Spiral extrusion dewatering device for kitchen waste

Abstract

The invention discloses a kitchen waste spiral extrusion dehydration device, and relates to the technical field of kitchen solid waste treatment, the kitchen waste spiral extrusion dehydration device comprises an outer shell and an extrusion dehydration mechanism arranged in the outer shell; the outer shell comprises a dewatering box and a deslagging box, a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the dewatering box, a slag outlet is formed in the bottom of the deslagging box, and the two box bodies are connected through a communicating hole in the partition plate; the extrusion dewatering mechanism comprises a filter cartridge, a rotating shaft and a spiral auger, the filter cartridge is mounted in the dewatering box, and filter holes are densely distributed in the circumferential direction; the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the filter cartridge and is coaxial with the filter cartridge; a spiral auger is arranged on the rotating shaft; and the pressure adjusting mechanism is arranged at the slag outlet of the filter drum. According to the kitchen waste spiral extrusion dewatering device, through pressure self-adaptive adjustment and self-cleaning design, the dewatering efficiency of kitchen solid waste, the equipment stability and the long-term operation economical efficiency are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of kitchen garbage dewatering, and particularly relates to a kitchen garbage spiral extrusion dewatering device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Kitchen garbage mainly refers to perishable garbage generated in daily life of residents and food processing, catering services and the like, including discarded vegetable leaves, leftovers, fruit peels, eggshells, tea dregs, bones and the like. These garbage has the characteristics of high organic matter content and high moisture, and if not treated directly and stacked or filled, it will quickly rot and emit foul odor, not only polluting the environment, but also bringing great difficulty to collection, transportation and subsequent treatment. In order to facilitate garbage reduction and resource treatment (such as power generation by incineration, landfill, fermentation for fertilizer or feed), it is usually necessary to first dewater the kitchen garbage to reduce its water content, improve the efficiency of subsequent treatment and reduce odor generation. At present, the spiral extrusion dewatering machine is one of the most widely used treatment devices, and its basic principle is to transport and axially extrude the garbage through the rotating movement of the spiral blade in the filter cylinder, so that the water is discharged through the filter hole to realize solid-liquid separation.

[0003] However, the existing spiral extrusion dewatering device still faces several technical challenges in actual operation. On the one hand, due to the complex composition of kitchen garbage, often containing fibers, shells and other sundries, which are extremely easy to jam the spiral blade, not only affecting the dewatering efficiency, but also increasing the maintenance burden due to frequent shutdown for cleaning. On the other hand, the extrusion force of many devices is fixed or has a limited adjustment range, which is difficult to automatically adapt to the fluctuation of garbage composition and water content. When processing garbage with low water content or high fiber content, the fixed extrusion force is easy to cause equipment overload, increase the load and energy consumption of the driving motor, and even cause equipment failure.

[0004] Therefore, there are still defects and deficiencies in the prior art, and how to provide a kitchen garbage spiral extrusion dewatering device with self-adaptive adjustment, strong anti-blocking and convenient maintenance is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a kitchen garbage spiral extrusion dewatering device, which solves the technical problem that the spiral extrusion dewatering device in the existing kitchen solid garbage treatment lacks self-adaptive adjustment capability for complex and variable kitchen garbage characteristics, resulting in low running efficiency, easy overload and blockage and insufficient stability.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a kitchen garbage spiral extrusion dewatering device, which comprises an extrusion dewatering mechanism arranged in the inside of the outer shell body; the outer shell body comprises a dewatering tank and a residue discharge tank, the bottom of the dewatering tank is provided with a water outlet, the bottom of the residue discharge tank is provided with a residue outlet, and the two tank bodies are connected through the communication holes on the partition plate; The extrusion dewatering mechanism includes a filter cylinder, a rotating shaft, and a spiral auger. The filter cylinder is installed inside the dewatering tank and has densely distributed filter holes around its circumference. The rotating shaft is rotatably installed inside the filter cylinder and is coaxial with it. A spiral auger is installed on the rotating shaft. It also includes a pressure regulating mechanism installed at the slag outlet of the filter cylinder. The pressure regulating mechanism can automatically sense when the transmission torque of the screw shaft exceeds the preset safety threshold due to excessive material resistance, and instantly increase the opening of the slag outlet to reduce back pressure, thus serving as an overload protection mechanism to prevent equipment blockage.

[0007] Preferably, the pressure regulating mechanism includes a pressure plate, an elastic support, and a damping component; the pressure plate is installed outside the filter cartridge outlet via a connecting frame, and its end face facing the filter cartridge is conical; The elastic support allows the pressure plate to elastically abut against the slag outlet; the damping component is connected to the pressure plate, and its damping force is adjustable to control the resistance to the movement of the pressure plate when subjected to material pressure.

[0008] Preferably, the damping component includes a hydraulic cylinder, a piston, and an adjustable flow channel; the piston is disposed inside the hydraulic cylinder and divides the hydraulic cylinder into two chambers, which are connected to the pressure plate through a hydraulic rod; the piston has an adjustable flow channel for connecting the two chambers of the hydraulic cylinder; the damping force of the pressure plate movement is adjusted by changing the flow cross-section of the adjustable flow channel.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a control assembly that automatically adjusts the adjustable flow channel opening according to the extrusion torque; the control assembly includes an adjustment unit and a trigger unit; the adjustment unit is used to change the flow channel opening, and its core is a sealing plate rotatably disposed on the piston end face, the sealing plate having an adjustment groove; the trigger unit is used to convert the overload signal of the dewatering mechanism transmission into the rotation action of the sealing plate.

[0010] Preferably, the rotating shaft includes a driving shaft and a driven shaft, which are connected by a transmission assembly. The transmission assembly includes a connecting sleeve, a pair of transmission sleeves with wedge-shaped bevels, and a support spring. The connecting sleeve is connected to the driven shaft via a spline and can slide axially. It transmits torque to the driving shaft through the bevel engagement of the transmission sleeves. When the compressive torque exceeds a set threshold, the bevel slips, and the connecting sleeve generates axial displacement.

