Novel process for improving secondary biochemical treatment of sewage

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel process for improving secondary biochemical treatment of sewage. The novel process comprises the following steps: carrying out real-time online monitoring on sewage entering a secondary treatment unit; according to the identified key pollution factors, a carbon source enhancer is added into the sewage in proportion, so that the biochemical ratio of the sewage is increased to a preset range; carrying out segmented aeration control on the treated sewage in a front-end low dissolved oxygen area and a rear-end middle dissolved oxygen area; promoting the deflocculation and reagglomeration process of the sludge by using intermediate metabolites generated in the denitrification and nitrification stages in the steps; and the adding amount and the aeration intensity are automatically adjusted. Dynamic closed-loop regulation is formed through a plurality of key factors, sludge deflocculation and reagglomeration circulation is linked with water quality indexes, self-adaptive optimization of the biochemical treatment process is achieved, meanwhile, deflocculation and reagglomeration of sludge flocs are regulated and controlled through intermediate metabolites generated in the denitrification and nitrification stages, the carbon source adding amount and aeration strength are dynamically adjusted, and the biochemical treatment efficiency is improved. And the microbial activity is maintained at the optimal level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, and in particular to a new process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater. Background Technology

[0002] Secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater is a core process commonly used in the treatment of urban sewage and industrial wastewater. Its main purpose is to remove organic pollutants, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other pollutants from the water through the metabolic activity of microorganisms. The traditional activated sludge process uses an aeration tank to provide oxygen, promoting the nitrification and denitrification processes of microorganisms to remove organic matter and nitrogen. To ensure sludge settling properties and biochemical reaction efficiency, it is usually necessary to control the sludge floc structure, sludge concentration, and aeration intensity, and to add an appropriate amount of exogenous carbon source to maintain microbial activity.

[0003] However, existing technologies have certain limitations: sludge flocs are prone to being too loose or too dense, leading to poor secondary sedimentation or insufficient floc deagglomeration; the degradation efficiency of recalcitrant organic matter is low, especially when carbon sources are insufficient or influent load fluctuates, the denitrification effect decreases significantly; existing closed-loop control relies on complex models or adjusts carbon sources or aeration based on a single indicator, lacking multi-factor coupling and metabolite adaptive regulation mechanisms, resulting in insufficient system stability and adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a novel process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater, comprising the following steps: S1. Real-time online monitoring of wastewater entering the secondary treatment unit, and identification of key pollutants affecting biodegradability based on monitoring results; S2. Based on the key pollutants identified above, add carbon source enhancer to the wastewater in proportion to increase the biodegradability of the wastewater to a preset range. S3. Implement segmented aeration control of the treated wastewater in the front-end low dissolved oxygen zone and the back-end medium dissolved oxygen zone to create an enhanced denitrification environment at the front end and a stable nitrification environment at the back end. S4. Utilize the intermediate metabolites generated during the denitrification and nitrification stages in the above steps to promote the deflocculation and re-agglomeration process of sludge. S5. Based on the real-time monitoring of the changes in sludge structure and settling performance in the above steps, automatically adjust the dosage of S2 and the aeration intensity of S3 according to the preset carbon source adjustment rules and aeration adjustment rules.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the new process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater described in this invention, the identification of key pollutant factors includes spectral characteristic analysis of aromatics, long-chain alkanes, and high molecular weight organic compounds.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the new process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater described in this invention, the carbon source enhancer added in S2 includes volatile fatty acids, rapidly assimilated small molecule organic acids, and nitrogen-containing carbon sources such as amino acids that are easily absorbed by microorganisms, and the three are combined in a preset ratio.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the novel process for enhancing the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater described in this invention, the calculation formula for the amount of carbon source added in step S2 is as follows: ; in: This refers to the dosage of carbon source enhancer; An empirical coefficient is used to adjust the dosing sensitivity; For the target biochemical ratio; This represents the actual biochemical ratio of the influent.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the novel secondary biochemical treatment process for wastewater described in this invention, the dissolved oxygen control range of the segmented aeration in S3 includes: a low-oxygen denitrification zone of 0.3–0.6 mg / L at the front end and a nitrification stabilization zone of 1.5–2.5 mg / L at the rear end.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the novel process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater described in this invention, the carbon source adjustment rule is adjusted based on the monitoring data in S4, and the specific adjustment amount is calculated as follows: ; in: This is the adjusted carbon source dosage; This is the sludge settling ratio adjustment coefficient; This is the coefficient for adjusting the proportion of live bacteria; The target sludge settling ratio; For actual measurement of settlement ratio; The target proportion of live bacteria; This represents the actual percentage of live bacteria.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the novel process for enhancing the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater described in this invention, the aeration adjustment rule is adjusted based on the monitoring data in S4, and the specific adjustment amount is calculated as follows: ; in: The adjusted aeration intensity; To set the initial aeration intensity; This is the sludge settling ratio adjustment coefficient; This is the coefficient for adjusting the proportion of live bacteria; The coefficient for inhibition regulation of filamentous bacteria; This represents the percentage of filamentous bacteria.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a system for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater, comprising: The carbon source addition control module calculates and automatically adjusts the carbon source addition amount based on influent water quality indicators (such as B / C ratio) and sludge structure feedback. The dissolved oxygen / aeration intensity control module adjusts the aeration intensity of the pre-low oxygen zone and the post-medium oxygen zone based on the sludge structure, the proportion of active bacteria, the proportion of filamentous bacteria, and the target dissolved oxygen. The sludge monitoring module monitors sludge settling ratio (SVI), floc particle size, active bacteria ratio, and filamentous bacteria ratio in real time. The water quality monitoring module monitors key water quality indicators of the influent and effluent online. Intermediate metabolite monitoring module, which monitors key intermediate metabolites produced in hypoxic and meso-oxygen zones; The data processing and closed-loop control module analyzes and processes the data from each module, calculates the carbon source dosage and aeration intensity adjustment, and implements closed-loop control. The user interface and alarm module provide operators with real-time system operating status, parameter display, manual intervention interface, and alarm information.

