Overwater large-tonnage support structure and construction method

Abstract

The invention provides an overwater large-tonnage support structure and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of bridge construction. The support structure is a friction pendulum spherical steel support and specifically comprises a lower supporting assembly, a spherical crown assembly and an upper supporting assembly. Wherein one side of the lower supporting assembly is pre-buried in pier top concrete and located below a pier top pre-buried steel plate; the spherical crown assembly is arranged on the lower supporting assembly, and one side of the spherical crown assembly makes contact with the convex spherical surface on the other side of the lower supporting assembly and is tightly attached to the convex spherical surface to form a first spherical rotating pair. The upper supporting assembly is arranged on the spherical crown assembly, one side of the upper supporting assembly is connected with the other side of the spherical crown assembly to form a second spherical rotating pair, and the other side of the upper supporting assembly is connected with an embedded steel plate at the bottom of a beam body. According to the method provided by the invention, the overall quality of the overwater large-tonnage steel support structure can be improved, and the mounting precision and efficiency as well as the construction safety and efficiency of the support structure can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge construction technology, and in particular to a large-tonnage support structure and construction method for waterborne structures. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the global economy, long-span cable-stayed bridges spanning seas and rivers have seen explosive growth. This has placed new demands on the supports connecting the piers and the bridge beams. The larger the span, the greater the load on the supports; this requires high overall structural quality of the supports, and the safe, efficient, and precise installation of large-tonnage supports has become a construction challenge. In actual construction, special difficult conditions are often encountered, such as the limited load-bearing capacity of trestle bridges during underwater construction, which cannot directly support the weight of large supports and their hoisting equipment. This presents a significant challenge to the installation of the supports, and traditional support structures and installation methods often fail to meet the requirements in such situations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a large-tonnage bearing structure and construction method for waterborne structures, so as to improve the quality of bearings in long-span cable-stayed bridges spanning the sea and rivers, while improving construction accuracy, efficiency and safety, and reducing construction costs.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A large-tonnage support structure for waterborne applications, wherein the support structure is a friction pendulum spherical steel support, comprising: The lower support assembly is embedded in the concrete at the top of the pier on one side and is located below the steel plate embedded at the top of the pier. A spherical crown assembly, wherein the spherical crown assembly is disposed on the lower support assembly, and one side of the spherical crown assembly contacts and tightly fits the convex spherical surface of the other side of the lower support assembly to form a first spherical rotational pair; and An upper support assembly is disposed on the spherical crown assembly. One side of the upper support assembly is connected to the other side of the spherical crown assembly to form a second spherical rotation pair. The other side of the upper support assembly is connected to the pre-embedded steel plate at the bottom of the beam.

[0005] In one embodiment, the lower support component includes: The lower embedded plate is embedded in the concrete at the top of the pier, and multiple lower anchor rods are evenly connected to both sides of the lower embedded plate. A base plate, which is detachably mounted on the lower embedded plate; and The lower support plate has its edge fixedly connected to the base plate by anchor bolts, and a first concave spherical surface is provided on the other side of the lower support plate.

[0006] In one embodiment, the crown assembly includes: A spherical crown, wherein one side of the spherical crown has a first convex spherical surface, which fits against a first concave spherical surface on the other side of the lower support assembly to form a first revolute joint; the other side of the spherical crown has a second convex spherical surface; and the edge of the spherical crown is sealed and fixed to the lower support assembly by a sealing ring. The wear-resistant plate is installed on the second convex spherical surface by means of adhesive or mechanical fixation.

[0007] In one embodiment, the upper support component includes: An upper support plate, which covers the spherical crown assembly, and one side of the upper support plate is provided with a second concave spherical surface that fits against the second convex spherical surface of the wear-resistant plate in the spherical crown assembly, forming a second rotating pair; and An upper embedded plate is provided on the upper support plate, and the two sides of the upper embedded plate are fixedly connected to the upper support plate by a series of evenly arranged upper anchor rods.

[0008] In one embodiment, a connecting plate is provided on the same side of the bottom plate and the upper support plate in the lower support assembly, and the two ends of the connecting plate are fixedly connected to the bottom plate and the upper support plate in the lower support assembly, respectively. In one embodiment, the large-tonnage support structure for waterborne applications further includes a dustproof enclosure, which is installed around the upper support plate.

