Coupling test device for earthquake low-angle flow slip disaster

Abstract

The invention discloses a coupling test device for an earthquake low-angle flow slip disaster. The device comprises three horizontal vibration conduction assemblies, a bidirectional telescopic bearing support, a vertical oil pressure action element, a flow slip model box used for filling a flow slip test soil body, a saturated water level box and a row type spraying assembly. The saturated water level box is used for realizing water saturation at the bottom of the soil layer of the flow-slip model box, and the row-type spraying assembly is used for simulating non-uniform infiltration of the earth surface. According to the invention, rainfall, power loading and bottom water saturation systems are integrated, so that rainfall-earthquake-water saturation multi-factor coupling simulation is realized; a detachable row type spraying device and a permeable stone plate interlayer are adopted, so that local non-uniform infiltration can be accurately simulated, boundary interference is eliminated, liquefied soil is prevented from flowing backwards, and the test precision and the system stability are remarkably improved; the special vibration device is used for replacing a large vibration table, so that the cost and the operation and maintenance cost are greatly reduced, and the problems of functional redundancy, high connection safety risk under extreme working conditions and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slipway disaster testing equipment, and in particular to a coupled testing device for low-angle slipway disasters caused by earthquakes. Background Technology

[0002] As a unique geological hazard distinct from traditional landslides, landslides are triggered by a mechanism highly dependent on the liquefaction and instability of the underlying saturated silt layer under vibrational loads, exhibiting strong concealment, suddenness, and destructiveness. However, due to the scarcity of typical examples and the complexity of triggering conditions, existing research methods struggle to systematically elucidate their catastrophic mechanisms. While indoor model box tests have become the mainstream approach due to their shorter cycle and ease of operation compared to costly and complex in-situ and scaled-up tests, dedicated testing equipment for landslide hazards remains lacking, indicating a fundamental deficiency in current technology.

[0003] The limitations of existing rainfall-based landslide testing devices are particularly prominent. These devices only add a spray system to the top of the model box, resulting in three fatal flaws: First, the dynamic load is completely missing, making it impossible to simulate the coupling effect between key vibration triggers such as earthquakes and the seepage field; second, the hydrogeological conditions are simulated in a single way, only achieving uniform surface rainfall, and failing to reproduce the bottom saturation conditions and complex underground seepage environment required for landslides; third, the local hydrological control capacity is zero, making it difficult to simulate the local high seepage field caused by agricultural irrigation or water conservancy facilities, which are important triggering factors for landslides. This fragmented functional design prevents the device from capturing the essential characteristics of multi-physics coupling in landslides.

[0004] Furthermore, existing technologies employing large shaking table systems face structural contradictions. While they can achieve three-dimensional, six-degree-of-freedom loading, there is a severe imbalance between functional redundancy and economic efficiency: simplified regular landslide models in experiments only require horizontal and vertical excitation, leaving the vertical functions of expensive equipment largely idle, resulting in a huge waste of resources. Even worse, economic costs constitute an insurmountable barrier; equipment procurement, dedicated laboratory construction, and subsequent operation and maintenance costs increase exponentially, excluding ordinary research institutions and leading to a high degree of monopoly on research resources. Most dangerously, there is a fatal risk to connection safety. The rigid bolted connection between the model box and the table is subjected to enormous shear forces under high acceleration and heavy load conditions, making it highly susceptible to failure, slippage, or even overturning, posing a serious threat to personnel and equipment. This oversized setup is neither necessary nor sustainable.

[0005] In summary, the existing technology system exhibits three major shortcomings: functionally, it cannot achieve multi-factor coupling of rainfall, earthquake, and water saturation; economically, its uncontrolled costs preclude its widespread application; and in terms of safety, its structural reliability is insufficient under extreme conditions. These shortcomings collectively result in a long-standing lack of effective indoor testing methods for slipway disaster research, necessitating a dedicated, economical, and safe integrated testing device to fill this gap in the field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a coupled test device for low-angle landslide disasters caused by earthquakes, in order to solve the technical problem that existing test devices are unable to coordinately simulate the disaster-causing environment caused by the coupling of multiple physical fields such as seismic dynamics, surface rainfall and bottom water saturation, and lack dedicated simulation methods for landslide disasters.