[0013] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements any step of the new process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0014] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein: when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any step of a new process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention establishes a dynamic closed-loop regulation of multiple key factors, including carbon source dosage, aeration intensity, sludge structure, and microbial activity. The sludge deflocculation and re-agglomeration cycle is linked to water quality indicators, achieving adaptive optimization of the biochemical treatment process. Through intermediate metabolites generated during denitrification and nitrification, this invention regulates sludge floc deflocculation and re-agglomeration without the need for additional chemical flocculants or mechanical disturbance, thus optimizing sludge structure. Dynamically adjusting carbon source dosage and aeration intensity maintains optimal microbial activity while ensuring a proper match between oxygen supply and hydraulic shear force, enhancing the degradation capacity of recalcitrant organic matter and nitrogen, and reducing COD, BOD, and other pollutants. The system monitors the discharge concentration in real time, including influent water quality, sludge structure, and microbial activity, enabling rapid adaptive adjustment of carbon source addition and aeration intensity. This allows the system to effectively cope with sudden changes in water volume and pollutant concentration, ensuring stable effluent compliance. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of a novel process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a process architecture diagram of a novel process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a system architecture diagram of an improved secondary biochemical treatment system for wastewater proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0019] Reference Figure 1-3 This invention provides a novel process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater, comprising the following steps: S1. Real-time online monitoring of wastewater entering the secondary treatment unit to obtain data including chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen. The influent characteristics parameters of dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended solids (SS), and recalcitrant organic matter were measured, and key pollutants affecting biodegradability were identified based on the monitoring results. Key pollutant identification includes spectral characterization of aromatics, long-chain alkanes, and high-molecular-weight organic compounds to determine their impact on the biodegradability ratio (B / C). Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) is performed on collected secondary influent samples to determine the presence of aromatic structures (such as humic structures and phenolic ring structures) by analyzing the peak distribution of the excitation-emission matrix. Aromatic structures, with their highly stable benzene rings, are difficult for microorganisms to break directly, requiring specialized decarboxylation and ring-breaking enzyme systems. Their reaction rate is extremely low in conventional activated sludge systems, making them the primary factor contributing to the decrease in the B / C ratio. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is also used to scan the samples. The absorption peaks of alkane structures are identified. Long-chain alkanes are highly hydrophobic and can adhere to the sludge surface, resulting in limited mass transfer. Microorganisms need a long adaptation period before they can begin to degrade them, affecting the oxygen transfer rate and indirectly inhibiting the nitrification rate. High-performance liquid chromatography (GPC) analysis of influent samples is performed to determine the presence of recalcitrant high-molecular-weight organic compounds (such as macrophenols, alkylbenzenes, and partially polymerized COD) through molecular weight distribution curves. High-molecular-weight organic compounds cannot directly enter the cells and are forced to undergo "external enzymatic decomposition," with a degradation rate 10–100 times slower than that of low-molecular-weight organic compounds. If the proportion is too high, it will lead to a decrease in the overall reaction rate of the biochemical system. S2. Based on the identified key pollutants, add carbon source enhancers to the wastewater in a predetermined ratio to increase the biodegradability ratio (B / C) to a preset range, ensuring that this addition has a sustainable promoting effect on the next stage of denitrification-nitrification coupling process. The carbon source enhancers added in S2 include volatile fatty acids (such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc.), rapidly assimilated small molecule organic acids (such as lactic acid, malic acid, etc.), and nitrogen-containing carbon sources such as amino acids that are easily absorbed by microorganisms (such as glycine, alanine, etc.), combined in a preset ratio. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are the highest quality "easily degradable carbon source" in the biological system, which can be directly used as electron donors by most microorganisms and can be absorbed and metabolized within 5–20 minutes. At the same time, they can rapidly increase the denitrification rate (especially noticeable when carbon is deficient), and can also... It promotes the cyclic cleavage of some recalcitrant aromatic substances; small-molecule organic acids (such as lactic acid) can be rapidly converted into VFAs (volatile fatty acids) as an "intermediate carbon source" in specific bacterial communities. Lactic acid, malic acid, and other substances are also rapidly absorbed. More importantly, under anaerobic conditions, they can be rapidly converted into propionic acid and acetic acid, which can quickly replenish the carbon source in the pre-denitrification stage. When dissolved oxygen (DO) fluctuates slightly in the aerobic zone, the carbon source of microorganisms can still be kept stable; amino acids, as nitrogen-containing carbon sources, can promote the synthesis of microbial proteins and improve the metabolic capacity of the cells. Amino acids themselves have extremely high assimilation and metabolic rates, can be directly used for cell synthesis, improve microbial activity, and can serve as the basic substances for the generation of extracellular enzymes, enhancing the capacity of the extracellular enzyme system. The combination of these three can form a dual-time-sequence, multi-path carbon source energy supply system, enabling the biochemical system to respond immediately and continuously improve microbial activity. The formula for calculating the amount of carbon source added in S2 is as follows: ; in: This refers to the dosage of carbon source enhancer; An empirical coefficient is used to adjust the dosing sensitivity; For the target biochemical ratio; The dosage is proportional to the difference between the biodegradability ratio (B / C) and the influent biodegradability ratio (B / C). Operation is simple, requiring no complex fitting or nonlinear modeling, making it suitable for small to medium-sized