[0009] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a construction method for a large-tonnage support structure on water, comprising the following steps: Lifting platform structure design: Based on the crane parameters, the main trestle and the auxiliary trestle are widened to meet the needs of crane travel and lifting operations; The pier body is poured and pre-reserved holes are set; Lifting and installation of each component of the support structure: According to the preset crane travel route, each component of the support is lifted to the predetermined position on the lifting platform and then installed.

[0010] In one embodiment, the preset crane travel route is obtained by simulating the crane's travel based on crane parameters.

[0011] In one embodiment, the main trestle and auxiliary trestle are widened according to crane parameters, including: A first spiral steel pipe pile is installed at the connection between the main trestle bridge and the branch trestle bridge. The second spiral steel pipe piles are arranged at a certain interval. Double-segmented I-beam load-bearing beams are installed on the second spiral steel pipe piles. I-beam distribution beams and the first bridge deck are laid on the double-segmented I-beam load-bearing beams. Second spiral steel pipe piles are installed on both sides of the trestle bridge, and I-beam load-bearing beams are installed. The I-beam load-bearing beams are arranged longitudinally, and the top surface elevation of the I-beam load-bearing beams is flush with the Bailey beam elevation of the trestle bridge. The trestle bridge deck is removed, and the original trestle bridge transverse distribution beam is extended to the second spiral steel pipe piles and the second bridge deck is laid.

[0012] In one embodiment, installing the components of the support includes the following steps: The lower embedded plate and bottom plate of the support are installed: After the pier body construction is completed, the lower end of the lower embedded plate and the lower anchor rod are embedded in the reserved hole in the concrete at the top of the pier, and the pad stone concrete is poured at the upper end of the lower embedded plate and the bottom plate is installed. Install the lower support plate of the support: clean the groove surface on the base plate, apply silicone grease evenly to the groove surface, hoist the lower support plate as a whole into the groove of the base plate and fix it. Install the spherical crown and wear-resistant plate of the support: Apply silicone grease evenly to the first concave spherical surface of the lower support plate, and install the spherical crown and wear-resistant plate in sequence. Apply silicone grease to the wear-resistant plate and put on a sealing ring. Install the upper support plate of the support: Before hoisting, check the plane position, elevation, and height difference of the four corners of the upper support plate, and after all parameters meet the requirements, hoist it onto the wear-resistant plate and fix it by the connecting plate; Install the upper embedded plate of the support: After cleaning the debris on the top surface of the upper support plate, align the anchor bolt holes of the upper embedded plate with the anchor bolt holes of the upper support plate, fix them with anchor bolts and sleeves, and install anchor bolt rods on both sides of the upper embedded plate. Install the dustproof enclosure of the support: After the continuous beam construction is completed, install the dustproof enclosure around the upper support plate with nuts and screws.

[0013] The above-described solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The above-described solution of the present invention provides a large-tonnage bearing structure and construction method for waterborne bridges. The bearing structure specifically includes: a lower support assembly, a spherical crown assembly, and an upper support assembly. One side of the lower support assembly is pre-embedded in the concrete at the top of the pier and is located below the pre-embedded steel plate at the top of the pier. The spherical crown assembly is disposed on the lower support assembly, and one side of the spherical crown assembly contacts and tightly fits the convex spherical surface of the other side of the lower support assembly to form a first spherical rotational joint. The upper support assembly is disposed on the spherical crown assembly, and one side of the upper support assembly connects to the other side of the spherical crown assembly to form a second spherical rotational joint. The other side of the upper support assembly is connected to the pre-embedded steel plate at the bottom of the beam, forming a prefabricated bridge cast-in-place joint. The large-tonnage steel bearing structure and construction method for waterborne bridges provided by the present invention can improve the safety of large-span bridges on water, while also improving the installation accuracy, efficiency, and construction safety of the large-tonnage bearing structure. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the large-tonnage support structure for waterborne applications provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lower embedded plate provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the base plate provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the lower support plate provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a spherical crown provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the upper support plate provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the upper anchor rod (lower anchor rod) provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the upper embedded plate provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connection between the lower embedded plate and the lower anchor rod provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the base plate mounting provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lower support plate installation provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a spherical crown installation provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the upper support plate installation provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting plate installation provided in an optional embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of four crane outriggers added to the two outer sides of the trestle bridge according to an optional embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Explanation of reference numerals: 100, support structure; 1, lower embedded plate; 2, base plate; 3, lower support plate; 4, spherical crown; 5, wear-resistant plate; 6, upper support plate; 7, upper embedded plate; 8, connecting plate; 9, dustproof enclosure; 10, upper anchor rod; 11, lower anchor rod. Detailed Implementation

[0016] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0017] In the following description, certain specific details are set forth for the purpose of illustrating various disclosed embodiments in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various disclosed embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known apparatuses, structures, and techniques associated with this application may not have been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments.