[0007] In view of the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes, including three horizontal vibration transmission components, a bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket connected to the horizontal vibration transmission components, a vertical hydraulic actuating element connected to the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket, a slippage model box for filling slippage test soil connected to the vertical hydraulic actuating element, and at least one set of vertical telescopic fixed brackets detachably connecting the slippage model box and the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket; saturated water level tanks are welded to the opposite side walls of the slippage model box, and a row-type spray assembly is detachably installed on the top of the slippage model box;

[0008] The horizontal vibration transmission component is used to provide horizontal vibration load, the vertical hydraulic actuation element is used to provide vertical vibration load, the saturated water level tank is used to saturate the bottom of the soil layer in the flow slip model box to form a controllable seepage boundary, and the row-type spray assembly is used to simulate non-uniform infiltration at the ground surface.

[0009] Optionally, the saturated water level tank includes a tank body with a receiving cavity, a permeable stone slab connected to one side wall of the tank body, and a permeable plate connected to the side wall of the permeable stone slab. The permeable plate, the side wall of the tank body connected to the permeable stone slab, and the side wall of the flow-slide model tank connected to the permeable plate are all provided with a plurality of evenly arranged permeable holes. A first water inlet is provided on the bottom wall of the tank body, and a water level gauge is provided on the side wall of the tank body.

[0010] Optionally, the row-type spray assembly includes a spray bracket, multiple rows of spray pipes mounted on the spray bracket, at least one nozzle disposed on the spray pipes, and a second water inlet disposed on the spray bracket and communicating with the spray pipes;

[0011] A water-stop plug is installed on the mounting interface of the spray pipe on the side wall of the spray bracket, and the spray bracket is detachably connected to the top of the flow model box by a first fastener.

[0012] Optionally, the three horizontal vibration transmission components are evenly spaced in the horizontal direction. Each horizontal vibration transmission component includes a transmission guide rail, a transverse hydraulic actuating element connected to both ends of the transmission guide rail by a ring-shaped high-strength bolt and nut, a first load-bearing support and a second load-bearing support slidably sleeved on the transmission guide rail; the two horizontal vibration transmission components arranged on both sides also include a third load-bearing support slidably sleeved in the middle of the transmission guide rail.

[0013] The first load-bearing support, the second load-bearing support, and the third load-bearing support are all detachably connected to the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket.

[0014] Optionally, the horizontal vibration transmission assembly further includes a dustproof box for mounting the transmission guide rail, the transmission guide rail and the dustproof box being connected by drag-reducing ball bearings; the bottoms of the first load-bearing support, the second load-bearing support and the third load-bearing support are all connected to the transmission guide rail by second fasteners.

[0015] Optionally, an extension support is fixedly connected to the third load-bearing support, and the tops of the extension support, the first load-bearing support, and the second load-bearing support are all detachably connected to the periphery of the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket via a first L-shaped fastener.

[0016] Optionally, the vertical hydraulic actuation element includes a first connecting seat, a second connecting seat connecting the four corners of the flow model box, and a third connecting seat connecting the four corners of the bidirectional telescopic support bracket; the second connecting seat, the first connecting seat, and the third connecting seat are connected in sequence.

[0017] The second connecting seat and the flow model box, and the third connecting seat and the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket are detachably connected by a second L-shaped fastener.

[0018] Optionally, the vertical telescopic fixed bracket includes a first vertical support rod, a second vertical support rod sleeved on the first vertical support rod, a U-shaped snap-fit ​​part disposed on the second vertical support rod for snapping the box wall of the sliding model box, and a fastening part disposed at the end of the first vertical support rod for connecting the bottom wall of the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket.

[0019] Optionally, the fastening part and the bottom wall of the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket are detachably connected by a third fastener;

[0020] The first vertical support rod and the second vertical support rod are detachably connected by a fourth fastener.

[0021] This invention integrates top rainfall simulation, bottom dynamic loading, and a soil bottom saturation system to construct an experimental platform specifically for studying the process and triggering mechanism of landslide disasters. This platform achieves indoor coupled simulation of multiple disaster-causing factors, including seismic dynamics, surface infiltration, and subsurface seepage, overcoming the limitation of traditional rainfall simulation devices that can only achieve uniform rainfall. Through a detachable, row-type sprinkler system, it can flexibly simulate localized non-uniform hydrological conditions caused by agricultural irrigation or water conservancy systems. Combined with the gradual uniform seepage achieved by permeable stone slab interlayers, it accurately reproduces the hydrogeological processes of complex geological disaster scenarios.

