Stirring device and stirring tank for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a stirring device and a stirring tank for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste and a detection method. The problems that stirring blades of an existing stirring device are prone to winding sundries, and the stirring stability is poor are solved. The device comprises a tank body, a frame body, a driving element, a detection assembly and a control unit, the stirring shaft is arranged on the driving element, is driven by the driving element to rotate and is used for being inserted into the tank body from the side surface of the tank body; the first stirrer is arranged on the stirring shaft and linked with the stirring shaft, and stirring blades for stirring materials are arranged on the first stirrer; and the anti-winding structure is linked with the stirring shaft and is used for preventing sundries from being wound on the first stirrer. The first stirrer is good in material axial mixing effect, and stirring uniformity and stability are improved. The anti-winding structure prevents impurities from winding the blades to influence the stirring performance, reduces the equipment maintenance frequency and improves the stirring stability. The invention also has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in assembly, reliable action, long service life and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of food waste treatment technology, specifically to a stirring device and stirring tank for anaerobic fermentation of food waste, and a testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Food waste is characterized by high moisture and high organic matter content. Anaerobic fermentation technology has become one of the mainstream treatment methods for food waste due to its ability to reduce volume, render it harmless, and utilize it as a resource. During anaerobic fermentation, the performance of the mixing device directly affects the mass transfer efficiency, microbial activity, and gas production efficiency of the fermentation system. Existing anaerobic fermentation mixing devices mostly adopt a top-entry mixing structure, which has the following drawbacks: First, the mixing shaft is too long, easily generating vibration during high-speed rotation, resulting in poor stability and high maintenance costs; second, for large fermenters, top-entry mixing makes it difficult to achieve uniform mixing of materials within the tank, easily leading to localized material sedimentation and acidification, affecting fermentation efficiency; third, traditional mixing devices lack targeted detection mechanisms, making it impossible to obtain real-time mixing effects and key parameters of the fermentation system, resulting in difficulty in accurately controlling mixing parameters, further restricting the improvement of fermentation performance.

[0003] While side-entry mixing structures have been used in some chemical fields, they still face many problems when adapted to the anaerobic fermentation of food waste: the anaerobic fermentation material of food waste has high viscosity and complex composition, and side-entry mixing is prone to problems such as impeller entanglement with debris and many dead zones; at the same time, there is a lack of detection methods that are coordinated with the mixing process, making it impossible to provide timely feedback on the uniformity of mixing and changes in the fermentation system, and making it difficult to achieve intelligent control of the mixing process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of existing mixing devices in the background art, such as the mixing blades easily becoming entangled with debris and poor mixing stability, this invention provides a mixing device, mixing tank, and testing method for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is: a stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, comprising a frame, and further comprising: The driving element is mounted on the frame; A stirring shaft is mounted on a driving element and is driven to rotate by the driving element. It is used to be inserted into the tank from the side of the tank. The first agitator is mounted on the agitator shaft and linked to the agitator shaft. The first agitator is equipped with agitator blades for agitating materials. The anti-winding structure, linked to the stirring shaft, is used to prevent debris from getting entangled on the first stirrer.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, a second stirrer is also included, which is disposed on the stirring shaft; the first stirrer and the second stirrer are arranged alternately, the first stirrer is a propeller-type stirrer, the second stirrer is an anchor-type stirrer, and the anti-winding structure is disposed between the first stirrer and the second stirrer.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the anti-winding structure includes: A fixed sleeve is mounted on the stirring shaft and is linked to the stirring shaft; A combing rod is radially disposed on the fixed sleeve and is used to guide the winding of the first agitator. The cutting blade, located on the combing rod and adapted to the rotation direction of the stirring blade, is used for cutting long strips of debris.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cutting blade is elongated and arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft, and there are multiple cutting blades evenly distributed circumferentially on the fixed sleeve; both sides of the cutting blade are provided with serrated cutting portions; the distance between the cutting blade and the stirring blade is 2-3 cm.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first stirrer includes multiple stirring blades, each stirring blade being provided with an anti-winding structure, wherein the anti-winding structure is a serrated part provided on the edge of the stirring blade for cutting.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the stirring shaft is provided with a material-carrying maintenance device, which includes a sealing seat, a screw plug and an easy-to-install mounting flange. The sealing seat is located on the mounting flange, and the screw plug has a first position that is separated from the sealing seat during installation and a second position that cooperates with the sealing seat to seal.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the screw plug is disposed on the stirring shaft and linked with the stirring shaft, the sealing seat is provided with an internal thread, and the screw plug is provided with an external thread that matches the internal thread on the sealing seat; the sealing seat is provided with a first inclined surface, and the screw plug is provided with a second inclined surface and a sealing element, wherein the second inclined surface is in contact with the first inclined surface and sealed by the sealing element when the screw plug is in its second position.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the driving element is disposed on the swing seat, the swing seat is swayably disposed on the frame, the frame is provided with an adjusting rod, the adjusting rod is connected to the swing seat and is used to adjust the deflection angle of the driving element through the swing seat, and the adjusting rod is limited by a locking nut.