wastewater treatment plants or online automated control. The dosage is adjusted in real-time according to the actual wastewater B / C ratio, maintaining the overall biodegradability of the system within the target range. Simultaneously, it avoids excessive dosage leading to COD excess, secondary pollution, or abnormal sludge age. The dosage is adjusted according to the actual deficit, ensuring the adaptability of the microbial community to recalcitrant components and improving denitrification and nitrification efficiency. S3. Implement segmented aeration control of the treated wastewater in the front-end low dissolved oxygen zone and the back-end medium dissolved oxygen zone to create an enhanced denitrification environment at the front end and a stable nitrification environment at the back end, thereby further reducing ammonia nitrogen and promoting the segmented transformation of recalcitrant organic matter. The dissolved oxygen (DO) control zones in the S3 segmented aeration system include: a low-oxygen denitrification zone at the front end (0.3–0.6 mg / L) and a nitrification stabilization zone at the rear end (1.5–2.5 mg / L). In the low-oxygen zone at the front end, denitrification occurs, utilizing the carbon source provided in S2 to reduce nitrates to nitrogen, while simultaneously promoting the cleavage of aromatic compounds and some recalcitrant components. The low DO setting limits excess oxygen, inhibits nitrifying bacteria activity, and promotes nitrate reduction using the carbon source provided in S2. The low-oxygen environment also enhances the initial oxidation / cleavage of recalcitrant components. In the medium-oxygen zone at the rear end, nitrification occurs, oxidizing ammonia nitrogen to nitrate. Simultaneously, microorganisms consume the remaining chemical oxygen demand (COD), aiding in the degradation of recalcitrant organic matter. The stable DO level of 1.5–2.5 mg / L satisfies the aerobic requirements for ammonia nitrogen oxidation by nitrifying bacteria while maintaining the degradation of long-chain alkanes and high-molecular-weight organic matter. Furthermore, the gradient between the medium-oxygen environment and the low-oxygen zone at the front end facilitates the gradual degradation of recalcitrant substances. S4. Utilizing the intermediate metabolites generated during the denitrification and nitrification stages in the above steps promotes the deflocculation and re-agglomeration of sludge. Selective settling controls sludge age, enriching highly active bacterial communities and inhibiting filamentous bacteria expansion, further enhancing the biochemical reaction rate. The main intermediate products in the low-oxygen denitrification zone include... Some volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are not completely consumed, and short-chain organic acids provide soluble carbon sources in the solution, enhancing microbial metabolism and generating slight CO2 bubbles that disturb the microenvironment, altering the sludge surface charge (lowering the zeta potential), reducing electrostatic adsorption between particles, and loosening the flocs. Short-chain acids can partially dissolve EPS, forming "reversible deflocculation," facilitating sufficient contact between microorganisms and aqueous pollutants, and breaking down the excessively flocculated structure of the sludge. The intermediate products in the intermediate oxygen nitrification zone mainly include nitrite ( ), Extracellular enzyme metabolites, and small amounts of low-molecular-weight organic acids. / In the aqueous phase, the local ionic strength of sludge can be adjusted, promoting the re-aggregation of EPS secreted by microorganisms. The extracellular enzymes produced by nitrification (such as extracellular polysaccharide hydrolases) can partially break down the excessively loose floc structure, promoting the formation of uniform and stable flocs. The pore structure of the re-aggregated flocs is improved, the oxygen and carbon source mass transfer efficiency is increased, forming a "cycle enhancement" effect, improving the internal pore structure of sludge flocs, and promoting the re-aggregation of bacteria. S5. Based on the real-time monitoring of the changes in sludge structure and settling performance in the above steps, the dosage of S2 and the aeration intensity of S3 are automatically adjusted according to the preset carbon source adjustment rules and aeration adjustment rules, so as to realize the closed-loop operation of wastewater biodegradability enhancement, biochemical reaction enhancement and sludge-water coupling optimization, and maintain the system in a highly efficient and stable biodegradable treatment range. The carbon source adjustment rules are based on the monitoring data in S4, and the specific adjustment amounts are calculated as follows: ; in: This is the adjusted carbon source dosage; This is the sludge settling ratio adjustment coefficient; This is the coefficient for adjusting the proportion of live bacteria; The target sludge settling ratio; For actual measurement of settlement ratio; The target proportion of live bacteria; This refers to the actual percentage of live bacteria; the initial dosage. Considering only the difference in the biodegradability ratio (B / C ratio) of the aqueous phase, in actual operation, the sludge structure and microbial community state will also affect the reaction efficiency and carbon source utilization. This formula achieves dynamic optimization of the dosage by correcting the difference between the sludge state and the level of active bacteria. At times, if the sludge is too loose, the carbon source utilization efficiency decreases, and the dosage needs to be increased; If the sludge is too dense, filamentous bacteria may dominate, so the dosage should be reduced appropriately. At times, there is insufficient active bacteria, so it is necessary to increase the carbon source to promote microbial proliferation; When the system is in good condition, it indicates that carbon source waste should be avoided. The aeration adjustment rules are based on the monitoring data in S4, and the specific adjustment amounts are calculated as follows: ; in: The adjusted aeration intensity; To set the initial aeration intensity; This is the sludge settling ratio adjustment coefficient; This is the coefficient for adjusting the proportion of live bacteria; The coefficient for inhibition regulation of filamentous bacteria; The system is designed to manage the proportion of filamentous bacteria. High SVI requires increased aeration, with slight shearing promoting deflocculation. Insufficient active bacteria necessitates increased aeration to ensure oxygen supply and metabolic rate. Excessive filamentous bacteria necessitates reduced aeration to inhibit filamentous bacteria and prevent bulking. Dynamic adjustment of aeration intensity ensures a balance between deflocculation and re-agglomeration cycles, forming stable flocs and reducing SVI fluctuations. Timely adjustment of DO ensures the activity of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, improving the system's nitrogen and COD removal efficiency. Automatic adjustment of aeration intensity provides a rapid response to sudden changes in influent load or water quality, maintaining stable biological efficiency.