[0018] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the appearance of "in an embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in any manner in one or more embodiments.

[0019] In the following description, numerous directional terms will be used to clearly illustrate the structure and operation of the present invention. However, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "front," "rear," "left," "right," "outer," "inner," "outward," "inward," "upper," and "lower" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0021] like Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a large-tonnage support structure 100 for waterborne applications. The support structure 100 is a friction pendulum spherical steel support, specifically comprising a lower support assembly, a spherical crown assembly, and an upper support assembly. The lower support assembly is embedded in the concrete at the top of the pier on one side and is located below the embedded steel plate at the top of the pier. The spherical crown assembly is disposed on the lower support assembly, with one side of the spherical crown assembly contacting and tightly fitting the convex spherical surface on the other side of the lower support assembly to form a first spherical rotational pair. The upper support assembly is disposed on the spherical crown assembly, with one side of the upper support assembly connecting to the other side of the spherical crown assembly to form a second spherical rotational pair, and the other side of the upper support assembly connecting to the embedded steel plate at the bottom of the beam.

[0022] In this embodiment, the upper support component is anchored to the bottom of the bridge beam, one side of the lower support component is pre-embedded in the top of the bridge pier, and the spherical crown component is set between the upper support component and the lower support component. The upper support component, the spherical crown component and the lower support component are all made of steel sections, and the components in each component can be detachably connected. On the one hand, this can meet the high requirements of long-span bridges for bearing capacity, and on the other hand, it facilitates transportation and hoisting, effectively solving the problem of limited bearing capacity of water trestle bridges.

[0023] See Figures 2 to 4 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the lower support assembly may include a lower embedded plate 1, a base plate 2, and a lower support plate 3. The lower embedded plate 1 is embedded in the concrete at the top of the pier, and multiple lower anchor rods 11 are evenly connected to both sides of the lower embedded plate 1. The base plate 2 is detachably installed on the lower embedded plate 1. The edge of the lower support plate 3 is fixedly connected to the base plate 2 by anchor bolts, and a first concave spherical surface is provided on the other side of the lower support plate 3.

[0024] Here, the lower embedded plate 1 is embedded in the concrete at the top of the pier to fix the lower support plate 3 and the bottom plate 2, providing a stable support foundation for the support structure and thus improving the load-bearing capacity and stability of the support structure. Lower anchor rods 11 are anchored to both sides of the lower embedded plate 1, and the bottom plate 2 is fixed to the top of the pier through the anchor rods 11. The lower support plate 3 is installed above the bottom plate 2 and in close contact with it. The embedded plate 1, the bottom plate 2, and the lower support plate 3 fit together tightly to form the overall structure of the lower support assembly. Simultaneously, in conjunction with the lower anchor rods 11, the load of the support structure is evenly transferred to the pier structure to prevent displacement and overturning of the support structure under load, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the bridge. Preferably, the lower support plate 3 adopts a four-limb assembly sling (4 M56 eye bolts) design, which facilitates prefabrication in the factory and on-site hoisting, improving construction efficiency and installation accuracy.

[0025] See Figures 6 to 8In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the upper support assembly includes an upper support plate 6 and an upper embedded plate 7. The upper support plate 6 covers the spherical crown assembly, and one side of the upper support plate 6 has a second concave spherical surface that fits against the second convex spherical surface of the wear-resistant plate in the spherical crown assembly, forming a second rotating pair. The upper embedded plate 7 is disposed on the upper support plate 6, and both sides of the upper embedded plate 7 are fixedly connected to the upper support plate 6 by uniformly arranged upper anchor rods 10.

