Electric tire and electric heavy truck

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tire manufacturing, and discloses an electric tire and an electric heavy truck. Tire shoulders are arranged on the two sides of the tire crown, seam allowances are formed in the sides, away from the tire crown, of the tire shoulders, reference axes parallel to the horizontal plane are arranged at the highest points, protruding outwards, of the tire shoulders, the electric tire rotates on the horizontal plane, and the distance between the reference axes and the ion openings is larger than the distance between the reference axes and the tire crown; the problems that in the prior art, tires on electric heavy trucks are short in service life and cannot be used for a long time are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tire manufacturing technology, and more particularly to an electric tire and an electric heavy truck. Background Technology

[0002] With the ongoing global energy transition, the new energy vehicle industry is developing rapidly. Among them, electric heavy trucks are experiencing explosive growth due to their advantages of zero emissions, low noise, and low operating costs. This transformation is not only reflected in the replacement of power sources, but also in the fundamental reshaping of the wheel-end dynamics of the entire vehicle, posing unprecedentedly stringent challenges to tire performance.

[0003] Traditional mechanical transmission heavy trucks have relatively fixed weight distribution and torque transmission modes. However, in electric heavy trucks, in order to accommodate large-capacity battery packs, the arrangement often results in a large amount of mass being concentrated under the cab or in the rear area of ​​the front of the truck. This layout, which significantly increases the front axle load, directly increases the static ground pressure and sinking rate of the front axle tires.

[0004] Direct drive by the electric motor brings high peak torque. When the vehicle starts, accelerates, or climbs, the huge driving torque is concentrated on the tire contact surface, which can easily exceed the road adhesion limit and cause traction slippage. This slippage not only loses power, but also generates severe shear friction between the tire tread and the road surface, resulting in abnormally severe local wear of the tire crown.

[0005] When a tire starts at high speed, its rotational speed increases rapidly. All parts of the tire body, especially the tread, are subjected to high-frequency periodic deformation stress. Due to the limitations of traditional tire structures in dealing with this complex working condition, the central area of ​​the tread often undergoes excessive deformation due to the greatest ground pressure, while the sides of the tread may not achieve the same level of effective contact due to insufficient structural support or ground contact. This significant difference between ground pressure and contact state directly translates into an uneven distribution of tread friction. Excessive friction in the central area of ​​the tread leads to abnormal wear or even "flattening," while insufficient friction on the sides of the tread may be accompanied by uneven wear or irregular wear of the tread blocks. The dual load modes of "front axle heavy load" and "instantaneous high torque" unique to electric heavy-duty trucks shorten the tire's service life and reduce the overall vehicle's operating economy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electric tire and an electric heavy truck, which solves the problem that the tires on electric heavy trucks have a short lifespan and cannot be used for a long time under the existing technology.

[0007] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides an electric tire, including a tire crown, tire shoulders on both sides of the tire crown, a bead on the side of the tire shoulder away from the tire crown, and a reference axis parallel to the horizontal plane is set at the highest point of the outward bulge of the tire shoulder. The electric tire rotates on the horizontal plane, and the distance between the reference axis and the bead is greater than the distance between the reference axis and the tire crown.

[0008] Preferably, on the surface of the tire crown, the tread pattern saturation in the central axis region of the tire crown is greater than the tread pattern saturation in the region of the tire crown near the shoulder.

[0009] Preferably, if the electric tire is 12R22.5, the tread width of the electric tire is less than 240mm.

[0010] Preferably, the outer diameter of the electric tire after inflation is close to or the same as the critical value, and the outer diameter of the electric tire is between 1109 mm and 1111 mm.

[0011] Preferably, under short-to-medium distance operating conditions, the tread saturation of the electric tire is greater than 73%.

[0012] Preferably, a nylon fabric layer is provided inside the tire shoulder near the bead region, and the nylon fabric layer is close to the outer side of the electric tire.

[0013] Preferably, the nylon fabric layer is provided in two layers and is parallel to each other.

[0014] Preferably, the tread pattern of the electric tire is a mixed tread pattern or a mineral tread pattern.

[0015] Preferably, in mountainous conditions, the tread saturation of the electric tire is greater than 75%.

