Online purification device and purification process for cracking tail gas based on waste ternary battery material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery recycling, in particular to a waste ternary battery material cracking tail gas online purification device and process, the waste ternary battery material cracking tail gas online purification device comprises a gas inlet tower, a gas conveying pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the outer portion of the gas inlet tower, and a fan is fixedly connected to the end, away from the gas inlet tower, of the gas conveying pipe. By using the preliminary filtering assembly and the purifying assembly, solid particles in the tail gas are filtered by a multi-layer filtering sieve when the cracked tail gas is treated, so that the situation that the solid particles in the tail gas enter a spray tower to cause blockage of the spray tower is reduced, and meanwhile, by using a turbulent flow turbine in the spray tower, the solid particles in the tail gas are prevented from entering the spray tower to cause blockage of the spray tower. The waste gas forms turbulent flow to be forcibly mixed with atomized alkali liquor, the reaction rate of the device is increased, the alkali liquor in the reacted gas is intercepted by the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate, the consumption speed of the alkali liquor is reduced, meanwhile, subsequent pollution to gas emission is reduced, and the practicability of the device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery recycling technology, and more specifically, to an online purification device and process for the exhaust gas from the cracking of waste ternary lithium battery materials. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid growth of the new energy vehicle industry, the recycling and disposal of waste power batteries has become a key issue in environmental protection and resource recycling. In the recycling process, thermal pyrolysis is a critical processing step, which aims to remove the binder and electrolyte residues in the electrode materials. However, during the pyrolysis process, highly hazardous industrial waste gases are generated, mainly including some solid particulate matter and acidic gases. If these gases are discharged directly into the environment without treatment, they will cause pollution.

[0003] In actual use, there are still shortcomings. In traditional spray towers, static air distribution and spraying are usually used. This contact method is not sufficient, resulting in low reaction efficiency between acidic gas and alkaline solution. Some waste gas may pass through the purification zone without undergoing sufficient reaction, leading to excessive emissions and adverse effects on the surrounding ecological environment.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention discloses an online purification device and purification process for the pyrolysis tail gas of waste ternary battery materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem mentioned in the background art, where traditional spray towers typically employ static gas distribution and spraying, resulting in insufficient contact and low reaction efficiency between acidic gases and alkaline solutions, potentially leading to some waste gas passing through the purification zone without complete reaction and causing emissions exceeding standards, thus adversely affecting the surrounding ecological environment, this invention provides an online purification device and process for waste ternary battery material pyrolysis tail gas. The device includes an inlet tower, with a gas delivery pipe fixedly connected to one side of the inlet tower. A fan is fixedly connected to the end of the gas delivery pipe away from the inlet tower, and a waste liquid collection tank is fixedly connected to the output end of the fan. A spray tower is fixedly connected to the end of the waste liquid collection tank away from the fan, and an alkaline solution cylinder is installed on one side of the spray tower. A preliminary filter assembly is located at the top of the inner side of the intake tower. The preliminary filter assembly includes a cleaning mechanism, and the preliminary filter assembly is used in conjunction with the cleaning mechanism. A purification component is located inside the spray tower. The purification component includes a turbulence mechanism, a gas-liquid separation mechanism, and a scraping mechanism, which work together. Preferably, the preliminary filtration assembly includes an intake flange and a filter screen. The intake flange is fixedly connected to the top of the outer side of the intake tower, and multiple sets of filter screens are provided on the top of the inner side of the intake tower. The filter screens are located at the bottom of the intake flange.

[0006] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes a pneumatic impeller, a rotating shaft A, cleaning brushes, and a windproof cover. The rotating shaft A is rotatably connected to the inner center of the filter screen, and the pneumatic impeller is fixed to the top outer side of the rotating shaft A. The pneumatic impeller is located inside the air inlet flange. Multiple sets of cleaning brushes are fixed to the outer center of the rotating shaft A. The cleaning brushes are in close contact with the filter screen. A windproof cover is fixed to the outer center of the rotating shaft A near the cleaning brushes.

[0007] Preferably, the purification assembly includes a collection tank, a pressure pump, an alkali pipe, a spray pipe, an atomizing nozzle, and an air inlet screen. The collection tank is fixedly connected to the bottom inner side of the spray tower, the pressure pump is fixedly connected to the top outer side of the alkali cylinder, the alkali pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom outer side of the alkali cylinder, the collection tank and the alkali cylinder are connected through the alkali pipe, multiple sets of spray pipes are fixedly connected to the outside of the collection tank, an atomizing nozzle is fixedly connected to the end of the spray pipe away from the collection tank, and an air inlet screen is fixedly connected to the top outer side of the spray tower.