[0026] In this embodiment, the upper embedded plate 7 is connected to the embedded steel plate at the bottom of the beam and anchored by multiple upper anchor rods 10; the upper support plate 6 is located below the upper embedded plate 7 and is fixed to the upper embedded plate 7 by upper anchor rods 10 on both sides of the upper embedded plate 7, so as to transfer the weight and load of the beam to the lower support assembly. After the upper support plate 6 is hoisted into place, its planar position, elevation, and four-corner height difference are adjusted manually with the help of a crane, which can accurately control the installation position and posture of the support, ensuring a tight fit between the support and the beam and effective force transmission. Preferably, the upper support plate 6 can also be an upper embedded plate assembly with four-limb assembly slings (4 M42 eye bolts), which is convenient for factory prefabrication and on-site installation, improving construction efficiency.

[0027] See Figure 5 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the spherical crown assembly includes a spherical crown 4 and a wear-resistant plate 5. A first convex spherical surface is provided on one side of the spherical crown 4, which fits against a first concave spherical surface on the other side of the lower support assembly to form a first rotating pair. A second convex spherical surface is provided on the other side of the spherical crown 4, and the edge of the spherical crown 4 is sealed and fixed to the lower support assembly by a sealing ring. The wear-resistant plate 5 is mounted on the second convex spherical surface by an adhesive or mechanical fixing method.

[0028] Here, the spherical crown 4 is located between the lower support plate 3 and the upper support plate 6. The convex spherical surfaces on both sides of the spherical crown 4 contact the first concave spherical surface at the upper end of the lower support plate 3 and the second concave spherical surface at the lower end of the upper support plate 6, respectively, forming a spherical revolute pair. This allows the upper support component of the support structure to rotate within a certain angle range, thereby adapting to the expansion and rotation requirements of the bridge under the influence of temperature changes, train braking forces, etc. Furthermore, the convex spherical design of the spherical crown 4 gives the support structure good multi-directional rotation performance, which can effectively release the internal stress of the bridge structure, reduce the additional stress and damage caused by deformation of the bridge, and thus extend the service life of the bridge.

[0029] Wear-resistant plate 5 is installed on spherical crown 4. Preferably, the shape of wear-resistant plate 5 matches that of spherical crown 4 so as to contact the second concave spherical surface at the lower end of upper support plate 6. Preferably, wear-resistant plate 5 has high wear resistance and self-lubricating properties. The setting of wear-resistant plate 5 can reduce the coefficient of friction between spherical crown 4 and upper support plate 6, thereby reducing the frictional resistance when the support structure rotates, reducing the wear of the support structure during rotation, reducing maintenance costs, and improving the reliability and durability of the support structure.

[0030] See Figure 14 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, a connecting plate 8 is provided on the same side of the bottom plate 2 and the upper support plate 6 in the lower support assembly, and the two ends of the connecting plate 8 are fixedly connected to the lower support plate 3 and the upper support plate 6 in the lower support assembly, respectively. In this embodiment, multiple connecting plates 8 can be provided. The two ends of the connecting plates 8 are fixedly connected to the bottom plate 2 and the upper support plate 6 in the lower support assembly, respectively, so that the components form a whole, enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the support, prevent the components from relative displacement or loosening during use, and ensure the reliability of the support structure. At the same time, during the installation process, the connecting plates 8 can also limit the upper support plate 6, which facilitates the precise installation and adjustment of the upper support plate 6.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned large-tonnage support structure for water also includes: a dustproof enclosure 9, which is installed around the upper support plate 6; preferably, the dustproof enclosure 9 can be folded up and cover the outside of the components below the upper support plate 6 to prevent external dust, debris and other contaminants from entering the interior of the support structure, reduce the erosion and wear of dust and impurities on its internal structure, thereby reducing the maintenance frequency and cost of the support structure and improving the reliability and service life of the support structure.

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention also provide a construction method for a large-tonnage support structure for waterborne applications. This construction method is mainly applied to the installation of various components in the above-mentioned large-tonnage support structure 100 embodiments for waterborne applications, and specifically includes the following steps: Step 11, Lifting Platform Structure Design: Based on the crane parameters, the main trestle and the auxiliary trestle are widened to meet the requirements of crane travel and lifting operations. Step 12: Cast the pier body and set the reserved holes; Step 13, hoisting and installation of each component of the support structure: hoist each component of the support to the predetermined position on the hoisting platform according to the preset crane travel route and install each component of the support.

