Automatic rotary polishing machine and automatic rotary polishing method

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic rotating polishing machine and an automatic rotating polishing method.The polishing machine comprises a driver, a lifting assembly, a connecting assembly, a first-stage gear assembly, a second-stage gear assembly, a workpiece frame and a material grinding barrel, the output end of the driver corresponding to the lifting assembly is connected with the input end of the lifting assembly, and the output end of the lifting assembly is connected with the connecting assembly; the connecting assembly is connected with the first-stage gear assembly, the output end of the driver corresponding to the connecting assembly is connected with the input end of the first-stage gear assembly, the output end of the first-stage gear assembly is connected with the input end of the second-stage gear assembly, the output end of the second-stage gear assembly is connected with the workpiece frame, a workpiece is loaded on the workpiece frame, and the grinding barrel is arranged below the workpiece. Polishing sand is contained in the grinding material barrel, and gears in the first-stage gear assembly and the second-stage gear assembly both adopt planetary gear trains. Compared with the prior art, multiple workpieces can be automatically polished at the same time, the workpieces can be polished more evenly, and therefore the use performance of the workpieces is improved, and the service life of the workpieces is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of polishing clamping equipment, and relates to an automatic rotary polishing machine and an automatic rotary polishing method. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional polishing techniques mainly rely on manual labor or simple mechanical equipment, which has the following shortcomings: manual polishing is time-consuming and labor-intensive, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production; simple machinery is difficult to achieve uniform polishing, which can easily lead to scratches or uneven polishing on the tool surface, affecting tool life and performance, and its function is limited, making it difficult to achieve simultaneous polishing of multiple tools, requiring repeated operations and increasing labor costs.

[0003] Patent CN217750953U discloses a mirror polishing machine, including a chassis and an electrical control box located on the upper part of the chassis. The electrical control box contains a main reducer, and the output end of the main reducer is sequentially connected to a primary transmission system and a secondary transmission system. The secondary transmission system is located below the primary transmission system; a lifting mechanism is located below the secondary transmission system. However, this patent only uses a planetary gear system to achieve the workpiece's revolution around the sun gear, resulting in a single polishing motion mode, leading to uneven polishing and incomplete treatment of dead corners.

[0004] Patent CN105058216A discloses a multi-stage transmission finishing machine, including a column, a horizontal arm, and a grinding barrel. The horizontal arm is connected to a lifting system. A grinding device connected to the horizontal arm is located directly above the grinding barrel. The grinding device includes a drive motor, a spindle, a rotating system, and a gripper. The rotating system includes a primary planetary gear rotating system and a secondary planetary gear rotating system. The drive motor drives the primary planetary gear rotating system to rotate via the spindle. The primary planetary gear rotating system drives the secondary planetary gear rotating system to rotate. The secondary planetary gear rotating system drives the gripper to rotate. However, this patent uses a "gripper" as the workpiece clamping structure, which lacks adaptability to irregularly shaped and small-sized workpieces, and the clamping method is not convenient or stable enough. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome at least one of the defects of the prior art, such as low efficiency, poor quality, and limited functionality, and to provide an automatic rotary polishing machine and an automatic rotary polishing method. This invention enables simultaneous automatic polishing of multiple workpieces and makes the polishing of workpieces more uniform, thereby improving the performance and service life of the workpieces.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide an automatic rotary polishing machine, which includes a driver, a lifting assembly, a connecting assembly, a primary gear assembly, a secondary gear assembly, a workpiece rack, and an abrasive barrel. The output end of the driver corresponding to the lifting assembly is connected to the input end of the lifting assembly. The output end of the lifting assembly is connected to the connecting assembly. The connecting assembly is connected to the primary gear assembly. The output end of the driver corresponding to the connecting assembly is connected to the input end of the primary gear assembly. The output end of the primary gear assembly is connected to the input end of the secondary gear assembly. The output end of the secondary gear assembly is connected to the workpiece rack. A workpiece is loaded on the workpiece rack, and an abrasive barrel is provided below the workpiece. The abrasive barrel contains polishing sand. The gears in the primary gear assembly and the secondary gear assembly are both planetary gear trains. The primary gear assembly includes a primary sun gear, primary planet gears, a primary internal gear, an input shaft, a primary output shaft, and a primary gear mounting plate. The primary sun gear, primary planet gears, and primary internal gear are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The primary planet gears mesh with the primary sun gear and the primary internal gear respectively. The primary sun gear is fixedly connected to the input shaft, the primary planet gears are fixedly connected to the primary output shaft, and the primary internal gear is fixedly connected to the connecting assembly. The sun gear and primary planet gears are mounted on the primary gear mounting plate. The primary internal gear is fixed, and the input shaft drives the primary sun gear to rotate, causing the primary planet gears and the primary gear mounting plate to rotate in the opposite direction. The relative positions of the primary planet gears and the primary gear mounting plate are fixed, realizing the revolution and rotation of the primary planet gears. The secondary gear assembly includes a secondary sun gear, secondary planet gears, a flower-shaped gear, a secondary output shaft, and a secondary gear mounting plate. The secondary sun gear, secondary planet gears, and the secondary internal gears of the flower-shaped gear are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The secondary planet gears mesh with the secondary sun gear and the secondary internal gears of the flower-shaped gear, respectively. The secondary sun gear is fixedly connected to the primary gear mounting plate, and the secondary planet gears are fixedly connected to the secondary output shaft. The flower-shaped surface of the flower-shaped gear is rotatably connected to the primary gear mounting plate. The secondary gear mounting plate is fixedly connected to the primary output shaft, and the secondary planet gears are mounted on the secondary gear mounting plate. The secondary sun gear is fixed, and the primary output shaft drives the secondary gear mounting plate to rotate, causing the secondary planet gears and the flower-shaped gear to rotate in the same direction. The relative positions of the secondary planet gears and the secondary gear mounting plate are fixed, realizing the rotation and revolution of the secondary planet gears. The secondary output shaft is fixedly connected to the workpiece holder, and the rotation and double revolution of the workpiece on the workpiece holder are realized by the rotation of the secondary planetary gear relative to the primary sun gear.