[0020] This embodiment also provides a system for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater, including: The carbon source addition control module calculates and automatically adjusts the carbon source addition amount based on influent water quality indicators (such as B / C ratio) and sludge structure feedback, dynamically adjusts the carbon source addition amount, improves the biodegradability utilization rate of wastewater, prevents carbon source waste, and optimizes sludge structure at the same time. The dissolved oxygen / aeration intensity control module adjusts the aeration intensity of the pre-low oxygen zone and the post-medium oxygen zone based on the sludge structure, the proportion of active bacteria, the proportion of filamentous bacteria, and the target dissolved oxygen, thereby stabilizing the sludge floc structure, ensuring nitrification / denitrification efficiency, inhibiting filamentous bacteria bulking, and improving the overall stability of the system. The sludge monitoring module monitors the sludge settling ratio (SVI), floc particle size, active bacteria ratio, and filamentous bacteria ratio in real time to ensure precise implementation of closed-loop regulation, optimize sludge structure, and improve biochemical treatment efficiency. The water quality monitoring module monitors key water quality indicators of influent and effluent online, such as COD and BOD. , , Etc., to ensure that wastewater treatment meets standards, to dynamically respond to water quality fluctuations, and to reduce environmental risks; The intermediate metabolite monitoring module monitors key intermediate metabolites produced in the low-oxygen and medium-oxygen zones, such as short-chain organic acids and nitrites. It utilizes metabolites to naturally regulate sludge structure, eliminating the need for additional chemical treatment and saving operating costs. The data processing and closed-loop control module analyzes and processes the data from each module, calculates the carbon source dosage and aeration intensity adjustment, and implements closed-loop control to achieve a multi-effect coupled closed loop of "carbon source - aeration - sludge structure - water quality", thereby improving system stability and treatment efficiency. The user interface and alarm module provide operators with real-time system operating status, parameter display, manual intervention interface, and alarm information, enhancing system operability and security and ensuring timely handling of abnormalities during operation.