[0022] This invention achieves three technological breakthroughs through the design of a permeable stone slab interlayer: First, by eliminating the interference of the impermeable boundary on the sidewall of the model box, the water migration more closely resembles the seepage path of the natural site; second, water seeps into the soil evenly and slowly through the interlayer, avoiding the impact and erosion of the soil by direct water flow, ensuring that the bottom soil reaches a stable saturation state; third, during vibration loading, the interlayer structure effectively prevents the bottom saturated soil from becoming muddy or liquefied and flowing back into the saturation water level tank, ensuring the stability of the experimental system and the reliability of the data. Simultaneously, the synergistic effect of the saturation water level tank and the lateral permeable boundary further improves the simulation accuracy of complex seepage conditions.

[0023] This invention employs a specially designed vibration load application device to replace the traditional large-scale shaking table. While ensuring the effectiveness of vibration input, it optimizes the vibration dimension configuration, significantly improving the device's compatibility and adaptability. This design not only enhances the safety of the testing process but also significantly reduces manufacturing costs and operating and maintenance expenses. It solves the core problems of functional redundancy, insufficient economy, and high connection safety risks under extreme conditions in existing technologies, providing an economical, safe, and efficient indoor testing method for slipway disaster research. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a coupled test device for low-angle slippage disaster caused by earthquakes in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the saturation water level tank in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a row-type spray assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a horizontal vibration transmission component in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vertical telescopic fixed bracket in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0031] 1-Horizontal vibration transmission assembly, 11-Transmission guide rail, 12-Transverse hydraulic actuating element, 13-High-strength bolts and nuts, 14-First load-bearing support, 15-Second load-bearing support, 16-Third load-bearing support, 17-Dustproof box, 18-Drag-reducing ball bearings, 2-Bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket, 3-Vertical hydraulic actuating element, 31-First connecting seat, 32-Second connecting seat, 33-Third connecting seat, 34-Second L-shaped fastener, 4-Flowing model box, 5-Vertical telescopic fixed bracket, 51-First vertical support rod, 52 - Second vertical support rod, 53-U-shaped snap-fit ​​part, 54- Fastener part, 55- Third fastener, 56- Fourth fastener, 6- Saturated water level tank, 61- Tank body, 62- Permeable stone slab, 63- Permeable plate, 64- Permeable hole, 65- First water inlet, 66- Water level gauge, 7- Row-type sprinkler assembly, 71- Sprinkler bracket, 72- Sprinkler pipe, 73- Nozzle, 74- Second water inlet, 75- Water stop plug, 76- First fastener, 8- Second fastener, 9- Heightening support base, 10- First L-shaped fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "radial," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes, including three horizontal vibration transmission components 1, a bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2 connected to the horizontal vibration transmission components 1, a vertical hydraulic actuating element 3 connected to the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2, a slippage model box 4 for filling slippage test soil connected to the vertical hydraulic actuating element 3, and at least one set of vertical telescopic fixed brackets 5 detachably connecting the slippage model box 4 and the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2; saturated water level tanks 6 are welded to the opposite side walls of the slippage model box 4, and a row-type spray assembly 7 is detachably installed on the top of the slippage model box 4.

[0036] The horizontal vibration transmission component 1 is used to provide horizontal vibration load, the vertical hydraulic actuation element 3 is used to provide vertical vibration load, the saturated water level tank 6 is used to saturate the bottom of the soil layer in the flow slip model box 4 to form a controllable seepage boundary, and the row-type spray assembly 7 is used to simulate non-uniform infiltration at the ground surface.

[0037] Understandably, the three horizontal vibration transmission components 1 are connected to different parts of the bidirectional telescopic support frame 2 to support it. The size range of the bidirectional telescopic support frame 2 and the size range of the horizontal vibration transmission components 1 can be adjusted according to the size of the flow slide model box 4. The vertical telescopic fixed support can be adjusted according to the height of the flow slide model box 4 and the distance between the flow slide model box 4 and the bidirectional telescopic support frame 2, thus forming an integrated test simulation frame with a variable topology structure, which can be size-adjusted according to different sizes of flow slide model boxes 4.