[0007] Furthermore, the first-stage sun gear is fixedly connected to the upper part of the input shaft via a keyway, and the first-stage planetary gear is fixedly connected to the upper part of the first-stage output shaft via a keyway. The primary gear assembly also includes an input shaft positioning sleeve and an input shaft bearing. The input shaft positioning sleeve is fixedly installed under the primary sun gear. The input shaft positioning sleeve is inserted into the primary gear mounting plate. An input shaft bearing is provided between the input shaft positioning sleeve and the primary gear mounting plate. The lower part of the input shaft extends into the input shaft positioning sleeve and the input shaft bearing. The input shaft positioning sleeve provides positioning for the primary sun gear to ensure its accurate position. The input shaft bearing ensures smooth rotation between the primary sun gear and the primary gear mounting plate to reduce the transmission resistance when the primary sun gear rotates. The primary gear assembly also includes a primary output shaft positioning sleeve and a primary output shaft bearing. The primary output shaft positioning sleeve is fixedly installed under the primary planetary gear. The primary output shaft positioning sleeve is inserted into the primary gear mounting plate. The primary output shaft bearing is installed between the primary output shaft positioning sleeve and the primary gear mounting plate. The upper middle part of the primary output shaft extends into the primary output shaft positioning sleeve and the primary output shaft bearing. The primary output shaft positioning sleeve provides positioning for the primary planetary gear to ensure its accurate position. The primary output shaft bearing ensures smooth rotation between the primary planetary gear and the primary gear mounting plate to reduce the transmission resistance when the primary planetary gear rotates.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the upper end face of the input shaft positioning sleeve is thicker to stably support the larger first-stage sun gear.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, an input shaft washer is provided between the input shaft bearing and the first-stage gear mounting plate to reduce vibration.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, a primary output shaft washer is provided between the primary output shaft bearing and the primary gear mounting plate to reduce vibration.

[0011] Furthermore, the primary gear assembly also includes a mounting plate bearing. A mounting plate bearing is provided between the primary gear mounting plate and the primary internal gear. The mounting plate bearing ensures smooth rotation between the primary gear mounting plate and the primary internal gear, thereby reducing the transmission resistance when the primary gear mounting plate rotates.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, a bearing gear ring is provided between the mounting plate bearing and the first-stage internal gear. The bearing gear ring is connected to the inner ring of the mounting plate bearing and the first-stage internal gear, and the outer ring of the mounting plate bearing is connected to the mounting plate of the first-stage gear. The bearing gear ring serves as a connection and bears axial tensile force.

[0013] Furthermore, the secondary gear assembly also includes an assembly shaft sleeve, an assembly shaft sleeve bearing housing, and an assembly shaft sleeve bearing. The secondary sun gear is fixedly connected to the primary gear mounting plate via the assembly shaft sleeve, ensuring that the secondary sun gear is relatively stationary relative to the primary gear mounting plate. An assembly shaft sleeve bearing housing is fixedly provided on the patterned surface of the patterned wheel, and an assembly shaft sleeve bearing is fitted on the assembly shaft sleeve bearing housing. The lower part of the assembly shaft sleeve is rotatably connected to the patterned surface of the patterned wheel via the assembly shaft sleeve bearing. The patterned surface of the patterned wheel can reduce material and overall weight while ensuring structural strength. The assembly shaft sleeve bearing housing provides support force, and the assembly shaft sleeve bearing ensures smooth rotation between the patterned wheel and the primary gear mounting plate, thereby reducing transmission resistance when the patterned wheel rotates. The lower middle part of the primary output shaft extends into the assembly shaft sleeve, the assembly shaft sleeve bearing, the patterned wheel, and the secondary sun gear but is not connected. The secondary sun gear does not rotate with the primary output shaft. The secondary planetary gear is fixedly connected to the upper part of the secondary output shaft via a keyway; The secondary gear assembly also includes a secondary output shaft bearing housing and a secondary output shaft bearing. The secondary output shaft bearing housing is fixedly mounted on the secondary gear mounting plate, and the secondary output shaft bearing is sleeved on the secondary output shaft bearing housing. The middle part of the secondary output shaft extends into the secondary output shaft bearing. The secondary planetary gear is rotatably connected to the secondary gear mounting plate through the secondary output shaft bearing. The secondary output shaft bearing housing provides support force, and the secondary output shaft bearing ensures smooth rotation between the secondary planetary gear and the secondary gear mounting plate, thereby reducing the transmission resistance when the secondary planetary gear rotates.

[0014] Furthermore, the assembly shaft cylinder is fixedly connected to the first-stage gear mounting plate via an upper wedge, a middle wedge, and a lower wedge. The upper part of the upper wedge is fixedly connected to the first-stage gear mounting plate, and the lower wedge is inserted into the lower part of the upper wedge. The upper part of the assembly shaft cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper and lower wedges via a middle wedge through a pin. After connecting the upper and lower wedges, the middle wedge is embedded to increase the vertical fixing force between the structures, making it easier to lock the upper and lower structures.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the upper and lower wedges are combined and fixed with two short pins instead of one long pin to avoid interference with the first-stage output shaft in the middle of the assembly shaft cylinder.

[0016] Furthermore, the secondary gear assembly also includes a limiting connecting sleeve. The limiting connecting sleeve is fixedly installed on the secondary gear mounting plate. The lower part of the primary output shaft extends into the limiting connecting sleeve and is fixedly connected to the limiting connecting sleeve by a pin. The primary output shaft and the limiting connecting sleeve are locked together by a locking nut.

