner wall of the suction port 102, avoid chip accumulation and blockage of the suction port 102, and maintain chip suction efficiency.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, a return spring is provided on the side wall of the drive seat 402. The drive seat 402 is connected to the swing block 403 through the return spring. When the drive disk 4 rotates with the increase of the speed, the centrifugal force on the swing block 403 gradually increases, overcoming the elastic force of the return spring and rotating outward, squeezing the moving seat 5 to realize negative pressure adjustment. When the processing speed decreases, the centrifugal force decreases, and the elastic restoring force of the return spring drives the swing block 403 to quickly reset, so that the moving seat 5 returns to the initial position, adapting to the negative pressure adjustment requirements under different processing speeds.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the moving groove 501 is designed to be inclined, and the driving block 602 is located inside the moving groove 501. When the moving seat 5 is squeezed by the throwing block 403 and moves linearly along the radial direction of the tool holder 101, the inclined moving groove 501 will squeeze and guide the driving block 602, driving the rotating disk 6 to rotate around its central axis, converting the linear motion of the moving seat 5 into the rotational motion of the rotating disk 6, and providing a stable and reliable power transmission for adjusting the flow diameter of the suction port 102.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sliding rod 701 is located in the guide groove 601, and the driving block 602 is located in the limiting groove 801. When the guide groove 601 rotates with the rotating disk 6, the sliding rod 701 drives the sliding block 7 to move synchronously. The limiting groove 801 forms a limiting guide for the driving block 602, constraining its movement trajectory and ensuring that the displacement of the sliding block 7 is controlled. The two work together to convert the rotational motion of the rotating disk 6 into the linear movement of the sliding block 7, realize the stable adjustment of the flow port diameter of the suction port 102, improve the stability of the negative pressure adaptive adjustment, and ensure that the chip suction effect matches the processing speed.

[0028] As one embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the following steps: S1: The equipment starts, the rotating seat 2 rotates synchronously, the turbine fan sucks up the chips, the first transmission gear 201 drives the two rotating wheels 3 to rotate in opposite directions, driving the cutting block 301 to cut long chips in opposite directions. S2: The rotation speed of the rotating seat 2 is adjusted according to the process. The second transmission gear 202 drives the drive disk 4 to rotate. The scraper 401 scrapes off the debris on the inner wall of the suction port 102 to ensure the flow of the suction port 102. S3: The rotation speed of the rotating seat 2 increases, the swing block 403 squeezes the moving seat 5, drives the rotating disk 6 to rotate, drives the sliding block 7 to adjust the diameter of the suction port 102, and adaptively adjusts the negative pressure suction of the suction port 102.

[0029] Working principle: When using this five-axis milling and turning machining center, the rotating seat 2 inside the tool holder 101 starts to rotate when the machine starts processing. The turbine fan starts synchronously and actively sucks up the chips generated in the processing area of ​​the tool holder 101 through the suction port 102, reducing the accumulation of chips on the processing surface from the source. At the same time, the first transmission gear 201 fixed on the side wall of the rotating seat 2 drives the rotating wheel 3 to rotate through meshing. The two rotating wheels 3 mesh with each other and rotate synchronously in opposite directions. Since the end of the cutting block 301 is rotatably installed in the tool holder 101, and the middle of the cutting block 301 is eccentrically connected to the rotating wheel 3, the rotation of the rotating wheel 3 drives the cutting block 301 to swing back and forth in a lever-like manner. The two cutting blocks 301 form opposing cutting motions, accurately cutting continuous long chips and breaking them into short and easy-to-discharge chips. This reduces the risk of long chips wrapping around the tool and blocking the chip discharge channel, reduces the probability of tool wear and chipping, extends the tool life, and avoids equipment jamming and downtime for cleaning due to chip accumulation. During this process, the rotational speed of the rotating seat 2 is gradually adjusted according to the process requirements of the workpiece. The second transmission gear 202 fixed on the side wall of the rotating seat 2 drives the drive disk 4 to rotate synchronously through meshing. The scraper 401 on the drive disk 4 rotates continuously along the inner wall of the suction port 102, promptly scraping away the small debris stuck to the inner wall of the suction port 102, avoiding a decrease in the flow efficiency of the suction port 102 due to debris accumulation. At the same time, the drive seat 402 on the side wall of the drive disk 4 drives the throwing block 403 to rotate synchronously with the rotational speed. As the rotational speed gradually increases, the centrifugal force will push the throwing block 403 to rotate outward and squeeze the moving seat 5. After being subjected to force, the moving seat 5 moves linearly along the inner radial direction of the tool holder 101. Due to the surface of the moving seat 5 The movable slot 501 is designed with an inclination, and the drive block 602 is located in the movable slot 501. When the movable seat 5 moves, the drive rotating disk 6 rotates. Combined with the guiding effect of the sliding rod 701 located in the guide slot 601 and the limiting block 702 located in the limiting slot 801 on the surface of the fixed disk 8, the rotation of the rotating disk 6 will drive the sliding block 7 to adjust its relative position, change the flow diameter in the suction port 102, and adaptively adjust the negative pressure intensity in the suction port 102 under the constant suction force provided by the turbine fan, change the suction intensity, and ensure that fine chips are quickly sucked away from the processing area during high-speed processing, while the negative pressure is appropriately reduced during low-speed processing to avoid excessive adsorption from interfering with the processing accuracy.