[0033] In this embodiment, the main trestle bridge and the auxiliary trestle bridge of the bridge can be widened first according to the specific parameters of the selected crane and the dimensions of each component of the support structure, so as to meet the needs of crane travel and lifting operations and ensure the safety of the lifting process. Here, based on the crane parameters, widening the main trestle and auxiliary trestle can include: Step 111: Install the first spiral steel pipe pile at the connection between the main trestle bridge and the branch trestle bridge. The first spiral steel pipe pile is arranged at a certain interval. Double-segment I-beam load-bearing beams are installed on the first spiral steel pipe piles. I-beam distribution beams and the first bridge deck are laid on the double-segment I-beam load-bearing beams.

[0034] Step 112: Install second spiral steel pipe piles on both sides of the trestle bridge and install I-beam load-bearing beams. The I-beam load-bearing beams are arranged longitudinally, and the top surface elevation of the I-beam load-bearing beams is flush with the Bailey beam elevation of the trestle bridge. Remove the trestle bridge deck, extend the original trestle bridge transverse distribution beams to the first spiral steel pipe piles, and lay the second bridge deck.

[0035] Here, the connection between the main trestle and the branch trestle is widened to accommodate situations where the crane body is larger than the dimensions of the main trestle and the branch trestle. By widening the main trestle and the branch trestle, the problem of hoisting large-tonnage support structures in the limited load-bearing environment of the trestle on the water is solved, providing a stable and reliable working platform for the on-site assembly of the support structure and ensuring the safety and efficiency of the entire construction process.

[0036] Here, taking a main trestle bridge 6 meters wide, a branch trestle bridge 8 meters wide, and a crane weighing 220 tons as an example, in order to ensure that the 220-ton crane can smoothly move into the branch trestle bridge, the connection between the main trestle bridge and the branch trestle bridge is widened, as detailed below: First, a first spiral steel pipe pile can be added at the connection between the main trestle bridge and the branch trestle bridge; specifically, four φ630×10mm first spiral steel pipe piles can be driven into place using piling equipment. Piles were driven into the riverbed at 3.9-meter intervals to the design depth. Then, double-layered I45 H-beam load-bearing beams were installed on the steel pipe piles, and I30 H-beam distribution beams were laid on the double-layered I45 H-beam load-bearing beams. Finally, the first bridge deck was laid on the I30 H-beam distribution beams to ensure that the width at the connection between the main trestle bridge and the auxiliary trestle bridge met the requirements for crane movement and turning. Secondly, new second spiral steel pipe piles are added on both sides of the trestle bridge. Specifically, six φ630×10mm second spiral steel pipe piles are driven into the riverbed to the design depth using piling equipment. Next, three I45 I-beam load-bearing beams are installed on each second spiral steel pipe pile, arranged longitudinally to evenly distribute the concentrated load of the crane outriggers onto the spiral steel pipe piles. Simultaneously, the position of the I-beam load-bearing beams is adjusted so that their top surface elevation is flush with the existing Bailey beam elevation of the trestle bridge, ensuring the flatness and stability of the bridge deck after installation, allowing the crane to move back and forth on the platform and perform lifting operations. Further, the trestle bridge deck is dismantled, and the original transverse distribution beams of the trestle bridge are extended onto the first spiral steel pipe piles. Finally, the second bridge deck is repaved to form a stable lifting platform structure. During the laying process, attention is paid to the flatness and splicing quality of both the first and second bridge decks to prevent unevenness of the bridge deck from causing instability in the crane or additional stress concentration during lifting.

[0037] Here, both the first and second spiral steel pipe piles are selected with a diameter of φ630×10mm, which has sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the load transmitted by the crane outriggers. The length of a single spiral steel pipe pile is not less than 24 meters to ensure that the pile end can be embedded into the stratum to a sufficient depth to provide reliable bearing capacity. Considering the uncertainties of geology, river erosion, and other factors, a layout of 3 spiral steel pipe piles per outrigger point is adopted to further improve the platform's bearing safety factor.

[0038] like Figure 15 As shown, since the distance between the front and rear outriggers of the 220-ton crane is 8.9 meters and the lateral distance is 8.3 meters, and the original support bridge is 8 meters wide, it is necessary to add 4 crane outrigger points Fa, Fb, Fc and Fd along the two outer sides of the support bridge; Based on a lifting capacity of 30 tons, the maximum load transmitted to the crane outriggers under various working conditions is 86.5 tons, meaning the reaction force at the top of the spiral steel pipe pile is 865 kN. Calculate the load borne by each outrigger point (Fa, Fb, Fc, Fd) according to the included angle (the angle between the boom and the horizontal plane, also known as the boom elevation angle, which can be represented by β) under different working conditions: When β=0°, Fa=12.8 tons, Fb=75.8 tons, Fc=75.7 tons, Fd=12.8 tons; When β = 62.898°, Fa = 41.5 tons, Fb = 75.6 tons, Fc = 33.5 tons, and Fd = 26.4 tons; When β=90°, Fa=50.6 tons, Fb=86.5 tons, Fc=14.9 tons, and Fd=25.0 tons.

