Combination structure using combined volume compensation device

Abstract

A combined volume compensation device comprises a supporting device and a pressure supply device and can be used for providing pressure for a fluid-solid conversion material. A combined structural member comprises a part A, a part B and a part C. The part A is a solid device with a cavity, the part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the part C at least comprises one of a combined volume compensation device, an independent pressure supply device, an auxiliary bearing device and a constraint stirrup.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of architecture, bridges, underground engineering, water conservancy, and machinery, and specifically to composite structures and their manufacturing methods. Background Technology

[0002] The concrete in a steel-concrete composite structure shrinks, which can cause separation between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel tube, affecting their coordinated work and consequently impacting the mechanical properties of the composite structure.

[0003] In existing literature, there are two main categories of methods to solve this problem. The first category involves altering the shrinkage characteristics of concrete materials to minimize shrinkage or to allow the material to expand. This type of method is not suitable for high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete. This type of method is irrelevant to this invention and will not be discussed further.

[0004] The second method involves sealing both ends of the steel pipe after concrete is filled into it, and then applying pressure to the concrete. The most representative method is to place a pressure-maintaining device, such as an airbag, inside the sealed steel pipe concrete, and apply pre-pressure to the concrete. The advantage of this device is that when the concrete is in a flowable state, if shrinkage occurs, the pressure-maintaining device can expand, filling the space created by shrinkage in the steel pipe cavity, thus keeping the reduction in concrete compressive stress within the required range. Even after the concrete has solidified, compressive stress can still exist between the outer surface of the pressure-maintaining device and the concrete. However, the disadvantage of this structure is that the airbag, etc., can become a weak point in the concrete, potentially affecting the overall load-bearing capacity of the concrete-filled steel tube column. Summary of the Invention

[0005] I. Technical problems to be solved

[0006] During the setting and hardening process, cement undergoes chemical shrinkage, meaning its absolute volume after hydration is less than the sum of the volumes of water and other components involved in hydration before hydration. In concrete-filled steel tube structures, the volume shrinkage of the concrete inside the steel tube often leads to insufficient contact between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel tube, or even separation, preventing the steel tube and concrete from working together effectively. High-strength concrete, ultra-high-strength concrete, and reactive powder concrete, due to their higher cement and reactive admixture content, experience even greater volume shrinkage during hardening, making this incompatibility with the steel tube even more pronounced.

[0007] The strength of cement paste is related to the porosity within it; fewer porosity results in higher strength. During the cement setting and hardening process, allowing the cement to shrink or be compressed helps reduce porosity in the cement paste, thus increasing its strength. The strength of cement mortar and concrete is related to the strength of the cement paste within them; the higher the strength of the cement paste, the higher the strength of the corresponding material.

[0008] The matrix material in reactive powder concrete is a mixture of cement, silica fume, quartz powder and water. Although the composition of its hydration products is different from that of traditional cement stone, its strength is still related to the porosity content. The lower the porosity, the higher the strength.

[0009] The axial strength of cement stone, cement mortar, concrete, and reactive powder concrete is related to its lateral compressive stress; the greater the lateral compressive stress, the higher the strength.

[0010] Let's take a concrete-filled steel tube column as an example to illustrate the problem to be solved. Assume that both ends of the steel tube in the concrete-filled steel tube are closed, and a pressure-maintaining device is placed inside the tube cavity, which is then filled with concrete. While the concrete is still in a flowable stage, it begins to experience artificially applied prestress.

[0011] (1) The first set of technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to improve the uniaxial strength and triaxial strength of concrete in steel-concrete composite columns, thereby improving the overall bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite columns.

[0012] (2) The second set of technical problems to be solved by the present invention is to find a pressure maintaining method and a pressure maintaining device to achieve the following two objectives:

[0013] a. When the concrete is in a flowable state, maintain the compressive stress of the concrete in the steel pipe basically stable, or allow it to vary within the required range;

[0014] b. After the concrete reaches or is close to its final strength, when the steel-concrete composite tube is subjected to axial loading, the pressure maintaining device can provide sufficient radial resistance to prevent the surrounding concrete from bulging into the area occupied by the pressure maintaining device, thus avoiding a reduction in the axial bearing capacity of the surrounding concrete due to bulging.

[0015] II. Content

[0016] (I) Combined volume compensation device 1

[0017] A combined volume compensation device, comprising Support device and Pressure supply device ;in,

[0018] (1) Corresponding to the support device, there is an inner region of the support device and an outer region of the support device, the inner region is surrounded or enclosed by the support device, and the outer region surrounds or encloses the support device.

[0019] There are one or more connecting channels between the inner region and the outer region;

[0020] (2) All or part of the pressure supply device is located in the internal area of ​​the support device, and the outer surface of the pressure supply device can provide pressure to the medium in contact with it.

[0021] Furthermore, the support device is a type I support device, which includes... Hole shell

[0022] The perforated shell is a shell with holes, which are connecting channels connecting the internal area of ​​the shell with the external area.

[0023] Furthermore, the aforementioned Hole shell yes Hole closed shell or Incomplete hole closed shell ;

[0024] The perforated enclosed shell is obtained by machining holes in a shell containing a closed cavity, and one of the incomplete perforated enclosed shells is a part of a perforated enclosed shell;

[0025] Preferably, the Shell with closed cavity The selection range includes:

[0026] (1) Spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, and other shells with typical geometries containing closed cavities;

[0027] (2) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of a tube and one or more local typical shells;

[0028] (3) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of several shells with typical geometric shapes;

[0029] (4) Composed of one or more Shell with typical geometry And a shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of one or more typical local shells;

[0030] The Shell with typical geometry It is a shell described mathematically using common equations. A typical local shell is a portion of a shell with a typical geometry.

[0031] Preferably, the Shell with typical geometry The selection range includes,

[0032] Spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, conical shells, elliptical conical shells, pyramidal shells, cylindrical shells, frustum-shaped shells, frustum-shaped shells, frustum-shaped shells with elliptical cross sections, saddle-shaped shells, and other typical geometric shapes.

[0033] Furthermore, the aforementioned Hole shell It is a pipe, and has one of the following characteristics:

[0034] (1) A pipe with no plugs at either end of the pipe hole, and the pipe wall has holes or no holes;

[0035] (2) A pipe with one end of the pipe hole sealed, or a hole in the pipe wall, or no hole.

[0036] (3) Both ends of the pipe are sealed, and there are holes in the pipe wall;

[0037] Preferably, the axis of the pipe is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the pipe is a curve.

[0038] Furthermore, the support device is a type II support device; the type II support device is characterized in that the connection channel between the internal region and the external region of the support device includes a gap or slot.

[0039] Furthermore, the type II support device includes a spiral belt, which can be a single type of spiral belt or multiple types of spiral belts;

[0040] The single-ring spiral strip is characterized in that the cross-section of each turn is the same; there is a gap between two adjacent spiral strips along the axial direction; the shape of the spiral strip is similar to the strip material in a spiral steel pipe.

[0041] The multiple spiral bands are characterized in that at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: the cross-sectional shape and / or size of the regions around which these two spiral bands are respectively located are different.

[0042] Preferably, among the various spiral bands, at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: there is an overlapping portion along the length direction between the two adjacent spiral bands, and there is a gap between the outer surface of one spiral band and the inner surface of the other spiral band in the overlapping portion;

[0043] Preferably, in the plurality of spiral bands, a gap exists along the length direction between two adjacent spiral bands;

[0044] Preferably, the axis of the region surrounded by the single or multiple spiral bands is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the region surrounded by the single or multiple spiral bands is a curve.

[0045] Preferably, the single or multiple spiral strips have multiple points connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral strip.

[0046] Furthermore, the Type II support device includes a spiral wire, which is a single type of spiral wire or multiple types of spiral wires, and the shape of the spiral wire is similar to a spiral spring;

[0047] The single-type spiral wire is characterized in that the cross-section of each turn of the spiral wire is the same.

[0048] The characteristic of the various spiral wires is that at least two turns of the spiral wire have different cross-sections in the area they surround.

[0049] Preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is no gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires; preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is a gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires.

[0050] Preferably, in one of the plurality of spiral wires, the cross-section of the region around each turn of the spiral wire is different;

[0051] Preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral wire surrounds is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral wire surrounds is a curve.

[0052] Preferably, the spiral wire has multiple points connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral wire.

[0053] Furthermore, the Type II support device includes a short pipe assembly, which has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0054] (1) The short tube assembly device. Single cross-section short tube combination device ,

[0055] The Single cross-section short tube combination device The characteristic is that all the short tubes have the same cross-sectional shape and size; at least two adjacent short tubes are like this, with a gap between their adjacent end faces;

[0056] (2) In Single cross-section short tube combination device In this context, there are at least two adjacent short tubes with a gap between their end faces; in addition, there are at least two adjacent short tubes with the following characteristic: there is no gap between their end faces.

[0057] (3) The short tube assembly device. Multi cross-section short tube combination device

[0058] The Multi cross-section short tube combination device The characteristic is that at least two adjacent short tubes are such that their cross-sectional shapes are different, or / and their cross-sectional dimensions are different;

[0059] (4) In Multi cross-section short tube combination device In this case, at least two adjacent short tubes are in this manner, with a section of one tube inserted into the bore of the other tube;

[0060] Preferably, the length of the overlapping portion of the two short tubes is less than half the length of either tube.

[0061] (5) The line connecting the axes of the short tubes is a straight line;

[0062] (6) The line connecting the axes of the short tubes is a broken line, and the axes of two or more short tubes are tangent to the same curve;

[0063] (7) There are connections between the short tubes to ensure that there is a fixed relative position between them.

[0064] Furthermore, the Type II support device includes Shell segment complete combination device or Shell segment incomplete combination device Slit thin wall protection device There are gaps between the shell segments;

[0065] The shell segment is a component obtained by dividing a shell. The shape and size of the shell segments assembled together are roughly the same as the shell before division. The shell has a closed cavity before division. The complete assembly of shell segments includes all the segments of a shell, while the incomplete assembly of shell segments only includes a portion of the segments of a shell.

[0066] Preferably, there are connections between the housing segments to ensure that there is a fixed relative position between them.

[0067] Furthermore, the support device includes a Type III support device.

[0068] The type III support device includes device a and device b; device a is completely surrounded by device b, or at least a portion of device a is surrounded by device b.

[0069] The selection range of the device a includes: a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, a pipe with perforated wall a2, a single type of spiral ribbon a31, multiple types of spiral ribbons a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a single type of cross-section short pipe combination device a51, multiple cross-section short pipe combination device b52, a complete shell segment combination device a61, and a non-complete shell segment combination device a62;

[0070] The selection range of the device b includes: a perforated closed shell b11, a non-complete perforated closed shell b12, a pipe with perforated walls b2, a single type of spiral strip b31, multiple types of spiral strips b32, a single type of spiral wire b41, multiple types of spiral wire b42, a single type of cross-section short pipe combination device b51, multiple types of cross-section short pipe combination device b52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components b61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components b62.

[0071] Furthermore, in the single-section short pipe assembly device a51, the inner contour line of the cross-section of the short pipe is a corrugated closed curve, or a trapezoidal waveform closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve;

[0072] In the multi-section short tube assembly b52, at least one short tube has a cross-sectional inner contour line that is a corrugated closed curve, a trapezoidal waveform closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve.

[0073] Furthermore, the support device includes a Type III support device, which comprises device c and device d.

[0074] The selection range of the device c includes: a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, and a pipe a2 with perforated walls;

[0075] The selection range of the device d includes: a tube d1 with longitudinal slits, a long strip-shaped shield d22, a block-shaped shield d3, and a non-closed annular shield d4.

[0076] Device d is located outside the outer surface of device c;

[0077] In the holes in the housing wall or tube wall of the device c, at least a portion of the holes face the non-hole or seamless area on the device d.

[0078] Preferably, when the device c is a perforated closed shell a11 or a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, the device d is a long strip-shaped shield d21 or a block-shaped shield d3;

[0079] Preferably, when the device c is a pipe a2 with holes in the pipe wall, the device d is a pipe d1 with a longitudinal slit, or a straight strip-shaped shield d22, or a block-shaped shield d3, or a non-closed annular shield d4;

[0080] Preferably, the holes on the wall of the perforated pipe c2 face the seamless area in the inner wall of the pipe d1 with longitudinal slits, or face the non-perforated area on the inner surface of the straight, elongated shield d22, or face the block shield d3, or face the seamless area on the inner surface of the non-closed annular shield d4.

[0081] Furthermore, at least one of the elongated obstructions d22 has a longitudinal cross-sectional profile that is corrugated, trapezoidal, or sawtooth-shaped.

[0082] Furthermore, the support device is a type IV support device, which includes device e and device f;

[0083] The device e is a perforated shell, and its selection range includes a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, and a tube a2 with perforated walls;

[0084] The device f is a connection channel extension device.

[0085] Furthermore, the connection channel extension device includes thin tubes f1, each of which is connected to the device e. The orifice of each thin tube f1 is directly opposite a hole in the device e, allowing the flowable medium to pass through the hole in the device e and the orifice of the thin tube f1.

[0086] Furthermore, the connecting channel extension device includes several pairs of thin plates f2, with a gap between each pair of thin plates, and one or more holes of the device e are located in the gap, which is an extension of the connecting channel.

[0087] Further, (1) in at least one of the pair of thin plates used as the connecting channel extension device, at least one thin plate is parallel to the axis of the tube; or,

[0088] (2) Of the at least one pair of plates used as the connecting channel extension device, at least one plate is perpendicular to the axis of the tube.

[0089] Furthermore, at least one pair of spiral plates is included among the plurality of pairs of thin plates f2, the spiral plates surrounding the device e, the spacing between the two spiral plates being constant or varying within a certain range, and the plurality of holes on the device e being located in the gap of the same pair of spiral plates.

[0090] Furthermore, in the Type III or Type IV support device, the connecting channel between the inner region and the outer region of the support device contains a curved section or a turning point.

[0091] Furthermore, the support device is a V-shaped support device; the V-shaped support device includes a three-dimensional spiral device or a three-dimensional ring device;

[0092] Between two adjacent turns of the spiral device is a spiral gap region, and the dimension H1 of each spiral gap region in the axial direction is smaller than the dimension R1 in the radial direction; R1 is the minimum distance between the inner and outer boundaries of the spiral gap region in the cross section;

[0093] Between the three-dimensional ring devices are three-dimensional ring gap regions, each ring gap region having a dimension H1 in the axial direction that is smaller than its dimension R1 in the radial direction; R1 is the minimum distance between the inner and outer boundaries of the ring region in the cross-section.

[0094] Preferably, the value range of the ratio R1 / H1 of the R1 to the H1 is 1 < R1 / H1 ≤ 5, or 5 < R1 / H1 ≤ 10, or 10 < R1 / H1 ≤ 15, or R1 / H1 > 15.

[0095] Further, the V-shaped support device has one of the following characteristics:

[0096] (1) The V-shaped support device is formed by folding a long strip material multiple times. The long strip material has regularly distributed holes, and after folding, the geometric centers of the holes are on the same straight line or on the same regular curve.

[0097] Preferably, the regular curve is an arched curve.

[0098] Preferably, the holes are circular, oval, polygonal, or rounded polygonal.

[0099] (2) The V-shaped support device is assembled by multiple thin sheet devices with holes, and the geometric centers of the holes are on the same straight line or on the same regular curve.

[0100] Preferably, in the cross-section, the respective selection ranges of the outer closed curve and the inner closed curve of the area where the thin sheet device is located include the boundary lines of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, a rounded polygon, or a closed line composed of a curve and a straight line.

[0101] (3) When the axis of the support device is a curve, use Single wire protection device or / and Constant length device Variable length device or / and a pressure supply device such as a wire mesh protection capsule.

[0102] Further, the support device is a VI-shaped support device;

[0103] The VI-shaped support device includes device g and device h; device g is completely surrounded by device h, or at least a part of device g is surrounded by device h;

[0104] The selection range of device g includes a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, a tube a2 with holes in the tube wall, a single type of circular spiral band a31, a multiple type of circular spiral band a32, a single type of circular spiral wire a41, a multiple type of circular spiral wire a42, a single type of short tube combination device a51 with a cross-section, a multiple type of short tube combination device a52 with a cross-section, a complete combination device a61 of shell dividing parts, and a non-complete combination device a62 of shell dividing parts.

[0105] Device b has the following characteristic that in the cross-section, device b can change the area it encloses.

[0106] Furthermore, device b is a constant perimeter device or a variable perimeter device;

[0107] The Figure 1 It is a thin-walled tube with the following characteristics: at least two points on the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube in the cross-section have different curvatures; when the cross-section becomes circular, the area of ​​the cross-section increases; and the length of the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube remains almost unchanged during the process of the cross-section becoming circular.

[0108] The Figure 2 The feature is that the device in cross-section can change its enclosed area by changing its perimeter;

[0109] Preferably, the variable perimeter device is a cylinder made of thin-walled material, and the thin-walled material in the cylinder has overlapping portions in cross-section, and the overlapping portions of thin-walled material can slide relative to each other.

[0110] Furthermore, the support device is a type VII support device;

[0111] The Type VII support device is a helical body with a helical cross-section. The helical body has a stable shape, and there are gaps between each turn. These gaps can be used as connecting channels between the inner and outer regions.

[0112] Furthermore, the helix has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0113] (1) At least one helix in the helix has the following characteristics: the ratio of the circumference of the helix to the minimum thickness of the helix is ​​less than 100, or less than 50, or less than 30, or less than 10.

[0114] (2) At least two adjacent spirals in the spiral have the following characteristics: there is a connecting device between the two spirals;

[0115] When the two adjacent rings are subjected to force, the connecting device can prevent relative movement between the two adjacent rings or reduce the relative movement between the two adjacent rings.

[0116] (3) There are uneven regions on the surface of the spiral body, which are used to increase the adhesion and shear strength between the solid fluid-solid conversion material in contact with it and the surface of the spiral body.

[0117] (4) At least one channel hole exists on at least one of the turns of the spiral;

[0118] The channel holes are holes on the spiral body, and the size and shape of the holes are suitable for fluid-solid conversion materials in a flowable state to pass through them; the channel holes serve as part of the connecting channel between the inner region and the outer region of the spiral body.

[0119] (5) The materials used to make the spiral are selected from steel plates and iron plates;

[0120] (6) The spiral is formed by rolling a sheet material. Before rolling, there are regularly distributed holes on the sheet material. After rolling, these holes are used as connecting channels or part of the connecting channels of the support device.

[0121] Preferably, after the coiling is completed, at least one spiral has the following characteristic: the channel holes on this spiral face the non-perforated areas on one or both adjacent spirals.

[0122] Furthermore, the selection range of the pressure supply device includes pressurization devices, energy storage devices, and pressurized energy storage devices;

[0123] (1) The pressurizing device is capable of changing and / or maintaining the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact with it;

[0124] (2) The energy storage device has the following characteristics.

[0125] When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases and the energy storage device absorbs energy; or / and when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases and the energy storage device releases energy.

[0126] (3) The pressurized energy storage device has the following characteristics A and B.

[0127] The characteristic A is,

[0128] Pressurized energy storage devices are capable of altering and / or maintaining the pressure between their outer surface and the medium in contact with it;

[0129] The characteristic B is,

[0130] Under the condition that other influencing factors remain unchanged, when the pressure on the outer surface of the pressurized energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the device decreases and the pressurized energy storage device absorbs energy; or / and when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the device increases and the pressurized energy storage device releases energy.

[0131] Further, (1) the selection range of the pressurizing device includes pressurizing airbag, pressurizing gas-liquid bag, pressurizing liquid bag, and self-expanding device;

[0132] (2) The range of energy storage devices includes airbags, gas-liquid airbags, energy storage liquid airbags, solid elastomer energy storage devices, and elastic shell energy storage devices.

[0133] (3) The selection range of the pressurized energy storage device includes pressurized airbag, pressurized gas-liquid bag, pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and self-expanding device;

[0134] Preferably, the self-expanding device is a type A self-expanding device; preferably, the type A self-expanding device is a type A1 self-expanding device; preferably, the type A1 self-expanding device is a type A1a or / and type A1b self-expanding device.

[0135] Preferably, the self-expanding device is a type B self-expanding device.

[0136] Furthermore, the selection range of the airbags used as pressurization devices, energy storage devices, and pressurized energy storage devices includes ordinary airbags, upper limit airbags, lower limit airbags, and dual limit airbags.

[0137] The selection range of the gas-liquid bladder used as a pressurization device, energy storage device, and pressurized energy storage device includes ordinary gas-liquid bladder, upper limit gas-liquid bladder, lower limit gas-liquid bladder, and dual limit gas-liquid bladder.

[0138] The selection range of the liquid bladder used as a pressurizing device, energy storage device, and pressurized energy storage device includes ordinary liquid bladder, upper limit liquid bladder, lower limit liquid bladder, and dual limit liquid bladder; preferably, the liquid bladder is provided with a pipeline connected to a hydraulic source; preferably, the liquid bladder is provided with a pipeline connected to a hydraulic source and an accumulator.

[0139] Furthermore, the selection range of the pressure supply device includes Type A self-expanding device and Type B self-expanding device; preferably, the Type A self-expanding device is Type A1 self-expanding device.

[0140] Furthermore, when the combined volume compensation device works in conjunction with the fluid-solid conversion material, it has the following characteristics I and II;

[0141] (a) The characteristic I is,

[0142] When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the connecting channel is suitable for the fluid-solid conversion material to flow through it;

[0143] (ii) The characteristic II is,

[0144] When fluid-solid conversion materials are in a solid state, they have the following properties:

[0145] There exists at least one region P, in which a support device exists; if the following conditions A and / or B are met, the support device and the fluid-solid conversion material form a composite shell; the composite shell is capable of withstanding the pressure transmitted from the surrounding external medium.

[0146] (1) Condition A is,

[0147] The support device is surrounded or enclosed by a fluid-solid conversion material, which has solidified and is bonded to the support device.

[0148] (2) Condition B is,

[0149] The connection channel between the inner and outer regions of the support device is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material that has become solid and is bonded to the support device.

[0150] The fluid-solid conversion material exists in two states: a flowable state and a solid state, and can transition from a flowable state to a solid state.

[0151] Furthermore, the support device, the pressure supply device, and the fluid-solid conversion material have at least one of the following characteristics:

[0152] (1) The apparent bulk modulus of elasticity and apparent bulk deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are much lower than the bulk modulus of elasticity and bulk deformation modulus of the fluid-solid conversion material at any stage. Any stage refers to any stage in the process of the material changing from a flowable state to a solid state with final strength.

[0153] (2) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches the design strength, the apparent volumetric elastic modulus and apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the composite shell composed of the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device are much higher than the apparent volumetric elastic modulus and apparent volumetric deformation modulus of the pressure supply device, respectively.

[0154] (3) After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies and reaches the design strength, the composite shell composed of the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device can withstand the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone.

[0155] (4) The outer surface of the non-porous part of the support device can withstand the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure supplied by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone.

[0156] (5) The apparent stiffness of the non-porous part of the support device is much higher than that of the pressure supply device.

[0157] (ii) Pressurization devices utilizing osmotic pressure

[0158] A pressurization device utilizing osmotic pressure, comprising a container P, a cavity Q, and a permeable membrane, has the following characteristics:

[0159] (1) There is a zero-concentration or non-zero-concentration solution in the container P, and a non-zero-concentration solution in the cavity Q, and the osmotic pressure of the solution in the cavity Q is greater than zero or equal to zero for at least a certain period of time.

[0160] (2) The solvent of the solution in the container P can and can only enter the cavity Q through the permeation membrane;

[0161] (3) The cavity Q has at least one of the following two characteristics.

[0162] (i) In the outer shell surrounding the cavity Q, at least a portion of the outer shell has a structure and / or material suitable for the volume of the cavity Q to increase or / or decrease;

[0163] (ii) There exists a cavity R that communicates with the cavity Q; in the shell surrounding the cavity R, at least a portion of the shell's structure and / or material is adapted to allow the volume of the cavity R to increase or decrease;

[0164] The container P includes an open container and / or a closed cavity.

[0165] Furthermore, it possesses the following characteristic A and / or characteristic B,

[0166] (1) The feature A is,

[0167] If the volume of cavity Q expands or contracts, the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the shell surrounding cavity Q will also expand or contract accordingly; or,

[0168] If the volume of cavity Q expands or contracts, the space occupied by the shell surrounding cavity Q will expand or contract accordingly.

[0169] (2) Feature B is,

[0170] If the volume of cavity R expands or contracts, the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the shell surrounding cavity R will also expand or contract accordingly; or,

[0171] If the volume of cavity R expands or contracts, the space occupied by the shell surrounding cavity R will expand or contract accordingly.

[0172] Furthermore, in the container P, the solvent is water; the solute is a salt and / or a base, or a salt and / or an acid, or an organic substance with osmotic pressure.

[0173] Furthermore, within the cavity Q, the solution possesses the following properties:

[0174] (1) The solvent is water;

[0175] (2) The solute includes one, two, or all three of the following: liquid solute, salt, and base; or,

[0176] Solutes include one, two, or all three of the following: liquid solutes, salts, and acids;

[0177] Preferably, the liquid solute includes alcohol.

[0178] Furthermore, undissolved solid solutes are also present in the cavity Q and / or the cavity R.

[0179] Furthermore, a solvent supply pipeline is provided in container P, and the outlet of the pipeline does not come into contact with the solution to prevent the solute from diffusing along the solvent in the pipeline.

[0180] Furthermore, there exist pressure electrical control systems with the following characteristics:

[0181] (1) The solution in container P is a non-zero concentration solution;

[0182] (2) A solvent supply pipeline is installed in container P;

[0183] (3) The system includes a pressure sensor installed in the cavity Q, an electric valve installed on the solvent supply pipeline, and a main control device, wherein the pressure sensor and the electric valve are respectively connected to the main control device through wires;

[0184] When the fluid pressure in cavity Q is less than the first preset value p1, the pressure sensor transmits the pressure signal to the main control device. The main control device sends an opening signal to the electric valve through the wire. After receiving the signal, the electric valve enters the opening state, and the solvent flows into container P.

[0185] When the fluid pressure in cavity Q is greater than the second preset value p2, after the main control device receives the pressure signal from the pressure sensor, it sends a closing signal to the electric valve. After receiving the signal, the electric valve enters the closed state, and the solvent cannot flow into container P.

[0186] Among them, the second preset value p2 is greater than or equal to the first preset value p1.

[0187] Furthermore, there is a hydraulic drive control system, including a pressure transmission line and a hydraulic control valve; one end of the pressure transmission line is located in the cavity Q or R, and the other end is connected to the hydraulic drive valve;

[0188] When the pressure in cavity Q or R measured by the pressure transmission pipeline is lower than the first preset value p1, the hydraulically driven valve is in the open state, and the fluid in the solvent supply pipeline flows into container P.

[0189] When the pressure in the pressure transmission line is higher than the second preset value p2, the valve is in the closed state, and the fluid in the solvent supply line cannot flow into the container P;

[0190] Among them, the second preset value p2 is greater than or equal to the first preset value p1.

[0191] Further, (1) at least for a certain period of time, the concentration of the solution in cavity Q is higher than or equal to the concentration of the solution in cavity R;

[0192] (2) There is a check valve between cavity Q and cavity R. The solution in cavity Q can enter cavity R, but the solution in cavity R cannot enter cavity Q.

[0193] Furthermore, there is a solute storage tank connected to the container P by a pipeline, and the solute storage tank contains undissolved solid solute and / or liquid solute.

[0194] (III) Liquid Absorption, Expansion, and Pressurization Device

[0195] A liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device includes an expansion material and a liquid guiding channel; wherein,

[0196] (1) The expansion material has the following characteristics.

[0197] a. It can absorb liquid and expand, or,

[0198] b. It can expand by undergoing a physical and / or chemical reaction with liquids;

[0199] (2) The liquid guiding channel has the following characteristics.

[0200] The liquid can enter the expanding material along the liquid guiding channel.

[0201] Furthermore, the expanded material can be in the form of a solid continuum, solid particles, or liquid.

[0202] Furthermore, the range of selection for the expansion material includes organic expansion materials and inorganic expansion materials;

[0203] The range of organic expandable materials includes water-absorbing resins, water-absorbing rubbers, polyurethane slurries, and dried and compressed wood.

[0204] The range of inorganic expandable materials includes illite, montmorillonite, bentonite, and calcium oxide.

[0205] Furthermore, the water-absorbing resin is water-absorbing resin particles, the water-absorbing rubber is a water-absorbing rubber continuum and / or water-absorbing rubber particles, and the dried and compressed wood is a wood continuum or wood particles.

[0206] The illite is illite particles, the montmorillonite is montmorillonite particles, the bentonite is bentonite particles, and the calcium oxide is calcium oxide lumps and / or calcium oxide particles; preferably, the granular inorganic expandable material is compacted.

[0207] Furthermore, the liquid guiding channel is provided by at least one of the following materials or devices: liquid guiding fibers, liquid guiding thin layer material, particulate region, porous material, or seepage channel;

[0208] The liquid-conducting fiber has the following characteristics: liquid can move along the length of the fiber inside and / or on the surface; preferably, liquid can enter the medium surrounding the fiber from the fiber end and / or from the side; preferably, the liquid-conducting fiber is a short fiber; preferably, the liquid-conducting fiber is a continuous fiber.

[0209] The liquid-conducting thin-layer material has the following characteristics: (1) the liquid can flow in the voids within the thickness range of the thin-layer material; (2) the liquid can seep out or seep into at least one of the two surfaces of the thin-layer material.

[0210] The particle region is a space of a certain shape, filled with solid particles, allowing liquid to flow in the gaps between the solid particles; preferably, the particles include particles identifiable to the naked eye; preferably, the particles include particles from powder; preferably, the upper limit of the particle size ranges from 1 to 10 μm, or 10 to 70 μm, or 70 to 600 μm, or 600 to 1000 μm, or 1 to 2.5 mm, or 2.5 to 5 mm, or 5 to 10 mm, or greater than 10 mm; preferably, the ratio of the lower limit to the upper limit of the particle size ranges from less than 0.00001, or 0.00001 to 0.0001, or 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.01 to 0.1, or 0.1 to 0.9, or 0.9 to 1.0.

[0211] The porous material is characterized by the presence of numerous interconnected pores within it, through which liquid can flow.

[0212] The seepage conduit has the following characteristics: (1) liquid can flow in the conduit hole; (2) liquid can seep out from the conduit wall and / or seep in.

[0213] Furthermore, in the expansion device, the types of liquid flow paths include at least one of the following: type A, type B, type C, type D, and type E.

[0214] (iv) Combined volume compensation device 2

[0215] A combined volume compensation device, comprising a support device and a pressure supply device, characterized in that:

[0216] (1) The support device is any of the support devices described above;

[0217] (2) The pressure supply device is any of the pressure supply devices that utilize osmotic pressure as described above.

