Sewage and wastewater nitrate nitrogen reduction and ammonia salt recovery method based on friction power generation

Abstract

The invention discloses a sewage and wastewater nitrate nitrogen reduction and ammonia salt recovery method based on friction power generation, and relates to the technical field of water treatment and resource recovery. The method sequentially comprises the following steps: S1, pretreatment: removing most of CODCr, BOD5, SS and total phosphorus in raw water; s2, biological nitrification: converting ammonia nitrogen and organic nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen; s3, triboelectric reduction: enabling the water flow containing nitrate nitrogen to flow through a friction power generation reduction unit, and directly reducing the nitrate nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen by utilizing a reduction electric field spontaneously generated by friction between the water flow and the high polymer material pipe wall; and S4, ammonia salt recovery: adding an acid solution, and carrying out evaporative crystallization to obtain a solid ammonia salt product. According to the method, the fluid kinetic energy of the wastewater is taken as an energy source, external power supply and a carbon source are not needed, nitrogen pollutants are converted into valuable fertilizer products, the fundamental conversion from'end treatment 'to'resource recovery' is realized, the system operation cost is low, the impact load resistance is high, and the method is suitable for high-nitrogen industrial wastewater of photovoltaics, food processing and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water treatment and resource recycling technology, specifically to a method for reducing and recovering nitrate nitrogen in wastewater into ammonia salts, and particularly to a method for converting nitrate nitrogen by using fluid friction energy to generate a reducing electric field. Background Technology

[0002] The rapid development of industry and agriculture in my country is accompanied by the severe challenge of nitrogen pollution. The widespread use of chemical fertilizers (especially nitrogen-containing fertilizers) is the cornerstone of increased agricultural production, which in turn forms the basis for population growth. Nitrogen-containing chemical reagents are also widely used in fields such as circuit board etching, photovoltaic production, and food processing. Currently, the vast majority of ammonia production relies on the Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis process. While this process is mature, it requires high temperature and pressure, resulting in enormous energy consumption.

[0003] After fertilizers are applied to farmland, some nitrogen is absorbed by crops, but residual nitrogen enters water bodies through rainwater runoff. When crops are consumed, the nitrogen from them eventually enters domestic sewage systems in the form of organic and inorganic nitrogen. Furthermore, improper treatment of industrial nitrogen-containing wastewater can also lead to nitrogen entering the aquatic environment, causing potential eutrophication risks. Therefore, developing efficient nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment technologies is of significant practical importance.

[0004] The current mainstream nitrogen removal technologies for wastewater are biological technologies, such as nitrification-denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation, which aim to convert nitrogen in water into nitrogen gas for release into the atmosphere. However, these biological processes have inherent limitations: nitrification-denitrification requires a large amount of electricity for aeration and usually requires the addition of external carbon sources, resulting in high energy and material consumption; anaerobic ammonium oxidation is limited by the long cultivation cycle of functional bacteria, weak resistance to shock loads, and approximately 11% of nitrogen in the effluent remains as nitrate, indicating incomplete removal.

[0005] Fundamentally, existing technologies follow a "removal" approach, treating valuable nitrogen resources as pollutants and subjecting them to energy-intensive treatment. If nitrate nitrogen in wastewater could be directly reduced to ammonia nitrogen and recovered as nitrogen-containing products (such as fertilizers), a shift from "removal" to "recovery" could be achieved, significantly reducing energy and carbon consumption. The key to this shift lies in the step of reducing nitrate nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen, and the energy consumption and cost of this step largely depend on the cost-effectiveness of the electron supply method.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention aims to address the shortcomings of existing biological denitrification technologies by providing a method and system that is energy-efficient, requires no external carbon source, is easy to operate and manage, and can efficiently reduce and recover nitrate nitrogen in wastewater into valuable resources. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for reducing nitrate nitrogen and recovering ammonia salts from wastewater based on triboelectric power generation.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for reducing nitrate nitrogen and recovering ammonia salts from wastewater based on triboelectric power generation includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Pretreatment: The wastewater to be treated is passed into the pretreatment module to remove most of the COD. Cr Reduce BOD5, SS and total phosphorus, and decrease the load on subsequent treatment processes;

[0011] S2, Biological Nitrification: The pretreated water is fed into the biological nitrification module to convert various forms of nitrogen (such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and organic nitrogen) into nitrate nitrogen;

[0012] S3, Triboelectric Reduction: The effluent containing nitrate nitrogen from S2 is fed into the ammonia conversion module, and then flows through the triboelectric reduction unit. The induced charge and reduction electric field generated by the friction between the water flow and the pipe wall are used to reduce the nitrate nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen.

