Feed formula suitable for aquaculture

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed formula suitable for aquaculture, and relates to the technical field of aquaculture. The feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-30% of soybean meal, 18% of rapeseed meal, 7% of cottonseed protein concentrate, 0-17% of sunflower seed meal, 4% of rice bran, 23% of flour, 4% of corn dry vinasse, 0.15-7.32% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.2% of choline chloride, 3.8% of soybean oil, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 1% of premix, 0-0.21% of lysine hydrochloride, 0-0.04% of methionine, 0.03% of a mildew preventive, 0.01% of an antioxidant and 2-5% of enteromorpha powder. The formula provided by the invention can promote ingestion of the grass carps under the condition of low soybean meal, improve the average weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the grass carps, and promote absorption and utilization of phosphorus in the feed by the grass carps.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and more specifically, to a feed formulation suitable for aquaculture. Background Technology

[0002] In current aquaculture, soybean meal, as a high-quality protein feed ingredient, faces problems such as resource scarcity and large price fluctuations. Reducing soybean meal usage and replacing it has become an urgent need for the sustainable development of the industry. Sunflower meal, due to its large yield, low price, and high protein content, has become one of the ideal alternatives to soybean meal. However, sunflower meal has drawbacks such as high levels of anti-nutritional factors and poor palatability, which can easily lead to decreased feed intake and reduced growth performance in farmed fish when used in feed. Furthermore, the phosphorus in sunflower meal is mostly in the form of phytic acid phosphorus, which is poorly digested and absorbed by fish, resulting in a significant reduction in phosphorus utilization. Large amounts of unabsorbed phosphorus are excreted into the water with feces, exacerbating eutrophication and severely restricting the large-scale application of sunflower meal in aquaculture feed.

[0003] Grass carp is the most widely farmed and consumed freshwater fish species in my country, accounting for the largest share of total freshwater aquaculture production. It plays a crucial role in ensuring market supply of aquatic products and increasing farmers' income. As a herbivorous fish, feed costs account for over 70% of total aquaculture costs, and feed quality directly impacts farming efficiency. Even with the reduction and substitution of soybean meal, using sunflower meal to replace soybean meal in grass carp feed faces similar challenges, such as insufficient feeding activity and low phosphorus utilization. Decreased feed intake leads to slow growth and increased feed conversion ratios, while increased phosphorus emissions cause environmental degradation. Both factors contribute to reduced farming efficiency and hinder the green and efficient development of the grass carp farming industry, necessitating solutions to improve this situation.

[0004] As a widely distributed large green algae, *Ulva prolifera* is abundant and inexpensive to obtain. Processed *Ulva prolifera* powder is a high-quality additive for aquatic feed. Rich in free amino acids, polysaccharides, and other natural active substances, this powder strongly attracts grass carp, significantly improving feed palatability and effectively addressing the decline in grass carp feeding after sunflower meal replaced soybean meal. It also increases the feeding enthusiasm and rate of grass carp. Improved feeding efficiency reduces uneaten feed, preventing its accumulation and decomposition in the water. Unutilized phosphorus in uneaten feed is a significant source of phosphorus pollution in water bodies. Therefore, *Ulva prolifera* powder reduces phosphorus emissions from uneaten feed at the source by promoting feeding and reducing feed waste, while simultaneously improving overall feed utilization efficiency. This provides an effective way to solve the aquaculture problems caused by replacing soybean meal with sunflower meal. Therefore, this invention proposes a feed formulation suitable for aquaculture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a feed formulation suitable for aquaculture, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides a feed formulation suitable for aquaculture, comprising the following components by weight percentage: 15-30% soybean meal, 18% rapeseed meal, 7% cottonseed protein concentrate, 0-17% sunflower seed meal, 4% rice bran, 23% wheat flour, 4% corn distillers grains, 0.15-7.32% microcrystalline cellulose, 0.2% choline chloride, 3.8% soybean oil, 1.5% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% premix, 0-0.21% lysine hydrochloride, 0-0.04% methionine, 0.03% antifungal agent, 0.01% antioxidant, 0.1% yttrium oxide, and 2-5% Ulva lactuca powder.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, the present invention is further configured as follows: 15% soybean meal, 18% rapeseed meal, 7% cottonseed protein concentrate, 17% sunflower seed meal, 4% rice bran, 23% wheat flour, 4% corn distillers grains, 0.15-7.32% microcrystalline cellulose, 0.2% choline chloride, 3.8% soybean oil, 1.5% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% premix, 0-0.21% lysine hydrochloride, 0-0.04% methionine, 0.03% antifungal agent, 0.01% antioxidant, 0.1% yttrium oxide, and 5% seaweed powder.