[0013] A mixing tank includes a tank body, a mounting frame, and the aforementioned mixing device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste. The frame body is mounted on the mounting frame. The mixing shaft is inserted obliquely into the tank body and forms an angle c with the horizontal plane, where the angle c is 9-13°. The angle d between the axis of the mixing shaft and the diameter direction of the tank body is 5-8°. The driving element is connected to the mixing shaft through a reducer and a mechanical seal.

[0014] A detection method includes a tank, a detection component, a control unit, and the aforementioned stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste. The detection steps are as follows: Step 1: Initialization settings. The temperature, pH, viscosity and liquid level of the material in the tank are preset by the control unit, and the initial speed and stirring cycle of the drive element are set. Step 2: The mixing process is started. The fermented food waste material is put into the tank. The control unit starts the drive element, which drives the mixing shaft and the first agitator to rotate through the reducer to mix the material. At the same time, the anti-tangling structure rotates synchronously with the mixing shaft, the combing rod combs the material, and the cutting blade cuts the tangled debris. Step 3: The temperature sensor, pH sensor, and viscosity sensor in the detection component collect the temperature, pH value, and viscosity data of the material in the tank in real time, the ultrasonic level gauge collects the material level data in real time, and the pressure sensor collects the pressure data at the bottom of the tank in real time. All detection data are transmitted to the control unit. Step 4: Data processing and judgment. The control unit filters the received detection data to remove interference signals, and then compares the processed data with a preset threshold to judge the stirring effect and the state of the fermentation system. The control unit uses a weighted average algorithm to filter the detection data, with the weighting coefficients for temperature, pH value, and viscosity being 0.3, 0.4, and 0.3, respectively. Step 5: Stirring parameter adjustment. If the detected data exceeds the preset threshold, the control unit adjusts the speed of the drive element through the frequency converter module to change the stirring intensity of the first stirrer, and records the trend of the adjustment parameters and the corresponding detected data. The adjustment range of the drive element speed is determined according to the deviation between the detected data and the preset value. When the deviation is within 5%, the speed adjustment range is 5-10 r / min; when the deviation is between 5% and 10%, the speed adjustment range is 10-20 r / min; when the deviation is greater than 10%, the speed adjustment range is 20-30 r / min. Step 6: Abnormal warning and handling. When the detection data exceeds the preset threshold for 10-15 minutes, or the change in two consecutive detection data is greater than 20%, the control unit issues an abnormal warning signal and automatically reduces the speed of the drive element to a safe range, while outputting an abnormal data report. Step 7: Cyclic detection and control. Repeat steps 3-6 to achieve real-time detection and dynamic control of the stirring process until the anaerobic fermentation process ends.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are that the first agitator of this invention has a good axial mixing effect on materials during operation, improving the uniformity and stability of mixing. It also features an anti-winding structure to prevent debris from entangled in the blades and affecting mixing performance, reducing equipment maintenance frequency and improving mixing stability. Furthermore, this invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly, reliable operation, and long service life. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Appendix Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Appendix Figure 4 For the appendix Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure after removing the second mixer and mounting bracket.

[0020] Appendix Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-winding structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Appendix Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0022] Appendix Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stirring blade in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0023] Appendix Figure 8 For this appendix Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure from another direction.