[0013] S4. Ammonia Salt Recovery: Add acid (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc.) to the ammonia-containing effluent produced in step S3, and then evaporate and crystallize to obtain solid ammonia salt product.

[0014] In a further technical solution, S1, the pretreatment module includes an anaerobic treatment process or an anaerobic-aerobic combined treatment process, and when COD Cr When the concentration exceeds 1000 mg / L, an anaerobic treatment process is used to convert organic matter into methane, thereby recovering some bioenergy. The anaerobic treatment module and the combined anaerobic and aerobic treatment module involve existing technologies, and therefore will not be elaborated upon in this case.

[0015] In a further technical solution, in S3, the effluent containing nitrate nitrogen from S2 is distributed through a water distribution module and then enters the triboelectric power generation reduction unit.

[0016] In a further technical solution, the water distribution module includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe; the inlet pipe is connected to the outlet of S2, and the outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of S4; the triboelectric power generation unit is connected in series between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe.

[0017] In a further technical solution, S3, the ammonia conversion module includes several triboelectric reduction units; each triboelectric reduction unit includes a flow channel component and a conductive layer; the flow channel component is made of a polymer triboelectric material and is used to allow water to flow through; the conductive layer is tightly attached to the outer wall of the flow channel component and is made of an inert metal material; when water containing nitrate nitrogen flows through the flow channel component, it rubs against the pipe wall, and the conductive layer carries a charge through the contact electrification effect, thereby forming a reduction electric field in the flow channel, directly reducing the nitrate nitrogen in the water to ammonia nitrogen.

[0018] In a further technical solution, the flow channel components of each triboelectric power generation unit are arranged in parallel at intervals; preferably, the flow channel component is a tubular structure, and its material is selected from one of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer or polydimethylsiloxane; the flow channel component is a microtube with an outer diameter of 1.2-2.8 mm, an inner diameter of 0.2-0.7 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm; the thickness of the conductive layer is 1-10 mm.

[0019] In a further technical solution, the conductive layer is made of copper, titanium, stainless steel or their alloys; the conductive layer is formed on the outer wall of the flow channel component by electroplating or coating.

[0020] In a further technical solution, in S3, a portion of the water used for power generation flows out of the triboelectric power generation reduction unit and flows back into the triboelectric power generation reduction unit for further processing or reuse for triboelectric power generation.

[0021] The terms “include,” “including,” and “have” used in this article are all open-ended, meaning they include but are not limited to.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the terms used herein generally have their ordinary meaning in the context of the art, the subject matter, and the specific context. Certain terms used to describe this case will be discussed below or elsewhere in this specification to provide additional guidance to those skilled in the art in describing this case.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. Energy self-sufficiency and low energy consumption: This invention innovatively utilizes the mechanical energy (friction energy) of the flow of wastewater as the energy source to drive chemical reactions, requiring no external power supply or only extremely low energy consumption for transmission, which greatly reduces operating costs.

[0025] 2. Resource recycling and circular economy: This invention converts pollutants (nitrate nitrogen) in wastewater into valuable commodities (ammonia salts, such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate), creating potential economic benefits.

[0026] 3. Simple and efficient process: This invention avoids the complex bacterial culture and management problems of traditional biological denitrification. The process is simple, the reaction speed is fast, and the resistance to shock loads is strong. In particular, this method has significant advantages for wastewater with high nitrate nitrogen and low organic matter (such as photovoltaic wastewater).

[0027] 4. Environmentally friendly: This invention does not require the addition of an external carbon source, thus avoiding the secondary pollution problems that may be caused by the addition of a carbon source.

[0028] In a further embodiment, to optimize system operating efficiency and stability, this invention can further introduce an intelligent reflux control strategy based on effluent quality. Specifically, the system can be equipped with an online water quality monitoring device (such as an online ammonia nitrogen / nitrate analyzer) to monitor the effluent from the ammonia conversion module in real time and dynamically adjust the reflux ratio based on the monitoring results, forming a closed-loop control system.

[0029] The control logic is as follows: When the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches the set target value (indicating a high nitrate nitrogen reduction conversion rate and satisfactory treatment effect), the control system adjusts the reflux ratio to the minimum (e.g., 0%), allowing the system to operate at maximum throughput. Conversely, if the effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration is low and the nitrate nitrogen concentration is high (indicating poor single-pass treatment effect), the control system automatically increases the reflux ratio, returning a portion of the treated effluent at a higher proportion (e.g., 100%, 200%, or even higher) to the ammonia conversion module inlet, mixing with the inlet water for further treatment. This process aims to ensure sufficient reduction of nitrate nitrogen by increasing its effective residence time and reaction frequency within the reaction unit.

