Pig feed additive as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a pig feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof, and the pig feed additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of a basic carrier, 24-32 parts of an acremonium terricola culture, 18-26 parts of polyrhachis vicina roger extract powder, 10-15 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicines, 9-13 parts of a compound plant extract and 3-5 parts of a compound adjuvant. By adding the pig feed additive containing the acremonium terricola culture and the polyrhachis vicina roger extract powder into the basic feed, the utilization rate of the feed can be improved, the weight gain of pigs can be promoted, the content of skatole and indole in pig manure can be remarkably reduced, in practical application, odor emission of a farm can be remarkably reduced, and the economic benefit of the farm is improved. The air quality of the farm and the surrounding of the farm is improved, and the green, low-carbon and sustainable development of animal husbandry can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed additive technology, specifically relating to a pig feed additive, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Odor from pig farms has long been a significant environmental problem plaguing the pig farming industry. It not only affects the quality of life for nearby residents but can also negatively impact the health and productivity of pigs. Solving this problem is crucial for achieving green, low-carbon, and sustainable development in the pig farming industry. Currently, the main methods for effectively improving odor in pig farms include optimizing farming management, such as timely manure removal, proper ventilation system design, and controlling stocking density; and also through feed management, such as proper feed distribution and the addition of pig feed additives.

[0003] Pig feed additives are an indispensable and important component of modern pig production. Pig feed additives generally include traditional Chinese medicine, plant extracts, vitamins, minerals, etc., which can supplement the lack of nutrients in feed, promote the growth and development of pigs, shorten the feeding cycle, and reduce the odor of feces. Therefore, this invention provides a new pig feed additive that can promote animal growth and reduce the odor of animal feces, as well as its preparation method and application. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a pig feed additive, its preparation method, and its application.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: This invention provides a pig feed additive. The raw materials for preparing the pig feed additive, by weight, include 20-25 parts of a basic carrier, 24-32 parts of *Acer truncatum* culture, 18-26 parts of *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder, 10-15 parts of compound traditional Chinese medicine, 9-13 parts of compound plant extract, and 3-5 parts of compound auxiliary agent.

[0006] As a further optimization of the present invention, the basic carrier includes at least one of rice bran, wheat bran, soybean meal, peanut meal, and sweet potato flour.

[0007] As a further optimization of the present invention, the method of obtaining the extract of Polyrhachis niger is as follows: Polyrhachis niger body is crushed, enzymatically hydrolyzed, and then soaked in a 75-85% ethanol solution for heat preservation. After ultrasonic extraction, filtration and concentration, and freeze drying, Polyrhachis niger extract powder is obtained, wherein the mass ratio of Polyrhachis niger body to ethanol solution is 1:5-7.

[0008] As a further optimization of the present invention, the compound Chinese herbal medicine includes at least one of licorice, mugwort, astragalus, dandelion, and hawthorn.

[0009] As a further optimization of the present invention, the compound plant extract includes at least one of garlic extract, houttuynia cordata extract, motherwort extract, and artemisia annua extract.

[0010] As a further optimization of the present invention, the composite auxiliary agent includes trace element mineral auxiliary agents and multidimensional auxiliary agents; The trace element mineral adjuvant includes at least one of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and manganese sulfate; The multivitamin adjuvant includes at least one of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K.

[0011] This invention also provides a method for preparing a pig feed additive, comprising the following steps: The pulverized bodies of Polyrhachis niger were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The resulting enzymatic hydrolysis product was soaked in a 75-85% ethanol solution to obtain a mixed system. The mixed system was then subjected to ultrasonic extraction, filtration and concentration, and freeze-drying to obtain Polyrhachis niger extract powder. Pig feed additive is obtained by mixing the basic carrier, *Agrosporium globosum* culture, *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder, compound traditional Chinese medicine, compound plant extract, and compound auxiliary agent in a certain proportion.

[0012] As a further optimization of the present invention, the enzymatic hydrolysis is performed by using a cellulase solution with an enzyme concentration of 1-5% at a temperature of 40-50°C for 1-3 hours, with an initial pH of 4-6, and then heating to inactivate the enzyme to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis product, wherein the mass ratio of the black ant insect body to the cellulase solution is 1:7-10. The soaking temperature is 45~50℃ and the time is 5-8h; the ultrasonic extraction power is 240~300W, the frequency is 45~60kHz, the temperature is 40~45℃, and the time is 0.5~2h. The amount of 75-85% ethanol solution used is 5-8 times the weight of the black ant body.

[0013] This invention also provides the application of a pig feed additive in promoting animal growth and reducing the odor of animal feces.