[0017] Furthermore, the workpiece holder includes a clamping head, a secondary clamping head, a centering disc, a connecting rod, a flexible clamping block, a secondary flexible clamping block, and friction pads. The lower part of the secondary output shaft passes through the secondary gear mounting plate and extends into the upper cavity formed by the merging of the clamping head and the secondary clamping head. It is fixedly connected to the clamping head and the secondary clamping head by a pin. The clamping head is provided with a centering disc, and a connecting rod is provided on the centering disc. The connecting rod is accommodated in the lower cavity of the secondary clamping head. The two connecting rods are respectively connected to the flexible clamping block and the secondary flexible clamping block. The upper part of the secondary flexible clamping block is provided with a stud, which passes through the flexible clamping block and is fastened by a nut. The flexible clamping block is connected to the secondary flexible clamping block by the stud and nut. The lower parts of the flexible clamping block and the secondary flexible clamping block are provided with springs. The two springs respectively press the two friction pads to clamp the workpiece between the two friction pads.

[0018] Furthermore, the connecting assembly includes a frame, a load-bearing connector, and a connecting plate. The driver corresponding to the lifting assembly, as well as the lifting assembly and the abrasive barrel, are fixedly installed on the frame. The output end of the lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the load-bearing connector. The load-bearing connector ensures the overall stability of the vertical movement of the connecting assembly, the first-stage gear assembly, the second-stage gear assembly, and the main components of the workpiece holder. The connecting plate is fixedly installed inside the load-bearing connector, and the driver corresponding to the connecting assembly is fixedly installed on the connecting plate. The connecting assembly also includes a rotary connector. The first-stage internal gear is fixedly connected to the connecting plate through the rotary connector. The output end of the driver corresponding to the connecting assembly passes through the connecting plate and the rotary connector and is connected to the input shaft. The rotary connector ensures the connection load-bearing capacity while also ensuring the fixation of the first-stage internal gear.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, a baffle is fixedly installed under the connecting plate, and the baffle houses a primary gear assembly to prevent dust from entering, thus providing protection.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the output terminal of the driver corresponding to the connection component is provided with a torque limiter to provide overload protection.

[0021] Furthermore, the lifting assembly includes a lead screw, a slide table, and a guide rail. The output end of the driver corresponding to the lifting assembly is connected to the lead screw. The lead screw is fitted with a slide table to form a ball screw structure. The slide table is fixedly connected to the load-bearing connecting component. The two sides of the slide table are locked onto the guide rail. The main components of the connecting assembly, the first-stage gear assembly, the second-stage gear assembly, and the workpiece holder are moved up and down through the rotational movement of the lead screw.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the lead screw is fixedly connected to the frame through two upper and lower lead screw positioning blocks, the optical axis of the lead screw extends into the lead screw positioning block, and the end is fastened by a nut, and the guide rail is fixedly connected to the frame through two upper and lower guide rail clamps.