[0218] A combined volume compensation device, comprising a support device and a pressure supply device, characterized in that:

[0219] (1) The support device is any of the support devices described above;

[0220] (2) The pressure supply device is any of the liquid absorption expansion and pressurization devices described above.

[0221] (V) Manufacturing Method of Combined Volume Compensation Device

[0222] A method for manufacturing a combined volume compensation device, characterized in that the combined volume compensation device manufactured is any of the combined volume compensation devices described above.

[0223] A method for applying pressure to the surrounding medium using a combined volume compensation device, characterized in that...

[0224] (1) The combined volume compensation device is any of the combined volume compensation devices described above;

[0225] (2) In the process of using the combined volume compensation device to provide pressure, in addition to using the support device and the pressure supply device, a fluid-solid conversion material is also required.

[0226] The fluid-solid transition material is a material that can transition from a fluid state to a solid state;

[0227] (3) The spatial relationship between the support device, the pressure supply device and the fluid-solid conversion material of the combined volume compensation device has the following characteristics.

[0228] A fluid-solid transition material, or / and, is present in at least a portion of the gap between the inner wall of the support device and the outer surface of the pressure supply device.

[0229] At least a portion of the external surrounding space of the support structure contains fluid-solid conversion material;

[0230] (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state

[0231] a. If the pressure exerted by the external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support device increases, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity surrounded by the support device through the connecting channel, squeezing the pressure supply device in the cavity and reducing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device; if the pressure exerted by the external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support device and / or in the connecting channel decreases, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity increases, pushing the fluid-solid conversion material to flow outside the support device.

[0232] or / and,

[0233] b. When the apparent volume of the pressure supply device increases, the pressure supply device squeezes the fluid-solid conversion material in the internal area of ​​the support device and flows out of the support device through the connecting channel; when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device decreases, if the fluid-solid conversion material around the outside of the support device is subjected to the pressure of the external medium, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the internal area of ​​the support device through the connecting channel.

[0234] (5) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state

[0235] The fluid-solid conversion material is bonded together with the support device to form a composite shell, which can resist the pressure of the external medium.

[0236] (vi) Components

[0237] A composite structural component includes part A, part B, and part C;

[0238] (a) Among them,

[0239] (1) Part A is a solid device, and Part A has one or more cavities, in which Part B and Part C are present in at least one cavity;

[0240] (2) At least one of the cavities is a simply connected domain cavity, or / and at least one cavity is a multi-connected domain cavity; the simply connected domain cavity is characterized in that the spatial region where the cavity is located is a simply connected domain on any cross section of the cavity; the multi-connected domain cavity is characterized in that there is at least one such cross section on which the spatial region where the cavity is located is a multi-connected domain.

[0241] (3) Part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, which is a material that can change from a flowable state to a solid state.

[0242] (4) Part C shall include at least one of the following eight items a to h.

[0243] a. One or more combined volume compensation devices;

[0244] b. Remnants of one or more combined volume compensation devices;

[0245] c. At least one blank area in which no device or material exists, which was previously occupied by the combined volume compensation device;

[0246] d. One or more independent pressure supply devices,

[0247] e. Remnants of one or more independent pressurization devices;

[0248] f. At least one blank area, in which no device or material exists, which was previously occupied by the independent pressure supply device;

[0249] g. One or more restraining stirrups;

[0250] h. One or more auxiliary load-bearing devices;

[0251] (ii) Among them,

[0252] (1) The combined volume compensation device is any of the combined volume compensation devices described above, and each combined volume compensation device includes a support device and a pressure supply device.

[0253] (2) The independent pressure supply device is any of the pressure supply devices described above, or the pressure supply device that utilizes osmotic pressure as described above, or the liquid absorption expansion pressure supply device as described above.

[0254] (3) The aforementioned restraining stirrups are a type of steel cage, emphasizing only the function of the stirrups within the steel cage, without restricting the performance of the longitudinal steel bars;

[0255] (4) The function of the auxiliary bearing device is to share the load in a certain direction with the material of part B in the cavity;

[0256] (5) The remnants of the combined volume compensation device are a part, several parts, or all of the device, but the device has lost its function;

[0257] (6) The remnant of the independent pressure supply device is a part, several parts or all of the device, but it has lost the function of the pressure supply device.

[0258] Furthermore, the selection range of the auxiliary support device includes,

[0259] Steel profiles, prefabricated components, natural stone, an apparatus assembled from multiple prefabricated components, an apparatus or assembly made of multiple stacked natural stones, an apparatus obtained by assembling prefabricated components and natural stone.

[0260] Furthermore, at least for a certain period of time, the fluid-solid conversion material exists in at least one of the following three regions: the internal region of the support device, the external region of the support device, and the region corresponding to the connecting channel.

[0261] Furthermore, within the cavity of part A, the material selection range for part B includes the following four main categories:

[0262] (1) Cement-based materials,

[0263] Preferably, the cement-based material includes cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, ordinary strength concrete, high strength concrete, and ultra-high strength concrete;

[0264] (2) A mixture of cement-based materials and polymer materials, in which cement participates in hydration;

[0265] Preferably, the polymer material is a polymer emulsion;

[0266] Preferably, the polymer material is a self-curing polymer material, including epoxy resin;

[0267] (3) Polymer materials that can solidify on their own

[0268] Preferably, the self-curing polymer material includes epoxy resin;

[0269] (4) A mixture of polymer materials with solid powders and / or solid particles;

[0270] Preferably, the material in part B is a mixture of polymeric material and solid powder; preferably, the material in part B is a mixture of polymeric material and solid particles; preferably, the material in part B is a mixture of polymeric material, solid powder, and solid particles.

[0271] Preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder; the solid particles are metal particles or inorganic non-metallic material particles; preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and particles are stone powder and pebbles, respectively.

[0272] Furthermore, within the cavity of portion A, there are M types of material from portion B, namely B1, B2…B i B i+1 ...B M The materials each occupy different spatial areas.

[0273] Furthermore, in the cavity of portion A, the material of portion B has at least the following characteristic I or characteristic II:

[0274] (i) Feature I is that the material in part B has at least one of the following features A and B:

[0275] (1) The feature A is,

[0276] There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, and m≠n, and there exists at least one time period corresponding to m and n; within this time period, there exists a relationship with B. i Compared to other materials, B n The material has relatively high fluidity;

[0277] (2) Feature B is,

[0278] There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, and m≠n, corresponding to the B. i and B n The material has the following properties:

[0279] (i) the B n The end of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B. m The end of the flowable state of the material is earlier than B. m The moment when the inflection point of material volume shrinkage occurs; or,

[0280] (ii) The B n The material's flowability ends later than or equal to B. m The moment when the material volume shrinkage inflection point occurs.

[0281] (ii) Feature II is that there exists at least one k, 1≤k≤M, corresponding to B i The material must possess at least one of the following characteristics: A, B, or C.

[0282] (i) The feature A is,

[0283] When material B1 is in a flowable state, during one or more time periods, or throughout the entire stage, at least the B component of the material contains the specified B. i The material is subjected to compressive stress;

[0284] (ii) Feature B is,

[0285] In the B k During the solidification process of a material transitioning from a flowable state to a solid state, within one or more time periods, or throughout the entire stage, at least B in all of the B-part materials... k The material has compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress in at least one region;

[0286] (iii) Characteristic C is,

[0287] When the B k After the material solidifies, at least B in all of the B parts of the material k The material has compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress in at least one region.

[0288] Furthermore, within the cavity of section A, at least one combined volume compensation device is present. When the material of section B, which is in contact with the outer surface of the support device, is in a flowable state, the combined structural member has the following characteristic A and / or characteristic B.

[0289] (1) The feature A is,

[0290] (i) If the volume of the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A decreases, or a portion of the material of part B in this area flows out, or the space occupied by other devices or materials in this area is vacated, or the volume of part A with cavities increases; then, the pressure supply device in the inner area of ​​the support device expands in volume, pushing the material of part B in the inner area of ​​the support device into the periodic space area outside the support device through the connecting channel.

[0291] (ii) If the volume of the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A increases, or the space occupied by the material of part B in this area is squeezed, or the volume of part A with cavities decreases; then, the pressure supply device in the inner area of ​​the support device shrinks, and the material of part B in the outer area of ​​the support device flows into the inner area of ​​the support device through the connecting channel.

[0292] (2) Feature B is,

[0293] (i) If the pressure of the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device changes, the material of part B in the internal region of the support device transmits the pressure change to the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A through the connecting channel.

[0294] If a pressure change occurs in the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, this change can be transmitted to the outer surface of the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device.

[0295] or / and,

[0296] (ii) If the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device expands in volume, the material of part B in the internal region of the support device flows through the connecting channel into the region between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A.

[0297] If the pressure supply device in the internal area of ​​the support device shrinks in volume, and there is compressive stress on material B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, then material B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A will enter the cavity of the support device through the connecting channel.

[0298] Furthermore, in the cavity of the A section, there is at least one combined volume compensation device. After the material of the B section that is in contact with the outer surface of the support device solidifies and has a certain strength, the material of the B section is solidified together with the support device to form a composite shell. The composite shell acts as a whole to resist the pressure of the external medium.

[0299] Furthermore, within the cavity of part A, the support device, the pressure supply device, and the material of part B possess at least one of the following characteristics:

[0300] (1) The apparent bulk modulus of elasticity and apparent bulk deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are much lower than the bulk modulus of elasticity and bulk deformation modulus of material in part B at any stage. Any stage refers to any stage of the whole process. The whole process refers to the process by which the material changes from a flowable state to a solid state with final strength.

[0301] (2) After the material of part B solidifies and reaches the design strength, the apparent volume elastic modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the composite shell composed of the material of part B and the support device are much higher than the apparent volume elastic modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure supply device, respectively.

[0302] (3) After the material of part B solidifies and reaches the design strength, the composite shell composed of the material of part B and the support device can withstand the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone.

[0303] (4) The outer surface of the non-porous part of the support device can withstand the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure supplied by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone.

[0304] (5) The apparent stiffness of the non-porous part of the support device is much higher than that of the pressure supply device.

[0305] Furthermore, at least a length of the axis of the component is a straight line or a curve, and the selection range of the curve includes an arched curve.

[0306] Furthermore, within one or more segments or the entire length of the component, the shape enclosed by the outer contour lines of the cross-section of the component, and / or the shape enclosed by the outer contour lines of the cross-section of the cavity in part A, has the following characteristics:

[0307] The graphic is a graphic enclosed by straight lines and / or curves; the selection range of the enclosed graphic includes at least convex graphics; the selection range of the convex graphics includes at least convex curved graphics, convex polygons, and convex rounded polygons; the selection range of the convex curved graphics includes at least circles and ellipses.

[0308] Furthermore, the cross-section of the component has one of the following characteristics.

[0309] (1) At least within a certain length range of the component, the shape and size of the cross-section of the component are the same at different positions along the length direction;

[0310] (2) At least within a certain length range of the component, the cross-sections of the component at different positions along the length direction have similar shapes but different dimensions;

[0311] (3) At least two different positions can be found in the length direction within a certain length range of the component, and the cross-sectional shapes of the components at these two positions are not similar and the sizes are different.

[0312] Furthermore, within the cavity of part A, there exists at least one i and one j, where 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤M, M≥2, i≠j, and the corresponding B i Materials and B j Adjacent materials; the relationship between them has one of the following characteristics,

[0313] (1) The B i Material facing B j Any boundary surface on one side of the material only contacts the isolation device and not the B. j Material contact;

[0314] (2) In the B i Material facing B j On the boundary surface of one side of the material, a portion of B i The material boundary surface only contacts the isolation device, not B. j Material contact; and part of B i Material boundary surface and B j Materials in direct contact;

[0315] (3) The B i Material facing B j Any boundary surface on one side of the material is related to B.j Materials are in direct contact.

[0316] Preferably, in the composite structural member used as a column, the isolation device is a thin sheet metal cylinder, B i The material is located inside the cylinder, B j The material is located on the outside of the cylinder; preferably, the upper and lower ends of the cylinder are sealed, with a feed inlet at the upper end. i No boundary surface of the material is in contact with B j Materials are in direct contact; preferably, the upper end of the cylinder is not sealed. i The upper part of the material is with B j The upper end of the material is in direct contact.

[0317] Furthermore, the component is a compression member with a straight axis and a uniform cross-section, or a compression member with an arched curve as its axis and a uniform cross-section;

[0318] The term "uniform cross-section" means that, except for the two ends, the outer contour of the cross-section of the component is the same at different positions along the axial direction.

[0319] Preferably, the compression member with a straight axis and uniform cross-section is a prism, a cylinder, or a rounded prism.

[0320] Furthermore, part A includes a pipe and sealing devices at both ends, the sealing devices being used to seal the pipe holes at both ends. A composite structural component is characterized by including the composite volume compensation device as described above, and / or including components as described above.

[0321] Furthermore, the component is a lattice column or truss.

[0322] (vii) Methods for manufacturing components

[0323] A method for manufacturing a composite structural component, characterized in that the component being manufactured is any of the components described above.

[0324] A method for manufacturing a composite structural component has the following characteristics:

[0325] (1) The component includes part A and part B;

[0326] (2) The component includes part C, or / and the component includes part C at least for a certain period of time;

[0327] in,

[0328] (a) The manufacturing method includes the following steps.

[0329] (1) Obtain part A and part C; part A has at least one cavity;

[0330] (2) Place part C into the cavity of part A, and fill the cavity of part A with part B material;

[0331] (4) Control the pressure and temperature in part B to ensure that the pressure in the material of part B is higher than normal pressure, or / and the temperature is higher than normal temperature for at least a certain period of time;

[0332] (ii) Among them,

[0333] (1) Part A is a solid device;

[0334] (2) The B part includes one or more solidifiable materials, and different solidifiable materials occupy different spatial areas in the cavity of the A part; the material of the B part is in a flowable state during the filling process and for a period of time after the filling is completed.

[0335] (3) The C part includes one or more combined volume compensation devices. Attached Figure Description

[0336] Figure 3 Cross-section of Type I support device

[0337] Figure 4 Longitudinal sectional view of the end-openable Type I support device, containing a long strip-shaped bladder-like pressure supply device.

[0338] Figure 5 Longitudinal sectional view of the type I support device with openable ends, showing a distributed short cylindrical bladder-like pressure supply device in the internal area.

[0339] Figure 6 Longitudinal section view of the docking type I support device, showing a distributed short cylindrical bladder-like pressure supply device in the internal area.

[0340] Figure 7 Longitudinal sectional view of the docking type I support device, showing multiple small spherical energy storage devices in the internal area.

[0341] Figure 8 Longitudinal sectional view of spiral belt type II support device, or longitudinal sectional view of spiral belt type lateral restraint device.

[0342] Figure 9 Top view of spiral belt type II support device, or top view of spiral belt type lateral restraint device.

[0343] Figure 10 Longitudinal section view of spiral wire type II support device, or longitudinal section view of spiral steel bar transverse restraint device.

[0344] Figure 11 Longitudinal sectional view of the short-tube combined type II support device, or longitudinal sectional view of the short-tube combined lateral restraint device.

[0345] Figure 12 Cross-sectional view of the short-tube combined type II support device, or cross-sectional view of the short-tube combined lateral restraint device.

[0346] Figure 13 Longitudinal section view of the short-tube combined type III support device.

[0347] Figure 14 Cross-sectional view of short pipe combined type III support device

[0348] Figure 15 The horizontal d-section of the Type III support device, with the tube d1 having a longitudinal slit.

[0349] Figure 16 It is the cross-sectional shape of the brittle shell;

[0350] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of a self-expanding device for a chemical reaction;

[0351] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of a self-expanding device for a chemical reaction;

[0352] Figure 19 The cross-sectional shape of the support in the lower limit bladder;

[0353] Figure 20 The lower limit cyst is compressed to the lower limit;

[0354] Figure 21 The wall of the lower limit sac is fully expanded;

[0355] Figure 22 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the combined volume compensation device

[0356] Figure 23 Longitudinal section of long tube type III support device

[0357] Figure 24 Cross-sectional view of the long tube type III support device, section AA

[0358] Figure 25 Cross-sectional view of the long tube type III support device, section BB

[0359] Figure 26 Longitudinal section of Type III support device with combined long and short pipes

[0360] Figure 27 Cross-sectional view of the Type III support device with combined long and short pipes, section AA

[0361] Figure 28 Cross-sectional view of the Type III support device with combined long and short pipes, section BB

[0362] Figure 29 The Type III support device includes a long, narrow obstruction, shown in the longitudinal section.

[0363] Figure 30 The Type III support device includes a long, narrow obstruction, as shown in the test diagram.

[0364] Figure 31 The Type III support device includes a long, narrow shield, as shown in the cross-sectional view.

[0365] Figure 32 The Type III support device includes a corrugated short tube, longitudinal section view.

[0366] Figure 33 The Type III support device includes a corrugated short tube, cross-sectional view.

[0367] Figure 34 The Type IV support device includes a connecting channel extension pipe, cross-sectional view.

[0368] Figure 35 The Type IV support device includes a connecting channel extension pipe, longitudinal section view.

[0369] Figure 36 The Type IV support device includes a connecting channel extension plate, cross-sectional view.

[0370] Figure 37 The Type IV support device includes a connecting channel extension plate, longitudinal section view.

[0371] Figure 38 The V-shaped support device is a three-dimensional spiral device.

[0372] Figure 39 A thin-walled protective device is fitted over the bladder-type pressure supply device.

[0373] Figure 40 A V-shaped support device, formed by repeatedly folding a perforated strip of material, is shown in a cross-sectional view.

[0374] Figure 41 A V-shaped support device, formed by repeatedly folding a perforated strip of material, is shown in a longitudinal sectional view.

[0375] Figure 42 A V-shaped support device, assembled from thin sheet devices with circular holes, is shown in a cross-sectional view.

[0376] Figure 43 A V-shaped support device, assembled from thin sheet devices with circular holes, longitudinal sectional view.

[0377] Figure 44 A type VI support device with a constant perimeter device;

[0378] Figure 45A type VI support device, wherein the variable circumference device is a cylinder made of thin sheet metal rolled up.

[0379] Figure 46 A type VII support device, wherein the support device is a helical body.

[0380] Figure 47 An integrated pressurization device utilizing osmotic pressure, without a pressure control system.

[0381] Figure 48 An integrated pressurization device utilizing osmotic pressure, with a hydraulically driven pressure control system.

[0382] Figure 49 Hydraulically driven valve, closed state

[0383] Figure 50 Hydraulically driven valve, in open state

[0384] Figure 51 The pressure source in the osmotic pressure separation pressurization device is equipped with an electrically powered pressure control system.

[0385] Figure 52 Solute storage tank

[0386] Figure 53 The pressure source in the osmotic pressure separation pressurization device is used in conjunction with a solute storage tank, and features a hydraulically driven pressure control system. Figure 54 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A1 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional view.

[0387] Figure 55 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A1 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0388] Figure 56 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the Type A1 liquid guiding method and is wrapped with a construction sleeve. (Cross-sectional view)

[0389] Figure 57 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A2 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional diagram.

[0390] Figure 58 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A2 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0391] Figure 59 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts a T-shaped liquid guiding method, cross-sectional view.

[0392] Figure 60 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts a T-type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0393] Figure 61 The liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device adopts a T-shaped liquid guiding method (multiple narrow strips), cross-sectional view.

[0394] Figure 62 The liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device adopts a T-shaped liquid guiding method (multiple narrow strips or repeated folds), longitudinal sectional view.

[0395] Figure 63 The liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device adopts a T-shaped liquid guiding method (repeated folding), longitudinal sectional view.

[0396] Figure 64 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A1 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional view.

[0397] Figure 65 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the A1 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0398] Figure 66 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C1 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional view.

[0399] Figure 67 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C1 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0400] Figure 68 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C1 type liquid guiding method, with localized application in Datong.

[0401] Figure 69 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C3 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional diagram.

[0402] Figure 70 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C3 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0403] Figure 71 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C3 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional diagram.

[0404] Figure 72 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C2 type liquid guiding method, cross-sectional diagram.

[0405] Figure 73 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts the C2 type liquid guiding method, longitudinal section view.

[0406] Figure 74 The liquid absorption expansion and pressurization device adopts a T-type liquid guiding method and a four-leaf shaped outer shell. (Cross-sectional view)

[0407] Figure 75 A longitudinal sectional view of a combined structural component using a combined volume compensation device, Example 2.1

[0408] Figure 76 Cross-sectional view of a combined structural component using a combined volume compensation device, Example 2.1

[0409] Figure 77A longitudinal sectional view of a combined structural component using a combined volume compensation device, Example 2.2

[0410] Figure 78 Cross-sectional view of a combined structural component using a combined volume compensation device, Example 2.2

[0411] Figure 79 Cross-sectional view of a combined structural component using a combined volume compensation device, Example 2.2

[0412] Figure 80 A longitudinal sectional view of a combined structural component using a combined volume compensation device, Example 2.3

[0413] Figure 81 Cross-sectional view of a combined structural component using a combined volume compensation device, Example 2.3

[0414] Figure 82 Cross-sectional view of a combined structural component using a combined volume compensation device, Example 2.3

[0415] Figure 83 Longitudinal sectional view of an arched composite structural member using a combined volume compensation device, Example 2.4

[0416] Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of an arched composite structural member using a combined volume compensation device, Example 2.4

[0417] Combined volume compensation device Typical component H6 – made of two types of B material, with multiple restraining stirrups, cross-sectional view, Example 2.5

[0418] Support device Detailed Implementation

[0419] 1. Combined volume compensation device and its method for providing pressure to the surrounding medium

[0420] 1.1. Pressure supply device

[0421] A combined volume compensation device, comprising I-type support device and Hole shell ;in,

[0422] (1) Corresponding to the support device, there is an inner region of the support device and an outer region of the support device, the inner region is surrounded or enclosed by the support device, and the outer region surrounds or encloses the support device.

[0423] There is a connecting passage between the inner region and the outer region;

[0424] (2) All or part of the pressure supply device is located in the internal area of ​​the support device, and the outer surface of the pressure supply device can provide pressure to the medium in contact with it.

[0425] The range of support devices to be selected includes, but is not limited to, Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV, Type V, Type VI, and Type VII support devices.

[0426] The support device is made of a solid material with a certain strength. Preferably, the materials used to make the support device include metallic materials, inorganic non-metallic materials, polymeric materials, and fiber composite materials; preferably, the metallic materials are selected from steel, cast iron, and aluminum; preferably, the fiber-reinforced composite materials are selected from fiber-reinforced metal composite materials, fiber-reinforced non-metallic materials, and mixtures of fiber-reinforced polymeric materials and solid particles.

[0427] 《1.2.》 Hole closed shell

[0428] The type I support device includes Hole closed shell .

[0429] Preferably, the perforated housing is Shell with closed cavity Or a partially perforated enclosed shell. Incomplete hole closed shell Hole closed shell with closed cavity Is Shell with typical geometry Obtained by machining holes, one of the above Shell with typical geometry It is Hole shell Figure 1 Part of it.

[0430] Preferably, the Figure 2 The selection range includes:

[0431] (1) Spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, and other shells with typical geometries containing closed cavities;

[0432] (2) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of a tube and one or more local typical shells;

[0433] (3) A shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of several shells with typical geometric shapes;

[0434] (4) Composed of one or more Figure 3 And a shell containing a closed cavity, consisting of one or more typical local shells.

[0435] The aforementioned typical local shell is a portion of a shell with a typical geometry. Figure 4 Figure 5The selection range includes: spherical shells, ellipsoidal shells, conical shells, elliptical conical shells, pyramidal shells, cylindrical shells, frustum-shaped shells, frustum-shaped shells, elliptical cross-section frustum-shaped shells, saddle-shaped shells, and other typical geometries.

[0436] Preferably, the Figure 1 It is a pipe, and has one of the following characteristics:

[0437] (1) A pipe with no plugs at either end of the pipe hole, and the pipe wall has holes or no holes;

[0438] (2) A pipe with one end of the pipe hole sealed, or a hole in the pipe wall, or no hole.

[0439] (3) Both ends of the pipe are sealed, and there are holes in the pipe wall.

[0440] Preferably, the axis of the tube is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the tube is a curve; preferably, at least two of the cross-sections of the tube have different or the same dimensions.

[0441] Preferably, the housing and the tube are convex.

[0442] by Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 1 , Figure 5 The illustrated device serves as an example to illustrate a combined volume compensation device employing a type I support. These figures are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation on the invention.

[0443] Figure 1 Can be regarded as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 Cross-sectional view, Figure 5 The support device and Figure 1 The supporting device in the middle is the same device. Figure 2 respectively with Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 The combination represents the following four cases.

[0444] (1) In Figure 3 , Figure 1In the assembly, the support device 32 includes a steel pipe 3201 and a sealing device 3203. The steel pipe 3201 has holes 3202 in its wall, one end of the pipe is a convex shell, and the other end has internal threads that connect to the sealing device 3203, which has external threads. The sealing device has holes for the passage of the pipe 3101. A bladder-type pressure supply device 31 is installed in the cavity 331 of the support device 32 and is connected to an external fluid pressurization device via the pipe 3101. During installation, the bladder-type pressure supply device 31 is inserted into the steel pipe 3201 from the end with the sealing device 3203, and then the sealing device 3203 is screwed on. In the above-described support device, the cavity 331 is the internal area of ​​the support device, and the holes 3202 in the pipe wall are the connecting channels.

[0445] (2) In Figure 4 and Figure 1 In the assembly, the support device and Figure 1 The basics are the same, the difference is in Figure 4 The sealing device 3203 has no holes. Figure 1 The pressure supply device is a dispersion bag, which includes several short strip bags 31.

[0446] (3) When Figure 5 and in Figure 1 When combining, Figure 1 The pipe number 3201 and the bore number 3202 in the original drawings were changed to 321.01 and 321.02 respectively to maintain a strict correspondence between the two drawings. Figure 5 and in Figure 4 In the assembly, the support device includes an upper steel pipe 321.01, a lower steel pipe 322.01, and a connecting sleeve 323. The upper steel pipe 321.01 and the lower steel pipe 322.01 are separable and are connected together by the connecting sleeve 323 using a threaded connection. Dividing the support device into upper and lower parts allows the pressure supply device 31 to be installed into the cavity of the support device. The upper steel pipe of the support device has a hole 321.02, and the lower steel pipe has a hole 322.02.

[0447] (4) When Figure 1 and Figure 2 When combining, Figure 3 The steel pipe number 3201 and the pipe hole number 3202 were changed to 321.01 and 321.02 respectively. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the assembly, the support device and II-type support device Similar to the one in the previous example, the pressure supply device is a dispersion bladder, comprising several spherical air bladders and / or spherical gas-liquid bladders. If necessary, several solid elastic spheres can also be placed in the internal region 331 of the support device as a pressure supply device.

[0448] exist Shell segment combination ,Figure 6 , Figure 7 The hole 3212 on the wall of the middle tube is the connecting channel; in Figure 6 and Figure 7 Holes 321.02 and 322.02 are also connecting channels.

[0449] 1.3. Figure 8

[0450] The Type II support device is characterized in that the connection channel between the internal and external regions of the support device includes a slot or gap. A preferred embodiment of the Type II support device is that each device includes at least one of the following: a combination of a spiral band, a spiral wire, and a short tube. Single cross-section short tube combination device

[0451] 1.3.1. Spiral

[0452] Preferably, the spiral ribbon is a single type of circular spiral ribbon; preferably, the spiral ribbon shown is a variety of circular spiral ribbons.

[0453] The single-ring spiral strip is characterized by the fact that the cross-section of each turn is the same, there is a gap between two adjacent spiral strips along the axial direction, and the shape of the spiral strip is similar to the strip material in a spiral steel pipe.

[0454] Single cross-section short tube combination device and Multi cross-section short tube combination device The spiral band 32 is shown. In Multi cross-section short tube combination device There are gaps 3202 between each turn of the strip material 3201; Multi cross-section short tube combination device The figure is a top view, showing that the cross-section of the spiral ribbon is circular, and the spiral ribbon divides the inner region 331 and the outer region 333 of the spiral ribbon; the connecting channel between the inner region 331 and the outer region 333 is the gap 3202.

[0455] The multiple spiral bands are characterized in that at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: the cross-sectional shape and / or size of the regions around which these two spiral bands are respectively located are different. Preferably, in the multiple spiral bands, at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristic: there is an overlapping portion along the length direction between the two adjacent spiral bands, and a gap exists between the outer surface of one spiral band and the inner surface of the other spiral band in the overlapping portion. Preferably, in the multiple spiral bands, there is a gap along the length direction between two adjacent spiral bands. Preferably, the overall shape of the multiple spiral bands is frustum-shaped; preferably, the platform shape of the multiple spiral bands is ellipsoidal.

[0456] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the single or multiple spiral strips is convex. Preferably, the axis of the region surrounding the single or multiple spiral strips is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the region surrounding the single or multiple spiral strips is a curve. Preferably, multiple points on the single or multiple spiral strips are connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral strip.

[0457] 1.3.2. Spiral Wire

[0458] The spiral wire is characterized in that its shape resembles a helical spring. Preferably, the spiral wire is a single-coil spiral wire; more preferably, the spiral wire is a multi-coil spiral wire.

[0459] The single-type spiral wire is characterized in that the cross-section of the area encircled by each turn of the spiral wire is the same. The multiple-type spiral wire is characterized in that at least two turns of the spiral wire have different cross-sections encircling the area.

[0460] Preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is no gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires; preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is a gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires. Multi cross-section short tube combination device An example of such a spiral wire is shown. In the figure, the cross-section of the spiral wire is circular, and the cross-section of the wire material 3201 is also circular. Every six turns of the spiral wire form a cycle, in which there are no gaps between five turns of the spiral wire 3204, and only two turns of the spiral wire have a gap 3202 between them. The gap 3202 serves as a connecting channel between the inner region 331 and the outer region 333 of the spiral wire.

[0461] Preferably, in one of the plurality of spiral wires, the cross-section of the region enclosed by any two adjacent turns of the spiral wire is different. Preferably, the overall shape of the spiral wire is frustum-shaped, spherical, or ellipsoidal, or part of these geometries.

[0462] Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the region surrounded by the single-ring or / and multiple-ring spiral wires is convex; preferably, the axis of the region surrounded by the two spiral wires is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the region surrounded by the two spiral wires is a curve.

[0463] Preferably, the spiral wire has multiple points connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral wire.

[0464] Short tube combination 1.3.3.

[0465] The short tube assembly has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0466] (1) The short tube assembly device. Multi cross-section short tube combination device ,

[0467] The Figure 9 The characteristic is that all the short tubes have the same cross-sectional shape and size; at least two adjacent short tubes are like this, with a gap between their adjacent end faces.