[0016] An electric heavy-duty truck includes the aforementioned electric tires, which are mounted on the electric heavy-duty truck.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The distance from the reference axis in the middle section of the tire shoulder to the bead is greater than the distance from the reference axis to the tire crown. Through the above structural improvements, the tire can reduce its own deformation after inflation, allowing the center and sides of the tire crown to be in closer contact with the ground. The force values ​​generated by the center and sides of the tire crown being in close contact with the ground are similar. During the tire's accelerated rotation, the center and edge of the tire crown can maintain consistent deformation, reducing the degree of deformation of the tire body contour during driving, thereby reducing wear at the edge of the tire crown, and ultimately extending the service life of electric tires. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1This is a partial cross-sectional view of the electric tire of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of the cross-section of the sub-port of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Tire crown; 2. Tire shoulder; 3. Bead; 4. Base shaft; 5. Nylon overlay. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0021] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0024] In electric heavy-duty trucks, the placement of the battery in the front cab results in a greater weight at the front end, leading to a higher tire sinking rate. During startup, the high wheel torque increases the likelihood of slippage, further increasing tire torque and causing significant tread wear. The high tire speed during startup also increases tire deformation frequency, with greater deformation in the center of the tire crown when in contact with the ground. Due to insufficient strength of the tire crown surface and inadequate contact between the crown edges and the ground, a significant difference in friction occurs between the sides and the center of the crown. The sides experience less friction than the center, resulting in wear on the sides while the center experiences abnormal wear, shortening tire lifespan.

[0025] Example 1 To solve the above problems, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the present invention provides an electric tire, including a tread 1, which is disposed on the circumference of the electric tire and directly contacts the ground. Tire shoulders 2 are provided on both sides of the tread 1, and a bead 3 is provided on the side of the tire shoulder 2 away from the tread 1. The bead 3 directly contacts the wheel hub. A reference axis 4 parallel to the horizontal plane is set at the highest point of the outward bulge of the tire shoulder 2. The electric tire rotates on the horizontal plane. The distance between the reference axis 4 and the bead 3 is greater than the distance between the reference axis 4 and the tread 1. The electric tire is installed on the lower side of the front of the electric heavy truck, and the motor directly drives the electric tire to rotate.

[0026] During the contact process between the electric tire and the ground, the tire crown 1 is the primary point of contact. During startup, the peak torque output is high, causing significant deformation in the center of the tire crown 1 that contacts the ground. To ensure the edge of the tire crown 1 contacts the ground, the reference axle 4 is positioned closer to the tire crown 1. The pressure from the air inside the tire concentrates on the tire shoulder 2 at the reference axle 4, causing the shoulder 2 to bulge outwards. This, in turn, causes the nearby tire crown 1 to expand outwards as well, bringing the tire crown 1 closer to the sides. The shoulder 2 portion can press against the road surface, reducing the pressure difference between the center and edge of the tread 1 and the ground. This makes the pressure difference between the center and edge of the tread 1 on the road surface smaller. During the start-up process of the electric heavy truck, it can make the deformation of the center and edge of the tread 1 similar, unifying the overall deformation of the tire. This allows the part of the electric tire in contact with the ground to deform synchronously, avoiding tearing due to inconsistent deformation at the junction of the center and edge of the tread 1, reducing tire wear, and further extending the service life of the electric tire.

[0027] In this invention, the vertical distance between the tire crown 1 and the reference axis 4 is H1, and the distance between the reference axis 4 and the ferrule 3 is H2. To reduce the wear of the electric tire, H1 is usually greater than H2. This makes the side of the electric tire closer to the horizontal plane flatter. From the cross-section, the side of the tire closer to the tire crown 1 is compressed flatter by gravity, so that the entire area of ​​the tire crown 1 can be in contact with the ground. On the one hand, it can increase the friction to prevent the tire from moving, and on the other hand, it can increase the force on the inner belt layer of the tire crown 1, improve the rigidity of the tire crown 1, and thus make the surface wear of the tire crown 1 uniform. The force at the contact point between the tire crown 1 and the ground is uniform, reducing the problem of excessive wear at the edge of the tire crown 1.

[0028] In this invention, the tread saturation of the central axis region of the tread crown 1 is set to be higher than that of the region near the shoulder 2, forming a non-uniform tread pattern layout that gradually transitions from the center of the tread crown 1 to the two side edges. This design directly addresses the special working conditions caused by the high torque of the motor directly acting on the drive wheel when the electric heavy truck starts and accelerates. When the vehicle accelerates rapidly or starts under heavy load, the huge driving torque will be preferentially transmitted to the ground through the center of the tread crown 1, causing this area to bear extremely large circumferential shear stress. Designing the central axis region of the tread crown 1 to have high saturation (large tread blocks, few grooves) essentially greatly enhances the longitudinal and lateral rigidity of this core stress area. Larger continuous rubber blocks can more effectively resist the torsional deformation caused by high torque, suppress abnormal creep and excessive wear of the tread blocks, thereby extending the service life of the electric tire.