[0023] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide an automatic rotary polishing method, which uses the aforementioned polishing machine to perform rotary polishing of a workpiece, the method comprising the following steps: First, the driver corresponding to the lifting assembly is operated to move the workpiece upwards, replacing the workpiece that needs polishing. Then, the driver corresponding to the connecting assembly is activated to provide driving force to the input shaft, causing the first-stage sun gear to rotate, which in turn causes the first-stage planetary gears to rotate on their own axis and revolve around the sun. At the same time, the rotation of the first-stage planetary gears drives the second-stage gear mounting plate to rotate through the first-stage output shaft, causing the second-stage planetary gears to revolve around the sun. Meanwhile, the second-stage sun gear remains stationary, causing the second-stage planetary gears to rotate on their own axis. The rotation of the second-stage planetary gears drives the workpiece holder to rotate through the second-stage output shaft, thus realizing the workpiece's rotation and double revolution. Finally, the driver corresponding to the lifting assembly is operated again to move the workpiece downwards to a suitable position to contact the polishing abrasive below for polishing.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention utilizes the transmission characteristics of the two-stage planetary gear system to realize the workpiece's rotation and double revolution, namely, the workpiece's rotation, the workpiece's revolution around the second-stage sun gear, and the second-stage sun gear's revolution around the first-stage sun gear. Combined with the transmission of the lifting component, the workpiece can move up and down, control the workpiece's entry and exit from the abrasive barrel, and make the workpiece polish more uniform, thereby improving the workpiece's performance and service life, and saving manpower and material resources. (2) The present invention is provided with multiple secondary gear assemblies, and each secondary gear assembly can be loaded with multiple workpiece holders, which can realize the simultaneous polishing of multiple workpieces, greatly improving production efficiency and saving time and cost; (3) In this invention, the first-stage gear assembly is achieved by adding a fixed first-stage internal gear on the outer layer and rotating the first-stage sun gear to realize the rotation and revolution of the first-stage planetary gear. In the second-stage gear assembly, the second-stage sun gear is fixed and the second-stage gear mounting plate is rotated to realize the rotation and revolution of the second-stage planetary gear. Furthermore, a shaft sleeve and a wedge are used at the second-stage sun gear to fix the second-stage sun gear to the first-stage gear mounting plate, and a limiting connecting sleeve is used to fix the second-stage output shaft and the second-stage gear mounting plate to make the second-stage gear mounting plate rotate, thereby realizing the rotation and revolution of the second-stage planetary gear. (4) The present invention adopts a workpiece holder with a flexible clamping block pair with adjustable spacing, friction pad and spring combination structure, which can adapt to workpieces of different shapes and sizes, clamping quickly and stably, avoiding damage caused by the workpiece not being positioned during the polishing process; in addition, the flexible clamping block pair is connected to the centering disk through symmetrical connecting rods and has a self-centering function. (5) The components of the present invention are easy to install and have a simple structure, which can meet the needs of various production situations. It can make polishing technology easier to integrate into production practice and has a profound impact on the development of polishing technology and even the prosperity of the entire manufacturing industry. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is an isometric exploded view of the automatic rotary polishing machine in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded axle view of the first-stage gear assembly in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the structure of the first-stage gear in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the axle assembly of the primary gear and shaft in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the input shaft and the first-stage gear mounting plate in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the axle-view assembly of the first-stage planetary gear and the first-stage gear mounting plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the axle-view assembly of the first-stage gear mounting plate and the mounting plate bearing in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is an exploded isometric view of the secondary gear assembly and workpiece holder in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a top view of the secondary gear in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the axle-view assembly of the first-stage output shaft and the flower-shaped wheel in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the wedge and the secondary gear in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 This is an exploded view of the isometric assembly of the primary gear mounting plate and the upper wedge in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 This is an exploded view of the wedge and the assembly shaft in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 This is an exploded view of the assembly of the shaft cylinder and the flower wheel in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 This is an exploded view of the axle-view assembly of the flower-shaped wheel and the secondary gear mounting plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 This is an exploded view of the isometric assembly of the secondary output shaft bearing and the secondary gear mounting plate in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 This is an exploded isometric view of the workpiece holder in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 18 This is an isometric assembly diagram of the abrasive barrel, drive structure, and lifting assembly with the frame in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 19This is an isometric assembly diagram of the slide, lead screw, and guide rail in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of markings in the diagram: 1—Guide rail clamping block, 2—Slide table, 3—Lead screw, 4—Guide rail, 5—Frame, 43—Lead screw positioning block, 44—Abrasive barrel, 45—Driver; 6—Load-bearing connector, 7—Guard, 46—Torque limiter, 47—Connecting plate; 8—Bearing gear ring; 9—Mounting plate bearing; 10—Rotary connector; 11—First-stage internal gear, 12—Input shaft, 13—First-stage output shaft, 14—First-stage sun gear, 15—Input shaft locating sleeve, 16—Input shaft bearing, 17—Input shaft washer, 18—First-stage planetary gear, 19—First-stage output shaft bearing, 20—First-stage gear mounting plate, 48—First-stage output shaft locating sleeve, 49—First-stage output shaft washer; 21—Upper wedge, 22—Middle wedge, 23—Lower wedge, 24—Assembly shaft sleeve, 25—Assembly shaft sleeve bearing seat, 26—Flower-shaped wheel; 27—Secondary sun gear, 28—Secondary output shaft, 29—Secondary planetary gear, 30—Secondary output shaft bearing, 31—Limit connecting sleeve, 32—Secondary output shaft bearing seat, 33—Secondary gear mounting plate, 34—Lock nut; 35—Clamp head, 36—Centering disk, 37—Connecting rod, 38—Secondary clamp head; 39—Flexible clamping block, 40—Secondary flexible clamping block, 41—Friction pad, 42—Workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., used to describe a common object only indicate different instances of the same object, and do not imply that the objects described in this way must be in a given order, whether temporally, spatially, sequentially, or in any other way.