[0468] (2) The short tube assembly is Figure 10

[0469] The Shell segment combination device The characteristic is that at least two adjacent short tubes are such that their cross-sectional shapes are different, or / and their cross-sectional dimensions are different.

[0470] Preferably, in one Shell segment complete combination device In this configuration, at least two adjacent short tubes are arranged such that a section of one tube is inserted into the bore of the other tube; preferably, the length of the overlapping portion of the two short tubes is less than half the length of either tube. Preferably, in one... Incomplete combination device In this case, there are at least two such short tubes with a gap between their end faces. III-type support device In the present invention, the following preferred forms exist: (1) there are only two types of short tubes with different cross-sections, with thick tubes and thin tubes arranged alternately; (2) from one end of the combined device to the other end, the diameter of the short tubes increases sequentially, and the overall shape of the device is approximately frustum-shaped; (3) from both ends of the combined device to the middle, the diameter of the short tubes increases sequentially, and the overall shape of the device is approximately jujube-shaped.

[0471] Preferably, the outer contour of the cross-section of the short pipe is convex; preferably, the line connecting the axes of the short pipes is a straight line; preferably, the line connecting the axes of the short pipes is a broken line, and the axes of two or more short pipes are tangent to the same curve.

[0472] The short tubes are connected to each other to ensure that they have a fixed relative position.

[0473] Figure 11 and Figure 12 A single-section short tube assembly 32 is shown, with gaps 3202 between the short tubes 3201. These gaps 3202 serve as connecting channels between the inner region 331 and the outer region 333. Each short tube 3201 is connected to four longitudinal reinforcing bars 35 by welding.

[0474] Assembly device for shell segmentation components (1.3.4)

[0475] The Figures 21 to 31This includes two preferred methods: a complete assembly of the housing components and a partial assembly of the housing components. In either of these methods... Figure 13 In all the combined devices, there is a gap between at least two of the housing segments.

[0476] The shell partition is a component obtained by dividing a shell. The assembled shape of the shell partitions is substantially the same as the shape and size of the shell before division. Preferably, the shell had a closed cavity before division. Figure 27 Includes all the partitions of a housing, the housing partitions Figure 28 The housing consists of a segment comprising only a portion of the housing. Preferably, the complete and incomplete assembly of the housing segment is outwardly projecting. Preferably, there are connections between the housing segments to ensure a fixed relative position between them.

[0477] Preferably, the shell used to obtain the shell segment is a shell with a typical geometry.

[0478] 1.4. Figure 29

[0479] Combination of Device a and Device b (1.4.1.)

[0480] The first preferred embodiment of the Type III support device is characterized by comprising device a and device b; device a is entirely surrounded by device b, or at least a portion of device a is surrounded by device b.

[0481] The selection range of the device a includes: a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, a pipe with perforated wall a2, a single type of spiral ribbon a31, multiple types of spiral ribbons a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a single type of cross-section short pipe combination device a51, multiple types of cross-section short pipe combination device a52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components a61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components a62.

[0482] The selection range of the device b includes: a perforated closed shell b11, a non-complete perforated closed shell b12, a pipe with perforated walls b2, a single type of spiral strip b31, multiple types of spiral strips b32, a single type of spiral wire b41, multiple types of spiral wire b42, a single type of cross-section short pipe combination device b51, multiple types of cross-section short pipe combination device b52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components b61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components b62.

[0483] Preferably, in the single-section short pipe assembly device b51 or the multi-section short pipe assembly device b52, there is a connecting device between the short pipes to ensure that there is a fixed relative position between the short pipes; preferably, each short pipe has a connecting device only with the device a to ensure that there is a fixed relative position between the short pipes and between the short pipes and the device a.

[0484] Preferably, in the single-section short pipe assembly a51, the inner contour line of the short pipe's cross-section is a corrugated closed curve, a trapezoidal wave closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve. Preferably, in the multi-section short pipe assembly b52, at least one short pipe's inner contour line of its cross-section is a corrugated closed curve, a trapezoidal wave closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve.

[0485] IV-type support device and Figure 32 A Type III support device is shown. Device a is selected as a single-section short tube assembly a51, and device b is selected as a single-section short tube assembly b51. Device a51 includes an inner short tube 3211 and a gap 3212 between the short tubes, and device b51 includes an outer short tube 3221 and a gap 3222 between the short tubes. Device a51 is located in the tube hole region of device b51. The gap 3212 between the inner short tubes 3211 faces the inner surface of the outer short tube 3221, while the gap 3222 between the outer short tubes 3221 faces the outer surface of the inner short tube 3211. The connection channel between the inner region 331 and the outer region 333 of the connecting support device 32 includes gaps 3212 between the inner short tubes, gaps 332 between the outer surface of the inner short tube 3211 and the inner surface of the outer short tube 3221, and gaps 3222 between the outer short tubes. The inner region 331 includes the tube hole region of the short tube 3211 and the region between the tube holes of adjacent short tubes 3211.

[0486] The short pipe 3211 in device a51 and the short pipe 3221 in device b51 are both connected to four steel bars 35. This connection can ensure that all the short pipes have a stable relative position.

[0487] Figure 33 All three schemes shown contain a Type III combined support device, which will be explained in more detail later.

[0488] Combination of Device C and Device D in Section 1.4.2.

[0489] The second preferred embodiment of the Type III support device is characterized by: (1) including device c and device d; (2) the selection range of device c includes a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, and a pipe a2 with perforated pipe walls; (3) the selection range of device d includes a pipe d1 with longitudinal slits. Figure 34 ), a long strip-shaped obstruction d22, a block-shaped obstruction d3, a non-closed ring-shaped obstruction d4; (4) the device d is located outside the outer surface of the outer surface of the device c.

[0490] Preferably, at least a portion of the holes in the housing wall or tube wall of the device c face the non-hole or seamless area on the device d.

[0491] Preferably, when the device c is a perforated closed shell a11 or a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, the device d is a long strip-shaped shield d21 or a block-shaped shield d3.

[0492] Preferably, when the device c is a pipe a2 with holes in the wall, the device d is a pipe d1 with a longitudinal slit, or a straight strip-shaped obstruction d22, or a block-shaped obstruction d3, or a non-closed annular obstruction d4.

[0493] Preferably, the holes on the wall of the perforated pipe c2 face the seamless area in the inner wall of the pipe d1 with longitudinal slits, or face the non-perforated area on the inner surface of the straight, elongated shield d22, or face the block shield d3, or face the seamless area on the inner surface of the non-closed annular shield d4.

[0494] Preferably, at least one of the elongated obstructions d22 has a longitudinal cross-sectional profile that is corrugated, trapezoidal, or sawtooth-shaped.

[0495] Preferably, in the first and second preferred embodiments of the Type III support device, the connecting channel between the inner region and the outer region of the support device contains a curved section or a turning point.

[0496] exist Figure 35 , V-type support device , Three-dimensional spiral device In the diagram, the elongated obstruction d22 included in the combined volume compensation device is a perforated arc-shaped plate 322. A detailed description will be provided in later embodiments.

[0497] 1.5. Three-dimensional ring device

[0498] The Type IV support device includes device e and device f; device e is a perforated shell, and its selection range includes a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, and a pipe a2 with perforated walls; device f is a connecting channel extension device.

[0499] Preferably, the connecting channel extension device includes thin tubes f1, each of which is connected to the device e. The orifice of each thin tube f1 is directly opposite a hole in the device e, and the medium in a flowable state can pass through the hole in the device e and the orifice of the thin tube f1.

[0500] by Spiral gap region and Three-dimensional ring gap region Let's take the e-f1 combination of type IV support devices as an example. The combined volume compensation device in the figure includes a support device 32 and a bladder-type pressure supply device 31. The support device includes a perforated tube 3201 (used as device e) and a thin tube 3203 (used as device f1). The thin tube is connected to the tube 3201 by threaded connection or welding. The perforation 3202 in the tube wall of tube 3201 communicates with the perforation of the thin tube 3203. When the fluid-solid conversion material becomes solid, the fluid-solid conversion material in the perforation of the thin tube 3203 adheres to the tube wall of the thin tube, forming a whole with the thin tube to seal the perforation 3202 in the tube wall of tube 3201. This solution is suitable when the pressure in the surrounding medium is extremely high, or / and when the strength of the medium in the internal area, external area, and connecting channel of the support device is low.

[0501] Preferably, the connecting channel extension device includes several pairs of thin plates f2, with a gap between each pair of thin plates, and one or more holes of the device e are located in the gap, the gap being an extension of the connecting channel.

[0502] Preferably, in the connection channel extension device f comprising at least one or more pairs of thin plates f2, at least one thin plate f21 is parallel to the axis of the tube. Preferably, in the at least one pair of thin plates f2 used as the connection channel extension device, at least one thin plate f22 is perpendicular to the axis of the tube. Preferably, in the at least one pair of thin plates f2 used as the connection channel extension device, at least one pair of spiral plates is included, the spiral plates surrounding the device e, the spacing between the two spiral plates is constant or varies within a certain range, and multiple holes on the device e are located in the gaps of the same pair of spiral plates.

[0503] by Figure 36 and Figures 38 to 41Let's take the e-f2 combination of the type IV support device as an example. In the figure, the pressure supply device is a bladder-type pressure supply device 31, and the support device is a pipe 3201 with both ends sealed (used as device e). The pipe 3201 has two rows of holes 3202 on its wall, and two thin plates 3203 (used as device f2) are provided on both sides of each row of holes. The thin plates are welded to the outer wall of the pipe. There is a gap region 3204 between the two thin plates 3203. When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, the material in region 3204 bonds with the thin plates 3203 to form a long strip-shaped composite. Compared with a pipe with holes in the wall without thin plates 3203, the addition of thin plates can effectively prevent the material near the holes 3202 from being damaged by pressure.

[0504] Preferably, in the type IV support device, the connecting channel between the inner region and the outer region of the support device contains a curved section or a turning point.

[0505] 1.6. Three-dimensional ring device

[0506] V-shaped support device includes Three-dimensional ring device or Figure 36 Between two adjacent turns of the spiral device is Three-dimensional spiral device 3201 Between the three-dimensional ring devices are Spiral gap region The dimension H1 of the spiral gap region in each turn is smaller in the axial direction than the dimension R1 in the radial direction. Spiral gap region The dimension H1 of each annular gap region in the axial direction is smaller than its dimension R1 in the radial direction. Three-dimensional spiral device The spiral gap region and the three-dimensional annular gap region are connecting channels connecting the internal and external regions of the support device.

[0507] Preferably, the Thin wall protection device The cross-section is annular. Preferably, the... Three-dimensional ring gap region The region on the cross-section lies between two closed curves that do not overlap, one of which is located within the region enclosed by the other closed curve. Preferably, the selection ranges for the outer closed curve (located outside the annular region) and the inner closed curve (located inside the annular region) include the boundary lines of circles, ellipses, polygons, rounded polygons, or closed lines composed of curves and straight lines.

[0508] For example. Figure 37 For a kind of Figure 37 The support device, the adjacent turns of the support device are Figure 383202, A circular hole region 3200 exists on the cross-section of the support device, and the circular hole region is used to house the pressure supply device. In the working state, the pressure supply device is placed in the circular hole region 3200 of the support device; in the circular hole regions outside the pressure supply device, in the peripheral region of the support device, and in... Three-dimensional ring gap region The interior is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material. When the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies, it bonds with the helical body to form a composite shell, which together bears the radial stress on its exterior. Additionally, due to... Thin wall protection device The solid fluid-solid conversion material in the helical gap region is laterally constrained. Even when the pressure supply device cannot provide radial pressure to the surrounding area, the helical device can effectively prevent the material from expanding into the circular hole region, thus improving the compressive strength of the material in the helical region along the axis of the support device. Preferably, a sleeve is fitted over the bladder-like pressure supply device. Figure 40 To prevent the bladder-type pressure supply device from being squeezed out during lateral expansion. Sheet device It can be punctured or torn. The thin-walled protective device is made of thin-walled material rolled into a closed cross-section shape; preferably, the closed cross-section shape is a circular spiral shape. Rod-shaped material ). Thin wall protection device The circular thin-walled protective device 3101 is shown being fitted over the bladder-type pressure supply device 31.

[0509] Thin wall protection device and 39 Another V-shaped support device is shown, which is formed by repeatedly folding a strip of material with regularly distributed circular holes. In the figure, the circular holes of the folded strip are aligned with each other, and the area with the holes is used to house the pressure supply device. In the working state, the circular holes are located in the area 3200 outside the pressure supply device, in the outer area of ​​the support device, and in... Slit thin wall protection device 3202 is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material. Preferably, a bladder-like pressure supply device is fitted over it. The slit thin wall protection device is characterized in that Thin wall protection device

[0510] ​ and 41 A third type of V-shaped support device is shown, which holds the device with a circular hole. ​ 3201 ​ ​ 3205 are connected together, and there is a gap region 3202 between the sheet devices. In the figure, the circular hole region is used to house the pressure supply device 31. In the working state, the circular hole region 3200 outside the pressure supply device, the outer region of the support device, and the three-dimensional spiral region 3202 are filled with a fluid-solid conversion material 33. Preferably, a bladder-like pressure supply device is fitted over it. ​ ​

[0511] Preferably, in the V-shaped support device, at the interface between the support device material and the narrow gap area, there are distributed protruding areas and / or recessed areas, and / or distributed holes on the surface of the support material, in order to improve the shear strength between the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device material surface.

[0512] Preferably, in the support device, the center point of each circular hole is on the same straight line; preferably, the center point of each circular hole is on the same curve.

[0513] Preferably, when the axis of the support device is curved, wire mesh is used instead. ​ Encased in a bladder-like pressure supply device.

[0514] Preferably, when the axis of the support device is curved, the following method is adopted: ​ The aforementioned ​ ​ When unfolded into a plane ​ Several slits are machined into a thin-walled material, but the thin-walled material remains connected. Preferably, the length direction of the slits is perpendicular to the length direction of the thin-walled material; preferably, the thin-walled material with slits has a long strip region, the length direction of which is also the length direction of the thin-walled material; the root of each slit is located on the long boundary line of the long strip region. Preferably, one long boundary line of the long strip region is one side boundary line of the thin-walled material; both long boundary lines of the long strip region are at a distance from the boundary line of the thin-walled material. Preferably, two types of slits, A and B, are added to the thin-walled material unfolded into a plane. One end of the type A slit is located on the same long boundary a of the thin-walled material, and one end of the type B slit is located on another long boundary b of the thin-walled material. There is one type B slit between two adjacent type A slits, and one type A slit between two adjacent type B slits.

[0515] Preferably, when the axis of the support device is curved, the following method is adopted: Single wire protection device Protective pressure supply device for bladder-type structures. Single wire protection device Features yes, When unfolded into a planar shape, the steel wire has a trapezoidal wave shape; when the steel wire is coiled into a cylinder, the steel wires at the upper horizontal section of the trapezoidal wave are on the same straight line A, and the steel wires at the lower horizontal section of the trapezoidal wave are also on the same straight line B. Between straight lines A and B, there are steel wires at the rising and falling edges of the trapezoidal wave.

[0516] Technical effect analysis. When the combined volume compensation device is used in a steel-concrete composite member with an arched axis, the axis of the V-shaped support device also needs to be an arched curve. The axis of the V-shaped support device can be easily machined into the required arched curve by hand.

[0517] 1.7. Type VI support device

[0518] The VI-type support device is characterized by comprising device a and device b; device a is entirely surrounded by device b, or at least a portion of device a is surrounded by device b.

[0519] The selection range of the device a includes: a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, a pipe with perforated wall a2, a single type of spiral ribbon a31, multiple types of spiral ribbons a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a single type of cross-section short pipe combination device a51, multiple types of cross-section short pipe combination device a52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components a61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components a62.

[0520] The device b has the following characteristic: in cross-section, the device b can change the area it encloses.

[0521] When the flowable material in the area surrounded or enclosed by device b expands outwards, device b can increase the area it encloses in cross-section. When the volume of flowable material in the inner region of device b decreases, and the flowable material in the outer region of device b compresses device b, the area enclosed by device b in cross-section will decrease accordingly.

[0522] The selection range of device b includes constant perimeter device and variable perimeter device.

[0523] The Constant perimeter device It is a thin-walled tube with the following characteristics: at least two points on the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube have different curvatures in cross-section; the cross-sectional area increases when the cross-section becomes circular; and the length of the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube remains almost constant during the process of the cross-section becoming circular. Preferably, the cross-section of device b contains an inwardly convex portion; preferably, the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube is a corrugated line, a sawtooth line, or a trapezoidal corrugated curve.

[0524] The Variable perimeter device The characteristic is that, in cross-section, the device can change its enclosed area by varying its perimeter. Preferably, the variable perimeter device is a cylinder made of thin-walled material, and in cross-section, the thin-walled material in the cylinder has overlapping portions, allowing relative sliding between the overlapping portions. When sliding occurs, the area enclosed by the cylinder changes.

[0525] by Figure 42 Let's take an example to illustrate the constant perimeter device. In... Figure 42 In the middle, part a of the support device is a pipe 321 with holes 3212 in the pipe wall 3211, and the pipe is as follows: Figure 1 and 2As shown. The connecting channel between the inner region 331 and the outer region 333 of the tube 321 is the tube hole 3212. The outer region 333 is located between the tube wall 3211 and the tube 322 with a corrugated cross section. The tube 322 is used as a constant circumference device.

[0526] use Figure 43 Explain the variable perimeter device. In Figure 43 The variable perimeter device is a cylinder 322 made of thin sheet metal, with two coils and an overlap of one circumference. As the flowable material in region 333 increases, the material pushes the variable perimeter device to increase its cross-section.

[0527] Device b in the type VI support device can diffuse the pressure near the hole 3211 on the pipe wall of the pipe 321 to a wider area, preventing damage to the solid fluid-solid conversion material near the hole, or reducing the extent of the damage area.

[0528] 1.8. Type VII support device

[0529] The cross-section of the Type VII support device is a helical shape with a stable shape and gaps between the turns. The area enclosed by the inner turns of the helical body is the internal region of the support device, and the gaps between the turns serve as connecting channels between the internal and external regions. The pressure supply device is placed within the internal region of the helical body.

[0530] Preferably, the helix is ​​made of metal; preferably, the helix is ​​made of steel. Preferably, the helix is ​​formed by rolling a sheet metal; preferably, the ratio of the outer circumference of the helix to the outer thickness of the helix is ​​less than 50, or less than 30, or less than 10; the outer thickness of the helix is ​​approximately equal to the thickness of the sheet metal used to make the helix.

[0531] Figure 44 This is one of the preferred solutions for the Type VII support device. The spiral 321 has 2.5 turns, with gaps 322 between each turn. The inner turn of the spiral surrounds the internal region 331, where a bladder-like pressure supply device 31 is placed. A fluid-solid conversion material is filled between the outer surface of the pressure supply device 31 and the inner turn of the spiral, in the gap regions 322 between the turns of the spiral, and in the surrounding region 333 of the outer turn of the spiral. When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, it can flow into or out of the internal region 331 from the gap regions 322; when the fluid-solid conversion material becomes solid, it bonds with the spiral to form a composite shell, which can withstand the pressure applied by the surrounding medium.

[0532] Preferably, the surface of each turn of the helical material has uneven regions to increase the shear resistance between the helical material and the solid fluid-solid transition material. Preferably, the helical material is machined with... Adhesive Pores The adhesive pores are used to increase the adhesion and shear resistance between the spiral and the solid fluid-solid conversion material.

[0533] Preferably, a connecting device is provided between at least two adjacent turns in each turn of the spiral. The connecting device prevents relative movement between the two contacting spiral turns, enhances the stiffness between the two spiral turns, and increases the overall stiffness of the spiral. Preferably, the connecting devices are distributed on the surface of the spiral material according to a certain pattern. The distributed connecting devices act as pins, preventing relative sliding between the solid fluid-solid conversion material and the spiral.

[0534] Preferably, the spiral material is processed with... passage hole The channel opening serves as a connecting channel between the inner and outer regions. Preferably, it is on a certain spiral material. passageway hole The area of ​​the spiral material without channels or pores on one or both adjacent turns. Preferably, the area of ​​a single channel or pore is larger than that of a single channel or pore. Thickening pores Hole The area.

[0535] 1.9. Pressure supply device

[0536] The range of pressure supply devices includes pressurization devices, energy storage devices, and pressurized energy storage devices.

[0537] Energy storage devices (1.9.1)

[0538] The energy storage device has the following characteristics.

[0539] When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases, and the energy storage device absorbs energy; or / and when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases, and the energy storage device releases energy.

[0540] The range of energy storage devices includes airbags, gas-liquid airbags, liquid energy storage airbags, solid elastomer energy storage devices, elastic shell energy storage devices, and combined energy storage devices. Some pressurized devices also have energy storage functions.

[0541] The airbag is characterized by being filled with compressed gas. The gas-liquid bladder is characterized by being filled with liquefied gas, with a portion of the internal medium in a gaseous state and another portion in a liquid state. The gas-liquid bladder's characteristic is that the gas pressure within it is determined by the properties of the gaseous substance and temperature. Because the gas pressure is independent of volume, even with large changes in apparent volume, the gas-liquid bladder can provide a constant pressure to the surrounding medium as long as both gas and liquid are present. Both the airbag and the gas-liquid bladder possess energy storage properties.

[0542] The energy storage bladder is characterized in that it is connected to the accumulator via a pipeline. When the liquid pressure in the bladder increases, the liquid is squeezed into the accumulator; when the liquid pressure in the bladder decreases, the liquid in the accumulator flows out of the accumulator.

[0543] The elastomeric energy storage device is characterized in that it does not contain macroscopic cavities, and the material of the device is a material with a high elastic deformation, such as rubber or polyurethane.

[0544] The elastic shell energy storage device is characterized by having an outer shell made of elastic material that surrounds a closed cavity; when subjected to surrounding liquid pressure, at least a portion of the outer shell undergoes bending deformation. This type of shell primarily stores energy through bending deformation.

[0545] The combined energy storage device is characterized in that it includes a material E with a large elastic deformation and a material S with a large stiffness, wherein the apparent volume deformation of the energy storage device is converted into shear elastic deformation of material S. Preferably, the material E with a large elastic deformation is selected from materials such as rubber and polyurethane; preferably, the material S with a large stiffness is selected from materials such as steel, aluminum, and fiber-reinforced composite materials.

[0546] 1.9.2. Pressurization device

[0547] The pressurizing device is characterized by its ability to change or maintain the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact with it.

[0548] The range of pressurization devices includes pressurization airbags, pressurization liquid bags, pressurization gas-liquid bags, self-expanding devices, and pressurization devices utilizing osmotic pressure.

[0549] The pressurized airbag is connected to a pressure source via a pipeline, which can regulate the gas pressure in the pipeline and the airbag. Preferably, the pressure source is an air pump. When the air pump stops working, the pressurized airbag becomes an energy storage device.

[0550] The pressurized liquid bladder is connected to a hydraulic power source via a pipeline, which can regulate the liquid pressure in the pipeline and the bladder. Preferably, an accumulator is also connected to the pipeline of the pressurized liquid bladder. If the accumulator volume is small, the accumulator only serves to stabilize the pressure, and the pressurized liquid bladder can still be regarded as a pressurized liquid bladder; if the accumulator volume is large, the pressurized liquid bladder becomes a pressurized energy storage liquid bladder.

[0551] The pressurized gas-liquid bladder is connected to a gas pressure source and / or a hydraulic pressure source via a pipeline, and the gas pressure source and / or the hydraulic pressure source can adjust the gas and / or liquid pressure in the pipeline and the gas-liquid bladder.

[0552] 1.9.3. Pressurized Energy Storage Device

[0553] The pressurized energy storage device has the following characteristics A and B.

[0554] The characteristic A is,

[0555] Pressurized energy storage devices can change or maintain the pressure between their outer surface and the medium in contact with it;

[0556] The characteristic B is,

[0557] Under the condition that other influencing factors remain unchanged, if the pressure of the surrounding fluid medium increases, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device decreases; or / and if the pressure of the surrounding fluid medium decreases, the apparent volume of the pressurized energy storage device increases.

[0558] The selection range of the pressurized energy storage device includes pressurized airbags, pressurized gas-liquid airbags, pressurized energy storage liquid airbags, Type A self-expanding devices, and Type B self-expanding devices.

[0559] Both pressurized airbags and pressurized gas-liquid airbags contain gas, and these two pressurization devices also have energy storage functions. Therefore, both devices can be regarded as pressurized energy storage devices.

[0560] The pressurized energy storage bladder is characterized in that it is connected to both a hydraulic power source and an accumulator via pipelines. The hydraulic power source can regulate the liquid pressure in the pipelines; the accumulator can store and release energy and stabilize the liquid pressure.

[0561] 1.10. Pressure Supply Devices and Classification

[0562] According to their applications, the bladder-type pressurization devices include the following three types: bladder-type pressurization devices, bladder-type energy storage devices, and bladder-type pressurized energy storage devices. The bladder-type pressurization devices can be further divided into pressurized air bladders, pressurized liquid bladders, and pressurized gas-liquid bladders; the bladder-type energy storage devices can be divided into air bladders, gas-liquid bladders, and energy-storing liquid bladders; and the bladder-type pressurized energy storage devices can be divided into pressurized air bladders, pressurized gas-liquid bladders, and pressurized energy-storing liquid bladders.

[0563] Based on the deformation characteristics of the bladder, the bladder-type pressure supply devices include the following types: ordinary bladder, upper limit bladder, lower limit bladder, and dual-limit bladder. Preferably, the air bladder, gas-liquid bladder, and liquid bladder used as the pressure supply device can all be selected as ordinary bladder, upper limit bladder, lower limit bladder, and dual-limit bladder; correspondingly, the air bladder is successively called ordinary air bladder, upper limit air bladder, lower limit air bladder, and dual-limit air bladder, the liquid bladder is successively called ordinary liquid bladder, upper limit liquid bladder, lower limit liquid bladder, and upper limit liquid bladder, and the gas-liquid bladder is successively called ordinary gas-liquid bladder, upper limit gas-liquid bladder, lower limit gas-liquid bladder, and dual-limit gas-liquid bladder.

[0564] 《1.10.1.》Ordinary Bag

[0565] The ordinary bladder can achieve apparent volume changes by changing its shape and / or size. Preferably, the bladder wall is made of a material that is easily bent and / or easily stretched. Preferably, the bladder wall material is rubber. The bladder walls of the ordinary air bladder, ordinary gas-liquid bladder, and ordinary liquid bladder are all made of materials that are easily bent and easily stretched; preferably, the bladder wall material of the ordinary air bladder, ordinary gas-liquid bladder, and ordinary liquid bladder is rubber.

[0566] When the storage device is a conventional airbag or a conventional gas-liquid bladder, one preferred approach is to inflate the airbag or gas-liquid bladder to the designed pressure value only when the airbag or gas-liquid bladder is inside the cavity of the supporting device. When the air pressure reaches the designed value, the outer wall of the airbag or gas-liquid bladder is in close contact with the inner wall of the supporting device, and there is contact compressive stress. The air pressure in the airbag or gas-liquid bladder is almost equal to the normal stress between the outer surface of the airbag or gas-liquid bladder and the inner surface of the supporting device. Preferably, a shield is placed in the holes or gaps in the inner wall of the supporting device to prevent the bladder wall from being squeezed into the holes or gaps. Preferably, the shield is a sheet-like article; more preferably, the shield is a plastic sheet.

[0567] The upper limit of the 1.10.2.

[0568] The upper limit bladder has the following characteristics: if the inner and outer surfaces of the bladder wall are only in contact with fluid and the internal pressure is higher than the external pressure, then, (1) when the pressure difference between the inside and outside is less than a certain critical value, the apparent volume of the upper limit bladder increases significantly with the increase of the pressure difference between the inside and outside; (2) when the pressure difference between the inside and outside is greater than a certain critical value, the apparent volume and external shape of the upper limit bladder are relatively stable and no longer change significantly with the increase of the pressure difference.

[0569] Preferably, the upper limit bladder changes its volume by changing its shape; preferably, the bladder wall material is a material that can be bent but has very little tensile deformation; preferably, the bladder wall material is a thin-walled metal material; preferably, the bladder wall material is manufactured by coating a high-strength fiber fabric with an airtight material such as curable rubber.

[0570] Preferably, the upper limit bladder is a constraint sleeve wrapped around a regular bladder. The constraint sleeve is made of high-strength fiber, and when the regular bladder expands to a point of close contact with the constraint sleeve, the constraint sleeve restricts the expansion of the bladder wall. If the internal fluid pressure is further increased, the bladder wall and the constraint sleeve will work together to resist the pressure of the fluid inside the bladder, thus limiting the amount of bladder expansion.

[0571] Preferably, the upper limit bladder is an upper limit air bladder or an upper limit gas-liquid bladder; preferably, when the upper limit bladder reaches its upper volume limit, its shape and size are suitable for being placed into the cavity of the support device.

[0572] Preferably, an upper limit airbag or upper limit air-liquid airbag with the required air pressure is placed in the cavity of the support device, and the upper limit airbag fills or almost fills the cavity; preferably, multiple upper limit airbags or upper limit air-liquid airbags with the required air pressure are placed in the cavity of the support device.

[0573] Preferably, the support device is a circular cross-section tube, and a circular tubular upper limit airbag or a circular tubular upper limit gas-liquid airbag is placed inside the tube as an energy storage device. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 The length of the upper limit airbag 31 or the upper limit gas-liquid airbag 31 is less than the length of the support device. Figure 2 When the airbag 31 or the gas-liquid airbag 31 reaches its upper limit volume, its outer diameter of cross-section is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the tube.

[0574] Preferably, multiple cylindrical upper limit airbags or upper limit gas-liquid airbags are placed inside the tube, and the total length of the airbags or gas-liquid airbags is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the support device.

[0575] Preferably, the support device is a tube with a large diameter, and multiple spherical upper limit airbags or spherical upper limit gas-liquid airbags are placed inside the tube, see Figure 5 Preferably, at least one end of the pipe is not sealed; preferably, both ends of the pipe are sealed.

[0576] Preferably, when the upper limit of volume is reached, the diameter of the spherical upper limit airbag or the upper limit gas-liquid airbag is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the support device; preferably, when the upper limit of volume is reached, the ratio of the diameter of the spherical upper limit airbag or the upper limit gas-liquid airbag to the inner diameter of the tube is between 0.5 and 0.7, or between 0.7 and 0.95.

[0577] Preferably, the support device is a spherical shell or an ellipsoidal shell, and one or more spherical upper limit airbags or upper limit gas-liquid bladders are placed in the cavity of the shell.

[0578] Lower limit of 1.10.3.