[0014] As a further optimization of the present invention, the amount of the pig feed additive added to the feed is 5-15 wt%.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1) This invention improves feed utilization and promotes pig weight gain by adding a pig feed additive containing *Acer tumefaciens* culture and *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder to the basic diet. It also significantly reduces the content of skatole and indole in pig feces. In practical applications, it can significantly reduce odor emissions from farms, improve air quality in and around farms, and help achieve green, low-carbon, and sustainable development of animal husbandry.

[0016] 2) The present invention first enzymatically hydrolyzes the body of the black ant and then extracts it by soaking it in ethanol. The resulting black ant extract powder, when used in combination with the culture of Diplostomum globosum, has a significant effect. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present application will now be described in further detail. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0018] Material Both the black ant and the cricket (a traditional Chinese medicine) were purchased from Jilin Xueliu Pharmaceutical Factory. Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) is a novel green feed additive containing a variety of active ingredients similar to Cordyceps sinensis, such as cordycepin, cordycepic acid, polysaccharides, and adenosine. The Acremonium terricola culture used in this invention was purchased from Gansu Huineng Bioengineering Co., Ltd. The cellulase was purchased from Sichuan Huatang Jurui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and its purity was 99%. It should be noted that the proportions of the basic carrier, compound traditional Chinese medicine, compound plant extract, and compound excipients (trace element and mineral excipients, multidimensional excipients) are consistent in the experimental groups A1-3, experimental group BG, and control group of this invention, as shown below: The base carrier is a mixture of wheat bran and peanut meal in a 1:1 mass ratio; The compound Chinese herbal medicine includes licorice, mugwort, astragalus, dandelion, and hawthorn in a mass ratio of 1:1.2:1.8:1:2. The compound plant extracts include garlic extract, houttuynia cordata extract, motherwort extract, and artemisia annua extract in a mass ratio of 1:0.8:0.5:1.7. The trace element and mineral adjuvants include sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and manganese sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:1.4:1.6:0.5:0.5. The multivitamin supplement includes vitamins A, B1, B2, B12, C, D, E, and K in a mass ratio of 1:1.2:1.5:1.5:2:1.2:1:0.6.

[0019] Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in this invention are conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials and reagents used are commercially available products.

[0020] method 2.1 Preparation of Polyrhachis nigra extract powder The bodies of *Polyrhachis niger* were pulverized using a pulverizer and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain *Polyrhachis niger* body powder. The *Polyrhachis niger* body powder was mixed with cellulase solution (enzyme concentration of 3%) at a mass ratio of 1:8, the initial pH value was adjusted to 5.5, and enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 45℃ for 2 hours. After the enzymatic hydrolysis was completed, the enzyme was inactivated by heating (80℃, 10 min) to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis product. Weigh 7 times the weight of the *Polyrhachis niger* body powder into an 80% ethanol solution. Soak the enzymatic hydrolysate in the 80% ethanol solution at 47°C for 6 hours to obtain a mixture. Perform ultrasonic extraction on this mixture at 260W, 50kHz, 42°C for 1.5 hours. The filtrate is then concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder. Store at 4°C for later use.

[0021] 2.2 Preparation of Pig Feed Additives To investigate the effects of different contents of raw materials for pig feed additives on animal growth and the odor of animal feces, experimental groups A1-3 were set up. To investigate the combined use of raw materials for pig feed additives and the effects of Polyrhachis niger extract powder prepared by different methods on animal growth and the odor of animal feces, experimental group BG was set up, and a control group was set up.

[0022] 2.2.1 Adjustment of the content of various components in pig feed additives Group A1: Pig feed additives formulated by weight, including 20 parts of basic carrier, 32 parts of *Acer truncatum* culture, 26 parts of *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder, 10 parts of compound traditional Chinese medicine, 9 parts of compound plant extract, and 3 parts of compound auxiliary agent. Group A2: Pig feed additives formulated by weight, including 23 parts basic carrier, 27 parts *Agrosporium globosum* culture, 22 parts *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder, 12 parts compound traditional Chinese medicine, 12 parts compound plant extract, and 4 parts compound adjuvant; the rest are consistent with Group A1.

[0023] Group A3: Pig feed additives formulated by weight, including 25 parts basic carrier, 24 parts *Agrosporium globosum* culture, 18 parts *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder, 15 parts compound traditional Chinese medicine, 13 parts compound plant extract, and 5 parts compound adjuvant; the rest are consistent with Group A1.