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] Example 1: An automatic rotary polishing machine, such as Figure 1 As shown, the assembly includes a driver 45, a lifting assembly, a connecting assembly, a primary gear assembly, a secondary gear assembly, a workpiece holder, and an abrasive barrel 44. The output end of the driver 45 corresponding to the lifting assembly is connected to the input end of the lifting assembly. The output end of the lifting assembly is connected to the connecting assembly. The connecting assembly is connected to the primary gear assembly. The output end of the driver 45 corresponding to the connecting assembly is connected to the input end of the primary gear assembly. The output end of the primary gear assembly is connected to the input end of the secondary gear assembly. The output end of the secondary gear assembly is connected to the workpiece holder. The workpiece holder is loaded with a workpiece 42. An abrasive barrel 44 is provided below the workpiece 42. The abrasive barrel 44 contains polishing sand. The gears in the primary gear assembly and the secondary gear assembly are both planetary gear systems. In this embodiment, the driver 45 is a motor, and the polishing abrasive is diamond abrasive; The connecting assembly includes a frame 5, a load-bearing connector 6, and a connecting plate 47. The driver 45 corresponding to the lifting assembly, as well as the lifting assembly and the abrasive barrel 44, are fixedly installed on the frame 5. The output end of the lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the load-bearing connector 6. The load-bearing connector 6 ensures the overall stability of the vertical movement of the connecting assembly, the first-stage gear assembly, the second-stage gear assembly, and the main components of the workpiece holder. The connecting plate 47 is fixedly installed inside the load-bearing connector 6, and the driver 45 corresponding to the connecting assembly is fixedly installed on the connecting plate 47. A baffle 7 is fixedly installed under the connecting plate 47. The baffle 7 contains a primary gear assembly to prevent dust from entering and to provide protection. The output terminal of the driver 45 corresponding to the connection component is equipped with a torque limiter 46 to provide overload protection; like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the primary gear assembly includes a primary sun gear 14, a primary planetary gear 18, a primary internal gear 11, an input shaft 12, a primary output shaft 13, and a primary gear mounting plate 20. The primary sun gear 14, primary planetary gear 18, and primary internal gear 11 are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The primary planetary gear 18 meshes with the primary sun gear 14 and the primary internal gear 11 respectively. The primary sun gear 14 is fixedly connected to the input shaft 12, the primary planetary gear 18 is fixedly connected to the primary output shaft 13, and the primary internal gear 11 is fixedly connected to the connecting assembly. The sun gear 14 and the primary planetary gear 18 are mounted on the primary gear mounting plate 20. The primary internal gear 11 is fixed, and the input shaft 12 drives the primary sun gear 14 to rotate, which in turn drives the primary planetary gear 18 and the primary gear mounting plate 20 to rotate in opposite directions. The primary planetary gear 18 and the primary gear mounting plate 20 are fixed in relative position, realizing the revolution and rotation of the primary planetary gear 18. The connecting assembly also includes a rotary connector 10. The first-stage internal gear 11 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 47 through the rotary connector 10. The output end of the driver 45 corresponding to the connecting assembly passes through the connecting plate 47 and the rotary connector 10 and is connected to the input shaft 12. The rotary connector 10 ensures the connection load-bearing capacity while also ensuring the fixation of the first-stage internal gear 11. like Figure 4 As shown, the first-stage sun gear 14 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the input shaft 12 via a keyway, and the first-stage planetary gear 18 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the first-stage output shaft 13 via a keyway. like Figure 5 As shown, the primary gear assembly also includes an input shaft positioning sleeve 15 and an input shaft bearing 16. The input shaft positioning sleeve 15 is fixedly installed under the primary sun gear 14. The input shaft positioning sleeve 15 is inserted into the primary gear mounting plate 20. The input shaft bearing 16 is provided between the input shaft positioning sleeve 15 and the primary gear mounting plate 20. The lower part of the input shaft 12 extends into the input shaft positioning sleeve 15 and the input shaft bearing 16. The input shaft positioning sleeve 15 provides positioning for the primary sun gear 14 to ensure its accurate position. The input shaft bearing 16 ensures smooth rotation between the primary sun gear 14 and the primary gear mounting plate 20 to reduce the transmission resistance when the primary sun gear 14 rotates. The upper end face of the input shaft positioning sleeve 15 is thicker to stably support the larger first-stage sun gear 14; In this embodiment, the input shaft bearing 16 is selected as an angular contact ball bearing to withstand the axial force generated by the gravity of the first-stage sun gear 14 on the input shaft bearing 16, as well as the radial force generated by the instability of the output end of the driver 45 corresponding to the connection component in actual operation on the input shaft bearing 16. An input shaft washer 17 is provided between the input shaft bearing 16 and the first-stage gear mounting plate 20 to reduce vibration; like Figure 6As shown, the primary gear assembly also includes a primary output shaft positioning sleeve 48 and a primary output shaft bearing 19. The primary output shaft positioning sleeve 48 is fixedly installed under the primary planetary gear 18. The primary output shaft positioning sleeve 48 is inserted into the primary gear mounting plate 20. The primary output shaft bearing 19 is provided between the primary output shaft positioning sleeve 48 and the primary gear mounting plate 20. The upper middle part of the primary output shaft 13 extends into the primary output shaft positioning sleeve 48 and the primary output shaft bearing 19. The primary output shaft positioning sleeve 48 provides positioning for the primary planetary gear 18 to ensure its accurate position. The primary output shaft bearing 19 ensures smooth rotation between the primary planetary gear 18 and the primary gear mounting plate 20 to reduce the transmission resistance when the primary planetary gear 18 rotates. In this embodiment, the first-stage output shaft bearing 19 is selected as an angular contact ball bearing to bear the axial force generated by the gravity of the first-stage planetary gear 18 on the first-stage output shaft bearing 19, as well as the radial force generated by the rotation of the first-stage planetary gear 18 around the first-stage sun gear 14 driving the first-stage gear mounting plate 20 to rotate on the first-stage output shaft bearing 19. A primary output shaft washer 49 is provided between the primary output shaft bearing 19 and the primary gear mounting plate 20 to reduce vibration. like Figure 7 As shown, the primary gear assembly also includes a mounting plate bearing 9. The mounting plate bearing 9 is provided between the primary gear mounting plate 20 and the primary internal gear 11. The mounting plate bearing 9 ensures smooth rotation between the primary gear mounting plate 20 and the primary internal gear 11, thereby reducing the transmission resistance when the primary gear mounting plate 20 rotates. In this embodiment, the mounting plate bearing 9 is a crossed cylindrical roller bearing, which can withstand both radial and bidirectional axial loads to provide gravity support for the first-stage gear mounting plate 20 and can also resist overturning moment to cope with unstable factors in actual operation. A bearing gear ring 8 is provided between the mounting plate bearing 9 and the first-stage internal gear 11. The bearing gear ring 8 is connected to the inner ring of the mounting plate bearing 9 and the first-stage internal gear 11. The outer ring of the mounting plate bearing 9 is connected to the first-stage gear mounting plate 20. The bearing gear ring 8 serves as a connection and bears the axial tensile force. like Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the secondary gear assembly includes a secondary sun gear 27, a secondary planetary gear 29, a flower-shaped gear 26, a secondary output shaft 28, and a secondary gear mounting plate 33. The secondary internal gears of the secondary sun gear 27, secondary planetary gear 29, and flower-shaped gear 26 are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The secondary planetary gear 29 meshes with the secondary internal gears of the secondary sun gear 27 and flower-shaped gear 26, respectively. The secondary sun gear 27 is fixedly connected to the primary gear mounting plate 20, and the secondary