[0038] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the saturated water level tank 6 includes a tank body 61 with a receiving cavity, a permeable stone slab 62 connected to one side wall of the tank body 61, and a permeable plate 63 connected to the side wall of the permeable stone slab 62. The permeable plate 63, the side wall of the tank body 61 connected to the permeable stone slab 62, and the side wall of the flow-slide model box 4 connected to the permeable plate 63 are all provided with a plurality of evenly arranged permeable holes 64. A first water inlet 65 is provided on the bottom wall of the tank body 61, and a water level gauge 66 is provided on the side wall of the tank body 61.

[0039] Understandably, the saturated water level tank 6 plays a crucial multiple role in the flow slide model test through its unique sandwich structure design. The tank body 61 is welded to both sides of the flow slide model box 4 and consists of a receiving cavity, a permeable stone slab 62, and a permeable plate 63. The three-layer structure has evenly distributed permeable holes 64 on the side walls, and a first water inlet 65 is provided at the bottom for injecting direct water. The side walls are equipped with a water level gauge 66 to monitor the saturation state of the bottom of the soil layer in real time. Its core function is to achieve gradual and uniform seepage through the permeable stone slab 62 interlayer: First, the interlayer effectively eliminates the interference of the impermeable boundary of the model box sidewall on the seepage path, making the water migration process more in line with the hydrogeological conditions of the natural site; Second, the water seeps into the soil evenly and slowly through the permeable stone slab 62, avoiding the direct impact and erosion of the soil by direct current water, ensuring that the bottom soil can reach saturation steadily and gradually; Third, during the vibration loading process, this structure can effectively prevent the bottom saturated soil from becoming muddy or liquefied and then flowing back into the saturated water level tank 6 through the permeable holes 64, thereby ensuring the stable operation and data reliability of the entire test system, and realizing the refined simulation of the bottom saturated conditions and complex seepage boundaries of convective landslide disasters.

[0040] Furthermore, the saturated water level tank 6 is welded to both sides of the flow landslide model tank 4. Combined with its built-in permeable stone slab 62 and permeable plate 63 sandwich structure, it together forms a controllable seepage boundary, playing multiple key roles in the simulation of flow landslide disasters. This structural design can not only accurately simulate the hydrogeological conditions of lateral seepage and bottom saturation, allowing water to seep into the soil evenly and slowly, effectively eliminating boundary interference from the impermeable sidewalls of the model tank, but also better conforms to the seepage laws of natural sites; at the same time, it can significantly alleviate the scouring and erosion of the soil by direct current water, ensuring that the bottom soil is steadily and gradually saturated.

[0041] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the row-type spray assembly 7 includes a spray bracket 71, multiple rows of spray pipes 72 mounted on the spray bracket 71, at least one nozzle 73 disposed on the spray pipes 72, and a second water inlet 74 disposed on the spray bracket 71 and communicating with the spray pipes 72. A water-stop plug 75 is provided on the mounting interface of the spray pipes 72 on the side wall of the spray bracket 71, and the spray bracket 71 is detachably connected to the top of the flow model box 4 via a first fastener 76.

[0042] Understandably, the row-type sprinkler assembly 7, through its modular and detachable structural design, achieves precise simulation and flexible control of surface hydrological processes. This row-type sprinkler assembly 7 is detachably installed on the top of the flow-slip model box 4 using a first fastener 76 (high-strength bolt and nut 13). It consists of a sprinkler support 71, multiple rows of sprinkler pipes 72, nozzles 73, second water inlets 74, and water-stop plugs 75. After the external water inlet pipe connects to the second water inlets 74 on both sides of the sprinkler support 71, water flows into the water-containing cavity inside the sprinkler support 71 and fills each sprinkler pipe 72. The water output intensity can be adjusted by rotating the nozzles 73 to simulate surface rainfall and irrigation measures. Each sprinkler pipe 72 can be removed individually. After removal, a water-stop plug 75 can be installed at the interface to prevent leakage, or the nozzles 73 can be directly tightened to form a seal, thereby accurately realizing the uneven surface irrigation mechanism. This row-type detachable structure replaces the traditional single-nozzle or fixed-roof rainfall system, and can flexibly simulate non-uniform and local high-intensity infiltration conditions in real scenarios such as agricultural irrigation and regional water conservancy facilities. It can effectively reproduce complex surface hydrological processes and meet the needs of flow landslide disaster experiments for refined simulation of non-uniform surface infiltration and local high water content conditions.