[0009] A second aspect of the present invention also provides a method for preparing a feed formulation suitable for aquaculture, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Remove impurities from the seaweed, rinse, wash with fresh water, dry in the sun, and finely grind in a grinder for later use;

[0011] S2. Grind all raw materials into powder and sieve.

[0012] S3. Weigh out soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed protein concentrate, sunflower seed meal, rice bran, flour, corn distillers grains and microcrystalline cellulose according to the formula ratio, mix them well, and obtain mixture A.

[0013] S4. Accurately weigh choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, premix, lysine hydrochloride, methionine, antifungal agent, antioxidant and seaweed powder according to the formula, mix well to obtain mixture B;

[0014] S5. Accurately weigh the soybean oil liquid raw material according to the feed formula, mix it well, and obtain the mixed feed C;

[0015] S6. Place the mixed materials A, B and C into the feed mixer in sequence and stir to ensure thorough mixing and obtain mixed powder;

[0016] S7. Use a feed pellet extruder to granulate the mixed powder, then air-dry it to obtain feed for aquaculture.

[0017] In conjunction with the second aspect, the present invention is further configured such that, in step S2, the sieving is performed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0018] In conjunction with the second aspect, the present invention is further configured such that, in step S7, the particle size of the granulation is 2 mm.

[0019] In conjunction with the second aspect, the present invention is further configured such that the aquaculture feed is stored in a sealed environment at -20°C.

[0020] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This invention proposes a compound feed for grass carp containing Ulva lactuca powder and its preparation method. Experiments revealed an optimized ratio: 15% soybean meal, 18% rapeseed meal, 7% cottonseed protein concentrate, 17% sunflower seed meal, 4% rice bran, 23% wheat flour, 4% corn distillers grains, 0.15-7.32% microcrystalline cellulose, 0.2% choline chloride, 3.8% soybean oil, 1.5% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1% premix, 0-0.21% lysine hydrochloride, 0-0.04% methionine, 0.03% antifungal agent, 0.01% antioxidant, and 5% Ulva lactuca powder. This feed promotes grass carp feeding under low soybean meal conditions, increases average final weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, and simultaneously promotes the absorption and utilization of phosphorus in the feed. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This invention relates to the effect of low soybean meal supplementation with seaweed powder on the intestinal morphology and structure of grass carp. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] A feed formulation suitable for aquaculture comprises the following ingredients, by weight percentage: soybean meal 15%, rapeseed meal 18%, cottonseed protein concentrate 7%, sunflower seed meal 17%, rice bran 4%, wheat flour 23%, corn distillers grains 4%, microcrystalline cellulose 3.15%, choline chloride 0.2%, soybean oil 3.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, premix 1%, lysine hydrochloride 0.21%, mold inhibitor 0.03%, antioxidant 0.01%, yttrium oxide 0.1%, and seaweed powder 2%. This is designated as group T1.