[0011] Preferably, the triggering unit includes a conversion group and a rotating rod rotatably disposed inside the hydraulic rod. The triggering unit is used to convert the axial displacement of the connecting sleeve into the rotational motion of the sealing plate. The conversion group includes two wedges with inclined surfaces fixed on the connecting sleeve and the rotating rod respectively. The inclined surfaces convert linear motion into rotational motion, drive the sealing plate to rotate, and open the flow channel.

[0012] Preferably, the adjustment unit further includes a one-way transmission mechanism, which ensures that the rotation adjustment direction of the sealing plate is unique, and realizes the one-way progressive adjustment of the flow channel opening; that is, when the transmission component drives the connecting sleeve to produce an axial displacement due to overload slippage, the flow channel opening increases by one level, and this increase in opening is irreversible.

[0013] Preferably, the damping component is further provided with a reset mechanism; when the pressure plate is pushed to the bottom limit position of the hydraulic cylinder, the reset mechanism is activated, driving the sealing plate to rotate back to the position of closing the flow channel, thereby resetting the system pressure regulation state.

[0014] Preferably, the filter cartridge is configured to rotate about its axis; a spray pipe is provided in the dewatering tank facing the filter cartridge; when the equipment enters the cleaning mode, the spray pipe sprays high-pressure water, and at the same time the filter cartridge rotates slowly, so as to achieve full automatic cleaning of the surface of the filter cartridge.

[0015] Preferably, the rotating shaft has a through hole extending axially into the section of the rotating shaft located inside the filter cartridge, and a radial through hole is formed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft in this section; the material enters the inner hole of the rotating shaft through a fixed feed port and is fed into the rotating filter cartridge through the radial through hole to achieve dynamic feeding.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages: (1) Compared with the above-mentioned background technology, the kitchen waste spiral extrusion dewatering device provided by the present invention achieves automated pressure adaptive adjustment, significantly improving the dewatering effect and equipment reliability: the device, through a split-type rotating shaft structure combined with a transmission component with wedge block cooperation, can sense the torque fluctuation caused by changes in material characteristics in the spiral extrusion chamber in real time. When encountering waste with low moisture content or high fiber content, the system can trigger the hydraulic damping adjustment mechanism connected to the pressure plate through the slippage and reset of the transmission sleeve, automatically and stepwise adjusting the back pressure of the slag outlet, so that the extrusion pressure is always kept within the optimal range. This not only ensures the dryness and wetness uniformity of the dewatered material, but more importantly, it realizes automatic overload protection, avoids the risk of motor stalling or mechanical component damage caused by fixed pressure, and ensures a continuous and stable operation process.

[0017] (2) Compared with the above-mentioned background technology, the kitchen waste spiral extrusion dewatering device provided by the present invention designs the filter cartridge as an independently rotatable structure and installs a high-pressure spray pipe inside the dewatering tank. When maintenance is required, the cleaning mode can be activated, causing the filter cartridge to rotate slowly under drive, while the spray system powerfully washes the surface of the filter cartridge from multiple angles without dead angles. This automated cleaning method can thoroughly remove residues clogging the filter holes, restore the dewatering efficiency of the filter cartridge, and avoid the heavy manual disassembly and cleaning work. This not only significantly reduces the difficulty of later maintenance and labor costs, but also helps to maintain the hygiene inside the equipment, prevent bacterial growth and odor generation, and extend the service life of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer shell of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drive box of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure regulating mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point B; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overlapping structure of the flow channel and the regulating groove of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point C; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point D; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point F; Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point E.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 2. Dewatering mechanism; 3. Drive mechanism; 4. Outlet; 5. Fixed sleeve; 6. Spray pipe; 7. Rotating sleeve; 8. Flange ring; 9. Feed inlet; 10. Radial through hole; 11. Pressure regulating mechanism; 12. Screw; 13. Control component; 14. Mounting hole; 15. End plate; 16. Slag outlet; 101. Dewatering tank; 102. Slag discharge box; 201. Filter cartridge; 202. Rotating shaft; 203. Screw conveyor; 301. Drive box; 302. Drive motor; 303. Belt drive assembly; 1101. Pressure plate; 1102. Connecting frame; 2021. Drive shaft; 2022. Driven shaft; 2023. Transmission assembly; 2231. Connecting sleeve; 2232. Transmission sleeve 1. Cylinder; 2233. Support spring; 1121. Base plate; 1122. Support plate; 1123. Fixing plate; 1124. Elastic support component; 1125. Damping component; 2401. Support rod; 2402. Compression spring; 2403. Baffle; 2501. Hydraulic cylinder; 2502. Hydraulic rod; 2503. Piston; 2504. Adjustable flow channel; 131. Triggering part; 132. Adjusting part; 1321. Sealing plate; 1322. Adjusting groove; 1323. Connecting shaft; 1324. Rotating disk; 1325. Collar; 1326. Inner rotating disk; 1311. Rotating rod; 1312. Fixing disk; 1313. Torsion spring; 1314. Conversion group; 3141. Column; 3142. Wedge block. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] This invention provides a spiral extrusion dewatering device for kitchen waste. Through pressure adaptive adjustment and self-cleaning design, it significantly improves the dewatering efficiency, equipment stability and long-term operating economy of kitchen solid waste. It can also solve the problems of low operating efficiency, easy overload and blockage and insufficient stability of spiral extrusion dewatering devices in kitchen solid waste treatment due to their lack of adaptive adjustment ability to the complex and ever-changing characteristics of kitchen waste.