[0579] The lower limit bladder has the following characteristics: when the internal and external pressure difference is negative, the shape and / or apparent volume of the bladder is the shape and volume required by design. The internal and external pressure difference is the difference between the fluid pressure inside the bladder and the fluid pressure outside the bladder.

[0580] Preferably, the lower limiting bladder contains gas, and a support of a certain shape is placed inside the lower limiting bladder. The shape of the support determines the final shape of the bladder wall under external high pressure. Preferably, the shape of the support includes trefoil, tetralobate, dumbbell, circular, etc., see below. Figure 17Preferably, the support is made of a trilobal, quadrilobal, dumbbell-shaped, or circular steel tube, with numerous small holes distributed on the tube wall to allow gas to pass through; preferably, the diameter of the small holes is between 0.1-1 mm. When the bladder wall is pressed into contact with the outer surface of the steel tube, the gas in the air bladder, or the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid bladder, is forced into the interior of the steel tube. Sealing devices are provided at both ends of the steel tube, with smooth surfaces to prevent puncturing the bladder wall.

[0581] Preferably, the tangential elongation of the wall material of the lower limiting sac is very small, and dumbbell-shaped, trilobal, or quadrilobal supports are placed inside (see...). Figure 17 The perimeter of the lower limit bladder should be slightly greater than or equal to the perimeter of the support. In this case, the lower limit bladder is actually a double-limit bladder.

[0582] Preferably, the bladder wall material has a high tangential elongation capacity (such as rubber), and the support can be dumbbell-shaped, trilobal-shaped, or tetralobal-shaped. Figure 17 Besides ), you can also choose shapes such as circles, triangles, and squares.

[0583] Figure 18 and Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram showing the trilobal support being inserted into the bladder. At this point, the static pressure on the outer surface of the surrounding bladder wall presses the bladder wall 312 tightly against the surface of the support 311. The shape of the bladder wall 312 is the same as that of the support 311. Figure 18 When the fluid pressure inside the bladder is greater than the surrounding static pressure, the lower limit of the bladder expands; when the bladder wall is fully expanded, the cross-section will be approximately circular, see... Figure 10 .

[0584] Preferably, the lower limit bladder is filled with a liquefiable gas, or simultaneously filled with a liquefiable gas and a liquid. When the external pressure reaches or exceeds the design value, the gas inside the bladder is compressed into a liquid. The liquid inside the bladder has a fixed volume, which can prevent damage to the bladder wall material due to severe wrinkling.

[0585] 《1.10.4.》Dual-limit airbag, dual-limit air-liquid airbag

[0586] In the combined volume compensation device, the pressure supply device is a dual-limiting airbag and / or a dual-limiting gas-liquid airbag.

[0587] Both dual-limit airbags and dual-limit gas-liquid airbags possess the characteristics of both an upper limit airbag and a lower limit airbag, meaning they have the following two characteristics:

[0588] (1) Under the condition that both the inner and outer surfaces of the bladder wall are in contact with the fluid, when the pressure difference exceeds a certain critical value, the apparent volume and external shape of the upper limit bladder are relatively stable and no longer change significantly with the increase of the pressure difference. The pressure difference is the difference between the fluid pressure inside the bladder and the fluid pressure outside the bladder;

[0589] (2) When the pressure difference is negative, the shape and / or apparent volume of the airbag and the air-liquid bag are the shape and volume required by the design.

[0590] 1.10.5. Long pouch

[0591] When the support device is a pipe with perforated walls, one of the preferred types of pressure supply devices is a long bladder.

[0592] The elongated bladder is characterized in that, after being filled with fluid, it has an elongated shape. Preferably, the elongated bladder is a single, elongated bladder, characterized in that the bladder wall is made of a single piece of the same material.

[0593] Preferably, the elongated bladder is an elongated composite bladder, which includes a flexible tube wall and sealing devices at both ends, with the flexible tube wall connected to the sealing devices at both ends.

[0594] Preferably, the material of the flexible pipe wall is capable of bending at least in the circumferential direction, and the bending stiffness is close to 0; preferably, the elongation strain of the material of the flexible pipe in the circumferential direction is less than a given value δ; preferably, the elongation strain of the material of the flexible pipe in the circumferential direction is greater than a given value δ; preferably, δ is less than or equal to 5%.

[0595] Preferably, the flexible tube wall is a rubber tube or a flexible PVC tube that can elongate in the circumferential direction. Preferably, the flexible tube wall is a thin-walled metal tube with a wall thickness close to the side wall thickness of an aluminum can; preferably, before the fluid is filled into the bladder, the cross-sectional shape of the bladder is trilobal or quadrilobal.

[0596] Preferably, the elongated bladder is a regular bladder, an upper limit bladder, a lower limit bladder, or a dual-limit bladder.

[0597] Long, narrow, ordinary sacs have a weakness: they are prone to radial expansion exceeding that of other segments within a certain range, even to the point of rupture; they are also prone to radial compression exceeding that of other segments within a certain range, even to the point of being flattened.

[0598] The advantage of a double-limited capsule is that if the length of the capsule...

[0599] 1.10.6. Dispersible capsules

[0600] Preferably, in the combined volume compensation device, the pressure supply device is a dispersion capsule. The dispersion capsule is characterized by containing multiple capsule-type pressure supply devices within the internal region of the support device. Figure 3 In the support device 32, the internal region contains multiple short, elongated airbags and / or elongated gas-liquid airbags; Figure 5 In the support device 32, the internal area contains multiple spherical airbags and / or spherical gas-liquid airbags.

[0601] The advantages of dispersion capsules are: when the mechanical properties of the fluid-solid transition material in the region are non-uniform or / and the pressure is non-uniform, each dispersion capsule can still undergo volume change; if the volume change of the dispersion capsule is considered as a whole, the total volume change of the dispersion capsule can be relatively uniformly distributed in each individual dispersion capsule. However, if a large capsule is used to replace numerous dispersion capsules, the large capsule is prone to significant expansion or contraction in a certain local area.

[0602] 1.11. Self-expanding device

[0603] The self-expanding device is a device whose apparent volume can expand, or a device whose apparent volume can expand under certain conditions.

[0604] Preferably, the self-expanding device includes type A, type B and type C self-expanding devices; preferably, the type A self-expanding device includes type A1a and type A1b self-expanding devices.

[0605] Type A Self-Expanding Device (1.11.1.)

[0606] The Type A self-expanding device comprises an outer casing and a gas generating device. The outer casing is a sealed device made of an impermeable or nearly impermeable material that can alter its apparent volume, or a sealed device whose shape and apparent volume can be altered; impermeability means that pressurized gas and / or liquid cannot leak through the outer casing. When certain preset conditions are met, the gas generating device generates gas, which compresses the outer casing from the inside, increasing the apparent volume of the self-expanding device.

[0607] Preferably, the outer skin of the type A self-expanding device is a closed device made of polymer material, which, when fully inflated, has a tubular, spherical, or ellipsoidal shape; preferably, the polymer material is rubber.

[0608] Preferably, the outer casing of the type A self-expanding device is a non-circular cross-section thin-walled metal tube sealed at both ends. When the inner wall is compressed, the thin-walled tube undergoes a shape change, and the apparent volume increases.

[0609] Type A1 self-expanding device (1.11.2.)

[0610] The gas generating device in the Type A1 self-expanding device contains at least two materials, which are normally isolated from each other; when certain conditions are met, the two materials are mixed together, a chemical reaction occurs, and gas is generated, which pushes the outer skin to expand.

[0611] Preferably, when the pressure on the gas generating device reaches a preset value, the two materials are mixed to generate gas. Preferably, the two materials are sodium bicarbonate and a liquid containing hydrogen ions. Preferably, a safety valve is installed on the self-expanding device to ensure that the gas pressure is maintained near the preset value. When the gas pressure exceeds the preset pressure value of the safety valve, the gas is discharged from the valve port; when the gas pressure is lower than the preset value, the safety valve closes.

[0612] Preferably, the two materials that generate gas are water and polyurethane grout.

[0613] 1.11.3. Type A1a self-expanding device – brittle outer shell capsule

[0614] The Type 1a self-expanding device contains chemical component a within a sealed space enclosed by its outer shell, and a device encasing chemical component b within a brittle outer shell. When chemical components a and b are mixed, they generate gas. To induce expansion of the self-expanding device, it is simply squeezed. The expansion mechanism is as follows: when the outer shell of the self-expanding device is squeezed, it compresses the brittle inner shell, causing it to rupture. This allows chemical components a and b to mix, generating gas, which then propels the outer shell to expand.

[0615] Preferably, the brittle outer shell is a tube 313 made of a brittle material, closed at both ends, with a non-circular cross-section. Further, the cross-section of the brittle material tube is elliptical, rectangular, or a combination of a rectangle and two semicircles, see [reference needed]. Figure 14 Preferably, the brittle material is a brittle polymer or glass; more preferably, the brittle polymer is a brittle plastic.

[0616] Preferably, the outer casing of the self-expanding device is a rubber tube 310 sealed at both ends, see... Figure 15 The rubber tube contains chemical component a (312) and a rectangular glass tube 313 sealed at both ends. The liquid inside the glass tube is chemical component b (314). When the rubber tube is squeezed by the surrounding hydrostatic pressure, the rubber tube squeezes the indigo root 313 inside, causing it to rupture. This allows the liquid chemical component a (314) to flow out and react with component b (312) to produce gas. Further, component a is sodium carbonate and component b is hydrochloric acid. Preferably, component a is polyurethane grout and component b is water. The two are mixed and foamed, resulting in volume expansion. After curing, the product also has a certain strength.

[0617] Preferably, the mass of chemical components a and b is determined based on the mass of the produced gas, which is determined based on the ambient temperature, gas volume, and gas pressure.

[0618] Preferably, a safety valve is provided on the self-expanding device to release part of the gas when the gas pressure exceeds the preset value, ensuring that the pressure does not exceed the specified value.

[0619] 1.11.4. Type A1b self-expanding device – brittle outer shell capsule

[0620] Two sealed devices, A and B, are placed in the sealed space of a type A1b self-expanding device. Both devices have brittle outer shells. Device A contains a chemical component a, and device B contains another chemical component b. When components a and b are mixed, they generate gas. When devices A and B are compressed by their outer shell 310, they break successively. The mixture of components a and b produces gas, which expands and pushes the self-expanding device to expand, increasing its apparent volume.

[0621] Preferably, the self-expanding device is a PVC pipe 310 sealed at both ends, see Figure 16 Inside the PVC pipe 310 are two rectangular, brittle plastic tubes 311 and 313, each closed at both ends. Tube 311 is filled with a liquid 312 of chemical composition a, and tube 313 is filled with a liquid 3214 of chemical composition b. When the brittle plastic tubes are compressed by the outer sheath of the self-expanding device, if the pressure reaches a certain value, tubes 3211 and 3213 will rupture sequentially or simultaneously. When liquids 314 and 312 from both tubes flow out, they mix and undergo a chemical reaction, producing gas that pushes the rubber tubes outwards.

[0622] Preferably, component a is a sodium carbonate solution and component b is hydrochloric acid.

[0623] Preferably, component a is polyurethane grout and component b is water. When the two are mixed, they foam and expand in volume. After curing, the resulting product also has a certain strength.

[0624] 1.11.5. Type B Self-Expanding Device – Shape Memory Alloy Device

[0625] The type B self-expanding device is made of shape memory alloy, or the material used contains shape memory alloy.

[0626] When the temperature changes, the shape of the shape memory alloy changes, which in turn causes the volume of the self-expanding device to change.

[0627] When the temperature is within the T1 range, the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the self-expanding device is at its minimum or close to its minimum; when the temperature is within the T2 range, the outer surface volume of the device is at its maximum or close to its maximum; the internal temperature of the combined structure is not within the T1 range, but is within the T2 range.

[0628] Before applying pressure to the material of part B in the cavity surrounded by part A, the shape memory alloy self-expanding device is placed in the temperature range of T1; after being placed in the cavity surrounded by part A, the outer volume of the device expands due to the temperature being in the temperature range of T2, thus compressing the material of part B.

[0629] A commonly used self-expanding device is a tube made of shape memory alloy and sealed at both ends. When the temperature enters the T2 range, the cross-sectional shape of the tube wall changes, the volume surrounding the outer surface expands, and pressure is applied to the cement-containing material; when the cross-sectional shape of the tube wall changes, at least one section of the tube wall bends; since the tube wall can store a large amount of elastic energy when it bends, this device also has an energy storage function.

[0630] Another type of self-expanding device is made by combining flexible materials with shape memory alloys. When the shape memory alloy changes shape, it causes the flexible material to change as well, thereby changing the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the self-expanding device.

[0631] Working characteristics of the combined volume compensation device (1.12.)

[0632] When the combined volume compensation device works in conjunction with the fluid-solid conversion material, it has the following two characteristics, A and B.

[0633] (a) The aforementioned characteristic A is,

[0634] When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the connecting channel is suitable for the fluid-solid conversion material to flow through it;

[0635] (ii) The characteristic B mentioned above is,

[0636] When a fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state, it possesses the following characteristics I, II, or III.

[0637] (1) The characteristic I is,

[0638] At least one region P1 exists with the following characteristics:

[0639] There is a support structure in region P1;

[0640] If there is a solidified fluid-solid conversion material bonded to the outer region of the support device, the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device form a composite shell; this composite shell is able to withstand the pressure transmitted from the surrounding medium.

[0641] (2) The characteristic II is,

[0642] At least one region P2 exists with the following characteristics:

[0643] There is a support structure in region P2;

[0644] If a fluid-solid conversion material that has become solid and is bonded to the connecting channel of the support device exists, the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device form a composite shell; this composite shell is capable of withstanding the pressure transmitted from the surrounding medium.

[0645] (3) Characteristic III is,

[0646] At least one region P3 exists that has the following characteristics:

[0647] There is a support structure in region P3;

[0648] If a fluid-solid conversion material that has become solid and is bonded to the connecting channel and the outer area of ​​the support device exists, then the fluid-solid conversion material and the support device form a composite shell; this composite shell is capable of withstanding the pressure transmitted from the surrounding medium.

[0649] The composite shell's ability to withstand pressure from the surrounding external medium is entirely due to its inherent properties. Even without a pressure supply device or solid fluid-solid conversion material within the internal region of the support device, the composite shell can still withstand pressure from the surrounding external medium once the fluid-solid conversion material becomes solid.

[0650] The fluid-solid conversion material exists in two states: a flowable state and a solid state, and can transition from a flowable state to a solid state.

[0651] Preferably, a coupling agent is applied to the surface of the support material to increase the adhesion between the cement-based fluid-solid conversion material and the support material. Preferably, raised and / or recessed areas are added to the surface of the support material to enhance the adhesion and shear strength between the fluid-solid conversion material and the support.

[0652] 2. Pressurization devices and methods utilizing osmotic pressure

[0653] 2.1. Pressurization device

[0654] A pressurization device utilizing osmotic pressure, comprising a container P, a cavity Q, and a permeable membrane, has the following characteristics:

[0655] (1) There is a zero-concentration or non-zero-concentration solution in the container P, and a non-zero-concentration solution in the cavity Q, and the osmotic pressure of the solution in the cavity Q is higher than or equal to the osmotic pressure of the solution in the container P for at least a certain period of time.

[0656] (2) The solvent of the solution in the container P can and can only enter the cavity Q through the permeation membrane;

[0657] (3) The cavity Q has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0658] (i) In the outer shell surrounding the cavity Q, at least a portion of the outer shell has a structure and / or material suitable for the volume of the cavity Q to increase or decrease;

[0659] (ii) There is also a cavity R connected to the cavity Q; in the shell surrounding the cavity R, at least a portion of the shell structure and / or material is adapted to allow the volume of the cavity R to increase or decrease.

[0660] The zero-concentration solution refers to a solution with zero solute content, that is, the solution is entirely solvent.

[0661] 2.1.1. Integrated pressurization device

[0662] Preferably, the pressurizing device is an integrated pressurizing device, characterized in that at least a portion of the shell surrounding the cavity Q has a structure and / or material suitable for increasing or decreasing the volume of the cavity Q. Preferably, at least a portion of the shell of the cavity Q is made of a material with high deformability; preferably, the material with high deformability is rubber; preferably, at least a portion of the shell of the cavity Q is a rubber sleeve. Preferably, at least a portion of the shell of the cavity Q has pleats, and when these pleats are unfolded, the volume of the cavity Q increases; preferably, at least a length of the shell has a dumbbell-shaped, trefoil-shaped, or tetralobed cross-section. If the volume of the cavity Q is suitable for expansion, when the solvent in the container P enters the cavity Q, it will push the cavity Q to expand, thereby causing the shell to exert pressure on the surrounding medium.

[0663] 《2.1.2.》Separate pressurization device

[0664] Preferably, the pressurizing device is a separate pressurizing device, characterized by the existence of a cavity R connected to the cavity Q; in the outer shell surrounding the cavity R, at least a portion of the shell's structure and / or material is adapted to allow the volume of the cavity R to increase or decrease. Preferably, the cavity R and the cavity Q are connected by a pipeline, the device containing the cavity R is a pressurizing liquid bladder, and the device containing containers P, Q, and a permeable membrane is a hydraulic power source.

[0665] When there is a cavity R with a variable volume connected to the cavity Q, if liquid in container P enters cavity Q, more liquid will enter cavity R, causing cavity R and its outer shell to expand, thereby applying pressure to the medium around the outer shell.

[0666] Preferably, a check valve is installed on the connecting pipe between cavity Q and cavity R. This valve allows the solution in cavity Q to enter container P, but does not allow the solution in container P to enter cavity Q. When the concentration of the solution in cavity R is lower than that in cavity Q, if the low-concentration solution in cavity R can enter cavity Q, it will increase the consumption of solute in cavity Q, which should be avoided.

[0667] Preferably, a solute storage tank is additionally provided, which is connected to cavity Q via a pipeline, allowing the solution in cavity Q to enter the storage tank. When the concentration of the solution in cavity Q decreases, the solute in the storage tank will enter the solution inside the tank, and then diffuse into the solution in cavity Q through the pipeline.

[0668] Preferably, the devices corresponding to containers P and Q are placed outside the combined structural member; preferably, the solute storage tank is placed outside the combined structural member.

[0669] 2.1.3. Solvent, Solute, Solution

[0670] Preferably, in the container P, the solvent is water, and the solute is a salt and / or a base, or the solute is a salt and / or an acid.

[0671] Preferably, in the cavity Q, the solvent is water, and the solute is a salt and / or a base, or the solute is a salt and / or an acid; preferably, undissolved solute is present in the solution.

[0672] Preferably, the solute in the cavity Q is alcohol or 2-butoxyethanol, and the solution in the container P is water with zero concentration.

[0673] Preferably, the solute in the cavity Q comprises salt and alcohol, or alkali and alcohol, or salt, alkali and alcohol, and also includes undissolved salt and / or alkali in the cavity Q. Preferably, the container P contains water as a zero-concentration solute, or water as a non-zero-concentration solute.

[0674] 2.1.4. Permeable membrane

[0675] Preferably, the permeation membrane is a hollow fiber permeation membrane; preferably, the permeation membrane is a forward osmosis membrane; preferably, a porous support layer is provided on the inner or outer side of the membrane layer with semi-permeable membrane properties. Preferably, the osmotic pressure of the solution outside the hollow fiber is higher than the osmotic pressure of the liquid inside the hollow fiber pores; preferably, the osmotic pressure of the solution inside the hollow fiber pores is higher than the osmotic pressure of the liquid outside the hollow fiber.

[0676] Preferably, the permeation membrane is combined with a support layer. Preferably, the structure of the permeation membrane after installation and fixation is plate-and-frame (plate type), tubular type, or spiral type.

[0677] 2.2. Preferred Scheme

[0678] 2.2.1. Preferred Scheme I

[0679] Preferred embodiment I involves a solvent supply line outlet within container P, which is filled with a zero-concentration solution. Preferably, when the volume expansion of cavity Q and / or R, or the solution pressure, reaches a preset value, the valve on the solvent supply line is closed to prevent further solvent entry into container P.

[0680] When there is no zero-concentration solution in container P, no fluid passes through the permeation membrane into cavity Q, and the pressure in cavity Q stops increasing. When there is a zero-concentration solution in container P, fluid will pass through the permeation membrane into cavity Q, causing cavity Q or R to expand.

[0681] Optimal Solution II (2.2.2.)

[0682] Preferred option II has the following characteristics.

[0683] (1) The container P is hollow, the solution is a non-zero concentration solution, and the solution occupies only a part of the volume of the container P.

[0684] (2) A solvent supply pipeline is connected to the container P, and a hydraulically driven valve is installed in the pipeline; the outlet of the valve or the outlet of the supply pipeline is in the container P, but in a region where there is no solution in the container P, on the one hand to prevent the solute in the solution from entering the supply pipeline and causing solute to appear in the solvent, and on the other hand to prevent the amount of solute in the container P from decreasing.

[0685] (3) A pressure transmission pipeline is provided, one end of which is connected to the hydraulically driven valve, and the other end is located in the cavity Q. When the solution pressure in the cavity Q is lower than the first preset value p1, the hydraulically driven valve enters the open state, and the solvent in the solvent supply pipeline can enter the container P; when the solution pressure in the cavity Q is higher than the second preset value p2, the hydraulically driven valve enters the closed state, and the solvent in the solvent supply pipeline cannot enter the container P.

[0686] Preferably, a solute storage tank is connected to cavity Q via a pipeline; preferably, undissolved solid solute and / or liquid solute are placed in the solute storage tank; preferably, the liquid solute is alcohol.

[0687] When container P contains solute, an increase in solvent content leads to a decrease in solution concentration. This decrease in concentration causes an increase in osmotic pressure in cavity Q, resulting in continuous flow of solvent from cavity P through the permeation membrane into Q. When the pressure in cavity Q exceeds a preset value p2, the control valve closes, preventing further solvent flow into container P. As solvent continuously enters cavity Q, the solution concentration in container P gradually increases, and the osmotic pressure in cavity Q gradually decreases. When the osmotic pressure in cavity Q reaches zero, solvent from container P stops flowing into cavity Q, and the liquid pressure in cavity Q stops increasing. When the pressure in cavity Q falls below a preset value p1, the control valve opens, allowing solvent to enter container P. This causes a gradual decrease in solution concentration in container P, an increase in osmotic pressure in cavity Q, and further increase in liquid pressure in cavity Q.

[0688] Optimal Scheme III (2.2.3)

[0689] Preferably, the difference between Scheme III and Scheme II lies in the pressure control system; the rest is the same. Scheme III employs an electronic pressure control system, which includes a pressure sensor located in cavity Q, a main control unit, and an electric valve. The electric valve is located on a solvent supply line connected to container P. Both the pressure sensor and the electric valve are connected to the main control unit via wires. When the pressure in cavity Q, as detected by the pressure sensor, is lower than a preset value p1, the main control unit issues an opening command, and the electric valve opens, allowing solvent to flow out of the line and into container P. When the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is higher than the preset value p2, the main control unit issues a closing command, and the electric valve closes, preventing solvent from flowing out of the line.

[0690] Preferably, a solute storage tank is connected to cavity Q via a pipeline; preferably, undissolved solid solute and / or liquid solute are placed in the solute storage tank; preferably, the liquid solute is alcohol.

[0691] Example 2.3.

[0692] Example 2.1 (2.3.1)

[0693] like Figure 45As shown, an isolation layer 3122 is provided in the steel pipe 31a to fix the hollow fiber permeable membrane 3123 and divide the internal space of the steel pipe. The isolation layer 3122 is a material composed of solid particles mixed with an adhesive, and the hollow fiber 3123 is bonded to the material of the isolation layer. The isolation layer 3122 and the hollow fiber 3123 divide the internal space of the steel pipe into upper and lower parts: the upper part of the space is called container P, the upper boundary of container P is the lower surface of end cap 31a1, and container P is filled with solution 3115; the lower part of the space is called part of cavity Q, and the outer surface of the hollow fiber is part of the boundary of the space range of cavity Q.

[0694] A solvent supply pipeline 3101 is provided on the upper end plate 31a1, and a valve 3140 is provided on the pipeline.

[0695] The lower side of the steel pipe 31a is bonded to the flexible sleeve 31b, and the internal space of the flexible sleeve 31b and the lower space of the steel pipe 31a form a cavity Q. The cavity Q is filled with a solid solute 3126 and a saturated solution 3125. When the solvent in container P passes through the permeation membrane into the cavity Q, if there is no solid solute, the solution will become unsaturated, and the solution concentration will decrease, resulting in a decrease in osmotic pressure. When there is a solid solute in the cavity Q, if additional solvent enters the solution, the solution can still remain saturated, and the solution concentration will be constant if there is no temperature change. As the solvent continuously passes through the permeation membrane into the cavity Q, the flexible sleeve will expand accordingly, exerting pressure on the surrounding medium.

[0696] Preferably, the solution in container P is a zero-concentration solution; preferably, the solution in container P is water.

[0697] Preferably, the solution in the cavity Q is alcohol; preferably, the solid solute is a salt and / or a base; preferably, the solute in the solution is an acid and / or a salt.

[0698] Preferably, the pressurizing device is placed entirely within the support device of the combined volume compensation device, wherein the solvent supply pipeline 3101 and valve 3140 extend to the outside of the combined structural component and are connected to a water source; preferably, they are connected to a tap water pipe.

[0699] When the pressure or volume expansion of the pressurizing device reaches the preset value, if you want to stop the expansion, close valve 3140 on the solvent supply line, and no more solvent will enter the downstream line of the valve.

[0700] Example 2.2 (2.3.2)

[0701] Example 2 Figure 46 As shown, its structure is similar to... Figure 45The illustrated embodiment 1 has many similarities. Figure 46 The following symbols in and their corresponding positions Figure 45 The meanings of the following are the same: 3122, 3123, 3125, 3126, 31a, 31a1, 31b.

[0702] The differences between Example 2 and Example 1 are as follows: (1) The amount of solute in the solution 3115 in container P is fixed, while the amount of solvent is variable; (2) Solution 3115 can only occupy a part of the space in container P, and cannot be completely filled. There must be an unoccupied space area 3114; (3) A hydraulically driven valve 3140 is provided on the solvent supply pipeline 3101. The valve can be located inside or outside container P, with the end of pipeline 3110 being the optimal location; (4) The end of pipeline 3110 or the outlet of valve 3140 cannot touch the solution 3115 to prevent solute from entering the liquid in the pipeline and causing solute loss; (5) A pressure transmission pipeline 3146 is provided, which is filled with solution from cavity Q. The pressure in cavity Q is transmitted to the hydraulically driven valve 3140 to push the valve to open or close.

[0703] The mechanism by which the hydraulically driven valve 3140 controls the solution pressure in cavity Q is as follows.

[0704] When the pressure in cavity Q is lower than the first preset value p1, the hydraulically driven valve remains open, allowing solvent to enter container P and flow into solution 3115. Since the amount of solvent increases while the amount of solute remains constant, the concentration of the solution decreases, leading to a decrease in the osmotic pressure of solution 3115. This decrease in osmotic pressure causes an increase in the difference between the osmotic pressure of solution 3125 in cavity Q and that in container P. When equilibrium is reached, the solution pressure in cavity Q equals the difference in osmotic pressure between the solutions in cavity Q and P. Therefore, opening valve 3140 will increase the liquid pressure in cavity Q.

[0705] When the pressure in cavity Q is higher than the second preset value p2, the hydraulically driven valve remains closed, preventing solvent from entering container P. Since no new solvent is added, and the solvent in solution 3115 continuously flows out through the permeation membrane, the concentration of solution 3115 in container P increases, leading to a higher osmotic pressure. This increase in the osmotic pressure of solution 3115 reduces the difference in osmotic pressure between cavity Q and container P. When equilibrium is reached, the solution pressure in cavity Q equals the difference in osmotic pressure between cavity Q and P. Therefore, closing valve 3140 increases the pressure in cavity Q. The second preset value p2 is slightly higher than the first preset value p1.

[0706] The above control method can control the solution pressure in cavity Q within a certain range. The lower limit of this range is slightly lower than the first preset value p1, and the upper limit is slightly higher than the second preset value p2.

[0707] Since the flow rate of the solution passing through the osmotic membrane is low, and it takes a certain amount of time for the pressure of the solution in cavity Q to reach the osmotic pressure difference; therefore, after the hydraulic drive valve is opened or closed, the pressure in cavity Q deviates from the osmotic pressure difference for a period of time, and the control accuracy of this method is not very high. However, it is not necessary to have very high precision in applying compressive stress to material B in the composite structural member. In addition, the volume change of material B in the cavity surrounded by part A of the member is very slow, so the accuracy of this method is sufficient to meet the requirements.

[0708] The hydraulic drive valve is as Figure 47 and Figure 48 shown. The round hole F1 is used to connect with the solvent supply pipeline 3101, the round hole F3 is used to connect with the pressure transmission pipeline 3146, and the round hole F2 is the outlet of the solvent.

[0709] The position of piston F51 is jointly determined by the pressure in round hole F3 and spring F61. When the pressure in round hole F3 decreases, the piston moves to the left; when the pressure in F3 increases, the piston moves to the right. There is a round hole F52 perpendicular to its axis in the middle of piston F51. When the pressure in F3 is lower than the first preset value p1, no part of round hole F52 faces round holes F1 and F2, and the valve is in the closed state at this time; when the pressure in F3 is higher than the second preset value p2, at least a part of the cross-section of round hole F52 faces round holes F1 and F2, and the valve is in the open state at this time.

[0710] In addition, there are also preset values P1 and P2, and P1 < P2. When the pressure in F3 is lower than preset value P1, spring F61 pushes the piston to the left end and is in the position as Figure 47 shown, and the valve remains closed at this time. When the pressure in F3 is higher than preset value P2, the liquid pushes the piston against the end face of the limit device F62, and the round hole F51 in the piston is exactly aligned with round holes F1 and F2, and the valve remains fully open at this time.

[0711] 《2.3.3.》Example 2.3

[0712] As Figure 49As shown, in Example 3, the steel pipe 31a, the upper end cap 31a1, and the lower end cap 31a2 form a closed space. The surfaces of the isolation layer 3122 and the hollow fiber 3123 further divide the space into an upper space container P and a lower space cavity Q. Container P is filled with a non-zero concentration solution 2115, and there is a remaining space 3114 in container P. A controllable valve 3141 is installed at the end of the solvent supply pipeline 3101, and the outlet of the valve must be kept above the liquid level of the solvent 3115. Cavity Q is filled with undissolved solute 3126 and solution 3125. A pressure sensor 3143 is installed in cavity Q and connected to the main control device 3142 via a signal line; the controllable valve 3141 in container P is also connected to the main control device 3142 via a wire. When the pressure collected by sensor 3143 is lower than the first preset value p1, the main control device 3142 issues an opening command, and the controllable valve 3141 enters the open state; when the pressure collected by sensor 3143 is higher than the second preset value p1, the main control device 3142 issues a closing command, and the controllable valve 3141 enters the closed state.