[0024] Appendix Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the material-carrying repair device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Appendix Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the control unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Appendix Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the detection component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram, 1. Frame; 2. Drive element; 3. Stirring shaft; 4. First stirrer; 41. Stirring blade; 5. Anti-winding structure; 51. Fixing sleeve; 52. Combing rod; 53. Cutting blade; 531. Cutting part; 54. Serrated part; 6. Second stirrer; 7. Material maintenance device; 71. Sealing seat; 711. First inclined surface; 72. Plug; 721. Second inclined surface; 722. Seal; 73. Mounting flange; 8. Swing seat; 91. Adjusting rod; 92. Locking nut; 10. Tank body; 11. Mounting bracket; 12. 13. Gearbox; 14. Mechanical seal; 15. Detection components; 16. Temperature sensor; 17. pH sensor; 18. Viscosity sensor; 19. Ultrasonic level gauge; 10. Pressure sensor; 11. Motor vibration sensor; 12. Gearbox temperature sensor; 13. Mechanical seal leakage sensor; 14. Spare sensor interface; 15. Control unit; 16. PLC control module; 17. Frequency converter module; 18. Electrical control components; 19. Wiring connectors; 10. Control cabinet. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Depend on Figure 1 Combination Figure 2-11 As shown, a stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste includes a frame 1, and further includes: Drive element 2 is mounted on frame 1; the drive element can be a motor, cylinder, or hydraulic cylinder. The stirring shaft 3 is mounted on the driving element 2 and is driven to rotate by the driving element 2, and is used to be inserted into the tank 10 from the side of the tank 10. The first agitator 4 is mounted on the agitator shaft 3 and is linked to the agitator shaft 3. The first agitator 4 is provided with agitator blades 41 for agitating materials. The anti-winding structure 5, linked to the stirring shaft 3, is used to prevent debris from entangled on the first agitator 4. The beneficial effects of this invention are that the first agitator provides excellent axial mixing of materials during operation, improving mixing uniformity and stability. The anti-winding structure prevents debris from entangled on the blades, thus reducing equipment maintenance frequency and improving mixing stability. This invention also has advantages such as simple structure, convenient assembly, reliable operation, and long service life. Further explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings: Generally, an installation port is provided on the lower part of the tank side wall. The side-entry agitator is horizontally embedded into the tank through the installation port, and the stirring shaft extends into the tank. When the power is connected, the motor (drive element) starts, and the belt reducer operates, driving the stirring shaft to rotate. The auxiliary stirring paddle (second stirrer), the main stirring paddle (first stirrer), and the anti-winding structure rotate together with the stirring shaft. The auxiliary stirring paddle draws material from the tank flange and pushes it towards the anti-winding structure. The anti-winding structure guides long strips of debris or fibers to the cutting edge, where the serrated cutting edge rotates with the stirring shaft to cut the debris, preventing it from entangled in the paddle. The first stirrer then draws the cut material and pushes it to the opposite side of the middle of the fermentation tank (tank body). A symmetrically arranged side-entry stirrer pushes the material from the opposite side, causing the material inside the tank to circulate. The circulated material is then cut again by the anti-winding component and returned to circulation. This invention addresses the problems of poor stirring stability, uneven mixing, detection lag, and difficulty in control in existing technologies. By optimizing the structure of the stirring device, this invention improves stirring uniformity and fermentation efficiency, achieves precise control of the stirring process, and enables long-term stable operation of the stirring process.