[0024] Please refer to this as well. Figures 1 to 11The present invention provides a kitchen waste spiral extrusion dewatering device, which mainly consists of an outer shell 1 and a built-in extrusion dewatering mechanism 2. The dewatering mechanism 2 is connected to an independent drive mechanism 3, and through the rotational motion of the spiral mechanism, the material is continuously conveyed and axially extruded. During this process, the waste is forcibly dewatered, and the resulting dry residue is then pushed out, thereby completing the automated and continuous dewatering operation from feeding to discharging.

[0025] Specifically, please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 4 The device casing comprises two parts: a dewatering tank 101 and a slag discharge tank 102, which are fixedly connected to form an integrated structure. The dewatering tank 101 has a water outlet 4 at its bottom, while the slag discharge tank 102 has a slag discharge outlet 16 at its bottom. A connecting hole is provided in the partition between the two tanks. The dewatering mechanism 2 is installed entirely inside the dewatering tank 101, with its slag discharge end extending through the connecting hole into the slag discharge tank 102 to direct the discharge of dewatered solid residue.

[0026] The dewatering mechanism 2 is the core working component, consisting of a filter cartridge 201, a rotating shaft 202, and an auger 203 working together. The filter cartridge 201 is a cylindrical body with numerous filter holes circumferentially distributed. It is open at both ends and installed inside the dewatering tank 101, coaxially arranged along the length of the tank. The end furthest from the discharge box 102 is closed. A fixing sleeve 5 is fixedly installed on the outside of this closed end of the dewatering tank 101, through which the rotating shaft 202 passes and provides rotational support. The shaft extends axially into the filter cartridge 201, remaining coaxial with it. An auger 203, composed of continuous spiral blades, is mounted on the section of the rotating shaft 202 inside the filter cartridge 201. The axial spacing between the blades can be designed to gradually decrease along the material propulsion direction. When wet kitchen waste enters the filter cartridge 201, the rotating shaft 202 drives the auger 203 to rotate. While conveying the material, the gradually contracting spiral space applies continuously increasing pressure to the waste, achieving efficient dewatering. The squeezed-out water is discharged through the filter holes on the wall of the filter cylinder 201, while the dehydrated solid slag is discharged from the end opening of the filter cylinder 201 and then collected in the slag discharge box 102 through the slag outlet 16.

[0027] Furthermore, to address the issue of filters becoming gradually clogged due to residual fibers and other substances in the waste after long-term operation, this embodiment incorporates an automated cleaning system to simplify subsequent maintenance procedures. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the system has a directional spray pipe 6 installed inside the dehydration tank 101, with its nozzles directly facing the surface of the filter cartridge 201. When maintenance is required, the spray pipe 6 can be activated to powerfully flush the outer wall of the filter cartridge 201 with a high-pressure water jet, thereby removing residual impurities clogging the filter pores. To further improve the cleaning coverage and effect, and to avoid the limitation of the fixed spray pipe 6 only being able to clean local areas, this solution also makes the filter cartridge 201 a rotatable structure. During the cleaning process, the filter cartridge 201 can rotate slowly, so that the high-pressure water flow can act evenly on the entire surface of the cartridge, achieving comprehensive cleaning without dead angles, and significantly improving the cleaning efficiency and effect.

[0028] Specifically, to achieve reliable rotation and sealing of the filter cartridge 201, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, a rotating sleeve 7 is rotatably connected inside the fixed sleeve 5 via a bearing. One end of the rotating sleeve 7 extends into the dewatering tank 101 and is concentrically arranged with the fixed sleeve 5 and the central rotating shaft 202. A flange ring 8 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating sleeve 7 that extends into the tank. The closed end of the filter cartridge 201 is fitted and fixed to the outside of the flange ring 8, thus achieving both sealing at one end of the filter cartridge 201 and allowing the rotation of the rotating sleeve 7 to directly drive the entire filter cartridge 201 to rotate synchronously. Simultaneously, the central rotating shaft 202 is independently rotatably mounted inside the rotating sleeve 7 via a bearing, and the portion passing through the central hole of the flange ring 8 is dynamically sealed by a specialized sealing ring. This structure ensures that while the rotating shaft 202 rotates freely, it effectively prevents water leakage from the end of the filter cartridge 201, achieving a balance between rotational function and sealing requirements. The entire system is powered by a unified drive mechanism 3, which controls the movement of the rotating shaft 202 and the rotating sleeve 7 respectively.

[0029] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the drive mechanism 3 specifically comprises a drive housing 301, a drive motor 302, and a belt drive assembly 303. The drive housing 301 is fixed to the side of the dewatering tank 101 by a bracket, and the ends of the rotating sleeve 7 and the rotating shaft 202 extend into it. Two belt drive assemblies are installed inside the tank, with different transmission ratios between them, and are connected to the rotating sleeve 7 and the rotating shaft 202 respectively. The drive motor 302 is mounted outside the drive housing 301, and its output simultaneously drives the drive wheels of both sets of drives. Therefore, when the drive motor 302 starts, the two different transmission ratios allow the central rotating shaft 202 and the external rotating sleeve 7 to rotate at different speeds. This speed difference creates relative motion between the internal auger 203 and the filter cartridge 201, thereby achieving stable material conveying and progressive extrusion. When the equipment enters the cleaning mode, simply turn on the spray system and keep the filter cartridge 201 rotating slowly under the drive. The high-pressure water flow can efficiently and thoroughly flush the rotating filter cartridge 201 automatically, completing the maintenance work.

[0030] Considering that the filter cartridge 201 in this embodiment is designed as a rotatable component, the traditional method of relying on a fixed housing sidewall with an inlet 9 would be difficult to implement. Therefore, this solution redesigns the feeding path. Specifically, one end of the drive shaft 202 extends to the outside of the drive housing 301, and a fixed inlet 9 is connected to this end. An axial through-hole is formed inside the shaft 202, extending to the other end. A radial through-hole 10 communicating with the inner hole is formed on the outer circumferential wall of the middle section of the shaft 202. When the equipment performs dewatering, the kitchen waste slurry to be processed is fed into the fixed inlet 9, transported through the inner hole of the shaft 202, and finally enters the rotating filter cartridge 201 through the radial through-hole 10 at its end. This achieves reliable feeding under dynamic rotation conditions, creating conditions for subsequent screw conveying and extrusion dewatering processes.