[0026] Example 2:

[0027] A feed formulation suitable for aquaculture comprises the following ingredients, by weight percentage: soybean meal 15%, rapeseed meal 18%, cottonseed protein concentrate 7%, sunflower seed meal 17%, rice bran 4%, wheat flour 23%, corn distillers grains 4%, microcrystalline cellulose 0.15%, choline chloride 0.2%, soybean oil 3.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, premix 1%, lysine hydrochloride 0.21%, mold inhibitor 0.03%, antioxidant 0.01%, yttrium oxide 0.1%, and seaweed powder 5%. This formulation is designated as group T2.

[0028] Comparative Example 1:

[0029] A feed formulation suitable for aquaculture comprises the following ingredients, by weight percentage: soybean meal 30%, rapeseed meal 18%, cottonseed protein concentrate 7%, rice bran 4%, wheat flour 23%, corn distillers grains 4%, microcrystalline cellulose 7.32%, choline chloride 0.2%, soybean oil 3.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, premix 1%, methionine 0.04%, mold inhibitor 0.03%, yttrium oxide 0.1%, and antioxidant 0.01%. This is designated as group CON.

[0030] Comparative Example 2:

[0031] A feed formulation suitable for aquaculture comprises the following ingredients, by weight percentage: soybean meal 15%, rapeseed meal 18%, cottonseed protein concentrate 7%, sunflower seed meal 17%, rice bran 4%, wheat flour 23%, corn distillers grains solubles 4%, microcrystalline cellulose 5.15%, choline chloride 0.2%, soybean oil 3.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, premix 1%, lysine hydrochloride 0.21%, mold inhibitor 0.03%, yttrium oxide 0.1%, and antioxidant 0.01%. This is designated as group CON.

[0032] This invention also proposes a method for preparing the compound feed and its application, with the specific technical solutions as follows:

[0033] 1. After removing any moldy or impurities from the seaweed, rinse it with running water to remove mud, sand, and salt. Then, wash it with fresh water, dry it in the sun, and finally grind it into a fine powder using a pulverizer.

[0034] 2. Grind all raw materials into powder and pass them through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0035] 3. Accurately weigh the feed ingredients with a high proportion of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed protein concentrate, sunflower seed meal, rice bran, flour, corn distillers grains, and microcrystalline cellulose according to the formula, mix them well, and obtain mixed feed A.

[0036] 4. Accurately weigh the following feed ingredients according to the formula: choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, premix, lysine hydrochloride, methionine, antifungal agent, antioxidant, seaweed powder, and feed ingredients with a small proportion of yttrium oxide. Mix them well to obtain mixed feed B.

[0037] 5. Accurately weigh the soybean oil liquid raw material according to the feed formula, mix it well, and obtain the mixed feed C.

[0038] 6. Place the mixtures A, B, and C into the feed mixer in sequence and stir to ensure thorough mixing and obtain a mixed powder.

[0039] 7. Use a feed extruder to granulate and extrude the mixed powder to obtain feed with a particle size of 2 mm. Air dry the feed, pack it into a sealed bag, and store it at -20℃ for later use.

[0040] Experimental example:

[0041] Six hundred healthy, deformed grass carp juveniles of relatively uniform size (11.2±0.00g) were selected and randomly divided into four groups: CON group (30% soybean meal), NCON group (15% soybean meal + 17% sunflower seed meal), T1 group (15% soybean meal + 17% sunflower seed meal + 2% seaweed powder), and T2 group (15% soybean meal + 17% sunflower seed meal + 5% seaweed powder). Each group had three replicates, with 50 fish per replicate. They were temporarily raised on commercial feed for two weeks, after which a formal breeding trial was conducted. During the trial, they were fed three times a day (08:00-08:30; 12:30-13:00; 18:00-18:30). During the rearing period, natural light was used, the water temperature was 24℃~32℃, the pH was 7.0±0.5, the dissolved oxygen content was >5.5 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen content was <0.2 mg / L, and the nitrite content was <0.02 mg / L. The rearing cycle was 56 days.