[0029] The present invention also includes a second stirrer 6, disposed on the stirring shaft 3; the first stirrer 4 and the second stirrer 6 are alternately arranged, the first stirrer 4 is a propeller-type stirrer, and the second stirrer 6 is an anchor-type stirrer, and the anti-winding structure 5 is disposed between the first stirrer 4 and the second stirrer 6. In fact, a second stirrer can be provided in both Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In practice, the first and second stirrers can be combined into a group, and multiple groups can be arranged on one stirring shaft, with the first and second stirrers being staggered. Specifically, the diameter of the stirring blades is 8-10 times the diameter of the stirring shaft, and the distance between the tip of the second stirrer's blade and the inner wall of the tank is 5-10 cm. The stirring device of this invention can be evenly distributed circumferentially on the tank (or symmetrically arranged when only two are used). Combined with the staggered first and second stirrers, it effectively shortens the stirring shaft length, reduces vibration amplitude, expands the stirring coverage area, and reduces stirring dead zones. The anchor-type auxiliary stirring paddle (second stirrer) is positioned close to the inner wall of the tank, preventing material accumulation at the flange mounting point. The propeller-type main stirring paddle (first stirrer) enhances the axial mixing effect of the material, synergistically improving stirring uniformity. Experimental verification shows that the material mixing uniformity is more than 30% higher than that of traditional top-entry stirring. This invention prevents material accumulation at the flange mounting point on the inner wall of the tank, increases drainage and circulation volume, enhances mixing effect, shortens the stirring shaft length, reduces vibration amplitude, expands the stirring coverage area, reduces stirring dead zones, and synergistically improves stirring uniformity.

[0030] The anti-winding structure 5 includes: The fixed sleeve 51 is mounted on the stirring shaft 3 and is linked to the stirring shaft 3; The combing rod 52 is radially disposed on the fixed sleeve 51 and is used to guide the winding of the first agitator 4. The cutting blade 53, mounted on the combing rod 52 and adapted to the rotation direction of the stirring blade 41, is used for cutting long strip-shaped debris. In this invention, the combing rod and the cutting blade of the anti-entanglement component work together. The combing rod can guide the entangled long strip-shaped debris to the cutting blade, and the serrated cutting blade rotates with the stirring shaft to cut the debris, avoiding the debris from entangled in the blade and affecting the stirring performance, and reducing the frequency of equipment maintenance.

[0031] The cutting blade 53 is elongated and arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 3. Multiple cutting blades 53 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the fixing sleeve 51. Both sides of each cutting blade 53 have serrated cutting portions 531. The distance between the cutting blade 53 and the stirring blade 41 is 2-3 cm. Specifically, the combing rod is made of elastic metal material, such as spring steel (65Mn, 50CrVA), and its surface is coated with an anti-stick coating. In this invention, the multiple, elongated cutting blades facilitate the cutting of food debris. The serrated cutting portions rotate with the stirring shaft to cut debris, preventing debris from entangled in the blades and affecting stirring performance, reducing equipment maintenance frequency, and lowering maintenance costs by 40%.

[0032] The first agitator 4 includes multiple agitator blades 41, each blade 41 having an anti-winding structure 5. The anti-winding structure 5 is a serrated portion 54 located on the edge of the agitator blade 41 for cutting. The main difference between Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 lies in the anti-winding structure. Embodiment 1's anti-winding structure includes a fixing sleeve, a combing rod, and a cutting blade along the axial direction of the agitator shaft. Embodiment 2's anti-winding structure mainly adds serrated portions to the agitator blades. In fact, the serrated portion anti-winding method can be used simultaneously with the fixed sleeve, combing rod, and cutting blade anti-winding method in Embodiment 1. The serrated portion allows the agitator blades to cut debris as they rotate with the agitator shaft, preventing debris from entangled in the blades and affecting agitation performance, reducing equipment maintenance frequency, improving agitation uniformity and fermentation efficiency, and achieving long-term stable operation of the agitation process.

[0033] The agitator has multiple agitator blades, each with serrated edges for cutting. The serrations are 10-15 mm wide and 10-20 mm deep. The agitator 4 is a variable cross-section propeller agitator. Specifically, the agitator diameter is the distance from the rotation center to the farthest point of the agitator blade. The width of the root of the agitator blade near its rotation center is 0.08-0.12 times the agitator diameter, with 0.1 times being selected in practice. The width of the tip of the agitator blade away from the rotation center is 0.23-0.38 times the agitator diameter, with 0.25-0.35 times being selected in practice. More specifically, the agitator blades are arranged in a fan shape. The angle between the root of the agitator blade and its horizontal plane is α, and the angle between the tip of the agitator blade and its horizontal plane is b. Angle α is 35-43°, and angle b is 20-28°. The hub angle of the agitator is approximately 39 degrees. Specifically, the agitation diameter of the agitator blades is 10-14 times the diameter of the agitator shaft, typically 10-12 times. The distance between the shaft length of the agitator shaft within the tank and the inner wall of the tank is 9-15 times the agitation diameter. The agitator of this invention adopts a three-bladed variable cross-section propeller structure, which is axial flow propulsion type. The blades are fan-shaped, resulting in a large discharge and circulation volume, providing both suction and propulsion functions. It also features low power consumption and reduced investment costs. The serrated edges can be used to cut long strips of debris or fibers, preventing them from entangled in the agitator. The agitator blades in one embodiment of this invention can also adopt this structure.