[0008] Preferably, the turbulence-inducing mechanism includes an air intake pipe, a partition cylinder, a support frame, a rotating shaft B, a bevel gear set, a servo motor A, a turbulence turbine, and a reverse coupling. Multiple sets of air intake pipes are fixedly connected to the top outer side of the air intake screen. A partition cylinder is fixedly connected to the end of each air intake pipe away from the air intake screen. Two sets of support frames are fixedly connected inside the partition cylinder. A rotating shaft B is rotatably connected to the middle of each support frame. A bevel gear set is provided at one bottom end of the rotating shaft B. A servo motor A is provided at the bottom outer side of the spray tower. The output end of the servo motor A is fixedly connected to the bevel gear set. Two sets of turbulence turbines are fixedly connected to the middle outer side of the rotating shaft B. A reverse coupling is provided in the middle of the rotating shaft B. The two sets of turbulence turbines are respectively located near the two ends of the reverse coupling.

[0009] Preferably, the gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate, an air outlet, and a ceramic bearing. An air outlet is provided at the top outer side of the spray tower, and a ceramic bearing is fixedly connected to the top inner side of the spray tower. A high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate is fixedly connected to the bottom outer side of the ceramic bearing, and the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate is connected to the spray tower through the ceramic bearing.

[0010] Preferably, the scraping mechanism includes gear A, gear B, servo motor B, a fixed column, and cleaning scrapers. Gear A is fixedly connected to the outer side of the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate near the ceramic bearing. Servo motor B is fixedly connected to the top of the outer side of the spray tower. Gear B is fixedly connected to the output end of servo motor B. Gear B is located inside the spray tower. Gear B meshes with gear A. A fixed column is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer side of the air inlet screen. Multiple sets of cleaning scrapers are fixedly connected to the outer side of the fixed column. The cleaning scrapers are in close contact with the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate.

[0011] Preferably, a guide plate is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner side of the spray tower, and the inside of the guide plate is fixedly connected to the partition cylinder. Multiple sets of through holes are opened in the middle of the guide plate, and air intake pipes and spray pipes pass through the through holes. A guide pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the outer side of the guide plate, and the guide pipe passes through the outer wall of the spray tower. A liquid inlet groove is opened at the end of the guide pipe near the guide plate, and a waste liquid pipe is fixedly connected to the end of the guide pipe away from the liquid inlet groove. A waste liquid tank is opened inside the waste liquid collection tank, and the waste liquid tank and the waste liquid pipe are interconnected.

[0012] Preferably, the online exhaust gas purification process is mainly applicable to the above-mentioned online purification device for exhaust gas from the cracking of waste ternary battery materials. The process mainly includes the following steps: S1: Connect the external power supply and control module of the device, start the system, connect the industrial waste gas pipeline generated by the cracking of waste lithium batteries to the air inlet flange, and inject the waste gas into the air inlet tower. S2: Exhaust gas passes through a multi-layer filter screen with progressively decreasing pore size, separating solid particles step by step. At the same time, high-speed airflow drives the fan impeller to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating shaft A and the cleaning brush to rotate, automatically scraping off the dirt attached to the inside of the filter screen. The windproof cover guides the airflow, reducing the possibility of powder accumulation being blown away by the airflow. S3: Start the fan and draw in the pre-filtered exhaust gas through the air supply pipe. Then blow it into the waste liquid collection tank and the top of the spray tower. After the exhaust gas is divided by the air inlet screen, it enters the air intake pipe. At the same time, the pressure pump pumps the alkaline solution from the alkaline solution cylinder into the collection tank and the spray pipe. During this process, the high-temperature exhaust gas exchanges heat with the alkaline solution in the spray pipe through the air intake pipe, preheating the alkaline solution. S4: The preheated alkaline solution is sprayed out from the atomizing nozzle, and the exhaust gas enters the bottom of the separator. The servo motor A drives the rotating shaft B through the bevel gear set, causing the two sets of turbulence turbines connected by the reverse coupling to rotate in opposite directions, cutting and squeezing the exhaust gas into violent turbulence, achieving forced mixing with the atomized alkaline solution at the microscale, and significantly accelerating the neutralization reaction rate. S5: The clean gas after the reaction carries fine alkaline droplets to the top of the spray tower. The high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate charges and coalesces the droplets, while the large droplets are captured under the action of electrostatic force and flow down along the electrode plate to achieve gas-liquid separation. At the same time, the servo motor B drives gear B to mesh with gear A, which drives the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate to rotate slowly. Its bottom is continuously scraped by a fixed cleaning scraper to remove the attached droplets and keep the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate clean. S6: Waste liquid dripping from the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate, as well as excess liquid generated during the reaction, falls onto the guide plate. After converging, it enters the waste liquid collection tank of the waste liquid collection box through the liquid inlet tank, the drainage pipe and the waste liquid pipe for unified treatment. The purified gas is then discharged through the gas outlet.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this online purification device and process for pyrolysis tail gas of waste ternary battery materials, the use of preliminary filtration components and purification components filters solid particles in the tail gas during the treatment of pyrolysis tail gas. This reduces the number of solid particles entering the spray tower and causing blockage. At the same time, inside the spray tower, the use of a turbulent turbine forces the exhaust gas to form turbulence and mix it with the atomized alkaline solution, improving the reaction rate of the device. The high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate intercepts the alkaline solution in the gas after the reaction, reducing the consumption rate of alkaline solution and reducing subsequent pollution to the gas emissions, thus increasing the practicality of the device.