[0030] In this system, the recirculation ratio (R) can be dynamically adjusted within a certain range (e.g., 0% to 600%) according to actual needs. Dynamic recirculation enables the system to adapt to different influent loads and water quality fluctuations, optimizing energy consumption and treatment efficiency while ensuring the final treatment effect.

[0031] In summary, the triboelectric reduction process of this invention directly converts nitrate nitrogen into easily recoverable ammonia nitrogen. Compared to traditional processes that convert nitrogen into difficult-to-capture nitrogen gas, this invention transforms pollutants into high-value-added products (ammonia salts), achieving a fundamental shift from "end-of-pipe treatment" to "resource recovery." The ammonia salt recovery module is seamlessly integrated with the reduction module, and marketable ammonia salt products can be obtained through simple acid absorption and crystallization processes. The entire process constitutes a complete, efficient, and low-cost nitrogen resource recovery chain. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Appendix Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the wastewater nitrate nitrogen reduction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Appendix Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the wastewater nitrate nitrogen reduction system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ammonia conversion module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Appendix Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the triboelectric power generation and reduction units in the ammonia conversion module of this invention (corresponding to...). Figure 3 (Left or right side view)

[0036] Appendix Figure 5 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the triboelectric power generation reduction unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] In the above figures: 1. Pretreatment module; 2. Biological nitrification module; 3. Ammonia conversion module; 31. Triboelectric power generation reduction unit; 311. Flow channel component; 312. Conductive layer; 4. Ammonia salt recovery module; 5. Water distribution module; 51. Positioning frame. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Any person skilled in the art, after understanding the embodiments of this case, can make changes and modifications based on the technology taught in this case without departing from the spirit and scope of this case.

[0039] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this work. Singular forms such as “a,” “this,” “this,” “the,” and “the” as used herein also include plural forms.

[0040] See appendix Figure 1 As shown, the wastewater nitrate nitrogen reduction and ammonia salt recovery method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Pretreatment: The wastewater to be treated is passed into pretreatment module 1 to remove most of the COD. Cr Reduce BOD5, SS and total phosphorus, and decrease the load on subsequent treatment processes;

[0042] S2, Biological Nitrification: The pretreated water is fed into biological nitrification module 2 to convert various forms of nitrogen (such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and organic nitrogen) into nitrate nitrogen;

[0043] S3, triboelectric reduction: The effluent containing nitrate nitrogen in S2 is fed into the ammonia conversion module 3, and then flows through the triboelectric reduction unit 31. The induced charge and reduction electric field generated by the friction between the water flow and the pipe wall are used to reduce the nitrate nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen.

[0044] S4. Ammonia Salt Recovery: In the ammonia salt recovery module 4, acid (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc.) is added to the ammonia nitrogen-containing effluent generated in step S3, and then evaporated and crystallized to obtain solid ammonia salt product.

[0045] In S1, the pretreatment module 1 includes an anaerobic treatment process or an anaerobic-aerobic combined treatment process, and when COD Cr When the concentration exceeds 1000 mg / L, an anaerobic treatment process is used to convert organic matter into methane, thereby recovering some bioenergy. The anaerobic treatment module and the combined anaerobic and aerobic treatment module involve existing technologies, and therefore will not be elaborated upon in this case.

[0046] In S3, the effluent containing nitrate nitrogen from S2 is distributed through the water distribution module 5 and then enters the triboelectric power generation reduction unit 31.

[0047] The water distribution module 5 includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe is connected to the outlet of S2, and the outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of S4. The triboelectric power generation unit 31 is connected in series between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe.

[0048] In S3, when water containing nitrate nitrogen flows through the flow channel component 311, it rubs against the pipe wall and causes the conductive layer 312 to carry a charge through the contact electrification effect, thereby forming a reduction electric field in the flow channel and directly reducing the nitrate nitrogen in the water to ammonia nitrogen.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the above method is achieved through a wastewater nitrate nitrogen reduction system, which includes components connected sequentially in the direction of water flow:

[0050] Pretreatment module 1 is used to remove suspended solids and most organic pollutants (COD) from wastewater. Cr Reduce BOD5 and total phosphorus to decrease the load on subsequent treatments;

[0051] Biological nitrification module 2 receives the effluent from pretreatment module 1 and is used to convert ammonia nitrogen and organic nitrogen in wastewater into nitrate nitrogen.