[0034] The stirring shaft 3 is equipped with a material-carrying maintenance device 7, which includes a sealing seat 71, a screw plug 72, and a mounting flange 73 for easy installation. The sealing seat 71 is located on the mounting flange 73, and the screw plug 72 has a first position where it is separated from the sealing seat during installation and a second position where it cooperates with the sealing seat 71 to seal. This invention's material-carrying maintenance device offers significant advantages for online inspection or maintenance with material: when the internal and external threads are tightened, the two smooth slopes (the first and second slopes) fit tightly together and are sealed with an O-ring (sealant). This allows for inspection and maintenance of the stirring equipment (such as mechanical seals and reducers) without entering the tank or emptying the material. Compared to other material-carrying maintenance device structures, the sealing effect is more reliable, the equipment inspection and maintenance efficiency is high, and maintenance costs are reduced by 36%.

[0035] The screw plug 72 is mounted on the stirring shaft 3 and is linked to the stirring shaft 3. The sealing seat 71 is provided with an internal thread, and the screw plug 72 is provided with an external thread that matches the internal thread on the sealing seat 71. The sealing seat 71 is provided with a first inclined surface 711, and the screw plug 72 is provided with a second inclined surface 721 and a sealing element 722. When the screw plug 72 is in its second position, the second inclined surface 721 is in contact with the first inclined surface 711 and is sealed by the sealing element 722. When the equipment is being repaired or the mechanical seal is being replaced, the belt cover, large pulley, and bearing housing on the frame of the belt reducer are removed. The agitator shaft is then pulled outward and rotated. The plug moves outward along with the agitator shaft. After the threads on the plug are tightened with the internal and external threads on the sealing seat, the plug and the first and second inclined surfaces on the sealing seat fit tightly together and are sealed with an O-ring (seal). The plug is then tightened and fixed with the internal and external threads. This allows for online inspection or maintenance with material on, enabling the agitator to be inspected or maintained without entering the tank or emptying the material. The operation is simple and convenient.

[0036] The drive element 2 is mounted on a swing seat 8, which is oscillatingly mounted on a frame 1. An adjusting rod 91 is provided on the frame 1, connected to the swing seat 8 and used to adjust the deflection angle of the drive element 2 via the swing seat. The adjusting rod 91 is limited by a locking nut 92. In this invention, the motor is mounted on the swing seat, and the swing of the drive element can be adjusted via the adjusting rod, thereby adjusting the clearance and tension of the large and small pulleys in the belt reducer, reducing equipment maintenance time. This makes the product easy to install, allows for quick adjustment of the clearance and tension of the large and small pulleys, reduces equipment maintenance time by 50%, and reduces labor costs by 45%. The belt reducer-driven stirring shaft has low initial investment, low equipment failure rate, and is easy to maintain; compared to gear reducers, it reduces economic costs by 30% and maintenance costs by 32%.

[0037] A mixing tank includes a tank body 10, a mounting frame 11, and the aforementioned mixing device for anaerobic fermentation of food waste. The frame 1 is mounted on the mounting frame 11. The mixing shaft 3 is inserted obliquely into the tank body 10, forming an angle c with the horizontal plane, where the angle c is 9-13°. The angle d between the axis of the mixing shaft 3 and the diameter direction of the tank body 10 is 5-8°. The drive element 2 is connected to the mixing shaft 3 via a reducer 12 and a mechanical seal 13. The mounting frame of this invention uses a two-legged, figure-eight support frame welded from channel steel or square tubing, providing stable and secure support. Specifically, the belt reducer and mechanical seal can be implemented using existing technologies. Due to the characteristics of the food waste material and the variations in the fermentation system, this ensures the uniformity of material mixing and fermentation efficiency, achieving long-term stable operation of the mixing process. The mixing shaft of this invention is inserted from the side of the fermentation tank (tank body), increasing the drainage and circulation volume, while simultaneously expanding the mixing coverage area, reducing dead zones, and synergistically improving mixing uniformity. The anti-winding structure makes it less likely for debris to get tangled in the stirring blades as they rotate with the stirring shaft. It also makes it easier to cut long strips of debris, preventing debris from getting tangled in the blades and affecting the stirring performance, reducing the frequency of equipment maintenance, improving stirring uniformity and fermentation efficiency, and enabling long-term stable operation of the stirring process.