[0014] 2. In this online purification device and process for the pyrolysis tail gas of waste ternary battery materials, the use of a guide plate and a waste liquid tank collects the droplets dripping from the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate, reducing the accumulation of liquid at the bottom of the spray tower, reducing corrosion of the internal parts of the spray tower, and further improving the service life of the device. At the same time, the guide plate is used to connect the separator cylinder and the spray tower, making the separator cylinder more stable and reliable inside the spray tower. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air intake tower of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the air intake flange of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the spray tower of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the separator cylinder of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the turbulence turbine of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide plate of the present invention; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged view of point B; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the servo motor B of the present invention; Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 Enlarged view of point C.

[0016] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Inlet tower; 2. Gas delivery pipe; 3. Fan; 4. Waste liquid collection tank; 5. Spray tower; 6. Alkali solution cylinder; 7. Inlet flange; 8. Pneumatic impeller; 9. Filter screen; 10. Rotating shaft A; 11. Cleaning brush; 12. Windproof cover; 13. Liquid collection tank; 14. Pressure pump; 15. Alkali solution pipe; 16. Spray pipe; 17. Atomizing nozzle; 18. Inlet screen; 19. Air intake pipe; 20. Divider cylinder; 21. Support frame; 22. 23. Rotating shaft B; 24. Bevel gear set; 25. Servo motor A; 26. Turbine turbine; 27. High-voltage electrostatic electrode plate; 28. Vent; 29. ​​Ceramic bearing; 30. Gear A; 31. Gear B; 32. Servo motor B; 33. Fixed column; 34. Cleaning scraper; 35. Guide plate; 36. Through hole; 37. Drain pipe; 38. Liquid inlet tank; 39. Waste liquid pipe; 40. Waste liquid tank; 51. Reverse coupling. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] In traditional spray towers, static air distribution and spraying are usually used. This contact method is not sufficient, resulting in low reaction efficiency between acidic gases and alkaline solutions. Some waste gases may pass through the purification zone without undergoing sufficient reaction, leading to excessive emissions and adverse effects on the surrounding ecological environment.

[0019] Therefore, this invention provides an online purification device and process for the pyrolysis tail gas of waste ternary battery materials. (See [link to relevant documentation]) Figure 1-12 As shown, it includes an air intake tower 1, an air supply pipe 2 is fixedly connected to one side of the air intake tower 1, a fan 3 is fixedly connected to one end of the air supply pipe 2 away from the air intake tower 1, a waste liquid collection tank 4 is fixedly connected to the output end of the fan 3, a spray tower 5 is fixedly connected to one end of the waste liquid collection tank 4 away from the fan 3, and an alkaline liquid cylinder 6 is provided on one side of the spray tower 5. A preliminary filter assembly is located at the top inside the intake tower 1. The preliminary filter assembly includes a cleaning mechanism, and the preliminary filter assembly is used in conjunction with the cleaning mechanism. The purification component is located inside the spray tower 5. The purification component includes a turbulence mechanism, a gas-liquid separation mechanism, and a scraping mechanism, which work together.

[0020] The preliminary filtration assembly includes an intake flange 7 and a filter screen 9. The intake flange 7 is fixedly connected to the top of the outer side of the intake tower 1. Multiple sets of filter screens 9 are provided on the top of the inner side of the intake tower 1. The filter screens 9 are located at the bottom of the intake flange 7. The filter screens 9 and the intake tower 1 are detachably connected, allowing for regular maintenance and replacement of the filter screens 9, thus increasing their service life.

[0021] The cleaning mechanism includes a pneumatic impeller 8, a rotating shaft A10, cleaning brushes 11, and a windproof cover 12. The rotating shaft A10 is rotatably connected to the inner center of the filter screen 9. The pneumatic impeller 8 is fixed to the top of the outer side of the rotating shaft A10. The pneumatic impeller 8 is located inside the air inlet flange 7. Multiple sets of cleaning brushes 11 are fixed to the outer center of the rotating shaft A10. The cleaning brushes 11 are in close contact with the filter screen 9. The windproof cover 12 is fixed to the outer center of the rotating shaft A10 near the cleaning brushes 11.