[0042] Experimental Results and Analysis

[0043] As shown in Table 1, after a 56-day breeding trial, although there were no significant differences in the final average weight, feed intake rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio among the groups, there was a certain trend of improvement (P values ​​were 0.076, 0.061, 0.076, 0.075, and 0.141, respectively). Numerically, the effect of adding 5% *Ulva prolifera* was better than that of 2%. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in survival rate among the groups (P>0.05). Regarding body morphology parameters, there were no significant differences in conditionability and liver-to-body ratio among the groups (P>0.05), but the liver-to-body ratio of groups T1 and T2 was significantly lower than that of group CON, and the liver-to-body ratio of group T2 was significantly lower than that of group NCON.

[0044] Table 1. Effects of low soybean meal supplementation with seaweed meal on the growth performance of grass carp.

[0045]

[0046] As shown in Table 2, after 56 days of aquaculture, compared with the CON group, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity in the NCON group was significantly increased (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the T1 and T2 groups and the NCON group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in acid phosphatase activity among the groups (P>0.05). In addition, the serum calcium content in the CON group, T1 and T2 groups was significantly lower than that in the NCON group, and the calcium content in the T2 group was significantly lower than that in the CON group (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with the NCON group, the serum phosphorus content in the CON group, T1 and T2 groups was decreased, with the T2 group showing a significant decrease (P<0.05).

[0047] Table 2. Effects of low soybean meal supplementation with seaweed powder on serum physiological and biochemical parameters of grass carp.

[0048]

[0049] from Figure 1 It can be observed that the intestinal villi in the CON group were intact, while the intestinal villi in the NCON group were damaged and broken and fewer in number, and the muscle layer was thinner. After supplementing with seaweed powder, the damage to the intestinal villi was alleviated, the number of villi increased, and there were a large number of goblet cells. The muscle layer was intact and there was no damage.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed formula suitable for aquaculture, characterized by: It includes the following ingredients by weight percentage: soybean meal 15-30%, rapeseed meal 18%, cottonseed protein concentrate 7%, sunflower seed meal 0-17%, rice bran 4%, wheat flour 23%, corn distillers grains 4%, microcrystalline cellulose 0.15-7.32%, choline chloride 0.2%, soybean oil 3.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, premix 1%, lysine hydrochloride 0-0.21%, methionine 0-0.04%, antifungal agent 0.03%, antioxidant 0.01%, yttrium oxide 0.1%, and seaweed powder 2-5%.

2. The feed formulation suitable for aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ingredients are: soybean meal 15%, rapeseed meal 18%, cottonseed protein concentrate 7%, sunflower seed meal 17%, rice bran 4%, wheat flour 23%, corn distillers grains 4%, microcrystalline cellulose 0.15-7.32%, choline chloride 0.2%, soybean oil 3.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, premix 1%, lysine hydrochloride 0-0.21%, methionine 0-0.04%, antifungal agent 0.03%, antioxidant 0.01%, yttrium oxide 0.1%, and seaweed powder 5%.

3. A method for preparing feed suitable for aquaculture as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Remove impurities from the seaweed, rinse, wash with fresh water, dry in the sun, and finely grind in a grinder for later use; S2. Grind all raw materials into powder and sieve. S3. Weigh out soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed protein concentrate, sunflower seed meal, rice bran, flour, corn distillers grains and microcrystalline cellulose according to the formula ratio, mix them well, and obtain mixture A. S4. Accurately weigh choline chloride, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, premix, lysine hydrochloride, methionine, antifungal agent, antioxidant and seaweed powder according to the formula, mix well to obtain mixture B; S5. Accurately weigh the soybean oil liquid raw material according to the feed formula, mix it well, and obtain the mixed feed C; S6. Place the mixed materials A, B and C into the feed mixer in sequence and stir to ensure thorough mixing and obtain mixed powder; S7. Use a feed pellet extruder to granulate the mixed powder, then air-dry it to obtain feed for aquaculture.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the sieving is performed through an 80-mesh sieve.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S7, the particle size of the granulation is 2 mm.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The aquaculture feed is stored in a sealed environment at -20℃.

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