[0029] Meanwhile, the area of ​​the tread 1 near the shoulder 2 uses a relatively low saturation. The grooves provide drainage channels, ensuring safety on wet and slippery roads. The more flexible tread blocks help this area adapt to complex road surfaces and improve comfort. When the shoulder 2 supports outward under air pressure, causing the edge of the tread 1 to make more contact with the ground, the relatively flexible low-saturation tread pattern in the shoulder 2 area can better conform to the road surface, achieving a smooth transition of the electric tire's grip.

[0030] This tread gradient, which is highly rigid at the center and gradually becomes more flexible at the edges, combined with the deformation of the tire structure, makes the ground pressure at various locations on the tire body more similar. The wear process of the tire crown 1 surface from the center to the edge is more synchronized, effectively avoiding the "heart-wearing" phenomenon caused by premature wear in the center of traditional tires, or the uneven wear problem caused by insufficient grip at the edges, thus achieving a significant improvement in wear uniformity and tread life.

[0031] During tire manufacturing, if the electric tire specification is 12R22.5, and the tread width is less than 240mm, rolling resistance and wear can be reduced, avoiding higher fuel consumption. After inflation, the outer diameter of the electric tire is close to or the same as the critical value. The outer diameter of the electric tire is between 1109mm and 1111mm. By manufacturing the tire close to the critical value of this specification, the outer diameter of the tire can be larger. During the same distance traveled, the tire rotates fewer times, resulting in less tire deformation and smaller rolling components, thus extending the service life of the electric tire.

[0032] In short-to-medium distance driving conditions, the tread saturation of electric tires is greater than 75%. In mountainous driving conditions, the tread saturation of electric tires is greater than 73%. The working environment of electric heavy trucks is mainly divided into short-to-medium distance ordinary driving conditions and mountainous driving conditions. The tread saturation of the above two driving conditions is generally higher than that of ordinary tires. This allows the tread patch area to be larger. During the driving process of electric tires, the deformation of the tread patch is smaller, which can improve the service life of electric tires. The main focus is on improving the tread saturation of the tire crown 1 centerline, usually to 85% to 100%, so that the overall wear resistance of the tire is stronger. At the same time, the slightly lower tread saturation position at the edge of the crown 1 ensures a certain water drainage and anti-skid capability.

[0033] A nylon fabric layer 5 is provided in the area near the bead 3 inside the tire shoulder 2. The nylon fabric layer 5 is close to the outer side of the electric tire. The nylon fabric layer 5 is provided in two layers and is parallel to each other. By providing a double layer of nylon fabric layer 5, the strength of the contact between the electric tire and the wheel rim can be further improved, the service life of the tire can be extended, and large deformation between the electric tire and the wheel rim can be avoided.

[0034] The nylon overlay layer 5, located in the area near the bead 3 within the tire shoulder 2, is a significant enhancement design feature of this invention for improving tire structural reliability under high torque conditions in electric heavy-duty trucks. This nylon overlay layer 5 is situated in the transition area between the tire shoulder 2 and the bead 3 on the outer side of the electric tire. It employs a double-layer parallel stacked structure and works synergistically with other internal tire cord layers to significantly improve the rigidity and deformation resistance of the tire-rim connection.

[0035] Nylon material itself has high strength, high toughness and excellent fatigue resistance. When it is embedded in the tire shoulder 2 near the bead 3 in the form of a fabric wrap, it can effectively restrain the deformation of this area under stress. When the electric heavy truck starts, accelerates or bears a large load, the tire and wheel hub joint will be subjected to dual stress from ground impact and driving torque. The double-layer parallel nylon fabric 5 forms a stable reinforcing skeleton. On the one hand, it can disperse and absorb the local stress at this point and prevent the rubber from tearing or interface separation caused by stress concentration. On the other hand, it also enhances the structural continuity from the tire shoulder 2 to the bead 3, so that the overall deformation of the tire is coordinated when it bears internal air pressure and external load.

[0036] The nylon overlay layer 5 further enhances the strength and durability of the shoulder 2 near the bead 3. When the tire expands outward under air pressure, the double-layer nylon overlay layer 5 can provide necessary lateral support for the shoulder 2, enabling the air pressure to be transmitted more effectively to the edge of the crown 1, and helping to achieve uniform contact between the crown 1 and the ground. At the same time, this reinforced structure can also suppress micro-slippage or abnormal deformation between the tire and the rim caused by high-frequency torque fluctuations, ensuring efficient transmission of driving force and avoiding early damage caused by local friction overheating or mechanical fatigue.