[0043] Furthermore, by incorporating a modular and detachable row-type sprinkler assembly 7, which replaces the traditional single-nozzle or fixed-roof rainfall structure with its modular assembly and detachable features, the system can flexibly simulate non-uniform, locally high-intensity infiltration conditions caused by agricultural irrigation or regional water conservancy systems, effectively reproducing complex surface hydrological processes. Through the combined design of the second water inlet 74, sprinkler pipe 72, and nozzle 73, the system can precisely adjust the water output intensity and achieve non-uniform surface irrigation. Simultaneously, a water stop plug 75 prevents water from overflowing from unused sprinkler pipe 72, ensuring experimental controllability. This row-type sprinkler assembly 7 can effectively simulate the locally high-permeability flow field formed by agricultural irrigation or water conservancy system development in the real environment, meeting the simulation requirements for non-uniform surface infiltration and locally high water content conditions in flow slide experiments.

[0044] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the three horizontal vibration transmission components 1 are evenly spaced in the horizontal direction. Each horizontal vibration transmission component 1 includes a transmission guide rail 11, a transverse hydraulic actuating element 12 connected to both ends of the transmission guide rail 11 by a ring-shaped high-strength bolt and nut 13, a first load-bearing support 14 and a second load-bearing support 15 slidably sleeved on the transmission guide rail 11; the two horizontal vibration transmission components 1 arranged on both sides also include a third load-bearing support 16 slidably sleeved in the middle of the transmission guide rail 11.

[0045] The first load-bearing support 14, the second load-bearing support 15 and the third load-bearing support 16 are all detachably connected to the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2.

[0046] Understandably, the lateral hydraulic actuating element 12 is responsible for providing the horizontal force and also serves as an intermediate load-bearing component between the horizontal vibration transmission assembly 1 and the upper vertical actuator. The core function of the horizontal vibration transmission assembly 1 is to construct a stable, distributed force transmission system. Through three evenly spaced horizontal vibration transmission assemblies 1, the horizontal vibration load is efficiently transmitted from the actuator to the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2. The three bidirectional telescopic load-bearing brackets 2 expand the support contact surface, making the load distribution more uniform and avoiding stress concentration. At the same time, the detachable connection (such as bolts and nuts) ensures modular assembly and disassembly, providing a reliable foundation for the superstructure. Functionally, the bidirectional coupled loading (the lateral hydraulic actuating element 12 and the vertical hydraulic actuating element 3 working together) significantly improves the realism and accuracy of the seismic simulation, directly serving the core needs of landslide testing. In terms of safety, the rigid connection between the distributed supports and the overall frame enhances the integrity of the force transmission path and eliminates the failure risk of traditional bolted connections under strong earthquakes.

[0047] Understandably, by adopting a bidirectional coupling loading method, the redundant dimensions in traditional unidirectional or tridirectional shaking table loading are eliminated, and the two-dimensional mechanical mechanism of the simplified landslide model test is accurately matched, thereby more effectively simulating the dynamic response and instability process of the slope under seismic loading. At the same time, the design of the telescopic frame structure (bidirectional telescopic load-bearing support 2 and vertical telescopic fixed support 5) improves the adaptability and reusability of the mechanism to flow landslide model boxes 4 of different sizes, optimizes the seismic input to the necessary bidirectional loading, simplifies the system composition from both structural and driving source perspectives, and significantly reduces the cost of the device while ensuring the core functions.

[0048] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the horizontal vibration transmission assembly 1 also includes a dustproof box 17 for mounting the transmission guide rail 11, and the transmission guide rail 11 is connected to the dustproof box 17 by drag-reducing balls 18; the bottoms of the first load-bearing support 14, the second load-bearing support 15 and the third load-bearing support 16 are all connected to the transmission guide rail 11 by second fasteners 8.

[0049] Understandably, by setting up a dustproof box 17 and using drag-reducing ball bearings 18 to connect the transmission guide rail 11, the contamination and wear of transmission components by dust and impurities are effectively reduced, while the frictional resistance during transmission is reduced, improving the efficiency and accuracy of vibration transmission. Furthermore, the first load-bearing support 14, the second load-bearing support 15, and the third load-bearing support 16 are securely connected to the transmission guide rail 11 via the second fastener 8, ensuring that vibration energy can be reliably transmitted to the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2, enhancing the stability and reliability of the entire experimental simulation frame structure.

[0050] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, an extension support 9 is fixedly connected to the third load-bearing support 16. The tops of the extension support 9, the first load-bearing support 14, and the second load-bearing support 15 are all detachably connected to the periphery of the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2 via a first L-shaped fastener 10. Understandably, this achieves efficient force transmission and enhanced structural stability between the three load-bearing supports and the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2. Simultaneously, the detachable design improves the flexibility of device assembly and ease of maintenance.