[0039] Through the above mechanical calculations, the load-bearing capacity and stress distribution of each outrigger of the hoisting platform were determined, providing a scientific basis for the structural design of the platform and ensuring the safety and stability of hoisting operations under various working conditions.

[0040] Furthermore, during the pouring of the bridge pier body, pre-drilled holes are provided to facilitate the subsequent installation of the lower support components of the bearing structure. Preferably, according to the designed location and number of anchor bolt holes, square boxes made of bamboo plywood can be embedded in the top of the pier. The embedment depth of the boxes is 30mm to 40mm deeper than the overall length of the anchor bolts to ensure that the pre-drilled holes are accurately positioned and sufficiently deep.

[0041] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the preset crane travel route is obtained by simulating the crane's travel based on crane parameters; preferably, computer simulation software can be used to simulate the crane travel route, and the crane travel route can be optimized based on the simulation results to improve the stability and safety of the crane's travel; preferably, when simulating the route, a three-dimensional model of the crane, a three-dimensional model of the trestle bridge, and a three-dimensional model of the support can be created in three-dimensional modeling software; and each part, such as the vehicle body, boom, outriggers, Bailey beams, I-beams, spiral steel pipe piles, etc., can be modeled in detail to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the model; Furthermore, the crane's travel route can be set in the model, including key locations such as the start point, end point, and turning points. Based on actual construction requirements, the complete route of the crane from the main trestle bridge to the auxiliary trestle bridge, lifting the supports, and returning is planned, and the crane's travel under different working conditions is simulated, including unloaded travel, travel with a lifting load, and travel at different speeds. Various actions of the crane during travel are set, such as starting, stopping, turning, and boom luffing. Furthermore, the mechanical analysis function of the simulation software is used to calculate the force conditions of various components of the crane during its movement, including wheel pressure, outrigger reaction force, boom tension, and bending moment. The stress state of the trestle bridge during crane movement is analyzed, such as the bending moment, shear force, and support reaction force of the beams, and the stability of the crane during movement is evaluated. The overturning moment and stabilizing moment of the crane are calculated to determine the stability of the crane under different working conditions. Simultaneously, based on the simulation results, the crane's travel route is optimized and adjusted. Optimization may include adjusting the turning radius, adding or removing outrigger support points, changing the crane's travel speed, and adjusting the boom angle. Through multiple simulations and optimizations, a preset crane travel route that meets construction requirements while ensuring the crane's smooth and safe movement is found.

[0042] See Figures 9 to 14 In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the installation of the components of the support includes the following steps: Step 131, Install the lower embedded plate and bottom plate of the support: After the pier body construction is completed, the lower end of the lower embedded plate and the lower anchor rod are embedded in the reserved hole in the concrete at the top of the pier, and the pad stone concrete is poured at the upper end of the lower embedded plate and the bottom plate is installed. Step 132, Install the lower support plate of the support: Clean the groove surface on the base plate and apply silicone grease evenly inside the groove surface. Hoist the lower support plate as a whole into the groove of the base plate and fix it. Step 133, Install the spherical crown and wear-resistant plate of the support: Apply silicone grease evenly to the first concave spherical surface of the lower support plate, and install the spherical crown and wear-resistant plate in sequence. Apply silicone grease to the wear-resistant plate and put on the sealing ring. Step 134, Install the upper support plate of the support: Before hoisting, check the plane position, elevation, and height difference of the four corners of the upper support plate, and after all parameters meet the requirements, hoist it onto the wear-resistant plate and fix it by the connecting plate; Step 135, Install the upper embedded plate of the support: After cleaning the debris on the top surface of the upper support plate, align the anchor bolt holes of the upper embedded plate with the anchor bolt holes of the upper support plate, fix them with anchor bolts and sleeves, and install anchor bolt rods on both sides of the upper embedded plate. Step 136, Install the dustproof enclosure for the support: After the continuous beam construction is completed, install the dustproof enclosure around the upper support plate using nuts and screws.