[0037] From the perspective of overall tire life, the above design not only enhances the durability of the tire and rim fit, but also reduces irregular wear of the tread during rolling by maintaining structural stability. Especially in the operation scenario of electric heavy trucks with direct motor drive and frequent start-stop, the double-layer nylon fabric layer 5 enables the tire to maintain structural integrity and reasonable ground contact pattern under extreme torque, thereby comprehensively improving tire life and driving safety.

[0038] Typically, the electric tires of this invention have a mixed pattern or a mineral pattern. By using these two patterns, the lifespan of the electric tires can be extended during operation, and the tread pattern has strong wear resistance.

[0039] The hybrid tread pattern combines the advantages of longitudinal and lateral tread patterns. Its longitudinal tread grooves effectively provide excellent guidance and high-speed driving stability, while also helping to drain water quickly and improve safety on wet and slippery roads. The lateral tread grooves or blocks give the tire strong lateral grip and driving force. This comprehensive design makes the tire's ground pressure distribution more reasonable. During the frequent start-stop and acceleration of electric heavy trucks, it can balance the needs of longitudinal drive and lateral support, thereby promoting the uniformity of tread wear and significantly suppressing uneven wear.

[0040] Mining-grade treads feature ultra-deep grooves, robust and wide tread blocks, and extremely high tread saturation. When applied to electric heavy-duty trucks, the massive tread blocks can withstand the enormous shear stress brought about by high torque, reducing abnormal creep and edge wear of the tread blocks. At the same time, the grooves have the ability to remove stones and self-clean, preventing stone debris from getting stuck and causing damage to the base rubber. Structurally, this ensures the durability of the tread pattern and the overall lifespan of the tire.

[0041] Example 2 The rectangularity ratio refers to the ratio of the tire's section width to its section height. By increasing the rectangularity ratio, the tire's contact patch can be made closer to a rectangle, thus generating stronger adhesion during driving. Enhanced grip not only improves power transmission efficiency and driving safety, but also effectively suppresses slippage between the tire and the ground due to insufficient traction when high torque is input. As slippage is reduced, it directly reduces severe wear caused by relative sliding friction at the source.

[0042] Example 3 The present invention can also reduce the camber height of the tire crown 1, making the outline of the inflated crown 1 flatter. The flatter crown 1 can make it fit more tightly and fully with the road surface under static and dynamic conditions, ensuring that the two sides of the crown 1 can also achieve stable grounding. It promotes the grounding pressure to be distributed more evenly in the width direction of the crown 1. When the unit pressure difference between the center and the edge of the crown 1 decreases, the rolling friction generated by the two during driving is also more balanced.

[0043] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric tire, characterized in that, The tire includes a crown (1), and shoulders (2) are provided on both sides of the crown (1). A bead (3) is provided on the side of the shoulder (2) away from the crown (1). A reference axis (4) parallel to the horizontal plane is set at the highest point of the shoulder (2) bulging outward. The electric tire rotates on the horizontal plane. The distance between the reference axis (4) and the bead (3) is greater than the distance between the reference axis (4) and the crown (1).

2. The electric tire according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the surface of the tread (1), the tread pattern saturation in the central axis region of the tread (1) is greater than the tread pattern saturation in the region of the tread (1) near the shoulder (2).

3. The electric tire according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the electric tire has a specification of 12R22.5, the tread width of the electric tire is less than 240mm.

4. The electric tire according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the electric tire after inflation is close to or the same as the critical value, and the outer diameter of the electric tire is between 1109 mm and 1111 mm.

5. The electric tire according to claim 2, characterized in that, Under short-to-medium distance operating conditions, the tread saturation of the electric tire is greater than 73%.

6. The electric tire according to claim 1, characterized in that, A nylon fabric layer (5) is provided in the area of ​​the shoulder (2) near the bead (3), and the nylon fabric layer (5) is close to the outer side of the electric tire.

7. The electric tire according to claim 6, characterized in that, The nylon fabric layer (5) is provided in two layers and is parallel to each other.

8. The electric tire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric tire has a mixed pattern or a mineral pattern.

9. The electric tire according to claim 2, characterized in that, In mountainous conditions, the tread saturation of the electric tires is greater than 75%.

10. An electric heavy-duty truck, characterized in that, The electric tire as described in claim 1 is mounted on the electric heavy truck.

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