[0051] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the vertical hydraulic actuating element 3 includes a first connecting seat 31, a second connecting seat 32 connecting the four corners of the flow model box 4, and a third connecting seat 33 connecting the four corners of the bidirectional telescopic support bracket 2; the second connecting seat 32, the first connecting seat 31 and the third connecting seat 33 are connected in sequence.

[0052] The second connecting seat 32 and the flow model box 4, and the third connecting seat 33 and the bidirectional telescopic support bracket 2 are detachably connected by the second L-shaped fastener 34.

[0053] Understandably, the vertical hydraulic actuation element 3 transmits the vibration load in both the horizontal and vertical directions to the bottom of the flow sliding model box 4, and is connected to the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2 through the second L-shaped fastener 34, thereby improving the structural stability of the overall mechanism.

[0054] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, the vertical telescopic fixing bracket 5 includes a first vertical support rod 51, a second vertical support rod 52 sleeved on the first vertical support rod 51, a U-shaped locking part 53 disposed on the second vertical support rod 52 for locking the wall of the sliding model box 4, and a fastening part 54 disposed at the end of the first vertical support rod 51 for connecting to the bottom wall of the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2. Understandably, the vertical telescopic fixing bracket 5 achieves height adjustment through the sleeved structure of the first vertical support rod 51 and the second vertical support rod 52. Combined with the U-shaped locking part 53 for locking and fixing the wall of the sliding model box 4 and the fastening part 54 for a stable connection with the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2, it effectively eliminates the risk of model box slippage under strong earthquake conditions. At the same time, the telescopic design adapts to model boxes of different heights, improving the safety and applicability of the device.

[0055] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the fastening part 54 and the bottom wall of the bidirectional telescopic support bracket 2 are detachably connected by a third fastener 55. The first vertical support rod 51 and the second vertical support rod 52 are detachably connected by a fourth fastener 56. Understandably, the first fastener 76, the second fastener 8, the first L-shaped fastener 10, the second L-shaped fastener 34, the third fastener 55, and the fourth fastener 56 include, but are not limited to, high-strength bolts, nuts, and matching washers, ensuring reliable fixation between components through precise mechanical connections. The third fastener 55 and the fourth fastener 56 can adopt a combination design of L-shaped connecting plates and reinforcing bolts. This structure can effectively disperse the stress concentration generated by vibration loads, enhance the connection stiffness and fatigue resistance at frame nodes, thereby improving the structural integrity and safety of the overall test device under bidirectional coupled vibration.

[0056] In this invention, the working process of the coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes is as follows:

[0057] First, the overall assembly and structural connection of the test device are carried out. The horizontal vibration transmission component 1, the vertical hydraulic actuation element 3, the flow model box 4, the vertical telescopic fixed bracket 5, the saturated water level tank 6, and the row spray component 7 are installed in sequence. The components are then integrated into a stable load-bearing whole by fasteners such as bolts and nuts and the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket 2.

[0058] Secondly, test soil is filled in layers in the flow-slip model box 4 according to the preset soil layer distribution scheme. At the same time, the local irrigation area is determined according to the flow-slip test design, and the nozzles 73 corresponding to the row-type sprinkler assembly 7 are rotated to construct non-uniform infiltration conditions.

[0059] Secondly, based on the field geological survey data, the target water level height on both sides of the landslide model is determined. The first water inlet 65 of the saturated water level tank 6 is connected to the second water inlet 74 of the row-type sprinkler assembly 7. Under the synergistic effect of the permeable stone slab, the direct current water seeps evenly into the bottom of the soil layer to achieve bottom saturation. The lateral seepage simulates the real complex hydrogeological environment.

[0060] Finally, after water injection is completed and the water level is observed to be stable, the horizontal vibration transmission device and the vertical hydraulic actuator are simultaneously activated to apply bidirectional dynamic loads, and real-time data monitoring and image recording are carried out to systematically study the process and triggering mechanism of the slipway disaster.