[0030] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A five-axis milling and turning machining center, comprising a machining device (1) and a tool holder (101), characterized in that: The processing device (1) is provided with a tool holder (101), and a rotating seat (2) is rotatably arranged inside the tool holder (101). A first transmission gear (201) and a second transmission gear (202) are fixed on the surface of the rotating seat (2). Two rotating wheels (3) are symmetrically rotatably installed inside the tool holder (101). A cutting block (301) is rotatably installed on the surface of the rotating wheel (3). A suction port (102) is opened on the surface of the tool holder (101). A drive adjustment component is provided inside the tool holder (101). The drive adjustment assembly includes a drive disk (4) rotatably mounted in the tool holder (101), a drive seat (402) fixed on the side wall of the drive disk (4), a plurality of swing blocks (403) rotatably mounted on the side wall of the drive disk (4), a scraper block (401) fixed on the inner wall of the drive disk (4), a movable seat (5) slidably mounted in the tool holder (101), a movable groove (501) opened on the side wall of the movable seat (5), a rotating disk (6) and a fixed disk (8) rotatably mounted in the tool holder (101), a guide groove (601) opened on the surface of the rotating disk (6), a drive block (602) fixed on the surface of the rotating disk (6), a limit groove (801) opened on the surface of the fixed disk (8), and a sliding block (7) slidably mounted in the tool holder (101), a sliding rod (701) and a limit block (702) respectively fixed on the two side walls of the sliding block (7).

2. The five-axis milling and turning machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting block (301) is designed in an L-shape. The end of the cutting block (301) is rotatably mounted in the tool holder (101), and the middle part of the cutting block (301) is eccentrically rotatably connected to the rotating wheel (3).

3. The five-axis turning and milling composite machining center equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first transmission gear (201) meshes with the rotating wheel (3), and the two rotating wheels (3) mesh with each other.

4. The five-axis turning and milling composite machining center equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool holder (101) is equipped with a turbine fan, which generates suction to draw the chips into the suction port (102).

5. A five-axis milling and turning machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second transmission gear (202) meshes with the drive disk (4), and the side wall of the scraper (401) is in close contact with the inner wall of the suction port (102).

6. The five-axis turning and milling composite machining center equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive seat (402) is provided with a reset spring on its side wall, and the drive seat (402) is connected to the swing block (403) through the reset spring.

7. A five-axis turning and milling composite machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving slot (501) is designed to be inclined, and the driving block (602) is located inside the moving slot (501).

8. A five-axis milling and turning machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding rod (701) is located in the guide groove (601), and the driving block (602) is located in the limiting groove (801).

9. A method of using a five-axis milling and turning machining center, applicable to the five-axis milling and turning machining center as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: S1: The equipment starts, the rotating seat (2) operates synchronously, the turbine fan sucks up the chips, the first transmission gear (201) drives the two rotating wheels (3) to rotate in opposite directions, and drives the cutting block (301) to cut the long chips in opposite directions; S2: The rotation speed of the rotating seat (2) is adjusted according to the process. The second transmission gear (202) drives the drive disk (4) to rotate. The scraper (401) scrapes off the debris on the inner wall of the suction port (102) to ensure the flow of the suction port (102). S3: The rotation speed of the rotating seat (2) increases, the swing block (403) squeezes the moving seat (5), drives the rotating disk (6) to rotate, drives the sliding block (7) to adjust the diameter of the suction port (102), and adaptively adjusts the negative pressure suction of the suction port (102).

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