[0038] In practice, the tank of this invention is equipped with a detection component (data acquisition box) and a control unit. The detection component (data acquisition box) includes a temperature sensor, a pH sensor, a viscosity sensor, an ultrasonic level gauge, a pressure sensor, a motor vibration sensor, a reducer temperature sensor, and a mechanical seal leakage sensor. Specifically, the temperature sensor, pH sensor, and viscosity sensor are all embedded through detection ports on the side wall of the tank, with their detection ends extending into the tank and located within the working area of ​​the agitator. The ultrasonic level gauge is located at the top of the tank for detecting the liquid level of the material inside the tank. The pressure sensor is located at the bottom of the tank for detecting the pressure of the material inside the tank, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control unit. The motor vibration sensor is located on the motor housing. The vibration sensor is used to detect motor vibration and is connected to the control unit. The gearbox temperature sensor is located on the gearbox housing and is used to detect gearbox temperature; it is also connected to the control unit. The mechanical seal leakage (water, slurry) sensor is located on the housing directly below the frame flange and is used to detect mechanical seal leakage; it is connected to the control unit. The control unit (electrical control cabinet) includes a PLC controller, frequency converter module, electrical control components, wiring connectors, and control cabinet; it typically also includes a DCS system interface. The control unit is electrically connected to the drive motor, temperature sensor, pH sensor, viscosity sensor, ultrasonic level gauge, pressure sensor, motor vibration sensor, gearbox temperature sensor, and mechanical seal leakage sensor. The control unit has a built-in PLC control module and frequency converter module; the frequency converter module is connected to the drive motor to adjust its speed. This invention enables real-time detection and precise control: it constructs a multi-parameter collaborative detection mechanism covering key fermentation parameters such as temperature, pH, and viscosity; and achieves real-time data processing and dynamic control of stirring parameters through a control unit, avoiding local acidification or insufficient mass transfer caused by improper stirring intensity, thereby improving the fermentation gas production rate. Simultaneously, it enables remote control data acquisition, allowing users to know the operating status of the stirring equipment without going to the site, covering key parameters such as operating current, motor vibration, reducer temperature, and mechanical seal leakage, enabling remote control and on-site status monitoring, health assessment, fault diagnosis, and performance prediction.