[0043] In this embodiment, after the pier construction is completed, the concrete below the embedded steel plate at the top of the pier is first roughened and cleaned before installing the reinforcing steel. Four steel sections are laid as supports for the lower embedded plate according to the elevation requirements, and the elevation of the steel sections is accurately calculated. After assembling the lower embedded plate and lower anchor rods on the ground, the entire assembly is hoisted into place at the bearing pad. After leveling and re-measuring the elevation and position to ensure accuracy, the steel sections are welded to fix the lower embedded plate. Next, the bearing pad formwork is installed, and the pad concrete is poured, ensuring the concrete is dense and reliable. Once the pad concrete reaches 95% of its design strength, has been aged for at least 7 days, and its elastic modulus reaches 100%, the surface of the pad is cleaned by blowing. The base plate is then installed inside the pad, and the bolts of the lower bearing plate are tightened using an electric socket wrench, ensuring the bolts are tightened to a depth of at least 72mm to prevent the bearing from tilting.

[0044] Further install the lower support plate of the support: Apply 2mm thick 5201-2 silicone grease to the groove surface of the base plate, hoist the lower support plate as a whole into the groove of the base plate, accurately position it according to the calculated pre-offset amount of -78.6mm, and temporarily fix it with wooden wedges.

[0045] Further install the spherical crown and wear-resistant plate of the support: Apply 5201-2 silicone grease to the first concave spherical surface of the lower support plate, and install the spherical crown and wear-resistant plate assembly. Apply 5201-2 silicone grease to the wear-resistant plate, put on the sealing ring and cut off the excess part, and tamp it firmly with a wooden mallet; apply neoprene rubber between the lower end face of the wear-resistant plate and the top of the spherical crown.

[0046] Further installation of the upper support plate: Before hoisting and installing the upper support plate, conduct a comprehensive process inspection of the upper support plate. After positioning, check the plane position, elevation, and height difference of the four corners of the support. Adjust it manually with the help of the crane. After adjusting the height difference of the four corners to meet the requirements by using the pre-embedded steel plate in the beam, use an electric wrench to install M30 bolts to fix the two ends of the connecting plate to the upper support plate and the base plate respectively.

[0047] Further install the upper embedded plate of the support: clean the debris on the top surface of the upper support plate, align the anchor bolt holes of the upper embedded plate with the upper support plate, use an electric wrench and pipe wrench to install the upper anchor rod and sleeve, tighten the upper anchor rod, and finally screw 15 Φ12 anchor bars into the reserved holes.

[0048] Further installation of dustproof enclosures for the supports: After the continuous beam construction is completed and the temporary supports are removed, dustproof enclosures are installed on the outer perimeter of the upper support plate using nuts and screws, thus completing all the installation procedures for the support structure.

[0049] The above-described embodiments of the present invention provide a large-tonnage bearing structure and construction method for waterborne applications, applicable to various large-tonnage steel bearing installation projects, especially in similar limited load-bearing environments such as cross-sea and cross-river bridges. The bearing structure employs a segmentable friction pendulum spherical steel bearing, decomposing the large-tonnage bearing structure into multiple smaller components for on-site assembly. This satisfies the high load-bearing capacity requirements of bridges while effectively addressing the limited load-bearing capacity of waterborne trestle bridges, demonstrating excellent operability and adaptability. Furthermore, the optimized construction process and technology, including pre-drilling of bearing holes, construction of the hoisting platform, mechanical calculations of the hoisting outrigger points, and installation steps for each bearing component, ensure the safety, efficiency, and accuracy of bearing installation, effectively improving construction quality and schedule control. In addition, to save construction costs and reduce repetitive construction, the invention rationally utilizes the main and abutment trestle bridge platforms for micro-modification construction, providing ideas and design schemes for the hoisting of large materials and accumulating valuable construction experience, which is of great significance for promoting the development of bridge engineering construction technology.

[0050] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-tonnage support structure for waterborne applications, characterized in that, The support structure is a friction pendulum spherical steel support, comprising: The lower support assembly is embedded in the concrete at the top of the pier on one side and is located below the steel plate embedded at the top of the pier. A spherical crown assembly, wherein the spherical crown assembly is disposed on the lower support assembly, and one side of the spherical crown assembly contacts and tightly fits the convex spherical surface of the other side of the lower support assembly to form a first spherical rotational pair; and An upper support assembly is disposed on the spherical crown assembly. One side of the upper support assembly is connected to the other side of the spherical crown assembly to form a second spherical rotation pair. The other side of the upper support assembly is connected to the pre-embedded steel plate at the bottom of the beam.