[0022] The purification assembly includes a collection tank 13, a pressure pump 14, an alkali pipe 15, a spray pipe 16, an atomizing nozzle 17, and an air inlet screen 18. The collection tank 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner side of the spray tower 5. The pressure pump 14 is fixedly connected to the top outer side of the alkali cylinder 6. The alkali pipe 15 is fixedly connected to the bottom outer side of the alkali cylinder 6. The collection tank 13 and the alkali cylinder 6 are connected through the alkali pipe 15. Multiple sets of spray pipes 16 are fixedly connected to the outside of the collection tank 13. An atomizing nozzle 17 is fixedly connected to the end of the spray pipe 16 away from the collection tank 13. An air inlet screen 18 is fixedly connected to the top outer side of the spray tower 5.

[0023] The turbulence-inducing mechanism includes an air intake pipe 19, a partition cylinder 20, a support frame 21, a rotating shaft B22, a bevel gear set 23, a servo motor A24, a turbulence turbine 25, and a reverse coupling 40. Multiple sets of air intake pipes 19 are fixedly connected to the top outer side of the air intake screen 18. A partition cylinder 20 is fixedly connected to the end of each air intake pipe 19 away from the air intake screen 18. Two sets of support frames 21 are fixedly connected inside the partition cylinder 20. A rotating shaft B22 is rotatably connected to the middle of each support frame 21. A bevel gear set 23 is installed at the bottom end of the rotating shaft B22. A servo motor A24 is installed at the bottom outer side of the spray tower 5. The output end is fixedly connected to the bevel gear set 23. The servo motor A24 and the bevel gear set 23 are located at the bottom of the spray tower 5, on the outside of the device. The purpose of this design is that if maintenance and repair are required during long-term use, it is not necessary to enter the spray tower 5 for maintenance. A sealing structure is set at the connection. This design facilitates maintenance from outside the spray tower 5 and reduces the working cost of subsequent maintenance and repair. Two sets of turbulence turbines 25 are fixedly connected to the middle of the outer side of the rotating shaft B22. A reverse coupling 40 is set in the middle of the rotating shaft B22. The two sets of turbulence turbines 25 are respectively close to the two ends of the reverse coupling 40.

[0024] The gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26, an air outlet 27, and a ceramic bearing 28. An air outlet 27 is provided on the top outer side of the spray tower 5. A ceramic bearing 28 is fixedly connected to the top inner side of the spray tower 5. A high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 is fixedly connected to the bottom outer side of the ceramic bearing 28. The high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 and the spray tower 5 are connected through the ceramic bearing 28.

[0025] The scraping mechanism includes gear A29, gear B30, servo motor B31, fixed column 32, and cleaning scraper 33. Gear A29 is fixedly connected to the outside of the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 near the ceramic bearing 28. Servo motor B31 is fixedly connected to the top of the outside of the spray tower 5. Gear B30 is fixedly connected to the output end of servo motor B31. Gear B30 is located inside the spray tower 5 and meshes with gear A29. Fixed column 32 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outside of the air inlet screen 18. Multiple sets of cleaning scraper 33 are fixedly connected to the outside of fixed column 32. The cleaning scraper 33 is in close contact with the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26.

[0026] During operation, the device is first connected to an external power supply, and then to an external control module. The electronic components in this technical solution are driven by the cooperation of the external control module and the power supply. The external control module is existing technology and should be well known to those skilled in the art, so it will not be described in detail in this technical solution.

[0027] The industrial waste gas generated from the pyrolysis of waste lithium batteries is injected into the air intake tower 1 through the air intake flange 7. The air intake flange 7 is connected to the waste gas pipeline. When the air intake flange 7 is used at the pipeline connection, it can effectively increase the sealing and stability of the pipeline connection and reduce the situation where the waste gas is directly leaked into the air without purification.

[0028] When exhaust gas enters the intake tower 1 through the intake flange 7, it passes through multiple layers of filter screens 9. The pore size of the three sets of filter screens 9 gradually decreases, progressively screening the solid particles inside the exhaust gas to separate them from acidic gases. Simultaneously, as the exhaust gas passes through the intake flange 7, the high-speed airflow drives the impeller 8 to rotate. The impeller 8 drives the rotating shaft A10 to rotate inside the multiple sets of filter screens 9, causing the cleaning brush 11 on the outside of the rotating shaft A10 to continuously scrape the inner wall of the filter screens 9. As the filter screens 9 continuously screen for solid particles in the exhaust gas, dirt accumulates on their surface. Therefore, cleaning is necessary to remove dirt. The cleaning brush 11 scrapes the surface of the filter screen 9 to achieve a cleaning effect. The scraped particles are powdery and fall into the middle of the filter screen 9 because the inside of the filter screen 9 is conical. A windproof cover 12 is set at the top of the powder accumulation point to block the powder accumulation point in the middle of the filter screen 9. The surface of the windproof cover 12 has a certain curvature. When the exhaust gas at the top comes into contact with the windproof cover 12, it guides the airflow and blows it toward the surface of the filter screen 9, reducing the possibility of the airflow blowing toward the powder accumulation point. At the same time, the main function of the wind turbine 8 is to drive the rotating shaft A10 to rotate. There are no requirements for accuracy and rotation speed.