[0039] A detection method includes a tank 10, a detection component 14, a control unit 15, and the aforementioned stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste. The detection steps are as follows: Step 1: Initialization settings: The temperature, pH, viscosity and liquid level of the material in the tank 10 are preset by the control unit 15, and the initial speed and stirring cycle of the drive element 2 are set. Step 2: The mixing process is started. The fermented food waste material is put into the tank 10. The control unit 15 starts the drive element 2, which drives the mixing shaft 3 and the first agitator 4 to rotate through the reducer 12 to mix the material. At the same time, the anti-tangling structure 5 rotates synchronously with the mixing shaft 3, the combing rod 52 combs the material, and the cutting blade 53 cuts the tangled debris. Step 3: The temperature sensor, pH sensor and viscosity sensor in the detection component 14 collect the temperature, pH value and viscosity data of the material in the tank 10 in real time, the ultrasonic level gauge collects the material level data in real time, and the pressure sensor collects the tank bottom pressure data in real time. All detection data are transmitted to the control unit. Step 4: Data processing and judgment. The control unit 15 filters the received detection data to remove interference signals, and then compares the processed data with a preset threshold to judge the stirring effect and the state of the fermentation system. The control unit 15 uses a weighted average algorithm to filter the detection data, with the weighting coefficients for temperature, pH value and viscosity being 0.3, 0.4 and 0.3, respectively. Step 5: Adjusting stirring parameters. If the detected data exceeds the preset threshold, the control unit 15 adjusts the speed of the drive element through the frequency converter module to change the stirring intensity of the first stirrer 4, and records the changing trend of the control parameters and the corresponding detected data. The adjustment range of the speed of the drive element 2 is determined according to the deviation between the detected data and the preset value. When the deviation is within 5%, the speed adjustment range is 5-10 r / min; when the deviation is between 5% and 10%, the speed adjustment range is 10-20 r / min; when the deviation is greater than 10%, the speed adjustment range is 20-30 r / min. Step 6: Abnormal warning and handling. When the detection data exceeds the preset threshold for 10-15 minutes, or the change in two adjacent detection data is greater than 20%, the control unit 15 issues an abnormal warning signal and automatically reduces the speed of the drive element 2 to a safe range, while outputting an abnormal data report. Step 7: Cyclic Detection and Control. Repeat steps 3-6 to achieve real-time detection and dynamic control of the stirring process until the anaerobic fermentation process ends. The method of this invention enables real-time detection and precise control: a multi-parameter collaborative detection mechanism is constructed, covering key fermentation parameters such as temperature, pH, and viscosity. Data processing and dynamic control of stirring parameters are achieved through a control unit, avoiding localized acidification or insufficient mass transfer caused by improper stirring intensity, thus increasing the fermentation gas production rate by more than 25%. Remote control data acquisition: the operating status of the stirring equipment can be known without going to the site, covering key parameters such as operating current, motor vibration value, reducer temperature, and mechanical seal leakage, enabling remote control and on-site status monitoring, health assessment, fault diagnosis, and performance prediction. High safety and reliability: an abnormality warning and automatic protection mechanism are set up. When abnormal detection data occurs, a warning can be issued in a timely manner and stirring parameters can be adjusted to a safe range to avoid equipment damage and fermentation accidents, improving the safety of the entire process.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0042] Please note to all technical personnel: Although the present invention has been described according to the specific embodiments above, the inventive concept of the present invention is not limited to this invention. Any modifications that utilize the inventive concept will be included within the scope of protection of the patent rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: Also include: Drive element (2) is arranged on the frame (1); Stirring shaft (3) is arranged on the drive element (2) and is driven by the drive element (2) to rotate, for inserting into the tank (10) from the side of the tank (10); The first agitator (4) is arranged on the stirring shaft (3) and is linked with the stirring shaft (3), and the first agitator (4) is provided with stirring blades (41) for material stirring; Anti-winding structure (5) is linked with the stirring shaft (3), which is used to avoid winding sundries on the first agitator (4).

2. The stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that Also include the second agitator (6) is arranged on the stirring shaft (3); the first agitator (4) and the second agitator (6) are alternately arranged, the first agitator (4) is a propeller type agitator, the second agitator (6) is an anchor type agitator, and the anti-winding structure (5) is arranged between the first agitator (4) and the second agitator (6).

3. The stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that The anti-winding structure (5) comprises: Fixed sleeve (51) is arranged on the stirring shaft (3) and is linked with the stirring shaft (3); The combing rod (52) is arranged on the fixed sleeve (51) along the radial direction of the fixed sleeve (51) and is used to guide the winding of the first agitator (4); The cutting edge (53) is arranged on the combing rod (52) and is matched with the rotating direction of the stirring blade (41), and is used to cut the long strip sundries.

4. The stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that The cutting edge (53) is arranged in a strip shape and along the axial direction of the stirring shaft (3), the cutting edge (53) has a plurality of cutting edges and is circumferentially distributed on the fixed sleeve (51); the cutting edge (53) is provided with a sawtooth cutting part (531) on both sides; the cutting edge (53) and the stirring blade (41) are spaced apart by 2-3 cm.

5. The stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that The first agitator (4) comprises a plurality of stirring blades (41), each stirring blade (41) is provided with an anti-winding structure (5), and the anti-winding structure (5) is a sawtooth part (54) arranged on the edge of the stirring blade (41) for cutting.

6. The stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that The stirring shaft (3) is provided with a material belt maintenance device (7), the material belt maintenance device (7) comprises a sealing seat (71), a screw plug (72) and an installation flange (73) for easy installation, the sealing seat (71) is arranged on the installation flange (73), and the screw plug (72) has a first position separated from the sealing seat during installation and a second position matched with the sealing seat (71) for sealing.