[0031] To further optimize dehydration performance and enable the equipment to flexibly adapt to kitchen waste with different moisture contents, this embodiment adds a pressure regulating mechanism 11 to the slag outlet 16 of the filter cartridge 201. Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the core of this mechanism is a conical pressure plate 1101, which is mounted on the outside of the slag outlet 16 of the filter cartridge 201 via a connecting frame 1102. The end face of the pressure plate 1101 facing the filter cartridge 201 is intentionally designed to be conical, allowing it to form a variable annular gap with the annular end face of the filter cartridge 201 outlet. By adjusting the axial position of the pressure plate 1101 relative to the filter cartridge 201 outlet, the effective flow area of ​​the slag outlet 16 can be continuously and precisely changed. This adjustment directly determines the back pressure experienced by the material before discharge: a smaller gap increases the back pressure and strengthens the extrusion force, suitable for processing materials with high moisture content; a larger gap decreases the back pressure, helping to prevent blockage caused by overly dense materials. Thus, by manually or automatically adjusting the position of the pressure plate 1101, stepless control of the final pressure of the screw extrusion stage can be achieved, thereby obtaining a stable and ideal dewatering effect for different waste characteristics.

[0032] However, in existing technologies, although the dewatering pressure of the pressure plate 1101 can be changed by adjusting the distance between it and the outlet of the filter cartridge 201, its position is usually fixed once the adjustment is completed. The conventional method is to drive the pressure plate 1101 axially by rotating the screw 12, thereby setting and locking the gap between the pressure plate 1101 and the end face of the filter cartridge 201, thus fixing the size of the discharge port and the system working pressure. This static setting method still has significant limitations when dealing with kitchen waste with complex composition and significant fluctuations in moisture content: when a smaller discharge port 16 is pre-set to handle high-moisture materials, if dry waste with lower moisture content subsequently enters, the material discharge resistance will increase abnormally due to the relatively excessive or insufficient outlet flow capacity. This will trigger a chain reaction, causing a sharp increase in the driving torque required by the auger 203, which may ultimately cause overload of the drive motor 302, equipment stalling, or even damage, seriously affecting the continuity and reliability of the dewatering operation.

[0033] To address the adaptability issues in the aforementioned static adjustment mode, this embodiment incorporates significant improvements to the structure of the drive shaft 202. Specifically, as follows: Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5As shown, the rotating shaft 202 is designed as a split structure, mainly consisting of two sections: the drive shaft 2021 and the driven shaft 2022. These two sections are connected by a dedicated transmission assembly 2023. This transmission assembly 2023 not only performs power transmission but, more importantly, integrates a dual mechanism of overload protection and adaptive pressure regulation. When the torque in the screw extrusion chamber exceeds the safety threshold due to material changes, the transmission assembly 2023 automatically cuts off the power transmission from the drive shaft 2021 to the driven shaft 2022, thus protecting the motor and upstream transmission system from overload damage. Simultaneously, its built-in response mechanism dynamically adjusts the transmission state based on real-time torque feedback, indirectly affecting the pressure level during the extrusion process. This allows the system to automatically maintain a highly efficient and safe pressure range under different waste characteristics, fundamentally avoiding the overload risk caused by fixed pressure and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the dewatering process.

[0034] Specifically, one end of the drive shaft 2021 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the drive housing 301 via a bearing, while the driven shaft 2022 is independently rotatably mounted in the internal rotating sleeve 7, and is fixedly connected to the auger 203 that performs the conveying and extrusion function. Power transmission between the two is achieved by a transmission assembly 2023. The core of this assembly includes a connecting sleeve 2231, a pair of transmission sleeves 2232 with wedge-shaped inclined surfaces, and a support spring 2233. The drive shaft 2021 and the driven shaft 2022 maintain a certain axial distance, and both ends of the connecting sleeve 2231 are inserted into the inner holes of these two shafts respectively. The connecting sleeve 2231 and the inner hole of the driven shaft 2022 are fitted with a spline structure to ensure complete circumferential locking, allowing only axial sliding of the sleeve along the driven shaft 2022; while the end that mates with the inner hole of the drive shaft 2021 has a smooth wall surface, allowing the sleeve to slide and rotate freely relative to it. The connecting sleeve 2231 extends into the drive shaft 2021 with an open end to facilitate receiving feed; the other end is closed and extends into the driven shaft 2022, and a radial through hole 10 is opened on the tube wall near the end, thereby forming a continuous material channel inside from the open end of the drive shaft 2021 to the radial through hole 10 of the driven shaft 2022, so that the waste can be directly transported into the rotating filter cartridge 201 through this channel.

[0035] Two transmission sleeves 2232 are arranged with their end faces facing each other: one is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the drive shaft 2021, and the other is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the section of the connecting sleeve 2231 located between the two shafts. Both of them have annular arrays of wedge-shaped inclined blocks machined on their facing end faces, and are kept in close contact by the axial preload applied by the support spring 2233, thus forming a torque transmission mechanism based on inclined engagement.