planetary gear 29 is fixedly connected to the secondary output shaft 28. The flower-shaped surface of the flower-shaped gear 26 is rotatably connected to the primary gear mounting plate 20. The secondary gear mounting plate 33 is fixedly connected to the primary output shaft 13. The secondary planetary gear 29 is mounted on the secondary gear mounting plate 33. The secondary sun gear 27 is fixed, and the primary output shaft 13 drives the secondary gear mounting plate 33 to rotate, causing the secondary planetary gear 29 and flower-shaped gear 26 to rotate in the same direction. The relative position of the secondary planetary gear 29 and the secondary gear mounting plate 33 is fixed, realizing the rotation and revolution of the secondary planetary gear 29. like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the secondary gear assembly also includes an assembly sleeve 24, an assembly sleeve bearing seat 25, and an assembly sleeve bearing. The secondary sun gear 27 is fixedly connected to the primary gear mounting plate 20 via the assembly sleeve 24, ensuring that the secondary sun gear 27 is relatively stationary relative to the primary gear mounting plate 20. The assembly sleeve bearing seat 25 is fixedly provided on the patterned surface of the patterned wheel 26, and the assembly sleeve bearing is sleeved on the assembly sleeve bearing seat 25. The lower part of the assembly sleeve 24 is rotatably connected to the patterned surface of the patterned wheel 26 via the assembly sleeve bearing. The patterned surface of the patterned wheel 26 can reduce material and overall weight while ensuring structural strength. The assembly sleeve bearing seat 25 provides support force, and the assembly sleeve bearing ensures smooth rotation between the patterned wheel 26 and the primary gear mounting plate 20, thereby reducing the transmission resistance when the patterned wheel 26 rotates. The middle and lower part of the primary output shaft 13 extends into the assembly sleeve 24, the assembly sleeve bearing, the patterned wheel 26, and the secondary sun gear 27 but is not connected. The secondary sun gear 27 does not rotate with the primary output shaft 13. In this embodiment, the assembly shaft bearing is selected as an angular contact ball bearing to withstand the axial force generated by the gravity of the flower wheel 26 on the assembly shaft bearing, as well as the radial force generated by the rotation of the secondary gear mounting plate 33 driving the flower wheel 26 to rotate around the secondary sun gear 27 on the assembly shaft bearing. The secondary planetary gear 29 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the secondary output shaft 28 via a keyway; like Figures 12 to 14As shown, the assembly shaft cylinder 24 is fixedly connected to the first-stage gear mounting plate 20 via an upper wedge 21, a middle wedge 22, and a lower wedge 23. The upper part of the upper wedge 21 is fixedly connected to the first-stage gear mounting plate 20, and the lower wedge 23 is inserted into the lower part of the upper wedge 21. The upper part of the assembly shaft cylinder 24 is fixedly connected to the upper wedge 21 and the lower wedge 23 via a pin through the middle wedge 22. After connecting the upper wedge 21 and the lower wedge 23, the middle wedge 22 is embedded to increase the vertical fixing force between the structures and facilitate the locking of the upper and lower structures. After the upper wedge 21 and the lower wedge 23 are combined, two short pins are used instead of one long pin for fixing to avoid interference with the first-stage output shaft 13 in the middle of the assembly shaft cylinder 24; like Figure 15 As shown, the secondary gear assembly also includes a limiting connecting sleeve 31. The limiting connecting sleeve 31 is fixedly installed on the secondary gear mounting plate 33. The lower part of the primary output shaft 13 extends into the limiting connecting sleeve 31 and is fixedly connected to the limiting connecting sleeve 31 by a pin. The primary output shaft 13 and the limiting connecting sleeve 31 are locked together by a locking nut 34. like Figure 16 As shown, the secondary gear assembly also includes a secondary output shaft bearing housing 32 and a secondary output shaft bearing 30. The secondary output shaft bearing housing 32 is fixedly mounted on the secondary gear mounting plate 33, and the secondary output shaft bearing 30 is sleeved on the secondary output shaft bearing housing 32. The middle part of the secondary output shaft 28 extends into the secondary output shaft bearing 30. The secondary planetary gear 29 is rotatably connected to the secondary gear mounting plate 33 through the secondary output shaft bearing 30. The secondary output shaft bearing housing 32 provides support force, and the secondary output shaft bearing 30 ensures smooth rotation between the secondary planetary gear 29 and the secondary gear mounting plate 33, thereby reducing the transmission resistance when the secondary planetary gear 29 rotates. In this embodiment, the secondary output shaft bearing 30 is selected as an angular contact ball bearing to bear the axial force generated by the gravity of the secondary planetary gear 29 on the secondary output shaft bearing 30, as well as the radial force generated by the rotation of the secondary gear mounting plate 33 driving the secondary planetary gear 29 to rotate around the secondary sun gear 27 on the secondary output shaft bearing 30. like Figure 17 As shown, the secondary output shaft 28 is fixedly connected to the workpiece holder, and the rotation and double revolution of the workpiece 42 on the workpiece holder are realized by the rotation of the secondary planetary gear 29 relative to the primary sun gear 14. The workpiece holder includes a clamping head 35, a secondary clamping head 38, a centering disc 36, a connecting rod 37, a flexible clamping block 39, a secondary flexible clamping block 40, and a friction pad 41. The lower part of the secondary output shaft 28 passes through the secondary gear mounting plate 33 and extends into the upper cavity formed by the merging of the clamping head 35 and the secondary clamping head 38. It is fixedly connected to the clamping head 35 and the secondary clamping head 38 by a pin. The clamping head 35 is provided with a centering disc 36, and the centering disc 36 is provided with a connecting rod 37. The connecting rod 37 contains... The two connecting rods 37 are respectively connected to the flexible clamping block 39 and the secondary flexible clamping block 40 in the lower cavity of the secondary clamping head 38. The upper part of the secondary flexible clamping block 40 is provided with a stud, which passes through the flexible clamping block 39 and is fastened by a nut. The flexible clamping block 39 is connected to the secondary flexible clamping block 40 through the stud and nut. The lower part of the flexible clamping block 39 and the secondary flexible clamping block 40 is provided with a spring. The two springs press the two friction pads 41 respectively to clamp the workpiece 42 between the two friction pads 41. In this embodiment, the friction pad 41 is made of sponge; like Figure 18 As shown, the lifting assembly includes a lead screw 3, a slide table 2, and a guide rail 4. The corresponding driver 45 of the lifting assembly is connected to the lead screw 3. The slide table 2 is mounted on the lead screw 3 to form a ball screw structure. The slide table 2 is fixedly connected to the load-bearing connecting piece 6. The two sides of the slide table 2 are locked on the guide rail 4. The main components of the connecting assembly, the first-stage gear assembly, the second-stage gear assembly, and the workpiece holder are moved up and down by the rotation of the lead screw 3. like Figure 19 As shown, the lead screw 3 is fixedly connected to the frame 5 through two upper and lower lead screw positioning blocks 43. The optical axis of the lead screw 3 extends into the lead screw positioning block 43 and is fastened at the end by a nut. The guide rail 4 is fixedly connected to the frame 5 through two upper and lower guide rail clamps 1. In this embodiment, one primary sun gear 14 corresponds to three primary planetary gears 18, that is, three secondary sun gears 27, and one secondary sun gear 27 corresponds to six secondary planetary gears 29, that is, six sets of workpiece holders. One set of workpiece holders carries one workpiece 42, and the workpiece 42 is a cutting tool. Unless otherwise specified, screws are used for fixed connections to ensure a secure connection, and steel is used for the structural material.