7. The stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 6, characterized in that The screw plug (72) is arranged on the stirring shaft (3) and is linked with the stirring shaft (3), the sealing seat (71) is provided with an internal thread, and the screw plug (72) is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread of the sealing seat (71); the sealing seat (71) is provided with a first inclined surface (711), the screw plug (72) is provided with a second inclined surface (721) and a sealing element (722), and the second inclined surface (721) is matched with the first inclined surface (711) when the screw plug (72) is in the second position and is sealed by the sealing element (722).

8. The stirring device for anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that The driving element (2) is arranged on the swing seat (8), the swing seat (8) is swingably arranged on the frame (1), the frame (1) is provided with an adjusting rod (91), the adjusting rod (91) is connected with the swing seat (8) and is used for adjusting the deflection angle of the driving element (2) through the swing seat, and the adjusting rod (91) is limited through the locking nut (92).

9. A stirred tank characterized by: The kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation stirring device comprises a tank body (10), a mounting frame (11) and the stirring device according to any one of claims 1-8, the frame (1) is arranged on the mounting frame (11), the stirring shaft (3) is inserted into the tank body (10) at an angle and forms an angle c with the horizontal plane, the angle c is 9-13°, the angle d between the axis of the stirring shaft (3) and the diameter direction of the tank body (10) is 5-8°, and the driving element (2) is connected with the stirring shaft (3) through the speed reducer (12) and the mechanical seal (13).

10. A method of detection, characterized by: The kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation stirring device comprises a tank body (10), a detection assembly (14), a control unit (15) and the stirring device according to any one of claims 1-8, and the detection step is as follows: Step 1: initialization setting, presetting the temperature value, pH value, viscosity value and liquid level value of the material in the tank body (10) through the control unit (15), setting the initial rotating speed of the driving element (2) and the stirring period; Step 2: starting the stirring process, putting the kitchen waste fermentation material into the tank body (10), starting the driving element (2) through the control unit (15), driving the stirring shaft (3) and the first stirrer (4) to rotate through the speed reducer (12), preventing the winding structure (5) from rotating synchronously with the stirring shaft (3), combing the material through the combing rod (52) and cutting the winding sundries through the cutting blade (53); Step 3: the temperature sensor, pH sensor and viscosity sensor in the detection assembly (14) respectively collect the temperature, pH value and viscosity data of the material in the tank body (10) in real time, the ultrasonic liquid level meter collects the material liquid level data in real time, and the pressure sensor collects the tank bottom pressure data in real time, and all detection data are transmitted to the control unit; Step 4: data processing and judgment, the control unit (15) carries out filtering processing on the received detection data, removes the interference signal, then compares the processed data with the preset threshold value, judges the stirring effect and the fermentation system state, the control unit (15) carries out filtering processing on the detection data by using the weighted average algorithm, and the weight coefficients of the temperature, pH value and viscosity are respectively 0.3, 0.4 and 0.

3. Step 5: Stirring parameter regulation, if the detection data exceeds the preset threshold, the control unit (15) adjusts the rotation speed of the driving element through the frequency conversion module to change the stirring intensity of the first stirrer (4), and records the change trend of the regulation parameters and the corresponding detection data; the adjustment range of the rotation speed of the driving element (2) is determined according to the deviation value of the detection data from the preset value, when the deviation value is within 5%, the rotation speed adjustment range is 5-10r / min; when the deviation value is between 5%-10%, the rotation speed adjustment range is 10-20r / min; when the deviation value is greater than 10%, the rotation speed adjustment range is 20-30r / min; Step 6: Abnormal early warning and processing, when the detection data exceeds the preset threshold for 10-15min, or the change amplitude of the adjacent two detection data is greater than 20%, the control unit (15) sends an abnormal early warning signal, and automatically reduces the rotation speed of the driving element (2) to the safety range, and outputs an abnormal data report; Step 7: Cycle detection and regulation, repeat steps 3-6 to realize real-time detection and dynamic regulation of the stirring process until the anaerobic fermentation process is completed.

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