[0036] Based on the above structure, under normal operating conditions, the drive motor 302 drives the drive shaft 2021 to rotate, transmitting torque through the interlocking inclined blocks to overcome the spring preload, thereby driving the connecting sleeve 2231 to rotate synchronously. The connecting sleeve 2231 then drives the driven shaft 2022 and the auger 203 to rotate via the spline, achieving stable material conveying and dewatering. The material is continuously supplied through the aforementioned internal channels. When the system encounters abnormal operating conditions, such as a sudden increase in internal extrusion pressure due to the entry of low-moisture waste or an excessively small slag outlet 16, causing the torque required for transmission to exceed the preset safety threshold, abnormal resistance will be reflected in the transmission pair. At this time, when the transmission sleeve 2232 on the drive shaft 2021 side attempts to push the driven sleeve to rotate, the resulting axial force will overcome the preload of the support spring 2233, forcing the connecting sleeve 2231 and its transmission sleeve 2232 to slide axially along the spline towards the slag outlet 16 (i.e., the direction of the compression spring 2402). This slippage causes the wedge-shaped inclined surfaces of the two transmission sleeves 2232 to disengage from tight engagement, resulting in slippage and thus actively cutting off the torque transmission from the drive shaft 2021 to the driven shaft 2022. The interruption of power transmission causes the auger 203 to stop rotating, and the material conveying and extrusion process is immediately suspended, thereby effectively relieving the overload of the drive motor 302, protecting the entire transmission system from damage, and realizing mechanical intelligent overload protection.

[0037] Although the aforementioned transmission structure effectively provides overload protection by cutting off power through slippage when the torque exceeds the limit, this also directly leads to the interruption of the dehydration process, requiring manual intervention to readjust the position of the pressure plate 1101, indicating insufficient automation. To solve this problem, this embodiment comprehensively upgrades the installation and adjustment mechanism of the pressure plate 1101. Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 As shown, firstly, the connecting frame 1102 for installing the pressure plate 1101 is threadedly connected to the box plate of the slag discharge box 102 through a set of screws 12. By rotating these screws 12, the overall position of the connecting frame 1102 can be finely adjusted, thereby driving the pressure plate 1101 to move axially, changing the gap between it and the slag outlet 16 of the filter cartridge 201, and completing the basic pressure setting.

[0038] More importantly, to enable the pressure plate 1101 to automatically respond to pressure changes during operation, this design incorporates a flexible support structure with adjustable rigidity for the connecting frame 1102. The connecting frame 1102 mainly consists of a base plate 1121, a support plate 1122, a fixing plate 1123, an elastic support member 1124, and a damping member 1125. The base plate 1121 is threadedly connected to the housing plate via multiple screws 12. Rotating the screws 12 drives the base plate 1121 and the entire connecting frame 1102 to move axially, achieving coarse adjustment of the initial position of the pressure plate 1101. Simultaneously, the base plate 1121 is guided by multiple guide rods to ensure smooth and precise movement.

[0039] A fixed plate 1123 is connected to the base plate 1121 via a support plate 1122 and maintains a certain distance. The pressure plate 1101 is located between the fixed plate 1123 and the slag outlet 16 of the filter cartridge 201. The pressure plate 1101 is not rigidly fixed, but is flexibly connected to the fixed plate 1123 via an elastic support member 1124 (such as a set of springs), giving it a certain axial floating capability. In addition, a set of adjustable hydraulic damping member 1125 is also connected in parallel between the pressure plate 1101 and the base plate 1121. This combination allows the pressure plate 1101 to buffer fluctuations through the elastic element and dynamically control its response "softness and hardness" by adjusting the resistance of the damper when subjected to material pressure, thereby automatically maintaining a stable extrusion pressure during continuous operation and achieving a key leap from fixed limit to adaptive adjustment.

[0040] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the elastic support 1124 is specifically configured as follows: at least one support rod 2401 is vertically fixedly installed on the side of the pressure plate 1101 facing the fixed plate 1123. The movable end of the support rod 2401 passes through a pre-set hole on the fixed plate 1123, extends to the other side of the fixed plate 1123, and a baffle 2403 is fixed at the end to prevent it from coming out of the hole. A compression spring 2402 is sleeved on the outside of the support rod 2401 and pre-compressed between the pressure plate 1101 and the fixed plate 1123, thereby providing a continuous and resilient support force for the pressure plate 1101. Based on this structure, when the material pressure at the slag outlet 16 of the filter cartridge 201 increases, the pressure plate 1101 can overcome the spring force and move towards the fixed plate 1123, thereby passively expanding the slag outlet gap, releasing the excessive extrusion pressure in time, and achieving initial adaptive buffering of pressure.

[0041] The damping adjustment mechanism further enables precise control of resistance. For example... Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 as well as Figure 9As shown, the mechanism mainly includes a hydraulic cylinder 2501, a hydraulic rod 2502, a piston 2503, and an adjustable flow channel 2504. One end of the hydraulic cylinder 2501 is fixed to the base plate 1121, and its cylinder body extends through the fixing plate 1123 to the rear of the pressure plate 1101. A piston 2503 is installed inside the cylinder. The side of the piston 2503 facing the pressure plate 1101 is connected to the hydraulic rod 2502. The other end of the hydraulic rod 2502 passes through the front end of the hydraulic cylinder 2501 and is fixedly connected to the center of the pressure plate 1101. A sliding seal is provided at the protrusion point to ensure hydraulic sealing. The key feature is that the piston 2503 has a flow channel running through both ends along its axial direction. This flow channel constitutes the only passage for hydraulic oil to flow between the two chambers on both sides of the piston 2503. When the pressure plate 1101 is pressed and moves, it will drive the hydraulic rod 2502 and the piston 2503 to move in the cylinder filled with hydraulic oil. At this time, the oil must be exchanged through this flow channel. By adjusting the effective flow cross-section of this flow channel, the hydraulic damping force of the piston 2503 can be directly changed: the smaller the flow channel cross-section, the greater the oil flow resistance, and the more difficult it is for the piston 2503 (and pressure plate 1101) to move. The system exhibits "hard" support, maintaining a high extrusion pressure. Conversely, when the flow channel is widened, the damping decreases, the pressure plate 1101 moves more easily, the system exhibits "soft" support, and the extrusion pressure decreases accordingly. Thus, dynamic and automatic adjustment of the extrusion pressure is achieved.