[0031] Example 2: An automatic rotary polishing method, using the polishing machine described in Example 1 to perform rotary polishing of tools and workpieces, includes the following specific steps: First, the driver 45 corresponding to the lifting assembly is operated to move the workpiece 42 upward, replacing the workpiece 42 that needs to be polished. Then, the driver 45 corresponding to the connecting assembly is activated to provide driving force to the input shaft 12, which drives the first-stage sun gear 14 to rotate, causing the first-stage planetary gear 18 to rotate on its own axis and revolve around the sun. At the same time, the rotation of the first-stage planetary gear 18 drives the second-stage gear mounting plate 33 to rotate through the first-stage output shaft 13, causing the second-stage planetary gear 29 to revolve around the sun. Meanwhile, the second-stage sun gear 27 remains stationary, causing the second-stage planetary gear 29 to rotate on its own axis. The rotation of the second-stage planetary gear 29 drives the workpiece holder to rotate through the second-stage output shaft 28, thereby realizing the rotation and double revolution of the workpiece 42. Finally, the driver 45 corresponding to the lifting assembly is operated again to move the workpiece 42 down to a suitable position to contact the polishing sand below for polishing.

[0032] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic rotary polishing machine, characterized in that, The polishing machine includes a driver (45), a lifting assembly, a connecting assembly, a primary gear assembly, a secondary gear assembly, a workpiece rack, and an abrasive barrel (44). The output end of the driver (45) corresponding to the lifting assembly is connected to the input end of the lifting assembly. The output end of the lifting assembly is connected to the connecting assembly. The connecting assembly is connected to the primary gear assembly. The output end of the driver (45) corresponding to the connecting assembly is connected to the input end of the primary gear assembly. The output end of the primary gear assembly is connected to the input end of the secondary gear assembly. The output end of the secondary gear assembly is connected to the workpiece rack. The workpiece rack is loaded with a workpiece (42). An abrasive barrel (44) is provided below the workpiece (42). The abrasive barrel (44) contains polishing sand. The gears in the primary gear assembly and the secondary gear assembly are both planetary gear trains. The primary gear assembly includes a primary sun gear (14), a primary planetary gear (18), a primary internal gear (11), an input shaft (12), a primary output shaft (13), and a primary gear mounting plate (20). The primary sun gear (14), primary planetary gear (18), and primary internal gear (11) are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The primary planetary gear (18) meshes with the primary sun gear (14) and the primary internal gear (11) respectively. The primary sun gear (14) is fixedly connected to the input shaft (12). The primary planetary gear (18) is fixedly connected to the primary output shaft (13). The primary internal gear (11) is fixedly connected to the connecting assembly. The sun gear (14) and the primary planetary gear (18) are mounted on the primary gear mounting plate (20). The primary internal gear (11) is fixed, and the input shaft (12) drives the primary sun gear (14) to rotate, causing the primary planetary gear (18) and the primary gear mounting plate (20) to rotate in the opposite direction. The secondary gear assembly includes a secondary sun gear (27), a secondary planetary gear (29), a flower-shaped gear (26), a secondary output shaft (28), and a secondary gear mounting plate (33). The secondary internal gears of the secondary sun gear (27), the secondary planetary gear (29), and the flower-shaped gear (26) are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside. The secondary planetary gear (29) meshes with the secondary internal gears of the secondary sun gear (27) and the flower-shaped gear (26), respectively. The secondary sun gear (27) is fixedly connected to the primary gear mounting plate (20). The secondary planetary gear (29) is fixedly connected to the secondary output shaft (28), the flower-shaped surface of the flower-shaped wheel (26) is rotatably connected to the primary gear mounting plate (20), the secondary gear mounting plate (33) is fixedly connected to the primary output shaft (13), the secondary planetary gear (29) is mounted on the secondary gear mounting plate (33), the secondary sun gear (27) is fixed, and the primary output shaft (13) drives the secondary gear mounting plate (33) to rotate, causing the secondary planetary gear (29) and the flower-shaped wheel (26) to rotate in the same direction; The secondary output shaft (28) is fixedly connected to the workpiece holder.