[0061] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes, characterized in that, It includes three horizontal vibration transmission components (1), a bidirectional telescopic support bracket (2) connecting the horizontal vibration transmission components (1), a vertical hydraulic actuating element (3) connecting the bidirectional telescopic support bracket (2), a flow-slip model box (4) for filling the flow-slip test soil connecting the vertical hydraulic actuating element (3), and at least one set of vertical telescopic fixed brackets (5) detachably connecting the flow-slip model box (4) and the bidirectional telescopic support bracket (2); saturated water level tanks (6) are welded to the opposite side walls of the flow-slip model box (4), and a row-type spray assembly (7) is detachably installed on the top of the flow-slip model box (4); The horizontal vibration transmission component (1) is used to provide horizontal vibration load, the vertical hydraulic actuation element (3) is used to provide vertical vibration load, the saturated water level tank (6) is used to achieve water saturation at the bottom of the soil layer of the flow slip model box (4) to form a controllable seepage boundary, and the row spray assembly (7) is used to simulate non-uniform infiltration at the ground surface.

2. The coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The saturated water level tank (6) includes a tank body (61) with a receiving cavity, a permeable stone slab (62) connected to one side wall of the tank body (61), and a permeable plate (63) connected to the side wall of the permeable stone slab (62). Multiple permeable holes (64) are provided on the permeable plate (63), the side wall of the tank body (61) connected to the permeable stone slab (62), and the side wall of the flow sliding model tank (4) connected to the permeable plate (63). A first water inlet (65) is provided on the bottom wall of the tank body (61), and a water level gauge (66) is provided on the side wall of the tank body (61).

3. The coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The row-type spray assembly (7) includes a spray bracket (71), multiple rows of spray pipes (72) mounted on the spray bracket (71), at least one nozzle (73) disposed on the spray pipes (72), and a second water inlet (74) disposed on the spray bracket (71) and communicating with the spray pipes (72). The spray pipe (72) is provided with a water-stop plug (75) on the mounting interface on the side wall of the spray bracket (71), and the spray bracket (71) is detachably connected to the top of the flow model box (4) by a first fastener (76).

4. The coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The three horizontal vibration transmission components (1) are evenly spaced in the horizontal direction. Each horizontal vibration transmission component (1) includes a transmission guide rail (11), a transverse hydraulic actuating element (12) connected to both ends of the transmission guide rail (11) by a ring high-strength bolt and nut (13), a first load-bearing support (14) and a second load-bearing support (15) slidably sleeved on the transmission guide rail (11); the two horizontal vibration transmission components (1) arranged on both sides also include a third load-bearing support (16) slidably sleeved in the middle of the transmission guide rail (11). The first load-bearing support (14), the second load-bearing support (15) and the third load-bearing support (16) are all detachably connected to the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket (2).

5. The coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The horizontal vibration transmission assembly (1) also includes a dustproof box (17) for mounting the transmission guide rail (11), the transmission guide rail (11) and the dustproof box (17) are connected by drag-reducing balls (18); the bottoms of the first load-bearing support (14), the second load-bearing support (15) and the third load-bearing support (16) are all connected to the transmission guide rail (11) by a second fastener (8).

6. The coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The third load-bearing support (16) is fixedly connected to the heightening support (9). The tops of the heightening support (9), the first load-bearing support (14) and the second load-bearing support (15) are detachably connected to the periphery of the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket (2) by the first L-shaped fastener (10).

7. The coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vertical hydraulic actuating element (3) includes a first connecting seat (31), a second connecting seat (32) connecting the four corners of the sliding model box (4), and a third connecting seat (33) connecting the four corners of the bidirectional telescopic support bracket (2); the second connecting seat (32), the first connecting seat (31) and the third connecting seat (33) are connected in sequence; The second connecting seat (32) and the sliding model box (4), and the third connecting seat (33) and the bidirectional telescopic support bracket (2) are detachably connected by the second L-shaped fastener (34).

8. The coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vertical telescopic fixed bracket (5) includes a first vertical support rod (51), a second vertical support rod (52) sleeved on the first vertical support rod (51), a U-shaped snap-fit ​​part (53) provided on the second vertical support rod (52) for snapping the box wall of the sliding model box (4), and a fastening part (54) provided at the end of the first vertical support rod (51) for connecting the bottom wall of the bidirectional telescopic load-bearing bracket (2).

9. The coupled test device for low-angle slippage disasters caused by earthquakes according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fastening part (54) and the bottom wall of the bidirectional telescopic support bracket (2) are detachably connected by a third fastener (55); The first vertical support rod (51) and the second vertical support rod (52) are detachably connected by a fourth fastener (56).

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