[0042] In this embodiment, the adjustment of the internal flow channel of piston 2503 is not an independent operation, but is achieved through a control component 13 linked with the connecting sleeve 2231 in the aforementioned transmission system. Under normal dehydration conditions, the control component 13 keeps the flow channel closed, preventing piston 2503 from moving within hydraulic cylinder 2501, thus locking pressure plate 1101 in a rigid support state. At this time, the distance between pressure plate 1101 and the outlet of filter cartridge 201 is adjusted and fixed by screw 12, and the system operates with a preset extrusion force. When waste with significantly different moisture content enters filter cartridge 201, causing an abnormal increase in internal pressure and the transmission torque approaching the motor's upper limit, the two wedge-shaped sleeves of transmission component 2023 will slip. This slippage forces the connecting sleeve 2231 to undergo an axial displacement, which synchronously triggers the control component 13, opening the flow channel within piston 2503 to a preset initial opening degree. The opening of the flow channel allows hydraulic oil to pass through, reducing the resistance to piston 2503's movement. The pressure plate 1101 then transitions to a "soft" state, allowing it to be pushed by the material. This automatically moves backward and widens the discharge gap when the outlet pressure is too high, releasing excessive pressure promptly. After one slippage trigger is completed, the transmission sleeve 2232 will re-wedge under the action of the support spring 2233. If the internal pressure has returned to the normal range at this time, the transmission resumes, the dewatering operation continues, and the hardness of the pressure plate 1101 automatically adapts to the current material characteristics. If the pressure still has not dropped to a safe range, the transmission component 2023 will slip again, and the second displacement of the connecting sleeve 2231 will trigger the control component 13 to further increase the flow channel opening. This step-by-step adjustment continues until the system finds a balanced hardness that matches the characteristics of the waste, achieving fully automatic, continuous, and adaptive dewatering operation.

[0043] Specifically, the control component 13 is composed of a trigger unit 131 and an adjustment unit 132 working together. For example... Figures 7 to 10As shown, the core of the adjusting part 132 is a rotatable sealing plate 1321 located on the end face of the piston 2503. The sealing plate 1321 has an arc-shaped adjusting groove 1322, and the piston 2503 body has a corresponding arc-shaped flow channel. Under normal conditions, the adjusting groove 1322 on the sealing plate 1321 is completely misaligned with the flow channel, thus sealing the flow channel. The sealing plate 1321 is concentrically rotatably connected to the piston 2503 via a connecting shaft 1323, and the contact surfaces of the two have a certain degree of frictional tightness. The other end of the connecting shaft 1323 extends into the cavity inside the piston 2503 and fixes a rotating disk 1324. The rotating disk 1324 is rotatably mounted inside the cavity, and the rotating disk 1324 is unidirectionally coupled to an inner rotating disk 1326 via a collar 1325 (using a unidirectional tooth structure similar to a ratchet), so that the inner rotating disk 1326 can only drive the collar 1325 and the rotating disk 1324 to rotate in one direction. The trigger unit 131 is responsible for detecting the axial displacement of the connecting sleeve 2231 and driving the inner turntable 1326 to rotate a certain angle during this action. When the inner turntable 1326 is driven, it drives the rotating disk 1324 and the connecting shaft 1323 through the one-way mechanism, causing the sealing plate 1321 to rotate, so that the adjusting groove 1322 on it gradually coincides with the flow channel of the piston 2503, thereby gradually expanding the flow cross section. Due to the friction design of the one-way mechanism and the contact surface, this adjustment is a single-pass progressive type, that is, once the flow channel opening increases, it will not automatically reset, ensuring the maintenance and accumulation of the system pressure regulation state until manual intervention resets it. The whole process realizes a purely mechanical closed-loop feedback from torque sensing to automatic setting of damping parameters.

[0044] like Figures 6 to 10 As shown, the specific structure of the trigger unit 131 is as follows: A through mounting hole 14 is opened in the center of the pressure plate 1101. One end of the hydraulic rod 2502 extends out of the hydraulic cylinder 2501 into the hole and is rigidly connected to the pressure plate 1101 through an end plate 15 fixed to the hole wall. A rotating rod 1311 coaxially passes through the interior of the hydraulic rod 2502. One end of the rod extends into the cavity of the piston 2503 and is fixed to the inner turntable 1326, while the other end extends out of the hydraulic rod 2502 and is dynamically sealed during rotation through a seal. A fixed plate 1312 is fixed to the exposed end. A torsion spring 1313 is provided between the fixed plate 1312 and the end plate 15, giving it a tendency to rotate but subjecting it to elastic constraint. The side of the fixed plate 1312 facing the filter cartridge 201 is mechanically linked to the movable end of the connecting sleeve 2231 through a set of conversion assembly 1314, thereby transmitting the state change of the transmission system to the adjustment mechanism.

[0045] like Figures 6 to 11As shown, the core function of the conversion group 1314 is to precisely convert the axial displacement of the connecting sleeve 2231 into the unidirectional angular rotation of the fixed disk 1312. This group mainly includes two fixed columns 3141: one shorter column is fixed to the fixed disk 1312, and the other longer column is fixed to the corresponding end of the connecting sleeve 2231. A circular array of wedge-shaped blocks 3142 is machined on the facing end faces of both columns. When the connecting sleeve 2231 undergoes axial lateral movement due to transmission slippage, it pushes the longer column towards the shorter column. Through the interaction of the inclined surfaces of the wedge-shaped blocks 3142, the linear motion is converted into rotational motion, driving the fixed disk 1312 to overcome the resistance of the torsion spring 1313 and rotate by a set angle. The rotation of the fixed disk 1312 drives the rotating rod 1311 and the inner turntable 1326 to rotate synchronously, thereby causing the sealing plate 1321 to rotate through the unidirectional mechanism, opening the flow channel. When the transmission re-engages and the connecting sleeve 2231 resets, the wedge between the two columns disengages, and the fixed disc 1312 rotates in the opposite direction under the action of the torsion spring 1313. However, due to the action of the one-way mechanism, this reverse rotation is not transmitted to the sealing plate 1321, so the flow channel remains at its open degree. In this way, a progressive one-way adjustment is achieved, where each overload slippage triggers only a quantitative increase in the flow channel opening, ensuring the step-like nature and stability of the pressure adaptive process.