[0021] This embodiment also provides a computer device applicable to a new process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the new process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0022] The computer device can be a terminal, comprising a processor, memory, communication interface, display screen, and input devices connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, carrier networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input devices can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad on the computer device's casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0023] This embodiment also provides a storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements a new process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater as proposed in the above embodiments. The storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Red-Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0024] In summary, this invention establishes a dynamic closed-loop regulation of multiple key factors, including carbon source addition, aeration intensity, sludge structure, and microbial activity. The sludge deflocculation and re-agglomeration cycle is linked to water quality indicators, achieving adaptive optimization of the biochemical treatment process. Through intermediate metabolites generated during denitrification and nitrification, this invention regulates sludge floc deflocculation and re-agglomeration without the need for additional chemical flocculants or mechanical disturbance, thus optimizing sludge structure. Dynamically adjusting carbon source addition and aeration intensity maintains optimal microbial activity while ensuring a proper match between oxygen supply and hydraulic shear force, enhancing the degradation capacity of recalcitrant organic matter and nitrogen, and reducing COD, BOD, and other pollutants. The system monitors the discharge concentration in real time, including influent water quality, sludge structure, and microbial activity, enabling rapid adaptive adjustment of carbon source addition and aeration intensity. This allows the system to effectively cope with sudden changes in water volume and pollutant concentration, ensuring stable effluent compliance.