2. The large-tonnage support structure for waterborne applications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crown assembly includes: A spherical crown, wherein one side of the spherical crown has a first convex spherical surface, which fits against a first concave spherical surface on the other side of the lower support assembly to form a first revolute joint; the other side of the spherical crown has a second convex spherical surface; and the edge of the spherical crown is sealed and fixed to the lower support assembly by a sealing ring. The wear-resistant plate is installed on the second convex spherical surface by means of adhesive or mechanical fixation.

3. The large-tonnage support structure for waterborne applications according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper support component includes: An upper support plate, which covers the spherical crown assembly, and one side of the upper support plate is provided with a second concave spherical surface that fits against the second convex spherical surface of the wear-resistant plate in the spherical crown assembly, forming a second rotating pair; and An upper embedded plate is provided on the upper support plate, and the two sides of the upper embedded plate are fixedly connected to the upper support plate by a series of evenly arranged upper anchor rods.

4. The large-tonnage support structure for waterborne applications according to claim 3, characterized in that, A connecting plate is provided on the same side of the bottom plate and the upper support plate in the lower support assembly, and the two ends of the connecting plate are fixedly connected to the bottom plate and the upper support plate in the lower support assembly, respectively.

5. The large-tonnage support structure for waterborne applications according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: A dustproof enclosure is installed around the upper support plate.

6. A construction method for a large-tonnage support structure on water, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Lifting platform structure design: Based on the crane parameters, the main trestle and the auxiliary trestle are widened to meet the needs of crane travel and lifting operations; The pier body is poured and pre-reserved holes are set; Lifting and installation of each component of the support structure: According to the preset crane travel route, each component of the support is lifted to the predetermined position on the lifting platform and then installed.

7. The construction method for a large-tonnage support structure on water as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The preset crane travel route is obtained through a driving simulation based on crane parameters.

8. The construction method for a large-tonnage support structure on water as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the crane parameters, the main trestle bridge and the auxiliary trestle bridges were widened, including: A first spiral steel pipe pile is installed at the connection between the main trestle bridge and the branch trestle bridge. The second spiral steel pipe piles are arranged at a certain interval. Double-segmented I-beam load-bearing beams are installed on the second spiral steel pipe piles. I-beam distribution beams and the first bridge deck are laid on the double-segmented I-beam load-bearing beams. Second spiral steel pipe piles are installed on both sides of the trestle bridge, and I-beam load-bearing beams are installed. The I-beam load-bearing beams are arranged longitudinally, and the top surface elevation of the I-beam load-bearing beams is flush with the Bailey beam elevation of the trestle bridge. The trestle bridge deck is removed, and the original trestle bridge transverse distribution beam is extended to the second spiral steel pipe piles and the second bridge deck is laid.

9. The construction method for a large-tonnage support structure on water as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The installation of the components of the support includes the following steps: The lower embedded plate and bottom plate of the support are installed: After the pier body construction is completed, the lower end of the lower embedded plate and the lower anchor rod are embedded in the reserved hole in the concrete at the top of the pier, and the pad stone concrete is poured at the upper end of the lower embedded plate and the bottom plate is installed. Install the lower support plate of the support: clean the groove surface on the base plate, apply silicone grease evenly to the groove surface, hoist the lower support plate as a whole into the groove of the base plate and fix it. Install the spherical crown and wear-resistant plate of the support: Apply silicone grease evenly to the first concave spherical surface of the lower support plate, and install the spherical crown and wear-resistant plate in sequence. Apply silicone grease to the wear-resistant plate and put on a sealing ring. Install the upper support plate of the support: Before hoisting, check the plane position, elevation, and height difference of the four corners of the upper support plate, and after all parameters meet the requirements, hoist it onto the wear-resistant plate and fix it by the connecting plate; Install the upper embedded plate of the support: After cleaning the debris on the top surface of the upper support plate, align the anchor bolt holes of the upper embedded plate with the anchor bolt holes of the upper support plate, fix them with anchor bolts and sleeves, and install anchor bolt rods on both sides of the upper embedded plate. Install the dustproof enclosure of the support: After the continuous beam construction is completed, install the dustproof enclosure around the upper support plate with nuts and screws.

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