[0046] To achieve system initialization reset or resetting after maintenance, this embodiment additionally designs a reset mechanism to rotate the sealing plate 1321 back to its initial position when necessary, completely closing the flow channel again. Specifically, a conversion mechanism (its principle is similar to the wedge block inclined surface engagement in the aforementioned trigger part 131) is also provided between the sealing plate 1321 of the piston 2503 and the inner wall of the closed end of the hydraulic cylinder 2501. However, the wedge block 3142 connected to the inner end wall of the hydraulic cylinder 2501 is fixed. When the operator manually or under specific conditions pushes the pressure plate 1101, causing the piston 2503 to move to the extreme bottom position within the hydraulic cylinder 2501, the two parts of this conversion mechanism will come into contact with each other. Through the inclined surface engagement, the linear displacement of the piston 2503 is converted into the reverse rotational torque of the sealing plate 1321, thereby driving the sealing plate 1321 to rotate until the adjusting groove 1322 on it is completely misaligned with the flow channel of the piston 2503 body, restoring the completely closed state of the flow passage section.

[0047] A key feature of this setup is that the reset action is only triggered when the piston 2503 is at its "full stop." This means that even without manual intervention, during continuous operation, once the material pressure at the outlet 16 of the filter cartridge 201 increases sufficiently to push the pressure plate 1101 to its maximum stroke (i.e., when the piston 2503 reaches the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 2501), this mechanical logic is automatically executed. At this point, the system status indicates that the elastic support of the pressure plate 1101 is at its "softest" limit, typically meaning that the preset extrusion pressure may be insufficient to effectively dewater the current material. The reset action then occurs automatically: the sealing plate 1321 rotates to close the flow channel, and the elastic support of the pressure plate 1101 instantly returns to its "hardest" state. Afterward, the system restarts operation using the aforementioned step-by-step adaptive adjustment logic, gradually and unidirectionally increasing the flow channel opening through transmission slippage based on real-time pressure feedback, thereby automatically finding a new equilibrium point that matches the current waste characteristics. This mechanism enables the equipment to periodically "reset" and "re-adapt" during fully automated operation, further enhancing its long-term operational robustness in the face of complex and variable materials.

[0048] In this embodiment, during operation: kitchen waste enters the inner channel of the rotating shaft 202 through the fixed feed port 9, and is fed into the high-speed rotating filter cylinder 201 through the radial hole in the middle section of the rotating shaft 202. At this time, the drive motor 302 drives the central rotating shaft 202 and the outer filter cylinder 201 respectively through the belt drive group 303 to generate a speed difference, so that the spiral auger 203 installed on the rotating shaft 202 and the filter cylinder 201 form relative motion. During the process of pushing the material forward, a continuously increasing extrusion force is applied to the material, forcing water to be discharged from the densely distributed filter holes around the filter cylinder 201, and the dewatered solid residue is pushed towards the slag outlet; the core is that a conical pressure plate 1101 is provided at the slag outlet 16, and the pressure plate 1101 achieves floating support through a composite mechanism that integrates elastic support and hydraulic damping. Under normal conditions, the flow channel inside the piston 2503 is completely sealed by the rotatable sealing plate 1321, resulting in extremely high hydraulic damping and keeping the pressure plate 1101 in a "rigid" state, maintaining the preset extrusion pressure. When the moisture content of the waste entering the filter cartridge 201 changes abruptly (e.g., a sudden drop in moisture content), causing an abnormal increase in internal extrusion pressure and exceeding the safety threshold of the transmission system torque, the wedge drive sleeve 2232 connecting the drive shaft 2021 and the driven shaft 2022 will slip. This slippage forces the connecting sleeve 2231 to produce axial displacement, which, through the wedge inclined surface combination of the trigger part 131, converts the linear displacement into the rotational motion of the fixed plate 1312. The rotation of the fixed plate 1312 is transmitted through the rotating rod 1311, driving the sealing plate 1321 inside the piston 2503 to rotate by a certain angle, so that the adjusting groove 1322 on it coincides with the flow channel of the piston 2503, thereby opening and expanding the flow cross-section of the flow channel.

[0049] The opening of the flow channel directly reduces the resistance of the hydraulic damper, causing the pressure plate 1101 to switch to a "soft" support state. At this time, excessively high outlet pressure will push the pressure plate 1101 backward, automatically widening the slag discharge gap, releasing pressure in time, and avoiding motor overload. Once the internal pressure returns to the normal range, the transmission wedge re-engages under the action of the support spring 2233, the dewatering process continues, and the system has automatically adapted to the new working conditions. If the pressure is still not relieved, this process will be repeated until a new balance point is found by gradually increasing the flow channel opening. In addition, when the pressure plate 1101 is continuously pushed to the bottom limit position of the hydraulic cylinder 2501 under high pressure, the built-in reset mechanism will be triggered, causing the sealing plate 1321 to rotate back to the closed flow channel state, resetting the system to the initial high-pressure mode, and realizing the periodic self-calibration. During the maintenance phase, the independent spray system is activated, and the filter cartridge 201 rotates slowly under drive, cooperating with the high-pressure water jet to achieve automatic cleaning of the surface of the filter cartridge 201 without dead angles, effectively solving the problem of filter hole clogging.