[0029] The drive fan 3 and the air supply pipe 2 are used to connect the negative pressure end of the fan 3. The exhaust gas filtered inside the intake tower 1 is drawn into the waste liquid collection box 4 through the air supply pipe 2, and then blown into the top of the inner side of the spray tower 5. When the exhaust gas enters the spray tower 5, the large amount of exhaust gas is diverted by the intake screen 18 and enters into multiple sets of air intake pipes 19. Then, the air intake pipes 19 transport it into the separator cylinder 20. At the same time, the pressure pump 14 pumps the alkali solution inside the alkali solution cylinder 6 into the collection tank 13 through the alkali solution pipe 15. Then, the pump continues to pressurize and pump the alkali solution into the spray pipe 16. The alkali solution is transported to the top of the separator cylinder 20 and then atomized and sprayed by the atomizing nozzle 17. During the process of the exhaust gas descending and the alkali solution rising, the spray pipe 16 and the air intake pipe 19 will exchange heat, that is, the high temperature inside the exhaust gas... The heat is preheated on the alkaline solution through the spray pipe 16 and the air intake pipe 19. As shown in the attached diagram of the instruction manual, the arrangement of the air intake pipe 19 and the spray pipe 16 in this technical solution is relatively sparse to facilitate the demonstration of its working process. In actual use, the arrangement of the air intake pipe 19 and the spray pipe 16 should be more compact, so that the air intake pipe 19 and the spray pipe 16 are in close contact with each other, so that they can smoothly complete the countercurrent heat exchange. Through the countercurrent heat exchange, the alkaline solution is gradually heated during the rising process. When the alkaline solution is sprayed out from the inside of the atomizing nozzle 17, it has already been preheated. This makes the subsequent mixing reaction of the alkaline solution and the exhaust gas occur in a relatively stable temperature range, thereby significantly accelerating the neutralization reaction rate of the alkaline solution and the acidic substances in the exhaust gas.

[0030] When the exhaust gas is injected into the bottom of the separator cylinder 20 through the exhaust pipe 19, the servo motor A24 starts working, driving the bevel gear set 23 and the rotating shaft B22 to start rotating. The rotating shaft B22 drives the turbulence turbine 25 to rotate inside the separator cylinder 20. A reverse coupling 40 is set between the two sets of turbulence turbines 25. The reverse coupling 40 uses existing technology to make the two sets of turbulence turbines 25 rotate in opposite directions. When the exhaust gas passes through the turbulence turbine 25, it will be cut and squeezed by the turbulence turbine 25 to form a violent turbulence. When the turbulence comes into contact with the atomized alkaline liquid sprayed by the atomizing nozzle 17, it forms a forced mixing at the microscale, which is more thorough and can significantly improve the reaction rate. Finally, the excess liquid will be discharged through the drain port at the bottom of the separator cylinder 20.

[0031] After the reaction is complete, the treated clean gas will rise inside the spray tower 5. At this time, there will be some small alkaline droplets inside the clean gas. These droplets will be discharged into the atmosphere through the gas outlet 27 along with the clean gas. This not only increases the consumption rate of alkaline solution but also has an impact on the environment. Therefore, when the gas-liquid mixture formed by the clean gas and the small alkaline solution passes through the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26, a large number of positive ions and electrons will be generated around the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26. These charged particles will collide with and attach to the droplets, making them charged. Then, droplets with the same charge will be driven away from each other by electrostatic repulsion, causing them to collide and coalesce, making the atomized alkaline solution form larger droplets. After the charged droplets coalesce and grow larger, they will collide with the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 under the action of electrostatic field force, and then lose their charge. Then, due to their own gravity, they will flow downward along the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26, completing the gas-liquid separation, reducing the consumption rate of alkaline solution, and reducing air pollution.

[0032] When the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 dehumidifies the gas after the reaction, the servo motor B31 drives the gear B30 to rotate, so that the gear B30 continuously meshes with the gear A29, thereby driving the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 to rotate at the bottom of the air inlet screen 18. Because the ceramic bearing 28 is a bearing and is made of ceramic material, it has good corrosion resistance, which enhances the service life of the device. During the continuous rotation of the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26, the bottom of the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 continuously contacts the cleaning scraper 33 at the bottom of the fixed column 32. The cleaning scraper 33 cleans the droplets attached to the bottom of the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26, further extending the service life of the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26.