[0713] A liquid outlet pipe 3102 is provided on the lower end cover, and a check valve 3151 is also provided on this pipe. The check valve only allows liquid to flow out of the cavity Q and does not allow it to flow in, so as to prevent low-concentration liquid from consuming the solute in the cavity Q.

[0714] The outlet of check valve 3151 is connected to pipe 3103, the other end of which is connected to pressurized liquid bladder, which is placed inside the support device of the combined volume compensation device.

[0715] In this design, there are three placement options for the steel pipe 31a: first, it can be placed outside the composite structural member; second, it can be placed within the cavity surrounded by part A of the composite structural member; and third, it can be placed inside the support device of the composite volume compensation device. When placed in the first position, the shape and size of the steel pipe 31a are unrestricted. If the total volume of liquid flowing out of the outlet pipe is large, it will consume a significant amount of undissolved solute 3136, requiring a correspondingly larger cavity Q volume. In this case, the first position meets the requirements. When placed in the second position, the steel pipe 31a, end caps 31a1 and 31a2, pipes 310, 3102, 3013, and check valve 3151 must all be able to withstand high pressure to prevent them from becoming weak points when the component is under load. When placed in the third position, there are certain requirements regarding the dimensions of the steel pipe 31a, especially its diameter.

[0716] Example 2.4 (2.3.4)

[0717] In Example 4, the pressurizing device is as follows: Figure 50 and Figure 51 As shown. In Figure 51The following symbols have the same meaning as in Example 3: 31a, 31a1, 3101, 3140, 3146, 3114, 3115, 3122, 3123, 3125. Figure 51 In the cavity, cavity Q is filled with solution 3125. Cavity Q is connected to solute storage tank 316 via pipe 3106. The lower end of cavity Q is a lower end cover 31a2, on which pipe 3102 is installed. Pipe 3102 is connected to pipe 3103 via check valve 3150. Check valve 3150 allows solution in cavity Q to flow out, but does not allow solution in cavity Q to flow in.

[0718] Solute storage tank 316, etc. Figure 50 As shown, tank 316a is made of steel. A pipe 3106 is installed on the lower side of the tank, and a filling port is located at the top of the tank. A flange 3167 is installed at the filling port, and a cover 3168 is connected to the flange to seal the filling port. The filling port is used to add solute material into the storage tank, which is filled with undissolved solid solute 3166 and solution 3165.

[0719] Pipeline 3103 is connected to cavity R. Preferably, the outer shell of cavity R is made of rubber material, and cavity R and its outer shell together form a pressurized liquid bladder; preferably, the pressurized liquid bladder is placed in the internal area of ​​the support device of the combined volume compensation device.

[0720] 3. Liquid Absorption, Expansion, and Pressurization Device

[0721] A liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device includes an expansion material and a liquid guiding channel; wherein,

[0722] (1) The expansion material has the following characteristics.

[0723] a. It can absorb liquid and expand, or,

[0724] b. It can expand by undergoing a physical and / or chemical reaction with liquids;

[0725] (2) The liquid guiding channel has the following characteristics.

[0726] The liquid can enter the expanding material along the liquid guiding channel.

[0727] The liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device is simply referred to as the expansion device.

[0728] 3.1. Gap

[0729] The gap refers to an unoccupied space. The gap includes, but is not limited to, the following:

[0730] Voids in a solid medium, including pores and tiny voids;

[0731] The gaps between solid particles;

[0732] The void between a solid particle and another solid surface in contact with it, wherein the length and width of the surface are much larger than the particle size;

[0733] The void between a solid particle and the fiber surface in contact with it, wherein the length of the fiber is much larger than the particle size of the solid particle;

[0734] The gaps between fibers that are in contact with each other, wherein the fibers are parallel to each other or at an angle to each other;

[0735] The gap between the fiber and another solid surface in contact with it, the length and width of which are much larger than the diameter of the fiber.

[0736] 3.2. Materials or devices containing liquid guiding channels

[0737] Both the liquid guiding material and the liquid guiding device have the following characteristics: channels that allow liquid movement exist inside or on their surface.

[0738] Preferably, the liquid movement channel of the liquid guiding material is a void inside the material or a void between the material and the medium in contact with it.

[0739] Preferably, the liquid movement channel of the liquid guiding device is a void inside the device, or a void between the surface of the device and the medium in contact with it.

[0740] 3.2.1. Fluid-conducting fiber

[0741] Liquid-conducting fibers have the following characteristics: liquids can move along the length of the fiber inside and / or on its surface.

[0742] Preferably, the liquid can enter or exit the fiber from the fiber end and / or from the side.

[0743] Preferably, the liquid-guiding fiber contains voids within at least a certain length range; preferably, the fiber side has a recess within at least a certain range; preferably, the fiber side has a groove within at least a certain length range.

[0744] The range of fluid-conducting fibers includes: chemical fibers, metal fibers, inorganic non-metallic fibers, and natural plant fibers.

[0745] Preferably, the chemical fiber is a man-made fiber or a synthetic fiber.

[0746] Preferably, the natural plant fiber includes cotton fiber or yarn spun from cotton fiber; preferably, the plant fiber is wood fiber. Preferably, the fluid-guiding fiber is a needle-shaped material made of wood through mechanical processing; preferably, the diameter of the needle-shaped material is 0.1-0.5 mm, or 0.5-1.0 mm, or greater than 1 mm; preferably, the ratio of the length of the needle-shaped material to its minimum transverse dimension is 5-10, or 10-50, or 50-100, or greater than 100.

[0747] Preferably, the fluid-conducting fiber is a hollow chemical fiber, or / and a hollow metal fiber, or / and a hollow inorganic non-metallic fiber. Preferably, the fiber is a chemical fiber with grooves on its sides, or / and a metal fiber with grooves on its sides, or / and an inorganic non-metallic fiber with grooves on its sides.

[0748] Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic fiber is glass fiber and / or basalt fiber.

[0749] Preferably, the fluid-guiding fiber is a monofilament; preferably, the fluid-guiding fiber is a twisted or untwisted bundle. Preferably, the gaps between the monofilaments in the bundle serve as fluid-guiding channels.

[0750] Preferably, the fluid-guiding fiber is a continuous fiber; preferably, the fluid-guiding fiber is a short fiber; preferably, the fluid-guiding fiber is a fiber bundle made of short fibers and / or long fibers.

[0751] Preferably, the fluid-conducting short fibers are mixed together with the expansion material particles.

[0752] 3.2.2. Fluid-conducting thin-layer materials

[0753] The liquid-conducting thin-layer material has the following characteristics: (1) the liquid can flow in the gaps within the thickness range of the thin-layer material; (2) the liquid can seep out or seep into at least one of the two surfaces of the thin-layer material.

[0754] Preferably, the liquid is capable of seeping within the voids of the thin-film liquid-conducting material, along one or more or any directions tangential to or parallel to the surface of the thin film. Preferably, the liquid is capable of seeping into or out of both surfaces of the thin-film material.

[0755] Nonwoven fiber thin layer

[0756] Preferably, the liquid-guiding thin layer material is a nonwoven fabric. The fibers used to make the nonwoven fabric include short fibers and / or long fibers.

[0757] Preferably, the short fibers used to make the nonwoven fabric include at least one of the following: chemical fibers, plant fibers, inorganic non-metallic fibers, metal fibers, and carbon fibers. Preferably, the plant fibers include cotton fibers, wood fibers, and grass fibers; preferably, the inorganic non-metallic fibers include glass fibers, basalt fibers, and asbestos fibers.

[0758] Preferably, the long fibers used to make the nonwoven fabric include at least one of the following: chemical fiber filaments, fine metal wires, and long fibers spun from short fibers. The short fibers used to make the long fibers include at least one of the following: chemical fibers, cotton fibers, linen fibers, and carbon fibers.

[0759] Preferably, the nonwoven fabric is a metal felt.

[0760] Fiber fabric

[0761] Preferably, the fluid-conducting thin-layer material comprises at least one layer of fibrous fabric. Preferably, the fibrous fabric comprises a fiber cloth; preferably, the fibrous fabric comprises a fiber web.

[0762] Preferably, the fibers of the fiber cloth and / or the fibers of the fiber web include at least one of the following: chemical fibers, plant fibers, inorganic non-metallic fibers, metal fibers, and carbon fibers. Preferably, the inorganic non-metallic fibers include glass fibers and basalt fibers.

[0763] Preferably, the fibers of the fiber cloth and / or the fibers of the fiber web are twisted or untwisted filament bundles; preferably, the single strands constituting the filament bundles are metal wires, chemical fibers, or inorganic non-metallic fibers.

[0764] Preferably, the liquid-conducting thin-layer material comprises at least one layer of fiber web and / or at least one layer of fiber cloth.

[0765] Preferably, in the fiber fabric, the fibers parallel to the main channel are coarser fibers, and the fibers perpendicular to the main channel are finer fibers. Preferably, the fibers parallel to the main channel have higher bending stiffness, and the fibers perpendicular to the main channel have lower stiffness. Preferably, the fibers parallel to the main channel are metal wires. Preferably, the fibers parallel to the main channel are straight, and the fibers perpendicular to the main channel are repeatedly bent; preferably, the radius of curvature of the straight fibers parallel to the main channel is larger than the radius of curvature of the fibers perpendicular to the main channel. These features are beneficial for increasing the proportion of the void cross-sectional area occupied by the main channel.

[0766] Preferably, the surface of the fabric contains diffusing fibers, each fiber having only one end attached to the fabric. These fibers diffuse the liquid into the medium surrounding the fabric, and are dispersed throughout the surrounding medium. Preferably, the length of the diffusing fibers is 5–50 mm, and the spacing is 5–30 mm; preferably, the length of the diffusing fibers is 50–80 mm, and the spacing is 20–60 mm. Preferably, the spacing of the diffusing fibers is 0.2–0.6 times their length. Preferably, fibers of different lengths are present in some areas of the fabric surface.

[0767] Porous thin-layer materials

[0768] The characteristic of a porous thin-layer material is that the thin-layer material has only one layer, and there are a large number of voids in the material within the thickness of this layer. The voids in the material have the following characteristics: (1) the liquid can flow through the voids within the thickness range of the thin-layer material; (2) the liquid can seep out or seep into at least one of the two surfaces of the thin-layer material.

[0769] Preferably, the pores in the porous material are gaps between solid particles that are connected to each other.

[0770] Preferably, for the two surfaces of a geometry made of a porous material, liquid can seep into one surface and out of the other; preferably, the two surfaces are parallel; preferably, the two surfaces are perpendicular; preferably, the included angle between the two surfaces is arbitrary.

[0771] Preferably, for the three surfaces of a geometry made of a porous material, liquid can seep into one surface and out of the other two surfaces, with one outflowing surface parallel to the inflowing surface and the other outflowing surface perpendicular to the inflowing surface.

[0772] Permeation film material

[0773] The characteristic of the liquid-permeable film material is that liquid can pass through channels in the medium within the thickness range of the film from one side surface to the other side surface.

[0774] Preferably, the film material is a polymer material; preferably, the film material is a metallic material. Preferably, the film material is a permeable film; preferably, the liquid channels in the film material are pores processed on a non-permeable or low-permeability film.

[0775] Preferred solutions for thin-layer materials

[0776] Preferably, the liquid-conducting thin-layer material is coiled into a spiral shape (spring-loaded shape), with expansion materials on both sides of the thin-layer material. The liquid can flow within the thickness range of the thin-layer material and seep from both surfaces into the expansion materials. See also Figure 55 , Figure 56 , Figure 57 , Figure 58 .

[0777] Figures 59-61 Two placement methods for thin-layer materials are given. Figure 59 and Figure 60 The combined marking expansion device contains multiple long strips of thin material. Figure 60 and Figure 61 The combined marking expansion device contains a thin layer of material that is repeatedly folded.

[0778] Preferably, the expansion device contains a plurality of narrow strip-shaped liquid-conducting thin layers of material, see Figure 59 and Figure 60 Preferably, the thin layers of material are arranged parallel to each other. Preferably, there is an expanding material between adjacent thin layers of material; preferably, at least one thin layer of material has both surfaces in contact with the expanding material, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 59 Preferably, for any one of the liquid-conducting thin layers, at least a portion of its at least one surface is in contact with the expanding material; preferably, at least one thin layer is in contact with at least another portion of its at least one surface with the particulate material. See also Figure 59 and Figure 60 .

[0779] Preferably, the expansion device contains at least one repeatedly folded liquid-conducting thin layer material, see Figure 60 and Figure 61 Preferably, at least a portion of the surface of at least one side of the thin-layer material is in contact with the particulate material that conducts the liquid.

[0780] Preferably, at least one or both sides of the thin film material, representing at least a length and / or a width, are granular materials, the voids in which are used to transport liquid to the thin film material, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 60 .

[0781] 3.2.3. Particle Region

[0782] The particle region is a space of a certain shape, which is filled with solid particles, and the liquid can flow in the gaps between the solid particles.

[0783] Preferably, liquid can seep out and / or seep in at the boundary of the space.

[0784] Preferably, the particle region is elongated; preferably, the particle region is thin-layered; preferably, the particle region is thick-walled cylindrical. Preferably, the dimension of the particle region in one direction is significantly larger than the dimension in the direction perpendicular to it.

[0785] Preferably, a shaping device is provided at the boundary of the particle region. This device is used to fix the shape of the particle region, allowing liquid to pass through and exit the particle region. Preferably, the shaping device is made of fibrous fabric; preferably, the fibrous fabric includes fiber cloth and fiber web; preferably, the fiber cloth is selected from metal fiber cloth, chemical fiber cloth, and inorganic non-metallic fiber cloth; preferably, the fiber web is selected from metal web, chemical fiber web, and inorganic non-metallic fiber web. Preferably, the mesh of the mesh material can prevent solid particles of a proportion α from passing through it, where the proportion α is the proportion of particles that cannot pass through the mesh to the total number of particles; preferably, α is 0.5–0.7, 0.7–0.85, 0.85–0.9, 0.9–0.95, 0.95–0.99, or greater than 0.99.

[0786] Preferably, the shaping device is made of a flexible material, which shapes the particle area after solid particles are filled into the space enclosed by the shaping device. Preferably, the flexible material used to make the shaping device is a material with a large elastic deformation capacity; preferably, when the solid particle filling process ends, there should be a certain tensile force in the flexible material, and correspondingly, there should be pressure between the solid particles. This treatment is beneficial for shaping and maintaining the shape of the particle area and for improving the density of the particle area.

[0787] Preferably, the outer side of the shaping device has long liquid-guiding fibers that are distributed in the surrounding medium of the particle region to diffuse the liquid into the medium; preferably, the medium is composed of expandable material particles, or of non-expandable solid particles and expandable material particles.

[0788] 3.2.4. Leakage Pipeline

[0789] The seepage conduit has the following characteristics: (1) liquid can flow in the conduit hole; (2) liquid can seep out from the conduit wall and / or seep in.

[0790] Preferably, the pipe wall material is a porous material; preferably, the porous material is permeable at least radially in the pipe wall. Preferably, the pores in the porous material are gaps between solid particles connected together. Preferably, the method for obtaining the seepage conduit material is to connect solid particles together; preferably, the solid particles are inorganic non-metallic fiber particles or metal particles. Preferably, the seepage conduit material is permeable stone; preferably, the seepage conduit material is a porous metal.

[0791] Preferably, the pipe wall material is a porous material; preferably, at least a portion of the pores are located at both ends on the inner and outer walls of the pipe, respectively.

[0792] Preferably, the pipe wall is a non-permeable material with machined holes or slits; preferably, the diameter of the holes or the width of the slits is 0.1–0.2 mm, or 0.2–0.5 mm, or 0.5–0.8 mm, or greater than 0.8 mm. Preferably, there is only one slit on the pipe wall, with both ends of the slit reaching the end of the pipe wall; preferably, the slit is parallel to the axis of the pipe; preferably, the slit is spiral-shaped. Preferably, there are multiple slits on the pipe wall, and the length of each slit is much shorter than the length of the pipe wall.

[0793] 3.3. Expansion Materials and Liquids

[0794] 3.3.1. Expansion Materials

[0795] The range of options for the expansion material includes:

[0796] Organic expanding materials, inorganic expanding materials, and mixtures of organic and inorganic expanding materials;

[0797] Preferably, the range of organic expandable materials includes water-absorbing resins, water-absorbing rubbers, and dried and compacted wood blocks, wood strips, wood chips, and wood powder.

[0798] Preferably, the range of inorganic expandable materials includes montmorillonite, illite, calcium oxide, and bentonite.

[0799] Preferably, the expanding material is a mixture of particles of two or more expanding materials. Preferably, the particle size of the particles meets a certain distribution so that the porosity in the mixture reaches or approaches a minimum. Preferably, the particles of the different materials are compressed after mixing so that they can maintain a certain shape or have cohesion, thereby achieving a lower porosity. Preferably, liquid-guiding fibers are randomly distributed in the particle mixture so that the liquid can diffuse relatively uniformly into the expanding material.

[0800] 3.3.2. Liquid

[0801] The range of liquids to be selected includes water, aqueous solutions containing solutes, organic liquids, and oils.

[0802] Structure of the expansion device (3.4)

[0803] 3.4.1. Appearance

[0804] Preferably, the shape of the expansion device can be selected from the following ranges: long strip, short column, thick-walled tube, sphere, ellipsoid, ring, and tubular.

[0805] Preferably, the cross-section of the expansion device can be selected from the following range: circular, elliptical, annular, polygonal, and rounded polygonal.

[0806] Preferably, when the sealing shell material has only a small deformation capacity along the circumferential direction, the outer contour line of the sealing shell cross section includes an outwardly convex curve and an inwardly convex curve, or the shape enclosed by the outer contour line includes at least one outwardly convex portion and at least one inwardly convex portion.

[0807] 3.4.2. Sealing shell and liquid supply pipe

[0808] The expansion device includes (1) a liquid guiding material and / or a liquid guiding device, and (2) an expansion material; in addition, the expansion device also includes an outer sealing shell that encloses the liquid guiding material and the expansion material.

[0809] Preferably, the sealing shell is made of a non-permeable or low-permeability material.

[0810] Preferably, the sealing shell increases its volume through the stretching and deformation of the material; preferably, the sealing shell material has a high deformability; preferably, the sealing shell material is rubber.

[0811] Preferably, the sealing shell achieves its volume change through variations in the shape of its outer surface. Preferably, the sealing shell material is selected from PVC, thin-walled metal, and fiber-reinforced polymer materials. Preferably, the fiber-reinforced polymer material is rubber containing cord fibers. Preferably, when the sealing shell material has only a small deformation capacity along its circumference, the outer contour of the sealing shell cross-section contains both an outwardly convex curve and an inwardly convex curve, or the outer contour's enclosed shape contains at least one outwardly convex portion and at least one inwardly convex portion. Preferably, the sealing shell cross-section is dumbbell-shaped, trilobal, or tetralobal, see [reference needed]. Figure 17 .

[0812] Preferably, the shape and size of the space enclosed by the outer surface of the sealing shell are changed.

[0813] Preferably, the expansion device is further connected to a liquid supply pipe, which is used to deliver liquid into the sealed housing, and the liquid is used to combine with the expansion material to produce expansion. Preferably, the other end of the liquid supply pipe is connected to a liquid storage device, which delivers liquid from the liquid storage device to the expansion device.

[0814] Optimal Solution 3.5

[0815] In the expansion device, there exists at least a portion of such a spatial region in which the expansion material surrounds or encircles the liquid-conducting material or the device, see Figures 52-54 .

[0816] In the expansion device, there exists at least a portion of such a spatial region in which the liquid-conducting material surrounds or encircles the expansion material, see... Figure 62 and Figure 63 .

[0817] Preferably, the types of liquid flow paths include at least type A, type B, type C, type D, and type E.

[0818] Type A (3.5.1.) – The granular region is the longitudinal main channel.

[0819] The characteristic of the type A liquid guiding method is that the particle region serves as the main liquid guiding channel. The type A liquid guiding method includes, but is not limited to, type A1 and type A2.

[0820] Type A1 (Longitudinal Particle Region – Expanded Material)

[0821] The characteristic of the type A1 liquid guiding method is that, during the liquid movement process, it at least includes entering the expanding material through a particle region that serves as the main longitudinal channel. See also Figures 52-54 .

[0822] Type A2 (longitudinal granular region – fluid-conducting fibers or / and fluid-conducting thin-layer material – expansion material)

[0823] The characteristic of the type A2 liquid-conducting method is that, during the liquid movement process, it at least includes passing through the particle region into the liquid-conducting fiber and / or the liquid-conducting thin layer material, and then passing through the liquid-conducting fiber and / or the liquid-conducting thin layer material into the expanding material. See also Figure 55 and Figure 56 .

[0824] Type A3 (longitudinal particle region – transverse particle region – expanded material)

[0825] The characteristic of the type A3 liquid guiding method is that, during the liquid movement process, it at least includes passing through the particle region, which serves as the longitudinal main channel, into the transverse particle region, and then through the transverse particle region into the expanding material. See also Figures 67-69

[0826] Type B (3.5.2.) – The seepage channel is a longitudinal main channel.

[0827] Type B1 (Leakage Pipe - Expansion Material)

[0828] The characteristic of the Type B1 liquid-conducting method is that the liquid movement process includes at least the step of entering the expansion material through a longitudinal permeation channel. Type B2 (permeation channel – liquid-conducting fiber / liquid-conducting thin layer material – expansion material)

[0829] The characteristic of the type B2 liquid guiding method is that the liquid movement process includes at least the following steps: first, the liquid enters the liquid guiding fiber or / and the liquid guiding thin layer material through the longitudinal permeation channel, and then the liquid guiding thin layer material enters the expansion material.

[0830] Preferably, at least a length of the liquid-conducting fiber or liquid-conducting thin film material is wrapped around or in contact with the seepage pipe. Preferably, the seepage pipe has a slit, and at least a length of the liquid-conducting fiber or liquid-conducting thin film material enters the pipe through the slit.

[0831] Type C (3.5.3.) – The seepage conduit surrounded by granular regions is the main longitudinal channel.

[0832] Type C1 (Longitudinal seepage channel – surrounding particle zone – expansion material)

[0833] The characteristic of the Type A1 liquid guiding method is that, during the liquid movement process, it first enters the surrounding granular region through a longitudinal seepage channel, and then enters the expanding material from the surrounding granular region. See also Figures 64-66 .

[0834] Type C2 (Longitudinal seepage channel – surrounding granular zone – fluid-conducting fiber or / and fluid-conducting thin layer material – expansion material)

[0835] The characteristic of the Type A2 liquid-conducting method is that, during the liquid movement process, it first enters the surrounding granular region through a longitudinal permeation channel, then enters the liquid-conducting fibers and / or liquid-conducting thin-layer material from the surrounding granular region, and finally enters the expanding material from the liquid-conducting fibers and / or liquid-conducting thin-layer material. See also Figure 70 and Figure 71 .

[0836] Type C3 (Longitudinal seepage channel – surrounding particle area – transverse particle area – expansion material)

[0837] The characteristic of the Type A3 liquid guiding method is that, during the liquid movement process, it first enters the surrounding particle region through a longitudinal seepage channel, then enters the transverse particle region from the surrounding particle region, and finally enters the expanding material from the transverse particle region. See also... Figures 67-69 .

[0838] 3.5.4. Type D – The fluid-conducting thin layer is a longitudinal channel.

[0839] The T-shaped liquid-conducting method is characterized in that, during the liquid movement process, it at least includes longitudinal movement along the liquid-conducting fibers and / or the liquid-conducting thin film material, and then entering the expanding material from the liquid-conducting fibers and / or the liquid-conducting thin film material. See also Figure 57 and Figure 58 , Figures 59-61 , Figure 72 .

[0840] Preferably, the T-shaped liquid guiding method further includes the liquid guiding thin layer material passing through liquid guiding fibers into the expansion material. Preferably, the expansion material is granular. Preferably, one end of the liquid guiding fiber is connected to the liquid guiding thin layer material; preferably, the spacing between the liquid guiding fibers is 1-5 mm, or 5-10 mm, or 10-20 mm, or greater than 20 mm; preferably, the ratio between the length of the liquid guiding fiber and the fiber spacing is 1-5, or 5-10, or greater than 10.

[0841] Type 3.5.5. – A mixture of expandable material particles and solid particles and / or short fluid-conducting fibers.

[0842] The type E liquid guiding method has the following characteristics: the particles and / or fibers of the liquid guiding material are mixed together with the particles of the expanding material. Preferably, the range of liquid guiding methods includes type E1, type E2, and type E3.

[0843] Type E1 (short fiber + expanded material particles)

[0844] The characteristic of the E1 type liquid conduction method is that short liquid conduction fibers are randomly distributed in the expansion material particles. The short fibers help conduct and diffuse the liquid, and the voids in the expansion material particles are also used to conduct the liquid.

[0845] Type E2 (solid particles + expanded material particles)

[0846] The characteristic of the E2 type liquid conduction method is that solid particles and expansion material particles are mixed together, and the gaps between solid particles, the gaps between expansion material particles, and the gaps between solid particles and expansion material particles are used to conduct liquid.

[0847] Type E3 (short fiber + solid particles + expanded material particles)

[0848] The characteristic of the E3 type liquid guiding method is that solid particles, short liquid guiding fibers, and expansion material particles are mixed together; the gaps between various particles, the channels on the short liquid guiding fibers, and the gaps between the liquid guiding fibers and solid particles are all liquid guiding channels.

[0849] Preferably, the longitudinal liquid guiding method in the expansion device adopts the E-type liquid guiding method; preferably, a separate longitudinal channel is provided in the expansion device, and the E-type liquid guiding method is used for radial or transverse liquid guiding.

[0850] Example 3.6.

[0851] Example 3.1 of 3.6.1 – Type A1 Figures 52-54

[0852] (1) Structural form

[0853] The structure of the expansion device is as follows Figures 52-54 As shown.

[0854] The sealing shell P0 consists of an upper rubber sleeve P01 sealed at one end, a lower rubber sleeve P02 sealed at one end, and a connecting rubber sleeve P03 that is open at both ends. The outer surfaces of the rubber sleeves P01 and P02 are bonded to the inner surface of the rubber sleeve P03.

[0855] The expanding material P2 is a granular water-absorbing expanding material; preferably, the water-absorbing expanding material is water-absorbing resin particles; preferably, the water-absorbing expanding material is water-absorbing rubber particles.

[0856] Five longitudinal liquid guiding channels P13 are distributed within the expanding material P2. Each channel P13 includes a particle zone P131 and a shaping device P132. Preferably, the particles in the particle zone are near-uniform quartz sand particles, and the shaping device is a bag sewn from a fibrous fabric. After filling with solid particles, the bag must be fully inflated laterally to maintain a relatively fixed shape in the particle zone. After filling with solid particles, the ends of the bag P132 must be sealed; the bag P132 is permeable at both its ends and sides.

[0857] The expansion device has particle regions P13a and P13b at both ends, and the two ends of the liquid guiding channel P13 are respectively embedded in particle regions P13a and P13b. An isolation cap P32a is placed at the end of the supply pipe P31a to prevent solid particles in particle region P13a from entering the supply pipe. The supply pipe P31a is fixed to the end of the rubber sleeve P01, and the two are sealed, preventing air and water penetration. At the lower end of the expansion device, the treatment is similar to that at the upper end; an isolation cap P32b is also provided at the end of the supply pipe P31b, and the supply pipe P31b is fixed to the rubber sleeve P02 in the same way.

[0858] (2) Assembly method

[0859] For convenience, construction kit P4 can be used during the fabrication process; see [link / reference]. Figure 54The construction sleeve P4 contains an expanding material P2, a longitudinal liquid guiding channel P13, and granular regions P13a and P13b. One preferred method is to wrap the materials and apparatus inside a thin layer of material after placement, then adhere the liquid guiding material with adhesive to prevent it from unraveling, and finally seal both ends of the construction sleeve. Preferably, the construction sleeve itself also serves as a longitudinal liquid guiding channel. Preferably, the material of the construction sleeve is paper; preferably, the paper is filter paper. Preferably, the strength of the construction sleeve material decreases significantly upon contact with water; preferably, the material itself has low strength, hardly limiting the expansion of the expanding material upon contact with water. Preferably, the material used to make the construction sleeve is a low-strength fabric, or a fabric with large elastic deformation.

[0860] After completing the installation of the construction sleeve, place the materials and devices wrapped in the construction sleeve into the rubber sleeve P02, then put the rubber sleeve P01 on the top of the construction sleeve, and use adhesive to bond the rubber sleeve P03 to P01 and P02 respectively.

[0861] (3) Vacuuming is performed after assembly.

[0862] Preferably, the installed expansion device is evacuated by pumping a vacuum through the liquid supply pipes P31b and / or P31a to the inside of the sealing shell. The purposes are threefold: (1) to fix the shape of the expansion device, (2) to fully compress the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the sealing shell, and (3) to prevent gas from occupying gaps in the liquid guiding channel. If gas is present in the channel, it will prevent the liquid from moving within it, thus preventing the expansion material from absorbing the liquid. For the evacuated expansion device, one or two liquid supply pipes can be provided. If two liquid supply pipes are provided, valves are installed on both the upper and lower liquid supply pipes P31a and P31b.

[0863] (4)Injection method

[0864] a. Vacuum suction method

[0865] When the vacuum level inside the expansion device is high, the liquid is drawn into the expansion material using negative vacuum pressure. Specifically, for expansion devices with supply pipes at both ends, only the lower supply pipe is used to draw in liquid. The valve on the upper supply pipe remains closed. An external pipeline, filled with liquid, is installed between the valve on the lower supply pipe and the liquid in the storage tank. When the valve is opened, liquid is drawn into the gaps in the sealed housing, and then the liquid is continuously drawn into the expansion device. Alternatively, it is also possible to draw liquid in through the upper supply pipe while keeping the valve on the lower supply pipe closed.

[0866] If the inhaled liquid is water, the preferred water is cooled boiled water or water in which dissolved gases have been fully expelled.

[0867] b. Water head injection method

[0868] When the air pressure inside and outside the sealing shell of the expansion device is almost the same, liquid is injected into the gaps of the expansion device through the lower liquid supply pipe, while simultaneously opening the valve on the upper liquid supply pipe. This allows gas to escape from the upper liquid supply pipe as the liquid fills the gaps inside the expansion device. When injecting the liquid, it should be allowed to enter slowly from the lower end to fully displace the gas in the gaps. Preferably, a certain head of liquid is maintained in the supply pipe, and the liquid is slowly propelled into the gaps of the expansion device by the head pressure. Preferably, a certain proportion of capillaries exist in the liquid-conducting material, relying on capillary action to draw the liquid into the expansion material.