[0050] It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0051] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A kitchen garbage spiral extrusion dewatering device, comprising an outer shell (1) and an extrusion dewatering mechanism (2) arranged inside the outer shell (1); the outer shell (1) comprises a dewatering tank (101) and a residue discharge tank (102), the bottom of the dewatering tank (101) is provided with a water outlet (4), the bottom of the residue discharge tank (102) is provided with a residue outlet (16), and the two tank bodies are connected through a communication hole on a partition plate; The extrusion dehydration mechanism (2) comprises a filter cylinder (201), a rotating shaft (202) and a spiral auger (203), the filter cylinder (201) is installed in the dehydration tank (101) and is densely provided with filter holes in the circumference; the rotating shaft (202) is rotatably arranged in the filter cylinder (201) and coaxial with the filter cylinder (201), and the spiral auger (203) is arranged on the rotating shaft (202); characterized in that: It also includes a pressure regulating mechanism (11) arranged at the residue outlet (16) of the filter cylinder (201); The pressure regulating mechanism (11) can automatically sense the state when the transmission torque exceeds the preset safety threshold due to excessive material resistance of the spiral shaft, and instantaneously increase the opening degree of the residue outlet (16) to reduce the back pressure, thereby avoiding equipment stall as an overload protection mechanism.

2. The kitchen garbage spiral extruding dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure regulating mechanism (11) comprises a pressure plate (1101), an elastic support (1124) and a damping member (1125); the pressure plate (1101) is installed outside the residue outlet (16) of the filter cylinder (201) through a connecting frame (1102), and the end face thereof facing the filter cylinder (201) is conical; The elastic support (1124) elastically abuts the pressure plate (1101) against the residue outlet (16); the damping member (1125) is connected to the pressure plate (1101), and the damping force thereof is adjustable to control the resistance of the pressure plate (1101) when moving under the material pressure.

3. The kitchen garbage spiral extruding dewatering device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The damping member (1125) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (2501), a piston (2503) and an adjustable flow channel (2504); the piston (2503) is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder (2501) and divides the hydraulic cylinder (2501) into two cavities, and is connected to the pressure plate (1101) through a hydraulic rod (2502); the adjustable flow channel (2504) is formed on the piston (2503) and used to communicate the two cavities of the hydraulic cylinder (2501); the damping force of the pressure plate (1101) is adjusted by changing the flow section size of the adjustable flow channel (2504).

4. The kitchen garbage spiral extruding dewatering device according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a control assembly (13) for automatically adjusting the opening degree of the adjustable flow channel (2504) according to the extrusion torque; the control assembly (13) comprises an adjusting part (132) and a triggering part (131); the adjusting part (132) is used to change the flow channel opening degree, and the core thereof is a sealing plate (1321) rotatably arranged on the end face of the piston (2503), and the sealing plate (1321) is provided with an adjusting groove (1322); the triggering part (131) is used to convert the overload signal of the dewatering mechanism (2) into the rotating action of the sealing plate (1321).

5. The kitchen garbage spiral extruding dewatering device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (202) comprises a driving shaft (2021) and a driven shaft (2022), which are connected through a set of transmission components (2023); the transmission components (2023) comprise a connecting sleeve (2231), a pair of transmission sleeves (2232) with wedge-shaped slopes and supporting springs (2233); the connecting sleeve (2231) is connected with the driven shaft (2022) through splines and can axially slide, and the torque is transmitted between the connecting sleeve (2231) and the driving shaft (2021) through the slopes of the transmission sleeves (2232); when the extrusion torque exceeds a set threshold, the slopes slip, and the connecting sleeve (2231) produces axial displacement.

6. The kitchen garbage spiral extruding dewatering device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The trigger part (131) comprises a conversion group (1314) and a rotating rod (1311) arranged inside the hydraulic rod (2502), and is used for converting the axial displacement of the connecting sleeve (2231) into the rotary motion of the sealing plate (1321); the conversion group (1314) comprises two wedge blocks with slopes fixed on the connecting sleeve (2231) and the rotating rod (1311) respectively, and converts the linear motion into the rotary motion through the slope effect, drives the sealing plate (1321) to rotate, and opens the flow channel.

7. The kitchen garbage spiral extruding dewatering device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adjusting part (132) further comprises a one-way transmission mechanism, which ensures that the rotation adjustment direction of the sealing plate (1321) is unique, and realizes the one-way progressive adjustment of the flow channel opening degree; that is, when the connecting sleeve (2231) produces an axial displacement due to the slip of the transmission components (2023) caused by overload, the flow channel opening degree is quantitatively increased by one level, and the opening degree increase is irreversible.

8. The kitchen garbage spiral extruding dewatering device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The damping part (1125) is further provided with a reset mechanism; when the pressing plate (1101) is pushed to the bottom limit position of the hydraulic cylinder (2501), the reset mechanism acts, drives the sealing plate (1321) to rotate to the position of closing the flow channel, and resets the system pressure adjustment state.

9. The kitchen garbage spiral extruding dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter cylinder (201) is arranged to be rotatable about its axis; the dewatering tank (101) is provided with a spraying pipe (6) facing the filter cylinder (201); when the equipment enters the cleaning mode, the spraying pipe (6) sprays high-pressure water flow, and at the same time, the filter cylinder (201) slowly rotates, realizing the overall automatic cleaning of the surface of the filter cylinder (201).

10. The kitchen garbage spiral extruding dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (202) is provided with a through hole extending in the axial direction inside the rotating shaft (202), the through hole extends to the section of the rotating shaft (202) located in the filter cylinder (201), and a radial through hole (10) is formed in the outer wall of the rotating shaft (202) at the section; the material enters the inner hole of the rotating shaft (202) through the fixed feeding port (9), is sent into the inside of the rotating filter cylinder (201) through the radial through hole (10), and realizes dynamic feeding.

Images