[0033] By using the preliminary filtration and purification components, the multi-layer filter screen 9 filters solid particles in the exhaust gas during the treatment of pyrolysis exhaust gas, reducing the amount of solid particles entering the spray tower 5 and preventing blockage. At the same time, inside the spray tower 5, the use of the turbulence turbine 25 forces the exhaust gas to form turbulence and mix it with the atomized alkaline solution, improving the reaction rate of the device. The high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 intercepts the alkaline solution in the gas after the reaction, reducing the consumption rate of alkaline solution and reducing subsequent pollution to the gas emissions, thus increasing the practicality of the device.

[0034] For details, see Figure 1 , Figure 9-10 As shown, a guide plate 34 is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner side of the spray tower 5. The guide plate 34 is fixedly connected to the partition cylinder 20. Multiple sets of through holes 35 are opened in the middle of the guide plate 34. An air intake pipe 19 and a spray pipe 16 pass through the through holes 35. A guide pipe 36 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the guide plate 34. The guide pipe 36 passes through the outer wall of the spray tower 5. A liquid inlet groove 37 is opened at the end of the guide pipe 36 near the guide plate 34. A waste liquid pipe 38 is fixedly connected to the end of the guide pipe 36 away from the liquid inlet groove 37. A waste liquid tank 39 is opened inside the waste liquid collection tank 4. The waste liquid tank 39 and the waste liquid pipe 38 are interconnected.

[0035] When the droplets at the bottom of the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 begin to drip, they fall into the top of the guide plate 34. Due to the shape of the guide plate 34, the droplets falling into the guide plate 34 will gather together and flow into the inlet tank 37, and finally into the drain pipe 36. Then, through the drain pipe 36 and the waste liquid pipe 38, they enter the waste liquid tank 39 to collect the waste liquid for subsequent treatment.

[0036] By using the guide plate 34 and the waste liquid tank 39, the droplets dripping from the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 are collected, reducing the accumulation of liquid at the bottom of the spray tower 5, reducing the corrosion of the internal parts of the spray tower 5, and further improving the service life of the device. At the same time, the guide plate 34 is used to connect the partition cylinder 20 and the spray tower 5, making the partition cylinder 20 more stable and reliable inside the spray tower 5.

[0037] Furthermore, this online exhaust gas purification process is mainly applicable to the aforementioned online purification device for exhaust gas from the cracking of waste ternary battery materials. The process mainly includes the following steps: S1: Connect the external power supply and control module of the device, start the system, connect the industrial waste gas pipeline generated by the cracking of waste lithium batteries to the air inlet flange 7, and inject the waste gas into the air inlet tower 1. S2: Exhaust gas passes through a multi-layer filter screen 9 with progressively decreasing pore size, separating solid particles step by step. At the same time, high-speed airflow drives the fan impeller 8 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating shaft A10 and cleaning brush 11 to rotate, automatically scraping off the dirt adhering to the inside of the filter screen 9. The windproof cover 12 guides the airflow, reducing the possibility of powder accumulation being blown away by the airflow. S3: Start the fan 3, and draw in the pre-filtered exhaust gas through the air supply pipe 2, and blow it into the top of the waste liquid collection tank 4 and the spray tower 5 in sequence. After the exhaust gas is diverted by the air inlet screen 18, it enters the air intake pipe 19. At the same time, the pressure pump 14 pumps the alkaline solution from the alkaline solution cylinder 6 into the liquid collection tank 13 and the spray pipe 16. During this process, the high temperature exhaust gas exchanges heat with the alkaline solution in the spray pipe 16 through the air intake pipe 19 to preheat the alkaline solution. S4: The preheated alkaline solution is sprayed out by the atomizing nozzle 17, and the exhaust gas enters the bottom of the separator cylinder 20. The servo motor A24 drives the rotating shaft B22 through the bevel gear set 23, causing the two sets of turbulence turbines 25 connected by the reverse coupling 40 to rotate in opposite directions, cutting and squeezing the exhaust gas into violent turbulence, achieving forced mixing with the atomized alkaline solution at the microscale, and significantly accelerating the neutralization reaction rate. S5: The clean gas after the reaction carries fine alkaline droplets to the top of the spray tower 5. The high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 charges and coalesces the droplets. Large droplets are captured under the action of electrostatic force and flow down along the electrode plate to achieve gas-liquid separation. At the same time, the servo motor B31 drives the gear B30 to mesh with the gear A29, which drives the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 to rotate slowly. Its bottom is continuously scraped by the fixed cleaning scraper 33 to remove the attached droplets and keep the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26 clean. S6: Waste liquid dripping from the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate 26, as well as excess liquid generated during the reaction, falls onto the guide plate 34. After converging, it enters the waste liquid tank 39 of the waste liquid collection tank 4 through the liquid inlet tank 37, the drainage pipe 36, and the waste liquid pipe 38 for unified treatment. The purified gas is then discharged through the gas outlet 27.