[0869] When the expansion volume or pressure generated by the expansion device reaches the preset value, the valves at both ends are closed to prevent liquid from continuing to enter the expansion device; when the expansion volume or pressure generated by the expansion device is lower than the preset value, the valves at the bottom or both ends are opened to allow the expansion material to continue absorbing liquid and expanding. The volume or pressure can be adjusted repeatedly in this way.

[0870] (5) Liquid movement path during injection

[0871] The liquid flows out from the lower supply pipe P31b, passes through the filter cap P32b, and enters the particle region P13b. Then the liquid splits into two streams: one stream moves upward along the gaps in the particle region P131 in the longitudinal liquid guiding channel P13, and then passes laterally through the gaps or voids in the shaping device P132 from region P131 into the expansion material P2; the other stream passes through the particle region P13b and enters the expansion material from its upper boundary.

[0872] Preferably, short liquid-conducting fibers are mixed into the expanded material; preferably, needle-shaped wood is mixed into the expanded material; preferably, one end of the needle-shaped wood is inserted into the particle region P131.

[0873] Example 3.2 of 3.6.2 – Type A2 Figure 55 Figure 56

[0874] expansion device such as Figure 55 and Figure 56 As shown.

[0875] A liquid supply pipe P31a and a filter cap P32a are provided at the upper end of the expansion device, and a liquid supply pipe P31b and a filter cap P32b are provided at the lower end. The longitudinal liquid guiding main channel is composed of particulate regions P13a, P13c and P13b. One end of the spiral liquid guiding thin layer material P12 is buried in particulate region P13c, and the expansion material P2 fills the other regions inside the sealing shell P0.

[0876] Preferably, the expanding material P2 is water-absorbing resin particles or water-absorbing rubber particles; preferably, the expanding material P2 is a mixture of montmorillonite particles and water-absorbing resin.

[0877] Preferably, the outermost layer of the spiral-shaped liquid-conducting thin-layer material P12 surrounds all the expansion material P2 inside it, and the outermost thin-layer material is used as a construction sleeve.

[0878] Preferably, the sealing shell is made of rubber or other polymeric materials with high deformability. Preferably, the liquid supply pipes P31a and P31b are metal pipes or plastic pipes with a certain degree of hardness, and are not flattened by atmospheric pressure under vacuum. The connections between the liquid supply pipes P31a and P31b and the sealing shell are sealed, preventing gas from entering the connection points when a vacuum is drawn inside the sealing shell.

[0879] When injecting liquid using a vacuum method, the liquid is injected from the lower supply pipe. The liquid first enters the particle region P13b, and then part of it diffuses into the granular expansion material region around the side; this part becomes the first path. Another part of the liquid moves axially from bottom to top into the particle region P13c, and then part of the liquid enters the inner end of the spiral liquid-conducting thin layer material P12, and then continues to move along the tangential direction of the thin layer material, and then enters the expansion material particles in the gaps between the turns of the liquid-conducting thin layer material and near the upper and lower ends of the thin layer material; this part becomes the second path. There is also a part of the liquid that continues to rise in the particle region P13c, enters the particle region P13a, and then diffuses into the region around its side.

[0880] Example 3.3 of 3.6.3 – Type D Figure 57 Figure 58

[0881] expansion device such as Figure 57 , Figure 58 As shown.

[0882] In this embodiment, the following materials or devices are the same as those in Embodiment 1: liquid supply pipes P31a and P31b, filter caps P32a and P32b, particle regions P13a and P13b, and sealing shell P0.

[0883] The first preferred embodiment is that the expanding material P2 is a flexible sheet of absorbent rubber. During fabrication, one or more layers of rubber sheet P2 are laid together with a liquid-conducting thin layer material P12, and then rolled into a spiral shape. Along the axial direction of the expanding device, the ends of the liquid-conducting thin layer material extend beyond the ends of the rubber sheet, and the ends of the thin layer material are embedded in the granular regions P13a and P13b. Since the expanding material itself is a continuous body, a construction sleeve is not required during assembly.

[0884] When liquid is injected from the bottom, the liquid flows through the following path: it flows out from the supply pipe P31b, passes through the filter cap P32b, enters the particle area P13b, then enters the spiral liquid-guiding material P12, and then moves upward along the thin layer material until it enters the particle area P13a. When liquid is injected without vacuum, the upward movement of the liquid also drives out the gas in the gaps in the sealed shell. After the liquid enters the upper supply pipe P31a, most of the gas in the gaps is expelled. After the liquid enters the liquid-guiding thin layer material, it seeps out from both sides of the thin layer material and enters the absorbent rubber sheet.

[0885] The second preferred option is that the expanding material P2 is a granular absorbent material. The outermost layer of the spiral liquid-conducting thin-film material P12 is used as a construction sleeve to enclose all the expanding material P2 inside it.

[0886] Example 3.4 of 3.6.4 – Type D Figures 59-61

[0887] expansion device such as Figure 59 , Figure 60 , Figure 61 As shown.

[0888] In this embodiment, the following materials or devices are the same as those in Embodiment 1: liquid supply pipes P31a and P31b, filter caps P32a and P32b, particle regions P13a and P13b, and sealing shell P0.

[0889] The expanding material P2 is granular water-absorbing resin or water-absorbing rubber particles.

[0890] One of the preferred solutions is as follows: Figure 59 , Figure 60 As shown, the liquid-conducting thin-layer material P12 is elongated, with its upper and lower ends embedded in the particle regions P13a and P13b, respectively.

[0891] Preferred option two, such as Figure 60 , Figure 61 As shown, the liquid-conducting thin-layer material P12 is repeatedly folded, and its upper and lower ends are also embedded in the particle regions P13a and P13b, respectively.

[0892] In this embodiment, the liquid movement path during the liquid injection process is similar to that in embodiment 3.

[0893] Example 3.5 of 3.6.5 – Type A1 Figure 62 Figure 63

[0894] expansion device such as Figure 62 and Figure 63 As shown.

[0895] In this embodiment, the following materials or devices are the same as those in Embodiment 1: liquid supply pipes P31a and P31b, filter caps P32a and P32b, particle regions P13a and P13b, and sealing shell P0.

[0896] The expanding material P2 is a thin, sheet-like liquid-absorbing expanding material. Preferably, the liquid-absorbing expanding material is a water-absorbing rubber sheet. The water-absorbing rubber sheet is surrounded by granular regions, which serve as liquid-conducting channels. During the injection process, the liquid movement path is similar to that in Example 1.

[0897] Example 3.6-1 (from 3.6.6.) Figure 64 Figure 65 Figure 66

[0898] expansion device such as Figures 64-67 As shown.

[0899] In this embodiment, the following materials or devices are the same as those in Embodiment 1: liquid supply pipes P31a and P31b, filter caps P32a and P32b, particle regions P13a and P13b, expansion material P2, and sealing shell P0.

[0900] Five permeation pipes P152 are placed in the expanding material P2. The two ends of the pipes extend into the upper and lower particle regions P13a and P13b. The pipes are surrounded by a particle region P131, which is surrounded by a shaping device P132.

[0901] During the injection process from the lower end, the liquid enters the particle area P13b from the supply pipe P31b, and then enters the permeation pipe P152 from the lower end. The permeation pipe has permeable walls and both ends. The liquid in the permeation pipe hole P151 seeps out from the pipe wall and enters the particle area P131, and then passes through the shaping device P132 from the particle area into the expanding material P2.

[0902] Example 3.7 of 3.6.7 – Type C3 Figure 67 Figure 68 Figure 69

[0903] expansion device such as Figures 67-69As shown. In this embodiment, only the sealing shell P0 is the same as in Embodiment 1. Liquid supply connection pipes P32a and P32b are provided at both ends of the sealing shell and connected to it. Their outer ends are connected to liquid supply pipes P31a and P31b, respectively, and their inner ends are connected to both ends of the seepage pipe P152. The expansion material P2 consists of multiple annular continuous bodies (called expansion rings). The gaps between the expansion rings are granular regions P132; the space between the expansion rings and the seepage pipe P152 is a granular region P131.

[0904] When liquid is injected from the lower supply pipe P31b, the liquid movement path is as follows: it moves upward from the supply pipe P31b into the pipe hole P151, then seeps out from the pipe wall P152 into the surrounding particle area P131, then into the particle area P132, and finally into the expansion material P2.

[0905] Using a percolation conduit is more advantageous for liquid to move long distances along its length, especially when the expansion device has a large length-to-diameter ratio, such as when the length-to-diameter ratio is 10 to 120.

[0906] Example 3.8 of 3.6.8 – Type C2 Figure 70 Figure 71

[0907] expansion device such as Figure 70 and Figure 71 As shown.

[0908] In this embodiment, the following materials or devices are the same as those in Embodiment 7: liquid supply connection pipes P31a and P31b, liquid supply pipes P32a and P32b, and sealing shell P0.

[0909] A seepage pipe P152 is located at the axial center of the expansion device, with its upper and lower ends connected to the liquid supply connection pipes P31a and P31b, respectively. The side of the pipe is surrounded by a granular region P131. The liquid-conducting thin layer material is an annular sheet P12, through which the seepage pipe P152 passes, and the granular region P131 also passes through the central hole of the annular sheet.

[0910] When liquid is injected from the lower supply pipe P31b, the liquid movement path is as follows: it moves upward from the supply pipe P31b into the pipe hole P151, and then seeps out from the pipe wall P152 into the surrounding particle area P131. Then it splits into two paths: one path first enters the annular sheet P12, and then enters the expansion material P2; the other path directly enters the expansion material P2 that is in contact with the particle area P131.

[0911] When the expansion device is very long, for example, when its length-to-diameter ratio is 10-20 or 20-100 or greater than 100, using a percolation pipe is more conducive to the long-distance movement of liquid along the length direction.

[0912] Example 3.9 of 3.6.9 – Type D Figure 72

[0913] The cross-section of the expansion device is as follows Figure 73 As shown. The sealing shell P0 is a four-lobed tube made of PVC material, sealed at both ends, with a liquid supply pipe provided at least at one end of the sealing shell P0. The liquid guiding device P12 is made of two thin-layered materials with angle steel cross-sections, and its length is approximately equal to the length of the tube hole of P0. Preferably, a granular area is provided at one or both ends of the tube P0, and the end of the liquid guiding device P12 is embedded in the granular area. The expanding material P2 is water-absorbing resin particles and / or water-absorbing rubber particles.

[0914] 4. Method of applying pressure to the surrounding medium using a combined volume compensation device.

[0915] 4.1. Method of applying pressure to the surrounding medium using a combined volume compensation device

[0916] A method for applying pressure to the surrounding medium using a combined volume compensation device, characterized in that...

[0917] (1) The combined volume compensation device is as described above;

[0918] (2) In the process of using the combined volume compensation device to provide pressure, in addition to the support device and the pressure supply device, a fluid-solid conversion material is also required; the fluid-solid conversion material is a material that can change from a fluid state to a solid state.

[0919] (3) The spatial relationship between the support device, the pressure supply device and the fluid-solid conversion material of the combined volume compensation device has the following characteristics.

[0920] A fluid-solid conversion material is present in at least a portion of the gap between the inner wall of the support device and the outer surface of the pressure supply device, or / and, at least in a portion of the external surrounding space of the support device;

[0921] (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state

[0922] a. If the pressure exerted by the external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support device increases, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity surrounded by the support device through the connecting channel, squeezing the pressure supply device in the cavity and reducing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device; if the pressure exerted by the external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support device and / or in the connecting channel decreases, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity increases, pushing the fluid-solid conversion material to flow outside the support device.

[0923] or / and,

[0924] b. When the apparent volume of the pressure supply device increases, the pressure supply device squeezes the fluid-solid conversion material in the cavity of the support device and flows out of the support device through the connecting channel; when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device decreases, if the fluid-solid conversion material around the outside of the support device is subjected to the pressure of the external medium, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity of the support device through the connecting channel.

[0925] (5) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state

[0926] The fluid-solid conversion material and the support device form a composite shell, which as a whole resists the pressure of the external medium; the support device can withstand the pressure of the solidified fluid-solid conversion material acting on its outer surface.

[0927] 4.2. Example of a combined volume compensation device

[0928] Example 4.1 (4.2.1)

[0929] exist Figures 21-23 The illustrated scheme employs a Type III combined volume compensation device, comprising device a and device b. Device a includes a steel pipe 321 and a steel end-sealing device 3213. The steel pipe 321 has holes 3212 in its wall, and a spherical shell is welded to one end of the pipe. The end-sealing device 3213 has external threads and connects to the steel pipe 321, which has internal threads at its opening. Device b is a steel pipe 322 with holes 3222 in its wall. The holes 3212 in the inner steel pipe 321 face the inner surface of the non-perforated wall region of the outer steel pipe 322. The holes 3222 in the outer steel pipe 322 face the outer surface of the non-perforated wall region of the inner steel pipe 321. The inner pipe 3211 and the outer pipe 3221 are connected by multiple bolts to ensure a stable relative position between them.

[0930] The inner region of steel pipe 321 is the inner region of support device 32, and the outer region of steel pipe 322 is the outer region of support device 32. The connection channels between the inner region and the outer region of support device include the pipe wall hole 3212 of steel pipe 321, the gap between inner steel pipe 321 and outer steel pipe 322, and the pipe wall hole 3222 on outer steel pipe 322.

[0931] A bladder-like pressure supply device 31 is located within the internal region of the steel pipe 321. The bladder 31 is connected to an external pressure source via a connecting pipe 3101. The bladder 31 can be selected as an air bladder, a liquid bladder, or a gas-liquid bladder. The gap 331 between the bladder 31 and the inner surface of the device a, the pipe wall holes 3222 of the steel pipe 321, the gap 332 between the inner and outer steel pipes 321, the pipe wall holes of the outer steel pipe 322, and the peripheral region 333 of the outer steel pipe are all filled with a fluid-solid conversion material. Preferably, the fluid-solid conversion material is a mixture of retarded epoxy resin and solid powder; preferably, the fluid-solid conversion material is reactive powder concrete or retarded reactive powder concrete. The pipe wall holes 3212 and 3222 of the steel pipes 321 and 322, as well as the gaps between the steel pipes 321 and 322, should be suitable for the fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state to pass through.

[0932] Preferably, the bladder-like pressure supply device is an energy storage device, and the working principle of the bladder is as follows: When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, if the pressure in the outer region 333 of the support device decreases, the bladder 31 expands. The bladder pushes the fluid-solid conversion material in the inner region of the steel pipe 321 first through the holes 3212 on the pipe wall of the steel pipe 321, then through the gap 332 between the steel pipes 321 and 322, and finally through the holes 3222 in the pipe wall of the steel pipe 322 into the outer region 333 of the steel pipe 322. If the pressure in the outer region 333 of the support device increases, the fluid-solid conversion material in the outer region sequentially passes through the pipe wall holes 3222, the gap 332, and the pipe wall holes 3212 into the inner region 331 of the steel pipe, compressing the apparent volume of the bladder 31. In this case, the bladder 31 is an energy storage device. During the process of the fluid-solid conversion material moving from the inner region 331 to the outer region 333, it undergoes two transitions: the first is that it flows out from the pipe wall hole 3212 of the steel pipe 321, and after encountering the inner wall of the steel pipe 322, it changes direction and flows along the gap 332 between the steel pipes 321 and 322; the second is that it changes from flowing along the gap 332 to flowing out through the gap 3222 between the sections of steel pipe 322.

[0933] Preferably, the bladder-type pressurization device is a pressurized energy storage device, and the working principle of the bladder during pressurization is as follows: When an external pressure source injects fluid into the bladder 31 through the pipeline, the apparent volume of the bladder increases, pushing the fluid-solid conversion material in the internal region of the steel pipe 321 to flow out through the holes 3212 on the pipe wall of the steel pipe 321, and finally enter the outer region 333 of the steel pipe 322, compressing the surrounding medium.

[0934] After the fluid-structure conversion material solidifies, it bonds with the inner steel pipe 321 and the outer steel pipe 322 to form a composite shell. This composite shell possesses a compressive stiffness far exceeding that of the bladder, and its maximum radial and axial compressive stresses to the surrounding medium are also significantly higher than those provided by the bladder. Under ambient pressure, the stress distribution in the fluid-structure conversion material near the pores in the pipe wall of steel pipe 321 is complex, with significant stress concentration. When the ambient pressure increases, the fluid-structure conversion material near the pores yields first. Radial diffusion ceases when the yielding region reaches the vicinity of the inner surface of steel pipe 322, but circumferential diffusion may occur within the internal region of steel pipe 322, redistributing the stress field. Regardless of whether the fluid-structure conversion material inside steel pipe 322 yields or fails, because the elastic modulus of the steel pipe is much higher than that of the fluid-structure conversion material, steel pipe 322, in addition to sharing the radial pressure, also ensures that the stress field distribution of the fluid-structure conversion material in its internal and external regions is suitable for withstanding higher radial compressive stresses. The composite shell containing both steel pipes 321 and 322 can withstand a greater maximum radial compressive stress from the surrounding medium than a composite shell containing only steel pipe 321 can withstand. This approach yields excellent technical results when the radial compressive stress is very high.

[0935] Example 4.2.2.

[0936] exist Figures 24-26 In the illustrated scheme, the combined volume compensation device employs a Type III support device containing device a and device b. Device a is the same as device a in Embodiment 1; device b is a short steel pipe assembly device, comprising several short steel pipes 3221, with gaps 3212 between the short steel pipes. The pipe wall holes 3212 of the steel pipe 321 used as device a face the inner surface of the short steel pipes 322 in device b; the gaps 3212 in device b face the non-perforated areas on the outer surface of the inner steel pipe 321.

[0937] An upper limit gas-liquid bladder 331 is placed in the internal region of the steel pipe 321. The gap between the gas-liquid bladder and the steel pipe 321, the hole 3212 in the pipe wall of the steel pipe 321, the gap between the steel pipe 321 and the short steel pipe 322, the gap 3222 between the short steel pipes 322, and the outer region 333 of the steel pipe 322 are filled with retarded active powder concrete used as a fluid-solid conversion material.

[0938] Example 4.3 (4.2.3)

[0939] exist Figures 27-29The illustrated scheme also employs a Type III combined volume compensation device, which includes device c and device d. Device c consists of a steel pipe 321 closed at one end and a detachable end-sealing device 3213. Two rows of holes 3212 are machined into the wall of the steel pipe 321 at both ends of the same diameter. Device d is a long, narrow obstruction 322 with an arched cross-section and holes 3222 machined into it. Several welding points exist between the steel pipe 321 and the obstruction 322 to fix their relative positions. The holes 3212 in the wall of the steel pipe 321 face the non-perforated areas of the obstruction 322, and the holes 3222 in the obstruction 322 face the outer surface of the non-perforated areas of the steel pipe 321.

[0940] An airbag 31 is installed in the internal region of the steel pipe 321. The gap between the airbag 31 and the steel pipe 321, the hole 3212 in the pipe wall of the steel pipe 321, the area 332 surrounded by the inner surface of the shield 322 and the outer surface of the steel pipe 321, and the outer region 333 of the support device are filled with fluid-solid conversion material.

[0941] The connection channel between the internal area and the external area of ​​the support device includes the pipe wall hole 3212 on the steel pipe 321, the area 332 surrounded by the steel pipe 321 and the shield 322, and the hole 3222 on the shield 322.

[0942] After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies, the support device and the fluid-solid conversion material form a composite shell. When there is radial compressive stress in the surrounding medium, the shield 322 can diffuse the radial compressive stress in the outer area, reduce the stress concentration in the fluid-solid conversion material near the hole area of ​​the steel pipe 321, and thus increase the compressive stress in the surrounding medium when the fluid-solid conversion material in the hole area fails.

[0943] Example 4.4 (4.2.4)

[0944] Figure 30 and Figure 31 The device presented is a Type III combined volume compensation device, in which the support device 32 includes device a and device b. Device a is the same as device a in Example 1, and device b is a short pipe combination device. The short pipe in device b is a steel pipe 322 with a corrugated cross-section. The inner convex part of the corrugated steel pipe 322 is in close contact with the outer surface of the inner steel pipe 321 where there are no holes. There is pre-compression stress on the contact surface to fix the relative position between the two.

[0945] An upper limit airbag 31 is placed in the internal area of ​​the support device. The gap 331 between the airbag and the steel pipe 321, the hole 3212 in the pipe wall of the steel pipe 321, the gap 332 between the steel pipe 321 and the corrugated cross-section short steel pipe 322, the gap 3222 between the corrugated cross-section short steel pipes, and the outer area 333 are filled with fluid-solid conversion material.

[0946] After the fluid-solid conversion material solidifies, if the support ring formed by the support device and the fluid-solid conversion material is subjected to radial compressive stress by the surrounding medium, the outwardly convex arched part in the short steel pipe 322 will share part of the radial compressive stress, thereby reducing the radial compressive stress in the fluid-solid conversion material in the gap between the short steel pipe 322 and the steel pipe 321. The final result is to improve the overall compressive strength of the composite shell.

[0947] 5. Composite structural components containing combined volume compensation devices

[0948] 5.1. Components and Manufacturing Methods

[0949] Components of 5.1.1.

[0950] A composite structural component includes part A, part B, and part C;

[0951] (a) Among them,

[0952] (1) Part A is a solid device, and Part A has one or more cavities, in which Part B and Part C are present in at least one cavity;

[0953] (2) Any one of the cavities is a simply connected domain cavity or a multi-connected domain cavity; the simply connected domain cavity is characterized in that the spatial region where the cavity is located is a simply connected domain on any cross section of the cavity; the multi-connected domain cavity is characterized in that there is at least one such cross section on which the spatial region where the cavity is located is a multi-connected domain.

[0954] A simply connected region in a plane is defined as follows: Let D be a planar region. If the area enclosed by any closed curve in D belongs to D, then D is called a simply connected region in a plane. Intuitively, a simply connected region in a plane is a region without any holes.

[0955] The meaning of a planar multiply connected region is: Let D be a planar region. If there exists a continuous closed curve within it, and the interior of the curve does not belong to D, then D is called a planar multiply connected region. Intuitively speaking, a planar multiply connected region is a region containing holes.

[0956] (3) Part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, which is a material that can change from a flowable state to a solid state.

[0957] (4) Part C shall include at least one of the following eight items a to h.

[0958] a. One or more combined volume compensation devices;

[0959] b. Remnants of one or more combined volume compensation devices;

[0960] c. At least one blank area in which no device or material exists, which was previously occupied by the combined volume compensation device;

[0961] d. One or more independent pressure supply devices,

[0962] e. Remnants of one or more independent pressurization devices;

[0963] f. At least one blank area, in which no device or material exists, which was previously occupied by the independent pressure supply device;

[0964] g. One or more restraining stirrups;

[0965] h. One or more auxiliary load-bearing devices;

[0966] (ii) Among them,

[0967] (1) The combined volume compensation device includes a support device and a pressure supply device;

[0968] (2) The independent pressure supply device is a pressure supply device without any supporting device;

[0969] (3) The characteristic of the constrained stirrup is that it has an internal region and an external region, the internal region being surrounded or enclosed by the constrained stirrup, and the external region surrounding or enclosing the constrained stirrup; there is a space between the internal region and the external region of the constrained stirrup. flow channel The flow channel is suitable for flowable B-part material in its vicinity, on one side or both sides, to pass through it;

[0970] (4) The function of the auxiliary bearing device is to share the load in a certain direction with the material of part B in the cavity;

[0971] (5) The remnants of the combined volume compensation device are a part, several parts, or all of the device, but the device has lost its function;

[0972] (6) The remnant of the independent pressure supply device is a part, several parts or all of the device, but it has lost the function of the pressure supply device.

[0973] Preferably, the single-connected cavity is a cylindrical cavity, a spherical cavity, or an ellipsoidal cavity; the cylindrical cavity, spherical cavity, and ellipsoidal cavity are characterized in that the spatial region in which the cavity is located is a cylinder, a sphere, and an ellipsoid, respectively. Preferably, the cylindrical cavity is a cavity enclosed by a tube and sealing devices at both ends.

[0974] Preferably, the multi-connected cavity is an annular cavity. One method to obtain an annular cavity is to insert one tube into the bore of another tube and seal the gap between the two tubes at both ends. The gap region between the two tubes is an annular cavity.

[0975] Preferably, the multi-connected cavity is a shell cavity, which is a spatial region occupied by a shell with a certain thickness. Preferably, the shell cavity is an ellipsoidal shell cavity; it is obtained by having an ellipsoidal thin shell A located in the cavity of an ellipsoidal thin shell B, and the gap region between ellipsoidal thin shell A and ellipsoidal thin shell B is the ellipsoidal shell cavity.

[0976] The selection range of the combined structural components includes, but is not limited to, solid pressure-bearing components, hollow pressure-bearing components, liquid storage tanks, and liquid conveying pipelines. Preferably, the axis of the solid pressure-bearing component is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the solid pressure-bearing component is a curve; preferably, the axis of the solid component is an arched curve. Preferably, the axis of the hollow pressure-bearing component is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the hollow pressure-bearing component is a curve; preferably, the axis of the hollow pressure-bearing component is an arched curve.

[0977] Methods for making components (5.1.2)

[0978] A method for manufacturing a composite structural component has the following characteristics:

[0979] (1) The component includes part A and part B;

[0980] (2) The component includes part C, or / and the component includes part C at least for a certain period of time;

[0981] in,

[0982] (a) The manufacturing method includes the following steps.

[0983] (1) Obtain part A and part C; part A has at least one cavity;

[0984] (2) Place part C into the cavity of part A, and fill the cavity of part A with part B material;

[0985] (4) Control the pressure and temperature in part B to ensure that the pressure in the material of part B is higher than normal pressure, or / and the temperature is higher than normal temperature for at least a certain period of time;

[0986] (ii) Among them,

[0987] (1) Part A is a solid device;

[0988] (2) The B part includes one or more solidifiable materials, and different solidifiable materials occupy different spatial areas in the cavity of the A part; the material of the B part is in a flowable state during the filling process and for a period of time after the filling is completed.

[0989] (3) The C part includes one or more combined volume compensation devices.

[0990] 5.2. [Part A]

[0991] Preferably, part A has only one cavity; preferably, part A has two or more cavities. When part A has two or more cavities, one preferred option is that at least two cavities are independent of each other, and / or at least two cavities are connected.

[0992] The shape of part A is related to the shape of the component, and part A will be explained in conjunction with specific components later.

[0993] Part B of 5.3.

[0994] 5.3.1. [Part B: Types and Composition of Materials]

[0995] In at least one cavity of Part A, the selection range of materials for Part B includes, but is not limited to, the following four categories:

[0996] (1) Cement-based materials,

[0997] Preferably, the cement-based material includes cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, ordinary strength concrete, high strength concrete, and ultra-high strength concrete;

[0998] (2) A mixture of cement-based materials and polymer materials, in which cement participates in hydration;

[0999] Preferably, the polymer material is a polymer emulsion;

[1000] Preferably, the polymer material is a self-curing polymer material, including epoxy resin;

[1001] (3) Polymer materials that can solidify on their own

[1002] Preferably, the self-curing polymer material includes epoxy resin;

[1003] (4) A mixture of polymer materials with solid powders and / or solid particles;

[1004] Preferably, the material in part B is a mixture of polymeric material and solid powder; preferably, the material in part B is a mixture of polymeric material and solid particles; preferably, the material in part B is a mixture of polymeric material, solid powder, and solid particles.

[1005] Preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder; the solid particles are metal particles or inorganic non-metallic material particles; preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and particles are stone powder and pebbles, respectively.

[1006] Part 5.3.2.B: Types, Quantities, and Characteristics of Materials

[1007] Preferably, in at least one cavity of the A portion, there are M types of materials of the B portion, namely B1, B2...B i B i+1 ...B M The materials occupy different spatial regions, where M≥1.

[1008] Preferably, there is only one type of B-part material in the cavity; preferably, there are two types of B-part material in the cavity; preferably, there are more than two types of B-part material in the cavity.

[1009] Preferably, there exists at least one i and one j, where 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤M, M≥2, i≠j, and there exists at least one time period corresponding to i and j; within this time period, there exists a relationship with B. i Compared to other materials, B j The material has relatively high fluidity.

[1010] Preferably, there exists at least one i and one j, where 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤M, M≥2, and i≠j, corresponding to the B. i and B j The material has the following properties:

[1011] (i) the B j The end of the flowable state of the material is later than or equal to B. i The end of the flowable state of the material is earlier than B. i The moment when the inflection point of material volume shrinkage occurs; or,

[1012] (ii) The B j The material's flowability ends later than or equal to B. i The moment when the material volume shrinkage inflection point occurs.

[1013] When the B i The material has solidified, and the B... j When the material is still in a flowable state, it interacts with B. i Compared to other materials, B j The material has relatively high fluidity.

[1014] Preferably, when the volume of the cavity is small or the diameter of the smallest covering circle of the cross-section is small, only one type of B material is used in a cavity; preferably, when the B material does not shrink or the shrinkage volume strain is small, only one type of B material is used in a cavity.

[1015] Preferably, when both B1 and B2 materials are present in the cavity, the flowability of material B2 ends later than that of material B1. After material B1 solidifies, if B1 undergoes further volume shrinkage, material B2 flows under the impetus of a combined volume compensation device or a simple pressurization device, filling the space vacated by the volume shrinkage of material B1.

[1016] Preferably, when both B1 and B2 materials (B-parts) are present in the cavity, the end of the flowable state of material B2 is later than or equal to the occurrence of the volume shrinkage inflection point of material B1. The majority of the total volume shrinkage occurs before the volume shrinkage inflection point; after the inflection point, the rate of volumetric strain under the same stress becomes very low. Preferably, to improve efficiency, after the volume shrinkage inflection point, filling the space vacated by the volume shrinkage of material B1 with material B2 is no longer considered. Preferably, to maintain a higher residual preload stress, a time length T12 is selected, where the time interval between the end of the flowable state of material B2 and the occurrence of the volume shrinkage inflection point of material B1 is T2, with the former occurring later than the latter.

[1017] The stress history experienced by the material in Part B of "5.3.3".

[1018] Preferably, in at least one cavity of part A, there exists at least one i, 1≤i≤M, corresponding to B i The material has undergone at least one period of compressive stress history.

[1019] (i) Preferably, when B i When the material is in a flowable state, during one or more time periods, or throughout the entire stage, at least the B portion of the material contains the material described above. i The material is subjected to compressive stress.

[1020] When material B1 is in a flowable state, its strength increases under compressive stress. Material B1 contains a certain proportion of voids, some of which originate from pre-existing air bubbles and others from voids created during chemical shrinkage. When the material is subjected to pre-compressive stress, the volume percentage of both types of voids decreases, thereby increasing the material's strength.

[1021] (ii) Preferably, when the B i During the solidification process of a material transitioning from a flowable state to a solid state, within one or more time periods, or throughout the entire stage, at least B in all of the B-part materials... i The material is subjected to compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress.