2. The automatic rotary polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first-stage sun gear (14) is fixedly connected to the input shaft (12) via a keyway, and the first-stage planetary gear (18) is fixedly connected to the first-stage output shaft (13) via a keyway; The primary gear assembly also includes an input shaft positioning sleeve (15) and an input shaft bearing (16). The input shaft positioning sleeve (15) is fixedly installed under the primary sun gear (14). The input shaft positioning sleeve (15) is inserted into the primary gear mounting plate (20). The input shaft bearing (16) is provided between the input shaft positioning sleeve (15) and the primary gear mounting plate (20). The input shaft (12) extends into the input shaft positioning sleeve (15) and the input shaft bearing (16). The primary gear assembly also includes a primary output shaft positioning sleeve (48) and a primary output shaft bearing (19). The primary output shaft positioning sleeve (48) is fixedly installed under the primary planetary gear (18). The primary output shaft positioning sleeve (48) is inserted into the primary gear mounting plate (20). The primary output shaft bearing (19) is provided between the primary output shaft positioning sleeve (48) and the primary gear mounting plate (20). The primary output shaft (13) extends into the primary output shaft positioning sleeve (48) and the primary output shaft bearing (19).

3. An automatic rotary polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary gear assembly also includes a mounting plate bearing (9), and the mounting plate bearing (9) is provided between the primary gear mounting plate (20) and the primary internal gear (11).

4. An automatic rotary polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary gear assembly also includes an assembly cylinder (24), an assembly cylinder bearing seat (25), and an assembly cylinder bearing. The secondary sun gear (27) is fixedly connected to the primary gear mounting plate (20) through the assembly cylinder (24). The assembly cylinder bearing seat (25) is fixedly provided on the flower surface of the flower wheel (26). The assembly cylinder bearing is sleeved on the assembly cylinder bearing seat (25). The assembly cylinder (24) is rotatably connected to the flower surface of the flower wheel (26) through the assembly cylinder bearing. The primary output shaft (13) extends into the assembly cylinder (24), the assembly cylinder bearing, the flower wheel (26), and the secondary sun gear (27) but is not connected. The secondary planetary gear (29) is fixedly connected to the secondary output shaft (28) via a keyway; The secondary gear assembly also includes a secondary output shaft bearing housing (32) and a secondary output shaft bearing (30). The secondary output shaft bearing housing (32) is fixedly installed on the secondary gear mounting plate (33). The secondary output shaft bearing (30) is sleeved on the secondary output shaft bearing housing (32). The secondary output shaft (28) extends into the secondary output shaft bearing (30). The secondary planetary gear (29) is rotatably connected to the secondary gear mounting plate (33) through the secondary output shaft bearing (30).

5. An automatic rotary polishing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The assembly shaft cylinder (24) is fixedly connected to the first-stage gear mounting plate (20) via an upper wedge (21), a middle wedge (22) and a lower wedge (23). The upper wedge (21) is fixedly connected to the first-stage gear mounting plate (20), and the lower wedge (23) is inserted into the upper wedge (21). The assembly shaft cylinder (24) is fixedly connected to the upper wedge (21) and the lower wedge (23) via a middle wedge (22) through a pin. After connecting the upper wedge (21) and the lower wedge (23), the middle wedge (22) is embedded.

6. An automatic rotary polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary gear assembly also includes a limiting connecting sleeve (31). The limiting connecting sleeve (31) is fixedly installed on the secondary gear mounting plate (33). The primary output shaft (13) extends into the limiting connecting sleeve (31) and is fixedly connected to the limiting connecting sleeve (31) by a pin. The primary output shaft (13) and the limiting connecting sleeve (31) are locked together by a locking nut (34).

7. An automatic rotary polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece holder includes a clamping head (35), a secondary clamping head (38), a centering disc (36), a connecting rod (37), a flexible clamping block (39), a secondary flexible clamping block (40), and a friction pad (41). The secondary output shaft (28) passes through the secondary gear mounting plate (33) and extends into the upper cavity formed by the merging of the clamping head (35) and the secondary clamping head (38). It is fixedly connected to the clamping head (35) and the secondary clamping head (38) by a pin. The clamping head (35) is provided with a centering disc (36), and the centering disc (36) is provided with a connecting rod (37). The connecting rod (37) is housed in the lower cavity of the secondary clamping head (38). The two connecting rods (37) are respectively connected to the flexible clamping block (39) and the secondary flexible clamping block (40). The secondary flexible clamping block (40) is provided with a stud. The stud passes through the flexible clamping block (39) and is fastened by a nut. The flexible clamping block (39) is connected to the secondary flexible clamping block (40) through the stud and nut. The flexible clamping block (39) and the secondary flexible clamping block (40) are provided with springs. The two springs respectively press the two friction pads (41) to clamp the workpiece (42) between the two friction pads (41).

8. An automatic rotary polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting assembly includes a frame (5), a load-bearing connector (6), and a connecting plate (47). The driver (45) corresponding to the lifting assembly, as well as the lifting assembly and the abrasive barrel (44), are fixedly installed on the frame (5). The output end of the lifting assembly is fixedly connected to the load-bearing connector (6). The connecting plate (47) is fixedly installed inside the load-bearing connector (6). The driver (45) corresponding to the connecting assembly is fixedly installed on the connecting plate (47). The connecting assembly also includes a rotary connector (10), the first-stage internal gear (11) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (47) through the rotary connector (10), and the output end of the driver (45) corresponding to the connecting assembly passes through the connecting plate (47) and the rotary connector (10) and is connected to the input shaft (12).

9. An automatic rotary polishing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The lifting assembly includes a lead screw (3), a slide (2) and a guide rail (4). The output end of the driver (45) corresponding to the lifting assembly is connected to the lead screw (3). The slide (2) is sleeved on the lead screw (3) to form a ball screw structure. The slide (2) is fixedly connected to the load-bearing connector (6). The two sides of the slide (2) are clamped on the guide rail (4).

10. An automatic rotary polishing method, characterized in that, This method uses a polishing machine as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 to perform rotary polishing of a workpiece, the method comprising the following steps: First, the driver (45) corresponding to the lifting component is manipulated to move the workpiece (42) upward and replace the workpiece (42) that needs to be polished; then the driver (45) corresponding to the connecting component is started to provide driving force to the input shaft (12), which drives the first-stage sun gear (14) to rotate, causing the first-stage planetary gear (18) to rotate and revolve. At the same time, the rotation of the first-stage planetary gear (18) drives the second-stage gear mounting plate (33) to rotate through the first-stage output shaft (13), causing the second-stage planetary gear (29) to revolve. Meanwhile, the second-stage sun gear (27) remains stationary, causing the second-stage planetary gear (29) to rotate. The rotation of the second-stage planetary gear (29) drives the workpiece holder to rotate through the second-stage output shaft (28), thereby realizing the rotation and double revolution of the workpiece (42); finally, the driver (45) corresponding to the lifting component is manipulated again to move the workpiece (42) downward and contact the polishing sand below for polishing.

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