[0052] Ammonia conversion module 3, such as Figures 3-5 As shown, the system includes several triboelectric reduction units 31, with the flow channel components of each unit arranged in parallel and spaced apart. Each triboelectric reduction unit 31 includes a flow channel component 311 and a conductive layer 312. The flow channel component 311 is made of a polymer triboelectric material and is used to allow water to flow through. The conductive layer 312 is tightly attached to the outer wall of the flow channel component 311 and is made of an inert metal material. When water containing nitrate nitrogen flows through the flow channel component 311, it rubs against the pipe wall, and through the contact electrification effect, the conductive layer 312 carries a charge, thereby forming a reducing electric field in the flow channel, which reduces the nitrate nitrogen (NO3) in the water. - It is directly reduced to ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N);

[0053] The ammonia salt recovery module 4 is used to treat the effluent from the ammonia conversion module 3 and recover the ammonia salt product. This can be achieved by adjusting the pH by adding acid and combining it with an evaporation and crystallization process.

[0054] The pretreatment module 1 is either an anaerobic treatment module or a combined anaerobic and aerobic treatment module. The combined anaerobic and aerobic treatment module refers to an anaerobic treatment module plus an aerobic treatment module.

[0055] In a further technical solution, the flow channel component 311 is a tubular structure, and its material is selected from one of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The flow channel component 311 is a microtube, preferably, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, its outer diameter is 1.5 mm, its inner diameter is 0.5 mm, and its wall thickness is 0.5 mm; the thickness of the conductive layer 312 is 2 mm.

[0056] In a further technical solution, the conductive layer 312 is made of copper, titanium, stainless steel, or their alloys. Preferably, the conductive layer 312 is formed on the outer wall of the flow channel component by electroplating or coating.

[0057] A further technical solution also includes a water distribution module 5 for distributing water to the ammonia conversion module. The water distribution module 5 includes an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and a positioning frame 51 for fixing the triboelectric power generation reduction unit. The inlet pipe is connected to the outlet water of the biological nitrification module 2, and the outlet pipe is connected to the inlet water of the ammonia salt recovery module 4. The flow channel component 311 of the triboelectric power generation reduction unit 31 is connected in series between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe.

[0058] In a further technical solution, the water distribution module 5 also includes a return branch, which is connected between the water outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe, and is used to re-enter a portion of the water flowing out of the triboelectric power generation unit 31 into the triboelectric power generation unit 31.

[0059] The following are examples illustrating the treatment of several common wastewater types:

[0060] Wastewater Type 1: Wastewater from photovoltaic production

[0061] Wastewater quality: 1000m³ 3 / d, nitrate nitrogen (NO3) - -N) concentration 500 mg / L, COD Cr 200 mg / L, neutral pH.

[0062] System operation:

[0063] Pretreatment: Due to COD CrThe levels are low, so a simple aerobic treatment is used to remove residual organic matter.

[0064] Biological nitrification: After pretreatment, the wastewater has an extremely low ammonia nitrogen concentration and mainly contains nitrate nitrogen. It can be directly or with a small amount of ammonia nitrogen added before entering the subsequent ammonia conversion module.

[0065] Ammonia conversion: A PTFE pipe with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm and an outer diameter of 1.5 mm is used as the flow channel component, and a 2 mm thick copper layer is electroplated on the outer wall as a conductive layer. Wastewater flows through the pipe at a specific flow rate, and the electric field generated by friction reduces nitrate nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen.

[0066] Ammonium salt recovery: Add sulfuric acid to the effluent to adjust the pH to acidic, then evaporate and crystallize to recover ammonium sulfate crystals.

[0067] Technical Benefits: Calculations show that the operating cost of the system for treating this wastewater is approximately 5 yuan / ton of water. However, by selling the recovered ammonium sulfate, a profit of approximately 2 yuan / ton of water can be generated, reducing the overall treatment cost to 3 yuan / ton of water. Compared to traditional nitrification-denitrification processes (operating cost > 10 yuan / ton of water) and short-cut nitrification-denitrification processes (operating cost 5-8 yuan / ton of water), which offer no resource gains, this invention has significant advantages in terms of economic efficiency and resource recovery.

[0068] Wastewater Type 2: Treatment of food processing wastewater

[0069] Wastewater quality: 2000m³ 3 / d, total nitrogen 300 mg / L (mainly organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen), COD Cr 6000 mg / L.

[0070] System operation:

[0071] Pretreatment: Anaerobic reactors (such as upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, UASB) are used to efficiently remove the vast majority of COD. Cr And recover biogas energy.

[0072] Biological nitrification: Anaerobic effluent is fed into a nitrification tank, where ammonia nitrogen produced from the conversion of ammonia nitrogen and organic nitrogen is oxidized into nitrate nitrogen.