[0025] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel process for improving the secondary biochemical treatment of wastewater, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, real-time online monitoring of sewage entering the secondary treatment unit, and identifying key pollution factors affecting biodegradability based on the monitoring results; S2, according to the key pollution factors identified above, proportionally adding carbon source enhancer to the sewage, so that the biodegradability of the sewage is improved to a preset range; S3, implementing segmented aeration control of the front low-dissolved oxygen zone and the rear middle-dissolved oxygen zone on the sewage treated in the above step, so that a strong denitrification environment is formed in the front end and a stable nitrification environment is formed in the rear end; S4, using the intermediate metabolites produced in the denitrification and nitrification stages in the above steps to promote the deflocculation and re-agglomeration process of sludge; S5, according to the real-time change results of the sludge structure and settling performance in the above steps, automatically adjusting the dosage of S2 and the aeration intensity of S3 based on preset carbon source adjustment rules and aeration adjustment rules.

2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identification of the key pollution factors includes spectral feature analysis of aromatic compounds, long-chain alkanes and high-molecular-structure organic compounds.

3. The process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The carbon source enhancer added in S2 includes volatile fatty acids, small-molecule organic acids that can be quickly assimilated, and nitrogen-containing carbon sources such as amino acids that are easily absorbed by microorganisms, which are combined in a preset proportion.

4. The new process based on the promotion of secondary biodegradability of sewage water according to claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the carbon source dosage in S2 is as follows: ； Wherein: is the carbon source enhancer dosage; is an empirical coefficient for adjusting the dosage sensitivity; is the target biodegradability; is the actual biodegradability of the influent.

5. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that it is based on the new process for improving the secondary biodegradability of sewage water. The dissolved oxygen control interval of the segmented aeration in S3 includes a low-oxygen denitrification zone of 0.3-0.6 mg / L in the front end and a nitrification stabilization zone of 1.5-2.5 mg / L in the rear end.

6. The process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The carbon source adjustment rules are adjusted based on the monitoring in S4, and the specific adjustment amount is calculated as follows: ； wherein: is the adjusted carbon source dosage; is the sludge settling ratio adjustment coefficient; is the active bacteria ratio adjustment coefficient; is the target sludge settling ratio; is the actual measured settling ratio; is the target active bacteria ratio; is the actual active bacteria ratio.

7. The process according to claim 6, characterized in that it is a new process based on the promotion of the secondary biodegradability of sewage water. The aeration adjustment rules are adjusted based on the monitoring in S4, and the specific adjustment amount is calculated as follows: ； Wherein: is the adjusted aeration intensity; is the initial set aeration intensity; is the sludge settling ratio adjustment coefficient; is the active bacteria ratio adjustment coefficient; is the filamentous bacteria inhibition adjustment coefficient; is the filamentous bacteria ratio.

8. A kind of based on promoting sewage secondary biodegradability processing system, based on the new process of promoting sewage secondary biodegradability processing of any one of claims 1-7, it is characterized by: It comprises: A carbon source addition control module that calculates and automatically adjusts the carbon source dosage based on the water quality indicators (such as B / C ratio) and sludge structure feedback; A dissolved oxygen / aeration intensity control module that adjusts the aeration intensity of the front low-oxygen zone and the rear middle-oxygen zone based on the sludge structure, active bacteria ratio, filamentous bacteria proportion and target dissolved oxygen; A sludge monitoring module that monitors the sludge settling ratio (SVI), floc particle size, active bacteria ratio and filamentous bacteria proportion in real time; A water quality monitoring module that monitors the key water quality indicators of the influent and effluent online; An intermediate metabolite monitoring module that monitors the key intermediate metabolites produced in the low-oxygen zone and the middle-oxygen zone; A data processing and closed-loop regulation module that analyzes and processes the data of each module, calculates the carbon source dosage and aeration intensity adjustment, and implements closed-loop control; An operation interface and alarm module that provides the system real-time running state, parameter display, manual intervention interface and alarm information for the operator. 9.A computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer device is characterized in that: The processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the new process for improving the secondary biodegradability of sewage according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that: The computer program is executed by the processor to realize the steps of the new process for improving the secondary biodegradability of sewage according to any one of claims 1-7.

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