[1022] The solidification process of many fluid-solid transition materials lasts for a long time, during which the rheological properties of the material continuously change, but overall the viscosity coefficient remains lower than the value after solidification. When the aforementioned B... i During the solidification process of a material transitioning from a flowable state to a solid state, the creep rate of the material is relatively high. At this stage, the compressive stress helps to increase the amount of volume shrinkage completed when the volume shrinkage inflection point appears, while also reducing the amount of volume shrinkage that occurs after the inflection point appears.

[1023] (iii) Preferably, when the B i After the material solidifies, at least B in all of the B parts of the material i The material is subjected to compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress.

[1024] When the B i After the material solidifies, due to its rheological properties, B i Materials undergo volume shrinkage when subjected to compressive stress. Maintaining the material under compression during this stage helps reduce volume shrinkage that occurs after the volume shrinkage inflection point. Shrinkage after the volume shrinkage inflection point includes rheological deformation under compression and shrinkage caused by the material's inherent properties. Experiments show that some cement-based materials, such as reactive powder concrete, high-strength or ultra-high-strength concrete, will shrink even without external forces after several months of age.

[1025] Working Mechanism of Combined Volume Compensation Device (5.3.4)

[1026] Within the cavity surrounded by part A, there is at least one combined volume compensation device. When the material of part B, which is in contact with the outer surface of the support device, is in a flowable state, the combined structural member has the following characteristic A and / or characteristic B.

[1027] (1) The feature A is,

[1028] (i) If the volume of the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A decreases, or a portion of the material of part B in the area flows out of the area, or the space occupied by other devices or materials in the area is vacated, or the volume of the cavity surrounded by part A increases; then, the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device expands in volume, pushing the material of part B in the cavity of the support device into the periodic space area outside the support device through the connecting channel;

[1029] (ii) If the volume of the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A increases, or the space occupied by the material of part B in this area is squeezed, or the volume of the cavity surrounded by part A decreases; then, the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device shrinks in volume, and the material of part B in the cavity surrounded by part A flows into the periodic space area outside the support device through the connecting channel.

[1030] (2) Feature B is,

[1031] (i) If the pressure of the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device changes, the material of part B in the cavity of the support device transmits the pressure change to the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A through the connecting channel.

[1032] If a pressure change occurs in the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, this change can be transmitted to the outer surface of the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device.

[1033] or / and,

[1034] (ii) If the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device expands in volume, the material of part B in the cavity of the support shell flows through the connecting channel into the area between the outer surface of the support shell and the inner wall of part A.

[1035] If the pressure supply device in the cavity of the support device undergoes volume shrinkage, and there is compressive stress in material B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, then material B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A will enter the cavity of the support device through the connecting channel.

[1036] Working mechanism of the support device after solidification of material B in 5.3.5.

[1037] In the cavity surrounded by part A, there is at least one combined volume compensation device. After the material of part B, which is in contact with the outer surface of the support device, solidifies and has a certain strength, the material of part B is solidified together with the support device to form a composite shell. The composite shell acts as a whole to resist the pressure of the external medium.

[1038] Within the cavity surrounded by part A, the support device, the pressure supply device, and the material of part B all possess at least one of the following characteristics:

[1039] (1) The apparent bulk modulus of elasticity and apparent bulk deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are much lower than the bulk modulus of elasticity and bulk deformation modulus of material in part B at any stage. Any stage refers to any stage of the whole process. The whole process refers to the process by which the material changes from a flowable state to a solid state with final strength.

[1040] (2) After the material of part B solidifies and reaches the design strength, the apparent volume elastic modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the composite shell composed of the support device of part B are much higher than the apparent volume elastic modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure supply device, respectively.

[1041] (3) After the material of part B solidifies and reaches the design strength, the composite shell composed of the material of part B and the support device can withstand the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone.

[1042] (4) The outer surface of the non-porous part of the support device can withstand the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure supplied by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone.

[1043] (5) The apparent stiffness of the non-porous part of the support device is much higher than that of the pressure supply device.

[1044] 5.4. Isolation Device

[1045] Within the cavity enclosed by part A, there exists at least one i and one j, where 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤M, M≥2, and i≠j, corresponding to B. i Materials and B j Adjacent materials; the relationship between them has one of the following characteristics,

[1046] (1) The B i Material facing B j Any boundary surface on one side of the material only contacts the isolation device and not the B. j Material contact;

[1047] (2) In the B i Material facing B j On the boundary surface of one side of the material, a portion of B i The material boundary surface is in contact with the isolation device, but not with B. j Material contact; and part of B i Material boundary surface and B j Materials in direct contact;

[1048] (3) The B i Material facing B j Any boundary surface on one side of the material is related to B. j Materials are in direct contact.

[1049] Preferably, in the composite structural member used as a column, the isolation device is a thin sheet metal cylinder, B i The material is located inside the cylinder, B j The material is located on the outside of the cylinder; preferably, the upper and lower ends of the cylinder are sealed, with a feed inlet at the upper end. i No boundary surface of the material is in contact with B j Materials are in direct contact; preferably, the upper end of the cylinder is not sealed. i The upper part of the material is with B j The upper end of the material is in direct contact; preferably, the lower end of the cylinder is sealed, and a covering is placed at the upper end of the cylinder, the covering being able to cover B. i The entire or almost entire upper surface of the material.

[1050] 5.5. Solid Compression Members

[1051] Preferably, the combined structural member is a solid compression member; preferably, the selection range of the solid compression member includes columns.

[1052] Part A of 5.5.1.

[1053] When the composite structural member is a solid compression member, the geometry of part A has the following characteristics.

[1054] At least within a certain length range, portion A of the component has an axis. Within the axis of portion A, at least a length of the axis is a straight line or a curve; preferably, the curve is an arched curve.

[1055] Within one, several, or all of the length of component A, the shape enclosed by the outer contour lines of the cross-section of component A, or / and the shape enclosed by the outer contour lines of the cross-section of the cavity surrounded by component A, has the following characteristics: The shape is enclosed by straight lines and / or curves; the selection range of the enclosed shape includes at least convex shapes; the selection range of convex shapes includes at least convex curved shapes, convex polygons, and convex rounded polygons; the selection range of convex curved shapes includes at least circles and ellipses.

[1056] Preferably, the cross-section of component A also has one of the following characteristics: (1) at least within a certain length range of the component, the shape and size of the cross-section of component A are the same at different positions in the length direction; (2) at least within a certain length range of the component, the cross-sections of component A at different positions in the length direction have similar shapes but different sizes; (3) at least within a certain length range of the component, at least two different positions can be found in the length direction, and the cross-sections of component A at these two positions have dissimilar shapes and different sizes.

[1057] Preferably, part A includes a pipe and a sealing device, the sealing device being connected to both ends of the pipe to seal the pipe openings. Preferably, the pipe shape can be selected from a range of cylindrical and frustum shapes; preferably, the frustum shape can be selected from a range of frustum shapes including frustums of cylinders, frustums of elliptical cross sections, and frustums of prisms.

[1058] 5.5.2. Typical component S1 – Material B

[1059] Preferably, the solid pressure-bearing member is a typical member S1. The typical pressure-bearing member S1 is characterized in that the cavity in part A is filled with only one type of material from part B. Preferably, a long-sized combined volume compensation device is placed in the cavity in part A; preferably, the length of the combined volume compensation device is close to the length of the cavity in part A; preferably, the device is located at the geometric centroid of the cavity's cross-section. Preferably, multiple long-sized combined volume compensation devices are placed in the cavity in part A, and the devices are located around the periphery of the cavity's cross-section. Preferably, multiple short-sized combined volume compensation devices are placed in the cavity in part A, their combined length being less than or equal to the length of the cavity in part A, and these devices are arranged on an axis parallel to part A. Preferably, multiple straight lines parallel to the axis of part A or parallel to the wall of part A exist in the cavity in part A, and several short-sized combined volume compensation devices are arranged on each straight line.

[1060] 5.5.3. Typical component S2 – 2 types of B materials

[1061] Preferably, the solid compression member is a typical member S2. The typical compression member S2 is characterized in that the cavity in part A is filled with two types of material B, namely material B1 and material B2. Preferably, compared to material B1, material B2 has relatively high fluidity for at least a certain period of time; preferably, the end of the flowable state of material B2 is later than the end of the flowable state of material B1; preferably, the end of the flowable state of material B2 is later than the occurrence of the volume shrinkage inflection point of material B1.

[1062] Preferably, the B1 material is surrounded by the B2 material. Preferably, in the cross-section of the cavity in part A, there is only one area occupied by the B1 material; more preferably, there are areas occupied by two or more B1 materials.

[1063] Preferably, at least a portion of the boundary surface of the B1 material is separated from the boundary surface of the B2 material by an isolation device; preferably, the isolation device includes a cylinder and a bottom; preferably, the isolation device also includes an upper cover.

[1064] Preferably, only one or more combined volume compensation devices exist in the cavity of section A, and the length of the device is close to the length of the cavity of section A; preferably, multiple short-sized combined volume compensation devices exist in the cavity of section A. Preferably, the combined volume compensation devices are surrounded or enclosed by material B2.

[1065] 5.5.4. Typical component S3 – 1 type B material + auxiliary load-bearing

[1066] Preferably, the solid compression member is a typical member S3. The difference between typical member S3 and typical member S1 is that a supporting load-bearing device is present in the cavity of part A of typical member S3. The function of the supporting load-bearing device is to help the material of part B in the compression member bear the axial load. The selection range of the supporting load-bearing device includes structural steel, prefabricated components, natural stone, or an assembly device containing multiple prefabricated components, or a stacking or assembly device containing multiple pieces of natural stone. The length of the supporting load-bearing device is equal to or close to the length of the cavity in part A.

[1067] Typical component S4 in section 5.5.5.: Two types of B materials + auxiliary load-bearing capacity

[1068] Preferably, the solid compression member is typical member S4. The difference between typical member S4 and typical member S2 is that auxiliary load-bearing device is also present in the cavity of part A of typical member S4.

[1069] 5.5.6. Typical component S5 – Material B + restraint stirrups

[1070] Preferably, the solid compression member is a typical member S5. The difference between typical member S5 and typical member S1 is that typical member S5 has lateral restraint stirrups within the cavity of part A. These lateral restraint stirrups surround a region, and when the solidified part B in this region undergoes lateral expansion, the restraint stirrups can limit the expansion of the material in part B, thereby increasing the axial compressive strength of the surrounded material B. Preferably, the cross-section of the region surrounded by the restraint stirrups is circular.

[1071] Preferably, the restraining stirrup is a helical stirrup; when the material in part B is in a flowable state, the material can flow into or out of the area surrounded or encircled by the restraining stirrup through the gaps on the restraining stirrup; when the material B in the outer region of the restraining stirrup is subjected to pressure, the material B can transmit the pressure to the inner region of the transverse restraining stirrup through the gaps in the stirrup. After the material B in the inner region of the transverse restraining stirrup solidifies, if transverse expansion occurs due to axial pressure, the restraining stirrup will restrict its transverse expansion, which will improve the axial bearing capacity of the material B in the inner region of the restraining stirrup.

[1072] 5.5.7. Typical component S6 – 2 types of B materials + restraint stirrups

[1073] Preferably, the solid compression member is a typical member S6. The difference between typical member S6 and typical member S5 is that the cavity in part A of typical member S6 contains two types of material B, namely materials B1 and B2. Preferably, compared to material B1, material B2 has relatively high fluidity for at least a certain period of time; preferably, the end of the flowable state of material B2 is later than the end of the flowable state of material B1; preferably, the end of the flowable state of material B2 is later than the occurrence of the volume shrinkage inflection point of material B1.

[1074] Preferably, the B1 material is located in the area surrounded or encircled by the restraining stirrup; the restraining stirrup is surrounded or encircled by the B2 material;

[1075] Preferably, B1 is surrounded or enclosed by an isolation device; preferably, the isolation device is located in the inner region of the restraining stirrup, which is surrounded or enclosed by material B2.

[1076] Typical component S7 in 5.5.8: Material B + restraint stirrups + auxiliary load-bearing capacity

[1077] Preferably, the solid compression member is a typical member S7. The difference between typical member S7 and typical member S5 is that typical member S7 also contains an auxiliary load-bearing device. Preferably, the auxiliary load-bearing device is located in the inner region of the restraining stirrups; preferably, the auxiliary load-bearing device is located in the outer region of the restraining stirrups.

[1078] Typical component S8 in 5.5.9 – Two types of B materials + restraint stirrups + auxiliary load-bearing capacity

[1079] Preferably, the solid compression member is a typical member S8. The difference between typical member S8 and typical member S6 is that typical member S8 also contains an auxiliary load-bearing device. Preferably, the auxiliary load-bearing device is located in the inner region of the restraining stirrups; preferably, the auxiliary load-bearing device is located in the outer region of the restraining stirrups.

[1080] 5.6. Hollow Compression Components

[1081] Preferably, the combined structural member is a hollow compression member; preferably, the selection range of the hollow compression member includes columns; preferably, the axis of the hollow compression member is a straight line or an arched curve.

[1082] Part A of 5.6.1.

[1083] When the combined structural member is a hollow compression member, the geometry of part A has the following characteristics.

[1084] Part A contains at least pipe A and pipe B, with at least one section of pipe A located within the bore of pipe B; there are two sealing devices located in the gap between the two pipes, with a certain distance between the two sealing devices; an annular closed cavity is formed by the outer surface of pipe A, the inner surface of pipe B, and the two sealing devices, and the cavity is the cavity in part A.

[1085] 5.6.2. Typical component H1 – Material B

[1086] Preferably, the hollow pressure-bearing member is a typical member H1. The typical pressure-bearing member H1 is characterized by the presence of a B-part material within the annular cavity.

[1087] Preferably, the annular cavity contains one long-sized combined volume compensation device; preferably, the annular cavity contains two or more long-sized combined volume compensation devices, the length of which is close to the length of the cavity, and the combined volume compensation devices are evenly distributed in cross-section. Preferably, the annular cavity contains multiple short-sized combined volume compensation devices.

[1088] Preferably, tubes A and B in part A of the hollow component are both circular cross-section tubes. Whether the outer or inner surface is under pressure, the circular cross-section tube has the highest ability to withstand normal pressure.

[1089] Preferably, tubes A and B of part A of the hollow component are circular, elliptical, polygonal, or rounded polygonal tubes, and tension bolts are present between tubes A and B. When the material of part B in the cavity is in a flowable state, if part B is subjected to compressive stress or pre-compressive stress, tube A, located inside the annular cavity, is subjected to normal compressive stress and is prone to instability. When the material of part B in the cavity is in a solid state, if the component is subjected to axial pressure, part B will expand laterally, compressing tubes A and B. Tension bolts can improve the ability of tubes A and B to withstand normal pressure, thereby improving the axial compressive strength of part B. Among tubes with the same circumference and wall thickness, the circular cross-section tube has a higher ability to withstand maximum normal pressure than other shapes. When the cross-sections of tubes A and B are not circular, the ability of tension bolts to improve the tubes' resistance to normal pressure is more significant.

[1090] 5.6.3. Typical component H2 – 2 types of B materials

[1091] Preferably, the hollow compression member is a typical member H2. The typical compression member H2 is characterized by the presence of two types of B-part materials, distributed B1 and B2 materials, within the annular cavity. Preferably, compared to material B1, material B2 exhibits relatively high fluidity for at least a certain period; preferably, the end of the flowable state of material B2 is later than the end of the flowable state of material B1; preferably, the end of the flowable state of material B2 is later than the occurrence of the volume shrinkage inflection point of material B1.

[1092] Preferably, multiple B1 material regions exist on the cross-section of the annular cavity, each region being a simply connected domain, and each region being occupied by B1 material; these B1 material regions are surrounded by B2 material. Preferably, at least one of the B1 material regions is surrounded or enclosed by an isolation device; preferably, each of the B1 material regions is surrounded or enclosed by an isolation device; preferably, each isolation device is surrounded or enclosed by B2 material; preferably, at least a portion of an isolation device exists between a portion of the boundary surface of at least one B1 material region and a portion of the boundary surface of the B2 material region.

[1093] Preferably, the annular cavity contains a long-length combined volume compensation device, which is surrounded or enclosed by B2 material. Preferably, the annular cavity contains two or more long-length combined volume compensation devices, the length of which is approximately equal to the length of the cavity, and the combined volume compensation devices are distributed at equal or approximately equal distances in cross-section; preferably, at least one of the combined volume compensation devices is surrounded or enclosed by B2 material; preferably, each combined volume compensation device is surrounded or enclosed by the B2 material.

[1094] Preferably, the annular cavity contains multiple short-sized combined volume compensation devices, each of which is surrounded or enclosed by material B2. Preferably, several short-sized combined volume compensation devices form a group, all located on a straight line parallel to the axis of section A or parallel to the wall of section A; preferably, multiple groups of short-sized combined volume compensation devices exist in the annular cavity, with each group located on a straight line.

[1095] 5.6.4. Typical component H3 – 1 type B material + auxiliary load-bearing

[1096] Preferably, the hollow compression member is a typical member H3. The difference between typical member H3 and typical member H1 is that a supporting load-bearing device is present in the cavity of part A of typical member H3. The function of the supporting load-bearing device is to help the material of part B in the compression member bear the axial load. The selection range of the supporting load-bearing device includes structural steel, prefabricated components, natural stone, or an assembly device containing multiple prefabricated components, or a stacking or assembly device containing multiple pieces of natural stone. The length of the supporting load-bearing device is equal to or close to the length of the cavity in part A.

[1097] Typical component H4 in section 5.6.5: Two types of B materials + auxiliary load-bearing capacity

[1098] Preferably, the hollow compression member is a typical member H4. The difference between typical member H4 and typical member H2 is that a supporting device is also present in the cavity of part A of typical member H4. Preferably, the supporting device is surrounded or enclosed by material B1; preferably, the supporting device is surrounded or enclosed by material B2.

[1099] Typical component H5 in document 5.6.6.: Material B + restraint stirrups

[1100] Preferably, the hollow compression member is a typical member H5. The difference between typical member H5 and typical member H1 is that typical member H5 has one or more transverse restraint stirrups in the annular cavity of part A.

[1101] Preferably, at least one of the combined volume compensation devices is located in the inner region of the restraining stirrup; preferably, at least one of the combined volume compensation devices is located in the outer region of the restraining stirrup.

[1102] When the B-part material in its solid state is subjected to axial pressure, it undergoes lateral expansion, compressing tubes A and B. Tube A, being the inner tube, experiences tangential pressure when the B-part material compresses its surface. If the inward bulging of the B-part material in a certain region exceeds that in other regions, tube A will experience localized instability. The radial pressure provided by tube A to the B-part material within the annular cavity is significantly lower than that provided by tube B. The restraining stirrups within the annular cavity provide radial restraint to the B-part material within their inner regions, thereby increasing the axial compressive strength of the B-part material within these inner regions and ultimately improving the axial load-bearing capacity and stability of the component.

[1103] 5.6.7. Typical component H6 – 2 types of B materials + restraint stirrups

[1104] Preferably, the hollow compression member is a typical member H6. The difference between typical member H6 and typical member H2 is that typical member H6 has one or more transverse restraint stirrups in the annular cavity of part A.

[1105] Preferably, at least one of the B1 material regions is located within the inner region of the restraining stirrup; preferably, each of the B1 material regions is located within the inner region of the restraining stirrup.

[1106] Preferably, at least one region of the B1 material is located within the inner region of the isolation device, which is situated within the inner region of the transverse restraint stirrup, which is surrounded or enclosed by the B2 material. The B2 material is capable of entering the inner region of the transverse restraint stirrup and contacting the isolation device. Preferably, at least one pressure piston and / or a combined volume compensation device is surrounded or enclosed by the B2 material, which can push the flowable B2 material into the inner region of the restraint stirrup, compressing the isolation device surrounding or enclosing the B1 material. See also Figure 70 and Figure 71 .

[1107] Preferably, at least one confining stirrup's internal region is entirely occupied by material B2, and the transverse confining stirrup is also surrounded or enclosed by material B2. Preferably, a pressure piston or combined volume compensation device is also present in the internal region of the confining stirrup. Preferably, in the same annular cavity, there is at least one other confining stirrup whose internal region contains material B1; preferably, the material B1 is surrounded or enclosed by an isolation device located in the internal region of the confining stirrup. The pressure piston or combined volume compensation device can be used to push B2 out through the gaps in the confining stirrups, squeezing the material B2 in the outer region, which then transmits pressure to the material B1 in the internal regions of the remaining confining stirrups, filling the volume shrinkage of the material B1.

[1108] Typical component H7 in section 5.6.8: 1 type of material B + restraint stirrups + auxiliary load-bearing capacity

[1109] Preferably, the solid compression member is a typical member H7. The difference between typical member H7 and typical member H5 is that typical member H7 also contains an auxiliary load-bearing device. Preferably, the auxiliary load-bearing device is located in the inner region of the transverse restraint stirrups; preferably, the auxiliary load-bearing device is located in the outer region of the transverse restraint stirrups.

[1110] Typical component H8 (5.6.9) – Two types of B materials + restraint stirrups + auxiliary load-bearing capacity

[1111] Preferably, the solid compression member is a typical member H8. The difference between typical member H8 and typical member H6 is that typical member H8 also contains an auxiliary load-bearing device. Preferably, the auxiliary load-bearing device is located in the inner region of the transverse restraint stirrups; preferably, the auxiliary load-bearing device is located in the outer region of the transverse restraint stirrups.

[1112] 5.7. Examples of Solid and Hollow Compression Components

[1113] Example 2.1 of 5.7.1. Figure 73 and Figure 74

[1114] Composite structures are steel pipes filled with RPC (Reinforced Polymer) and used as pressure-bearing components, such as... Figure 60 and Figure 61 As shown. In Figure 60Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The flange 111 is welded to the upper end of the steel pipe 12, and the lower sealing plate 13 is welded to the lower end of the steel pipe 12. The upper sealing plate 110 and the flange 111 are bolted together, with bolt holes 1101 on the upper sealing plate aligning with bolt holes 1111 on the flange. A feed hole 1102 and a center hole 1103 are machined on the upper sealing plate. A long-length combined volume compensation device 3 is installed at the axial position within the cavity of the steel pipe 12, its length being approximately equal to the height of the cavity.

[1115] The support device in the combined volume compensation device 3 adopts a type III support device, such as... Figures 21-23 As shown in Example 1, the bladder-like pressure supply device 31 placed in the internal region of the perforated steel pipe 3211 is a pressurized energy storage device. Preferably, the bladder-like pressure supply device is a pressurized air bladder, which is connected to a pressure source via a pipe 3101. Preferably, the pressurized energy storage device is a pressurized liquid energy storage bladder, which is connected to a hydraulic source and an accumulator via a pressurized pipe 3101.

[1116] The cavity of steel pipe 12 is filled with only one type of material, B, which is reactive powder concrete (RPC) with a maximum particle size of 0.635 mm. Figure 60 The connecting channel between the internal and external areas of the connecting support device is suitable for the RPC to flow through. Preferably, the hole 3212 on the inner steel pipe 3211 is 2-3 mm or 3-5 mm; preferably, the hole 3222 on the outer steel pipe 3221 is 2-3 mm or 3-5 mm; preferably, the gap 332 between the outer surface of the inner steel pipe 3211 and the inner surface of the outer steel pipe 3221 is 3-5 mm or 5-8 mm.

[1117] The same RPC material with the same proportion is used to fill the inner region 31 of the support device 32, the pipe holes 3212 and 3222 of the inner and outer steel pipes, and the gap 332 between the inner and outer steel pipes. There are many filling methods, but a relatively simple method is to let the RPC flow into the inner region 331 along the connecting channel between the outer region and the inner region of the support device.

[1118] Preferably, the pressure supply device used in the combined volume compensation device is a lower limit air bladder or a lower limit liquid bladder, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the support is trilobal or quadrilobal, see [reference]. Figure 17 .

[1119] The construction steps are as follows.

[1120] (1) Create Part A

[1121] (2) Install a combined volume compensation device

[1122] Fix the perforated steel pipe 32 in the combined volume compensation device to the axial position of the steel pipe 12, place the lower limit air bladder or lower limit liquid bladder in the cavity of the perforated steel pipe 32, and then install the perforated plug 3202 onto the perforated steel pipe 32. The pressurization pipeline 3101 passes through the round hole 3203 of the plug.

[1123] (3) Filling RPC

[1124] The cavity of the steel pipe 12 is filled with RPC material in a flowable state. While filling, the steel pipe 12 is vibrated with a vibrator or the RPC is vibrated with a vibrator to remove air bubbles in the RPC and allow the RPC to enter the internal area 311 of the support device along the connecting channel. There are two channels for removing gas inside the perforated steel pipe 3211: (1) the gap between the central hole of the upper sealing device 3213 and the pipeline 3101, and (2) the pipe wall hole 3212 of the inner steel pipe 3211.

[1125] When the filling reaches the flange height, pause the filling process.

[1126] (4) Install the sealing plate 1101

[1127] Pass the pressurization line 3101 through the center hole of the upper sealing plate, then connect the upper sealing plate to the flange with bolts, and seal the gap between the pressurization line 3101 and the wall of the center hole. The sealing method is to use a perforated threaded plug. The diameter of the hole in the threaded plug is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the air inlet pipe, and a groove for placing a sealing ring is machined in the hole of the threaded plug. Before installing the threaded plug, put the sealing ring into the groove, and then install the threaded plug.

[1128] (5) Continue filling RPC

[1129] The remaining space of RPC is filled into the cavity of steel pipe 12 using a thin tube. The outer diameter of the thin tube is smaller than the diameter of the feed hole 1102, and the gap between the two is used to release the gas in the cavity of steel pipe 12. After filling, the feed hole 1102 is sealed with a plug.

[1130] To ensure that the gaps in the support device 3 are filled tightly by the RPC, cyclic pressure can also be applied to the RPC in the steel pipe 12. The pressurization method includes blocking the gap between the feed pipe and the feed hole, and then pressurizing the RPC in the steel pipe 12 through the feed pipe.

[1131] (6) Pressurization

[1132] There are two methods for applying pressure.

[1133] The first method is to use an air pump to force compressed air into the pressurization pipeline, and maintain the pressure constant or maintain the pressure fluctuating within the required range after the pressure reaches the preset value.

[1134] When the preset pressure is low, such as 2 to 5 MPa, it is more appropriate to use gas pressurization.

[1135] The second method involves using a hydraulic pump to inject liquid into a pressurized pipeline. Once the pressure reaches a preset value, it is maintained at a constant pressure or fluctuates within a required range. Preferably, an accumulator is installed on the hydraulic pipeline.

[1136] When the preset pressure is high, such as 5-10 MPa, 10-20 MPa, 20-30 MPa, 30-40 MPa or 40-70 MPa, it is more reasonable to use liquid pressurization.

[1137] (7) Post-processing

[1138] When the strength of the RPC reaches or exceeds a preset value, the pressurization pump and pressurization pipeline are removed. Preferably, the preset strength value is a cube compressive strength of 30-60 MPa.

[1139] Technical effect analysis

[1140] This embodiment employs the simplest structure, using only a single combined volume compensation device and a single type of material for part B. This solution is suitable when the volume shrinkage of part B is small, or / and the cavity of steel pipe 12 is relatively small.

[1141] Because an external pressure source is used to control the pressure, the pressure of the fluid inside the bladder remains constant or within the required range, even when the volume of the air or liquid bladder changes significantly.

[1142] Example 2.2 of 5.7.2. Figure 75 Figure 76 Figure 77 ; Figure 1 Figure 3

[1143] The component is a steel-concrete composite column, such as... Figure 62 , Figure 63 , Figure 64 As shown. Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The upper sealing plate and the flange are bolted together, with bolt holes 1101 on the upper sealing plate facing bolt holes 1111 on the lower sealing plate. Construction holes 1102 and 1103 are machined on the upper sealing plate.

[1144] Two C-shaped isolation devices 41 and 42 are placed in the cavity of steel pipe 12. Their height is slightly lower than the height of the cavity of steel pipe 12. They divide the cavity into three regions, namely regions 211, 212 and 22. Regions 211 and 212 are filled with the same ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC), while region 22 is filled with retarded resetting concrete (RPC). The flowability of the RPC ends later than the volume shrinkage inflection point of the UHSC.

[1145] The combined volume compensation device 3 is placed along the axis of the steel pipe 12 in section A, within area 22, and surrounded by the RPC. The length of the combined volume compensation device 3 is slightly less than the height of the cavity in the steel pipe 12. The combined volume compensation device 3 is as follows... Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the support device includes a steel pipe 3201 with holes 3202 in the pipe wall and an end sealing device (plug) 3203. Multiple upper limit airbags 31, or upper limit gas-liquid airbags 31, or double-limit gas-liquid airbags 31 are placed in the internal region of the steel pipe 3201. Preferably, the support placed in the double-limit gas-liquid airbag is a spherical shell or a capsule-shaped shell with holes. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The support device shown is a type I support device. The same retarding RPC is used to fill the internal region 331 and the cavity region 3202 of the steel pipe 3201.

[1146] The construction method is as follows.

[1147] (1) Constructing Part A of the composite structure

[1148] (2) Assembled and combined volume compensation device

[1149] The upper limit airbag and / or upper limit gas-liquid airbag of the combined volume compensation device is filled with gas or liquefied gas. The upper limit airbag and / or upper limit gas-liquid airbag are placed into the perforated steel pipe 3201. The plug 3203 is installed at the opening of the steel pipe 3201. The two are connected by threads.

[1150] (3) Install the combined volume compensation device and C-shaped isolation device.

[1151] The combined volume compensation device 3 is fixed at the axial position of the steel pipe 12, and then two C-shaped isolation devices 41 and 42 are installed. To ensure the "C" ends can tightly contact the inner wall of the steel pipe 12, the ends of the "C" in the fabricated isolation devices should protrude slightly, and the spacing should be greater than the spacing after installation. During installation, a pre-pressure is applied to the isolation devices. Several support blocks are placed between the two C-shaped isolation devices to facilitate the application of pre-pressure. Preferably, the two ends of the "C" in the C-shaped isolation devices are taped to the inner wall of the steel pipe 12. Preferably, a flexible bag with mesh is placed in each of regions 211 and 212 to be filled with UHSC. The mesh should ensure that RPC only slightly leaks out and does not flow out. The circumference of the bag should be slightly greater than or equal to the circumference of its region 211 or 212. After the woven bag is filled with UHSC, it can prevent UHSC from squeezing between the C-shaped isolation device and the inner wall of the steel pipe 12.

[1152] Preferably, several points are selected at the two ends of the "C" of the C-shaped isolation device and welded to the inner wall of the steel pipe 12 by welding.