[0073] Ammonia conversion and ammonium salt recovery: same as wastewater type 1 treatment.

[0074] Technical advantages: The operating cost of this invention's system for treating this wastewater is approximately 10 yuan / ton of water, with resource recovery revenue of approximately 2 yuan / ton of water, resulting in a comprehensive cost of 8 yuan / ton of water. Compared to traditional A... 2 Compared with the O process (operating cost of about 15 yuan / ton of water) and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process (operating cost of about 10 yuan / ton of water, and the total nitrogen in the effluent cannot fully meet the standards), this invention achieves resource recovery while ensuring the denitrification effect, resulting in better overall benefits.

[0075] Wastewater Type 3: Wastewater from metal surface processing

[0076] Wastewater quality: 200m³ 3 / d, nitrate nitrogen concentration 200mg / L, low organic matter.

[0077] System operation and results: The process flow is the same as that for wastewater type 1. The operating cost is approximately 5 yuan / ton of water, with a profit of 1 yuan / ton of water from ammonia salt recovery, resulting in a comprehensive treatment cost of 4 yuan / ton of water, which is significantly lower than the 8 yuan / ton of water cost of traditional processes.

[0078] Table 1 Comparison of treatment data for common wastewater types

[0079]

[0080] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reducing nitrate nitrogen and recovering ammonia salts from wastewater based on triboelectric power generation, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Raw water is passed through a pretreatment module to remove most of the COD. Cr Reduce BOD5, SS and total phosphorus, and decrease the load on subsequent treatment processes; S2, Biological nitrification: The pretreated water is fed into a biological nitrification module to convert nitrogen in various forms into nitrate nitrogen; S3, Triboelectric Reduction: The effluent containing nitrate nitrogen from S2 is fed into an ammonia conversion module, which then flows through the triboelectric reduction unit. The induced charge and reduction electric field generated by the friction between the water flow and the pipe wall are used to reduce the nitrate nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen. S4. Ammonia salt recovery: Add acid to the ammonia nitrogen-containing effluent produced in step S3, and then evaporate and crystallize to obtain solid ammonia salt product.

2. The method for reducing nitrate nitrogen and recovering ammonia salts in wastewater based on triboelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the pretreatment module includes an anaerobic treatment process or an anaerobic-aerobic combined treatment process, and when COD Cr When the concentration exceeds 1000 mg / L, an anaerobic treatment process should be used.

3. The method for reducing nitrate nitrogen and recovering ammonia salts in wastewater based on triboelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the effluent containing nitrate nitrogen from S2 is distributed through the water distribution module and then enters the triboelectric power generation reduction unit.

4. The method for reducing nitrate nitrogen and recovering ammonia salts in wastewater based on triboelectric power generation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water distribution module includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe; the inlet pipe is connected to the outlet of S2, and the outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of S4; the triboelectric power generation unit is connected in series between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe.

5. The method for reducing nitrate nitrogen and recovering ammonia salts in wastewater based on triboelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, after the water used for power generation flows out of the triboelectric power generation reduction unit, a portion of it re-enters the triboelectric power generation reduction unit for further processing or reuse in triboelectric power generation.

6. The method for reducing nitrate nitrogen and recovering ammonia salts in wastewater based on triboelectric power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the ammonia conversion module includes several triboelectric reduction units; each triboelectric reduction unit includes a flow channel component and a conductive layer; the flow channel component is made of a polymer triboelectric material and is used to allow water to flow through; the conductive layer is tightly attached to the outer wall of the flow channel component and is made of an inert metal material; when water containing nitrate nitrogen flows through the flow channel component, it rubs against the pipe wall, and the conductive layer carries a charge through the contact electrification effect, thereby forming a reduction electric field in the flow channel, directly reducing the nitrate nitrogen in the water to ammonia nitrogen.

7. The method for reducing nitrate nitrogen and recovering ammonia salts in wastewater based on triboelectric power generation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flow channel components of each triboelectric power generation unit are arranged in parallel at intervals; The flow channel component is a tubular structure, and its material is selected from one of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer or polydimethylsiloxane; the flow channel component is a microtube with an outer diameter of 1.2-2.8 mm, an inner diameter of 0.2-0.7 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm; the thickness of the conductive layer is 1-10 mm.

8. The method for reducing nitrate nitrogen and recovering ammonia salts in wastewater based on triboelectric power generation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The conductive layer is made of copper, titanium, stainless steel or their alloys; the conductive layer is formed on the outer wall of the flow channel component by electroplating or coating.

Images