[0024] 2.2.2 Adjustment of various components in pig feed additives Group B: Based on Group A2 in step 2.2.1 above, pig feed additives are formulated according to weight parts, including 50 parts of basic carrier, 22 parts of Polyrhachis niger extract powder, 12 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicine, 12 parts of compound plant extract, and 4 parts of compound auxiliary agent, that is, the basic carrier replaces the culture of Diplostomum glomeratum with an equal mass part; the rest are consistent with Group A2.

[0025] Group C: Based on Group A2 in step 2.2.1 above, pig feed additives are formulated according to weight parts, including 45 parts of basic carrier, 27 parts of *Acer truncatum* culture, 12 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicine, 12 parts of compound plant extract, and 4 parts of compound auxiliary agent. That is, the basic carrier replaces the *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder with an equal mass part; the rest are consistent with Group A2.

[0026] Group D: Based on Group A2 in step 2.2.1 above, pig feed additives are formulated according to weight parts, including 23 parts of basic carrier, 49 parts of *Aureobasidium* culture, 12 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicine, 12 parts of compound plant extract, and 4 parts of compound auxiliary agent. That is, *Aureobasidium* culture replaces *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder with an equal mass part; the rest are consistent with Group A2.

[0027] Group E: Based on Group A2 in step 2.2.1 above, pig feed additives are formulated according to weight parts, including 23 parts of basic carrier, 49 parts of Polyrhachis niger extract powder, 12 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicine, 12 parts of compound plant extract, and 4 parts of compound auxiliary agent, that is, Polyrhachis niger extract powder replaces the culture of Diplophora glomerata with an equal mass part; the rest are consistent with Group A2.

[0028] Group F: Based on Group A2 in step 2.2.1 above, pig feed additives are formulated in proportion by weight, including 23 parts of basic carrier, 27 parts of *Acer spp.* culture, 22 parts of cricket extract powder (prepared in the same way as *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder), 12 parts of compound traditional Chinese medicine, 12 parts of compound plant extract, and 4 parts of compound adjuvant; the rest are consistent with Group A2.

[0029] Group G: Based on Group A2 in step 2.2.1 above, the difference from Group A2 is that the preparation method of the Polyrhachis niger extract powder is different, specifically: The bodies of *Polyrhachis niger* were pulverized using a pulverizer and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain *Polyrhachis niger* body powder. An ethanol solution (80% by mass) weighing seven times its weight of the *Polyrhachis niger* body powder was prepared and immersed in the 80% ethanol solution at 47°C for 6 hours to obtain a mixed system. This mixed system was then subjected to ultrasonic extraction at a power of 260W, a frequency of 50kHz, a temperature of 42°C, and a time of 1.5 hours. The filtrate was concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder. It was stored at 4°C for later use. That is, enzymatic hydrolysis was omitted in this group.

[0030] The control group consisted of 72 basic carriers, 12 compound Chinese herbal medicines, 12 compound plant extracts, and 4 compound adjuvants; the rest were consistent with group A2.

[0031] test Pigs with an average weight of (58.30±5.20) kg were randomly divided into 9 groups, with 4 replicates per group and 4 pigs per replicate. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1. These groups were experimental groups A1-3, experimental group BG, and the control group. The feeding period was 58 days. The feed additives for experimental groups A1-3, experimental group BG, and the control group were added to the basal diet at a rate of 5-15 wt%. After mixing with water, the mixture was added to the feed trough (wet feed). Pigs had free access to feed and water. During the experiment, the feeding and management methods for each group were exactly the same. Immunization, deworming, and daily disinfection were carried out according to the routine management measures of the farm. The composition and nutritional level of the basal diet are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Composition and Nutritional Levels of the Basal Diet ; 3.1 Pig growth performance test Before and after the experiment, each pig was weighed on an empty stomach in the morning at each pen. The initial and final weights of the pigs were accurately recorded. The feed intake for each group was recorded daily, and the average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR = average daily feed intake / average daily weight gain) were calculated and recorded in Table 2. Table 2. Statistics of Pig Growth Performance Test Data ; Experimental conclusions: Comparison shows that feeding pigs with basal diets containing pig feed additives from groups A1-3 of this invention resulted in a significant increase in pig weight with low feed consumption and weight gain, indicating good feed utilization. Among these, group A2 pig feed additives showed the best effect and are the optimal implementation examples.

[0032] 3.2 Determination of skatole and indole content in pig feces Skatole (3-methylindole) and indole are products of intestinal bacterial metabolism and are also the main odor substances in pig feces. They have a low odor threshold and strong diffusion. By reducing the content of these substances, odor emissions from farms can be significantly reduced, air quality in and around farms can be improved, and environmental pollution can be reduced.