[0038] In summary, this effectively solves the problem that traditional spray towers typically use static gas distribution and spraying, which is insufficient in terms of contact. This results in low reaction efficiency between acidic gases and alkaline solutions, and some waste gases may pass through the purification zone without undergoing sufficient reaction, leading to excessive emissions and adverse effects on the surrounding ecological environment.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An online purification device for tail gas from the cracking of waste ternary lithium battery materials, characterized in that: Includes an air intake tower (1), an air supply pipe (2) is fixedly connected to one side of the air intake tower (1), a fan (3) is fixedly connected to one end of the air supply pipe (2) away from the air intake tower (1), a waste liquid collection tank (4) is fixedly connected to the output end of the fan (3), a spray tower (5) is fixedly connected to one end of the waste liquid collection tank (4) away from the fan (3), and an alkali liquid cylinder (6) is provided on one side of the spray tower (5). A preliminary filter assembly is located at the top inside the intake tower (1). The preliminary filter assembly includes a cleaning mechanism inside and is used in conjunction with the cleaning mechanism. The purification component is located inside the spray tower (5). The purification component includes a turbulence mechanism, a gas-liquid separation mechanism and a scraping mechanism, which are used in conjunction with each other.

2. The online purification device for pyrolysis tail gas based on waste ternary battery materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preliminary filtration assembly includes an intake flange (7) and a filter screen (9). The intake flange (7) is fixed to the top of the outer side of the intake tower (1). Multiple filter screens (9) are provided on the top of the inner side of the intake tower (1). The filter screens (9) are located at the bottom of the intake flange (7).

3. The online purification device for pyrolysis tail gas of waste ternary battery materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism includes a pneumatic impeller (8), a rotating shaft A (10), a cleaning brush (11), and a windproof cover (12). The rotating shaft A (10) is rotatably connected to the inner middle of the filter screen (9). The pneumatic impeller (8) is fixed to the top of the outer side of the rotating shaft A (10). The pneumatic impeller (8) is located inside the air inlet flange (7). Multiple sets of cleaning brushes (11) are fixed to the outer middle of the rotating shaft A (10). The cleaning brushes (11) are in close contact with the filter screen (9). The windproof cover (12) is fixed to the outer middle of the rotating shaft A (10) near the cleaning brushes (11).

4. The online purification device for pyrolysis tail gas based on waste ternary battery materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The purification components include a collection tank (13), a pressure pump (14), an alkali pipe (15), a spray pipe (16), an atomizing nozzle (17), and an air inlet screen (18). The collection tank (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom inner side of the spray tower (5). The pressure pump (14) is fixedly connected to the top outer side of the alkali cylinder (6). The alkali pipe (15) is fixedly connected to the bottom outer side of the alkali cylinder (6). The collection tank (13) and the alkali cylinder (6) are connected through the alkali pipe (15). Multiple sets of spray pipes (16) are fixedly connected to the outside of the collection tank (13). An atomizing nozzle (17) is fixedly connected to the end of the spray pipe (16) away from the collection tank (13). An air inlet screen (18) is fixedly connected to the top outer side of the spray tower (5).

5. The online purification device for pyrolysis tail gas based on waste ternary battery materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: The turbulence mechanism includes an air intake pipe (19), a separator cylinder (20), a support frame (21), a rotating shaft B (22), a bevel gear set (23), a servo motor A (24), a turbulence turbine (25), and a reverse coupling (40). Multiple sets of air intake pipes (19) are fixedly connected to the top outer side of the air intake screen (18). A separator cylinder (20) is fixedly connected to one end of the air intake pipe (19) away from the air intake screen (18). Two sets of support frames (21) are fixedly connected inside the separator cylinder (20). The middle of the support frame (21)... A rotating shaft B (22) is rotatably connected. A bevel gear set (23) is provided at one bottom end of the rotating shaft B (22). A servo motor A (24) is provided at the bottom outside of the spray tower (5). The output end of the servo motor A (24) is fixedly connected to the bevel gear set (23). Two sets of turbulence turbines (25) are fixedly connected to the middle of the outer side of the rotating shaft B (22). A reverse coupling (40) is provided in the middle of the rotating shaft B (22). The two sets of turbulence turbines (25) are respectively close to the two ends of the reverse coupling (40).