[0033] Weigh 4g of pig feces sample and place it in a centrifuge tube; add 20mL of methanol to the sample and mix thoroughly using a vortex mixer; place the mixed sample in a 45℃ water bath for 30min, removing and mixing every 5min to ensure full contact between the sample and methanol; after the water bath, quickly transfer the sample to a -18℃ freezer and let it stand for 20min to allow impurities to precipitate; after standing, remove the sample and centrifuge at 10000r / min for 15min to separate the supernatant; store the supernatant at 4℃ and determine the contents of skatole and indole in the pig feces by high performance liquid chromatography, and record the results in Table 3: Table 3. Statistical data on the test results of skatole and indole content in pig feces. ; Experimental Conclusions: Table 2 shows that adding the pig feed additives of group A1-3 of this invention to the basal diet can simultaneously and significantly reduce the content of skatole and indole in pig feces. When using *Aureobasidium* culture or *Polyrhachis nigricans* extract powder alone, or when using *Aureobasidium* culture in combination with cricket powder, the effect of reducing the content of skatole and indole in pig feces is not significant. This indicates that the combined use of *Aureobasidium* culture and *Polyrhachis nigricans* extract powder has a synergistic effect. The *Polyrhachis nigricans* extract powder that achieves a synergistic effect with *Aureobasidium* culture refers to *Polyrhachis nigricans* extract powder that has undergone enzymatic hydrolysis before ethanol extraction. If *Polyrhachis nigricans* extract powder that has not undergone prior enzymatic hydrolysis and is directly extracted by ethanol extraction is used in combination with *Aureobasidium* culture, the effect is poor. In addition to significantly reducing the content of skatole and indole in pig feces, it can also improve feed utilization and promote pig weight gain.

[0034] The experiments described above only illustrate several embodiments of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pig feed additive, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the pig feed additive, by weight, include 20-25 parts of basic carrier, 24-32 parts of *Acer buergerianum* culture, 18-26 parts of *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder, 10-15 parts of compound traditional Chinese medicine, 9-13 parts of compound plant extract, and 3-5 parts of compound auxiliary agent.

2. The pig feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic carrier includes at least one of rice bran, wheat bran, soybean meal, peanut meal, and sweet potato flour.

3. The pig feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the extract of Polyrhachis nigra is as follows: Polyrhachis nigra pulverized, enzymatically hydrolyzed, and then soaked in a 75-85% ethanol solution at a constant temperature. After ultrasonic extraction, filtration and concentration, and freeze-drying, Polyrhachis nigra extract powder is obtained. The mass ratio of Polyrhachis nigra pulverized to ethanol solution is 1:5-7.

4. The pig feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound Chinese herbal medicine includes at least one of licorice, mugwort, astragalus, dandelion, and hawthorn.

5. The pig feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound plant extract includes at least one of garlic extract, houttuynia cordata extract, motherwort extract, and artemisia annua extract.

6. The pig feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite adjuvant includes trace element and mineral adjuvants and multidimensional adjuvants; The trace element mineral adjuvant includes at least one of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and manganese sulfate; The multivitamin adjuvant includes at least one of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K.

7. A method for preparing a pig feed additive as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: The pulverized bodies of Polyrhachis niger were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The resulting enzymatic hydrolysis product was soaked in a 75-85% ethanol solution to obtain a mixed system. The mixed system was then subjected to ultrasonic extraction, filtration and concentration, and freeze-drying to obtain Polyrhachis niger extract powder. Pig feed additive is obtained by mixing the basic carrier, *Agrosporium globosum* culture, *Polyrhachis niger* extract powder, compound traditional Chinese medicine, compound plant extract, and compound auxiliary agent in a certain proportion.

8. The method for preparing a pig feed additive according to claim 7, characterized in that: The enzymatic hydrolysis process involves using a cellulase solution with an enzyme concentration of 1-5% at a temperature of 40-50°C for 1-3 hours, with an initial pH of 4-6. After heating to inactivate the enzyme, the enzymatic hydrolysis product is obtained. The mass ratio of the black ant insect body to the cellulase solution is 1:7-10. The soaking temperature is 45~50℃ and the time is 5-8h; the ultrasonic extraction power is 240~300W, the frequency is 45~60kHz, the temperature is 40~45℃, and the time is 0.5~2h. The amount of 75-85% ethanol solution used is 5-8 times the weight of the black ant body.

9. The use of a pig feed additive as described in any one of claims 1-6 in promoting animal growth and reducing the odor of animal feces.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that: The amount of the pig feed additive added to the feed is 5-15 wt%.