6. The online purification device for pyrolysis tail gas based on waste ternary battery materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas-liquid separation mechanism includes a high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate (26), an air outlet (27), and a ceramic bearing (28). An air outlet (27) is provided on the top of the outer side of the spray tower (5). A ceramic bearing (28) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner side of the spray tower (5). A high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate (26) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer side of the ceramic bearing (28). The high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate (26) and the spray tower (5) are connected through the ceramic bearing (28).

7. The online purification device for pyrolysis tail gas based on waste ternary battery materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The scraping mechanism includes gear A (29), gear B (30), servo motor B (31), fixed column (32) and cleaning scraper (33). Gear A (29) is fixedly connected to the outside of the high voltage electrostatic electrode plate (26) near the ceramic bearing (28). Servo motor B (31) is fixedly connected to the top of the outside of the spray tower (5). Gear B (30) is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor B (31). Gear B (30) is located inside the spray tower (5). Gear B (30) meshes with gear A (29). Fixed column (32) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outside of the air inlet screen (18). Multiple sets of cleaning scrapers (33) are fixedly connected to the outside of the fixed column (32). The cleaning scrapers (33) are in close contact with the high voltage electrostatic electrode plate (26).

8. The online purification device for pyrolysis tail gas of waste ternary battery materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide plate (34) is fixedly connected to the middle of the inner side of the spray tower (5). The inside of the guide plate (34) is fixedly connected to the partition cylinder (20). Multiple sets of through holes (35) are opened in the middle of the guide plate (34). An air intake pipe (19) and a spray pipe (16) pass through the inside of the through holes (35). A guide pipe (36) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the guide plate (34). The guide pipe (36) passes through the outer wall of the spray tower (5). A liquid inlet trough (37) is opened at the end of the guide pipe (36) near the guide plate (34). A waste liquid pipe (38) is fixedly connected at the end of the guide pipe (36) away from the liquid inlet trough (37). A waste liquid tank (39) is opened inside the waste liquid collection box (4). The waste liquid tank (39) and the waste liquid pipe (38) are interconnected.

9. A purification process based on online purification of exhaust gas from the cracking of waste ternary lithium battery materials, characterized in that: The online exhaust gas purification process is mainly applicable to the online purification device for exhaust gas from the cracking of waste ternary battery materials as described in claims 1-8. The process mainly includes the following steps: S1: Connect the external power supply and control module of the device, start the system, connect the industrial waste gas pipeline generated by the cracking of waste lithium batteries to the air inlet flange (7), and inject the waste gas into the air inlet tower (1) from there; S2: The exhaust gas passes through the multi-layer filter screen (9) with progressively decreasing pore size, and the solid particles are separated step by step. At the same time, the high-speed airflow drives the wind turbine (8) to rotate, which drives the rotating shaft A (10) and the cleaning brush (11) to rotate, automatically scraping off the dirt attached to the inside of the filter screen (9); the windproof cover (12) guides the airflow and reduces the possibility of the powder accumulation point being blown away by the airflow. S3: Start the fan (3) and draw in the pre-filtered waste gas through the gas pipe (2), and blow it into the top of the waste liquid collection box (4) and the spray tower (5) in turn. After the waste gas is diverted by the air inlet screen (18), it enters the air intake pipe (19). At the same time, the pressure pump (14) pumps the alkaline solution from the alkaline solution cylinder (6) into the liquid collection box (13) and the spray pipe (16). During this process, the high temperature waste gas exchanges heat with the alkaline solution in the spray pipe (16) through the air intake pipe (19) in a countercurrent manner to preheat the alkaline solution. S4: The preheated alkaline solution is sprayed out by the atomizing nozzle (17), and the exhaust gas enters the bottom of the separator (20). The servo motor A (24) drives the rotating shaft B (22) through the bevel gear set (23), so that the two sets of turbulence turbines (25) connected by the reverse coupling (40) rotate in opposite directions, cutting and squeezing the exhaust gas into violent turbulence, achieving forced mixing with the atomized alkaline solution at the microscale, and significantly accelerating the neutralization reaction rate. S5: The clean gas after the reaction carries the fine alkaline droplets to the top of the spray tower (5). The high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate (26) charges and aggregates the droplets. The large droplets are captured under the action of electrostatic force and flow down along the electrode plate to achieve gas-liquid separation. At the same time, the servo motor B (31) drives the gear B (30) to mesh with the gear A (29), which drives the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate (26) to rotate slowly. The bottom of the plate is continuously scraped by the fixed cleaning scraper (33) to remove the attached droplets and keep the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate (26) clean. S6: The waste liquid dripping from the high-voltage electrostatic electrode plate (26) and the excess liquid generated in the reaction fall into the guide plate (34), and after converging, they enter the waste liquid tank (39) of the waste liquid collection tank (4) through the liquid inlet tank (37), the drainage pipe (36) and the waste liquid pipe (38) for unified treatment. The gas after purification is discharged through the gas outlet (27).

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