[1153] (4) Filling part B with the material

[1154] UHSC is simultaneously filled into zones 211 and 212, while retarded RPC is filled into zone 22. During the filling process, the perforated steel pipe 3201 in the combined volume compensation device is vibrated with a vibrator to ensure that the RPC can fully enter and to release the gas inside the steel pipe 3201. Filling is paused when the material in section B approaches the height of the flange.

[1155] (5) Install the sealing plate and pressure pipe

[1156] Install the sealing plate, and then install the pressurization pipe onto the construction hole 1103.

[1157] (6) Continue filling part B with the material.

[1158] RPC is filled into the cavity through a pressurized pipe installed on the construction hole 1103, and gas is discharged from the construction hole 1102 during the filling process. After filling, the construction hole 1102 is sealed with a plug.

[1159] (7) Pressurization process

[1160] Connect the pressurization hose to the pressurization device and use the pressurization device to squeeze the retarded RPC in the pressurization hose. When the pressure reaches the preset value, pause or stop pressurization.

[1161] When the pressure supply device 31 is an airbag, the maximum pressure applied must ensure that the compressive stress in the RPC material is greater than the initial air pressure of the upper limit airbag so that the airbag can be compressed.

[1162] When the pressure supply device 31 is a gas-liquid bladder, attention must be paid to the flow rate and pressure of the medium in the pipeline during pressurization. Before all the gas in the gas-liquid bladder is converted into liquid, the gas pressure in the bladder is independent of its volume. During the pressurization of the RPC in the cavity of steel pipe 12, in the initial stage, as the volume of RPC material injected into the cavity of steel pipe 12 increases, the pressure of the RPC in the pipeline increases slowly, at which point voids still exist in the cavity. When the void ratio becomes very small or eliminated, as the injection volume increases, the pressure in the cavity and the pressure in the pipeline both increase slowly. When all the gas in the gas-liquid bladder is compressed into liquid, as the injection volume increases, the pressure in the cavity of the steel pipe and the pressure in the pipeline both increase sharply. During pressurization, the pressurization equipment should be controlled according to this characteristic. Once only liquid remains in the gas-liquid bladder, injection must be stopped.

[1163] There are two methods for pressurization: one-time pressurization and intermittent pressurization.

[1164] (i) One-time pressurization

[1165] a. The pressure supply device is a distributed airbag.

[1166] When the pressure of the RPC in the cavity of the steel pipe 12 exceeds the air pressure in the upper limit airbag (e.g., 5 MPa), the apparent volume of the airbag begins to decrease; when the pressure of the RPC reaches the preset value (e.g., 6 MPa), the pressurization process ends, the valve on the pipeline is closed, and the pressurization device is removed.

[1167] b. The pressure supply device is a distributed gas-liquid bladder.

[1168] During pressurization, monitor the relationship between the injection volume and pressure. If the pressure suddenly increases with the injection volume, it indicates that the gas in the gas-liquid bladder has been liquefied, or that the wall of the dual-limit gas-liquid bladder is in full contact with the support inside. In this case, RPC injection should be stopped immediately. Because the gas-liquid bladder does not experience a pressure drop even when its volume expands significantly, it is particularly suitable for one-time pressurization.

[1169] (ii) Intermittent pressurization

[1170] When the total volume of RPC shrinkage during hydration is large, a one-time pressurization may not be sufficient to compensate for the RPC shrinkage due to insufficient volume expansion of the pressurizing device. Intermittent pressurization can solve this problem. (See figure...) Figures 62-64 In the component shown, the injected RPC is located outside the bladder-type pressure supply device. When the RPC is injected, the surrounding RPCs compress the bladder 31, causing it to shrink in volume. When the injection stops, if the RPCs shrink in volume, the bladder 31 expands in volume.

[1171] When using intermittent pressurization, pressurization should be stopped before the retarded RPC reaches its flowable state. The valves on the pressurization line should be closed and the pressurization device removed.

[1172] a. The pressure supply device is a distributed airbag.

[1173] When the pressure of the RPC reaches the upper limit preset value (6MPa), pressurization is paused; when the pressure drops to the lower limit preset value (5MPa), the pressurization device is activated to continue pressurizing and injecting RPC into the cavity: this cycle repeats.

[1174] b. The pressure supply device is a distributed gas-liquid bladder.

[1175] When the pressure supply device is a gas-liquid bladder, the pressure of the RPC in the cavity of steel pipe 12 must be monitored. If the pressure is found to be lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the medium in the gas-liquid bladder, the RPC must be injected into the cavity; if the pressure in the cavity is higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the medium in the gas-liquid bladder, the injection must be stopped immediately. This cycle repeats. When using intermittent pressurization, it is best to use a gas bladder, as using a gas-liquid bladder increases the technical difficulty.

[1176] (8) Post-processing

[1177] Once the strength of both UHSC and retarded RPC reaches or exceeds the preset value, remove the pressurization pipe.

[1178] Other preferred solutions

[1179] The solution in this embodiment is applicable to composite structures with large or extra-large cross-sections. Preferably, a retarding and friction-reducing layer is laid at the boundary between region 211 and steel pipe 12, and at the boundary between region 212 and steel pipe 12. This treatment can prevent the UHSC from generating tangential shear stress near the inner wall of the steel pipe due to volume shrinkage in composite structures with large or extra-large cross-sections. The elimination or reduction of the shear stress allows the UHSC in both regions to be in a stress state where the compressive stress in all transverse directions is approximately equal. This stress state is most conducive to improving the axial load-bearing capacity of the UHSC.

[1180] Preferably, the upper limit airbag is replaced with a pressurized airbag or a pressurized energy storage liquid bladder with a pressurized pipeline. After the cavity of steel pipe 12 is filled with UHSC and retarder RPC, the construction holes 1102 and 1103 are sealed. Then, fluid is filled into the airbag or liquid bladder through the pressurized pipeline, applying pressure to the airbag or liquid bladder from the inside. It first applies pressure to the retarder RPC, which then transmits the pressure to the UHSC. Because the external pressure source can continuously fill the airbag or liquid bladder with fluid, the pressure inside the bladder can be kept within the required range regardless of the volume expansion of the airbag or liquid bladder. The advantages of this scheme are more obvious when the cross-section of the combined structure is large.

[1181] Technical effect analysis

[1182] The advantage of this technical solution is its adaptability to composite structures with large or ultra-large cross-sections. When the UHSC shrinks in regions 211 and 212, the retarded RPC at the boundary of the isolation device can push the isolation device into regions 211 and 212. Furthermore, if gaps appear between the UHSC and the steel pipe 12 due to shrinkage deformation in regions 211 and 212, the retarded RPC can also be squeezed into the gaps, ensuring that the stress state of the UHSC is at or near a hydrostatic pressure state. Experiencing this stress state during solidification is beneficial for improving the final strength of the UHSC. After reaching or approaching its final strength, the triaxial stress state under confining pressure of the UHSC is beneficial for improving the axial compressive strength of the material itself and the axial compressive bearing capacity of the composite structure.

[1183] Example 2.3 of 5.7.3. Figure 78 , Figure 79 , Figure 80

[1184] The composite structure is a steel-concrete composite axially compressed member, such as... Figures 65-67 As shown. Part A includes an upper sealing plate 110, a flange 111, a steel pipe 12, and a lower sealing plate 13. The upper sealing plate and the flange are connected by bolts. A pressure hole 1103 and a vent hole 1102 are machined on the upper sealing plate.

[1185] A cylindrical isolation device 4 is installed in the cavity of the steel pipe 12, which divides the cross-section of the cavity of the steel pipe 12 into an inner cylindrical region and an outer cylindrical region. The inner cylindrical region is filled with ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) material 21 containing coarse aggregate, while the outer cylindrical region is filled with... Retarded epoxy mixture 22. The aforementioned Retarded epoxy mixture It is a mixture of retarded epoxy resin and quartz powder. The flowability of the retarded epoxy mixture ends later than the volume shrinkage inflection point of the UHSC material 21. Four combined volume compensation devices 3 are installed in the area occupied by the retarded epoxy mixture 22. Near the four combined volume compensation devices, the isolation device 4 is provided with a concave arc (see...). Figure 67 Its function is twofold: firstly, to free up space for the combined volume compensation device, and secondly, to adjust the area change between region 21 and region 22. The pressure supply device in the combined volume compensation device can be one of the following: upper limit airbag, double limit airbag, upper limit gas-liquid airbag, double limit gas-liquid airbag, or elastic shell energy storage device.

[1186] The selection range of support devices in the combined volume compensation device includes those with Type I, Type II, and Type III support devices. The same type of material is also used to fill the internal areas, holes, pores, and gaps of the combined volume compensation device. Retarded epoxy concrete Compound.

[1187] The method for manufacturing the combined structure is as follows.

[1188] (1) Make part A, assemble the combined volume compensation device, fix the combined volume compensation device into the cavity of steel pipe 12, and install the fixed isolation device.

[1189] (2) Fill with material B

[1190] UHSC material 21 is filled into the interior of the cylinder 4, and a mixture 22 of retarded epoxy resin and quartz powder is filled into the gap between the cylinder 4 and the steel pipe 12. Since the specific gravity of the retarded epoxy mixture is lower than that of concrete, the height of the retarded epoxy mixture 22 is slightly higher than the height of the high-strength concrete 21 during the filling process. Preferably, to prevent the concrete from squeezing the cylinder 4 too much, several support blocks can be placed between the cylinder 4 and the steel pipe 12. When both materials are filled to a height close to the flange, the filling is paused.

[1191] When the UHSC reaches the upper edge of the isolation device 4, filling is stopped; a cover is placed on the upper surface of the UHSC to separate it from other materials to be filled subsequently. Preferably, the cover is made of sheet metal with a shape similar to or the same as the cross-section of the internal area of ​​the isolation device.

[1192] (3) Install the sealing plate 110, and then install the pressurization pipeline. The pressurization pipeline is installed on the pressurization hole 1103.

[1193] (4) Continue filling part B with the material.

[1194] Retarded epoxy compound is filled into the upper void 221 of the cavity in the steel pipe 12 through the pressure port 1103. During the filling process, the vent port 1102 is kept open to allow gas to escape. When filling the upper void 221, retarded RPC can also be used instead of the retarded epoxy compound. Because RPC has higher compressive strength and elastic modulus than retarded epoxy compounds, retarded RPC is more suitable for working in conjunction with the steel pipe.

[1195] (5) Pressurization

[1196] A retarded epoxy mixture or a retarded RPC is extruded into the cavity of the steel pipe 12 through a pressurized pipeline, applying compressive stress to the UHSC, retarded epoxy mixture, or retarded RPC in the cavity. Pressurization is stopped once the compressive stress reaches a preset value. The pressurization method can be either a one-time event or intermittent.

[1197] Other preferred alternatives

[1198] Preferably, when the cross-section of the component is large, a slow-setting and friction-reducing layer is provided on the inner wall of the lower sealing plate in part A. This can prevent shear stress from being generated between the lower sealing plate and the UHSC when the UHSC shrinks after solidification, which could cause transverse tensile stress inside the nearby UHSC.

[1199] Technical effect analysis

[1200] This scheme ensures that: (1) as long as material 22 is in a flowable state, material 21 is in a hydrostatic pressure state regardless of whether material 21 is in a flowable or solid state; (2) when material 22 becomes solid, the compressive stress o...

Claims

1. A combined volume compensation device, comprising: support device and Pressure supply device ;in, (1) Corresponding to the support device, there is an inner region of the support device and an outer region of the support device, the inner region is surrounded or enclosed by the support device, and the outer region surrounds or encloses the support device. There are one or more connecting channels between the inner region and the outer region; (2) All or part of the pressure supply device is located in the internal area of ​​the support device, and the outer surface of the pressure supply device can provide pressure to the medium in contact with it.

2. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device is a type I support device, which includes... Perforated housing.

3. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device is a type II support device; the type II support device is characterized in that the connection channel between the internal area and the external area of ​​the support device includes a gap or a slit.

4. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The type II support device includes a spiral belt, which can be a single type of spiral belt or multiple types of spiral belts; The single-ring spiral strip is characterized in that the cross-section of each turn is the same; there is a gap between two adjacent spiral strips along the axial direction; the shape of the spiral strip is similar to the strip material in a spiral steel pipe. The multiple spiral bands are characterized in that at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: the cross-sectional shape and / or size of the regions around which these two spiral bands are respectively located are different. Preferably, among the various spiral bands, at least two adjacent spiral bands have the following characteristics: there is an overlapping portion along the length direction between the two adjacent spiral bands, and there is a gap between the outer surface of one spiral band and the inner surface of the other spiral band in the overlapping portion; Preferably, in the plurality of spiral bands, a gap exists along the length direction between two adjacent spiral bands; Preferably, the axis of the region surrounded by the single or multiple spiral bands is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the region surrounded by the single or multiple spiral bands is a curve. Preferably, the single or multiple spiral strips have multiple points connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral strip.

5. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The type II support device includes a spiral wire, which is a single type of spiral wire or multiple types of spiral wires, and the shape of the spiral wire is similar to a spiral spring. The single-type spiral wire is characterized in that the cross-section of each turn of the spiral wire is the same. The characteristic of the various spiral wires is that at least two turns of the spiral wire have different cross-sections in the area they surround. Preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is no gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires; preferably, in one of the single-type spiral wires, there is a gap between at least two adjacent spiral wires. Preferably, in one of the plurality of spiral wires, the cross-section of the region around each turn of the spiral wire is different; Preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral wire surrounds is a straight line; preferably, the axis of the region around which the spiral wire surrounds is a curve. Preferably, the spiral wire has multiple points connected to one or more strip-shaped fixing devices to ensure a stable relative position between the turns of the spiral wire.

6. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Type II support device includes a short pipe assembly, which has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The short tube assembly device. Single-section short pipe assembly , The single section Short pipe assembly The characteristic is that all the short tubes have the same cross-sectional shape and size; at least two adjacent short tubes are like this, with a gap between their adjacent end faces; (2) In Single-section short pipe assembly In this context, there are at least two adjacent short tubes with a gap between their end faces; in addition, there are at least two adjacent short tubes with the following characteristic: there is no gap between their end faces. (3) The short tube assembly device. A combination device for short pipes with various cross-sections. The Multiple cross-sections tube Combined device The characteristic is that at least two adjacent short tubes are such that their cross-sectional shapes are different, or / and their cross-sectional dimensions are different; (4) In Multi-section short pipe combination device In this case, at least two adjacent short tubes are in this manner, with a section of one tube inserted into the bore of the other tube; Preferably, the length of the overlapping portion of the two short tubes is less than half the length of either tube. (5) The line connecting the axes of the short tubes is a straight line; (6) The line connecting the axes of the short tubes is a broken line, and the axes of two or more short tubes are tangent to the same curve; (7) There are connections between the short tubes to ensure that there is a fixed relative position between them.

7. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The type II support device includes shell Complete assembly device for cutting parts or Incomplete assembly of shell components There are gaps between the shell segments; The shell segment is a component obtained by dividing a shell. The shape and size of the shell segments assembled together are roughly the same as the shell before division. The shell has a closed cavity before division. The complete assembly of shell segments includes all the segments of a shell, while the incomplete assembly of shell segments only includes a portion of the segments of a shell. Preferably, there are connections between the housing segments to ensure that there is a fixed relative position between them.

8. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device includes a Type III support device. The type III support device includes device a and device b; device a is completely surrounded by device b, or at least a portion of device a is surrounded by device b. The selection range of the device a includes: a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, a pipe with perforated wall a2, a single type of spiral ribbon a31, multiple types of spiral ribbons a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a single type of cross-section short pipe combination device a51, multiple cross-section short pipe combination device b52, a complete shell segment combination device a61, and a non-complete shell segment combination device a62; The selection range of the device b includes: a perforated closed shell b11, a non-complete perforated closed shell b12, a pipe with perforated walls b2, a single type of spiral strip b31, multiple types of spiral strips b32, a single type of spiral wire b41, multiple types of spiral wire b42, a single type of cross-section short pipe combination device b51, multiple types of cross-section short pipe combination device b52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components b61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components b62.

9. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the single-section short tube assembly device a51, the inner contour line of the cross-section of the short tube is a corrugated closed curve, or a trapezoidal waveform closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve; In the multi-section short tube assembly b52, at least one short tube has a cross-sectional inner contour line that is a corrugated closed curve, a trapezoidal waveform closed curve, or a sawtooth closed curve.

10. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device includes a Type III support device, which comprises device c and device d. The selection range of the device c includes: a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, and a pipe a2 with perforated walls; The selection range of the device d includes a tube d1 with a longitudinal slit, an elongated shield d22, a block-shaped shield d3, and an unclosed annular shield d4; The device d is located outside the outer surface of the device c; In the holes on the housing wall or tube wall of the device c, at least some of the holes face the hole-free area or gap-free area on the device d. Preferably, when the device c is a perforated closed housing a11 or an incomplete perforated closed housing a12, the device d is an elongated shield d21 or a block-shaped shield d3; Preferably, when the device c is a tube a2 with holes in the tube wall, the device d is a tube d1 with a longitudinal slit, or a straight elongated shield d22, or a block-shaped shield d3, or an unclosed annular shield d4; Preferably, the holes on the tube wall of the perforated tube c2 face the gap-free area in the inner wall of the tube d1 with a longitudinal slit, or the hole-free area on the inner surface of the straight elongated shield d22, or the block-shaped shield d3, or the gap-free area on the inner surface of the unclosed annular shield d4.

11. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device is a type-IV support device, and the type-IV support device includes a device e and a device f; The device e is a perforated housing, and its selection range includes a perforated closed housing a11, an incomplete perforated closed housing a12, and a tube a2 with holes in the tube wall; The device f is a connecting channel extension device.

12. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device is a V-shaped support device; the V-shaped support device includes... Three-dimensional spiral device or Three-dimensional annular device ; Between two adjacent turns of the spiral device is Spiral gap area The dimension H1 of each spiral gap region in the axial direction is smaller than the dimension R1 in the radial direction; R1 is the dimension in the cross-section. Spiral gap area Minimum distance between the inner and outer boundaries; Between the three-dimensional ring devices are Three-dimensional annular gap area Each annular gap region has a dimension H1 in the axial direction that is smaller than its dimension R1 in the radial direction; R1 is the minimum distance between the inner and outer boundaries of the annular region in the cross-section. Preferably, the value range of the ratio R1 / H1 of the R1 to the H1 is 1 < R1 / H1 ≤ 5, or 5 < R1 / H1 ≤ 10, or 10 < R1 / H1 ≤ 15, or R1 / H1 > 15.

13. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The V-type support device has one of the following characteristics, (1) The V-type support device is formed by folding an elongated material multiple times. The elongated material has regularly distributed holes, and after the folding is completed, the geometric centers of the holes are on the same straight line or on the same regular curve; Preferably, the regular curve is an arched curve; Preferably, the holes are circular or oval or polygonal or rounded polygonal; (2) The V-type support device is assembled from multiple thin sheet devices with holes, and the geometric centers of the holes are on the same straight line or on the same regular curve; Preferably, in the cross-section, the selection ranges of the outer closed curve and the inner closed curve of the area where the thin sheet device is located include the boundary lines of a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, a rounded polygon, or a closed line composed of curves and straight lines. (3) When the axis of the support device is curved, the following applies: Slotted thin-walled protection device or / and Single-wire protection device Or / and wire mesh protective bladder-type pressure supply device.

14. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, [[ID= ​ The selection range of the device g includes: a perforated closed shell a11, a non-complete perforated closed shell a12, a pipe with perforated wall a2, a single type of spiral ribbon a31, multiple types of spiral ribbons a32, a single type of spiral wire a41, multiple types of spiral wires a42, a single type of cross-section short pipe combination device a51, multiple types of cross-section short pipe combination device a52, a complete combination device of shell segmentation components a61, and a non-complete combination device of shell segmentation components a62. The device b has the following characteristic: in cross-section, the device b can change the area it encloses.

15. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The device b is a constant perimeter device or a variable perimeter device; The Constant perimeter device It is a thin-walled tube with the following characteristics: at least two points on the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube in the cross-section have different curvatures; when the cross-section becomes circular, the area of ​​the cross-section increases; and the length of the outer boundary line of the thin-walled tube remains almost unchanged during the process of the cross-section becoming circular. The Variable perimeter device The feature is that the device in cross-section can change its enclosed area by changing its perimeter; Preferably, the variable perimeter device is a cylinder made of thin-walled material, and the thin-walled material in the cylinder has overlapping portions in cross-section, and the overlapping portions of thin-walled material can slide relative to each other.

16. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device is a type VII support device; The Type VII support device is a helical body with a helical cross-section. The helical body has a stable shape, and there are gaps between each turn. These gaps can be used as connecting channels between the inner and outer regions.

17. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 16, characterized in that, The helix has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) At least one helix in the helix has the following characteristics: the ratio of the circumference of the helix to the minimum thickness of the helix is ​​less than 100, or less than 50, or less than 30, or less than 10. (2) At least two adjacent spirals in the spiral have the following characteristics: there is a connecting device between the two spirals; When the two adjacent rings are subjected to force, the connecting device can prevent relative movement between the two adjacent rings or reduce the relative movement between the two adjacent rings. (3) There are uneven regions on the surface of the spiral body, which are used to increase the adhesion and shear strength between the solid fluid-solid conversion material in contact with it and the surface of the spiral body. (4) At least one channel hole exists on at least one of the turns of the spiral; The channel holes are holes on the spiral body, and the size and shape of the holes are suitable for fluid-solid conversion materials in a flowable state to pass through them; the channel holes serve as part of the connecting channel between the inner region and the outer region of the spiral body. (5) The materials used to make the spiral are selected from steel plates and iron plates; (6) The spiral is formed by rolling a sheet material. Before rolling, there are regularly distributed holes on the sheet material. After rolling, these holes are used as connecting channels or part of the connecting channels of the support device. Preferably, after the coiling is completed, at least one spiral has the following characteristic: the channel holes on this spiral face the non-perforated areas on one or both adjacent spirals.

18. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selection range of the pressure supply device includes pressurization device, energy storage device, and pressurized energy storage device; (1) The pressurizing device is capable of changing and / or maintaining the pressure between its outer surface and the medium in contact with it; (2) The energy storage device has the following characteristics. When the pressure on the outer surface of the energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device decreases and the energy storage device absorbs energy; or / and when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the energy storage device increases and the energy storage device releases energy. (3) The pressurized energy storage device has the following characteristics A and B. The characteristic A is, Pressurized energy storage devices are capable of altering and / or maintaining the pressure between their outer surface and the medium in contact with it; The characteristic B is, Under the condition that other influencing factors remain unchanged, when the pressure on the outer surface of the pressurized energy storage device increases, the apparent volume of the device decreases and the pressurized energy storage device absorbs energy; or / and when the pressure on the outer surface decreases, the apparent volume of the device increases and the pressurized energy storage device releases energy.

19. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 18, characterized in that: (1) The selection range of the pressurization device includes pressurization airbag, pressurization gas-liquid bag, pressurization liquid bag, and self-expanding device; (2) The range of energy storage devices includes airbags, gas-liquid airbags, energy storage liquid airbags, solid elastomer energy storage devices, and elastic shell energy storage devices. (3) The selection range of the pressurized energy storage device includes pressurized airbag, pressurized gas-liquid bag, pressurized energy storage liquid bag, and self-expanding device; Preferably, the self-expanding device is a type A self-expanding device; preferably, the type A self-expanding device is a type A1 self-expanding device; preferably, the type A1 self-expanding device is a type A1a or / and type A1b self-expanding device. Preferably, the self-expanding device is a type B self-expanding device.

20. The combined volume compensation device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The selection range of airbags used as pressurization devices, energy storage devices, and pressurized energy storage devices includes ordinary airbags, upper limit airbags, lower limit airbags, and dual limit airbags. The selection range of the gas-liquid bladder used as a pressurization device, energy storage device, and pressurized energy storage device includes ordinary gas-liquid bladder, upper limit gas-liquid bladder, lower limit gas-liquid bladder, and dual limit gas-liquid bladder. The selection range of the liquid bladder used as a pressurizing device, energy storage device, and pressurized energy storage device includes ordinary liquid bladder, upper limit liquid bladder, lower limit liquid bladder, and dual limit liquid bladder; preferably, the liquid bladder is provided with a pipeline connected to a hydraulic source; preferably, the liquid bladder is provided with a pipeline connected to a hydraulic source and an accumulator.

21. The combined volume compensation device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, When the combined volume compensation device works in conjunction with the fluid-solid conversion material, it has the following characteristics I and II; (a) The characteristic I is, When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state, the connecting channel is suitable for the fluid-solid conversion material to flow through it; (ii) The characteristic II is, When fluid-solid conversion materials are in a solid state, they have the following properties: There exists at least one region P, in which a support device exists; if the following conditions A and / or B are met, the support device and the fluid-solid conversion material form a composite shell; the composite shell is capable of withstanding the pressure transmitted from the surrounding external medium. (1) Condition A is, The support device is surrounded or enclosed by a fluid-solid conversion material, which has solidified and is bonded to the support device. (2) Condition B is, The connecting channel of the support device is filled with a fluid-solid conversion material that has become solid and is bonded to it; The fluid-solid conversion material exists in two states: a flowable state and a solid state, and can transition from a flowable state to a solid state.

22. A pressurization device utilizing osmotic pressure, comprising a container P, a cavity Q, and a permeable membrane, having the following characteristics: (1) There is a zero-concentration or non-zero-concentration solution in the container P, and a non-zero-concentration solution in the cavity Q, and the osmotic pressure of the solution in the cavity Q is greater than zero or equal to zero for at least a certain period of time. (2) The solvent of the solution in the container P can and can only enter the cavity Q through the permeation membrane; (3) The cavity Q has at least one of the following two characteristics. (i) In the outer shell surrounding the cavity Q, at least a portion of the outer shell has a structure and / or material suitable for the volume of the cavity Q to increase or / or decrease; (ii) There exists a cavity R that communicates with the cavity Q; in the shell surrounding the cavity R, at least a portion of the shell's structure and / or material is adapted to allow the volume of the cavity R to increase or decrease; The container P is selected from open containers and sealed containers.

23. The apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that, Undissolved solid solutes are also present in the cavity Q and / or the cavity R.

24. The apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that, There are also pressure electrical control systems, which have the following characteristics: (1) The solution in container P is a non-zero concentration solution; (2) A solvent supply pipeline is installed in container P; (3) The system includes a pressure sensor installed in the cavity Q, an electric valve installed on the solvent supply pipeline, and a main control device, wherein the pressure sensor and the electric valve are respectively connected to the main control device through wires; When the fluid pressure in cavity Q is less than the first preset value p1, the pressure sensor transmits the pressure signal to the main control device. The main control device sends an opening signal to the electric valve through the wire. After receiving the signal, the electric valve enters the opening state, and the solvent flows into container P. When the fluid pressure in cavity Q is greater than the second preset value p2, after the main control device receives the pressure signal from the pressure sensor, it sends a closing signal to the electric valve. After receiving the signal, the electric valve enters the closed state, and the solvent cannot flow into container P. Among them, the second preset value p2 is greater than or equal to the first preset value p1.

25. The apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that, There is also a hydraulic drive control system, including a pressure transmission line and a hydraulic control valve; one end of the pressure transmission line is located in the cavity Q or R, and the other end is connected to the hydraulic drive valve; When the pressure in cavity Q or R measured by the pressure transmission pipeline is lower than the first preset value p1, the hydraulically driven valve is in the open state, and the fluid in the solvent supply pipeline flows into container P. When the pressure in the pressure transmission line is higher than the second preset value p2, the valve is in the closed state, and the fluid in the solvent supply line cannot flow into the container P; Among them, the second preset value p2 is greater than or equal to the first preset value p1.

26. A liquid absorption, expansion, and pressurization device, comprising an expansion material and a liquid guiding channel; wherein, (1) The expansion material has the following characteristics. a. It can absorb liquid and expand, or, b. It can expand by undergoing a physical and / or chemical reaction with liquids; (2) The liquid guiding channel has the following characteristics. The liquid can enter the expanding material along the liquid guiding channel.

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that, The expanded material can be in the form of a solid continuum, solid particles, or liquid.

28. The apparatus according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that, The range of options for the expansion material includes organic expansion materials and inorganic expansion materials; The range of organic expandable materials includes water-absorbing resins, water-absorbing rubbers, polyurethane slurries, and dried and compressed wood. The range of inorganic expandable materials includes illite, montmorillonite, bentonite, and calcium oxide.

29. The apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that, The liquid guiding channel is provided by at least one of the following materials or devices: liquid guiding fibers, liquid guiding thin layer material, particulate region, porous material, or seepage channel; The liquid-conducting fiber has the following characteristics: liquid can move along the length of the fiber inside and / or on the surface; preferably, liquid can enter the medium surrounding the fiber from the fiber end and / or from the side; preferably, the liquid-conducting fiber is a short fiber; preferably, the liquid-conducting fiber is a continuous fiber. The liquid-conducting thin-layer material has the following characteristics: (1) The liquid can flow in the gaps within the thickness range of the thin-layer material; (2) The liquid can seep out or seep into at least one of the two surfaces of the thin-film material; The particle region is a space of a certain shape, filled with solid particles, allowing liquid to flow in the gaps between the solid particles; preferably, the particles include particles identifiable to the naked eye; preferably, the particles include particles from powder; preferably, the upper limit of the particle size ranges from 1 to 10 μm, or 10 to 70 μm, or 70 to 600 μm, or 600 to 1000 μm, or 1 to 2.5 mm, or 2.5 to 5 mm, or 5 to 10 mm, or greater than 10 mm; preferably, the ratio of the lower limit to the upper limit of the particle size ranges from less than 0.00001, or 0.00001 to 0.0001, or 0.001 to 0.01, or 0.01 to 0.1, or 0.1 to 0.9, or 0.9 to 1.

0. The porous material is characterized by the presence of numerous interconnected pores within the material, through which liquid can flow. The seepage conduit has the following characteristics: (1) the liquid can flow in the pipe hole; (2) Liquid can seep out from the pipe wall and / or seep in.

30. A combined volume compensation device, comprising a support device and a pressure supply device, characterized in that: (1) The support device is as described in any one of claims 1 to 17; (2) The pressure supply device is a pressure device utilizing osmotic pressure as described in any one of claims 22 to 25, or a liquid absorption expansion pressure device as described in any one of claims 26 to 29.

31. A method for manufacturing a combined volume compensation device, characterized in that, The manufactured combined volume compensation device is as described in any one of claims 1 to 21, or as described in claim 30.

32. A method for providing pressure to the surrounding medium using a combined volume compensation device, characterized in that, (1) The combined volume compensation device as described in any one of claims 1 to 21, or as described in claim 30; (2) In the process of using the combined volume compensation device to provide pressure, in addition to using the support device and the pressure supply device, a fluid-solid conversion material is also required. The fluid-solid transition material is a material that can transition from a fluid state to a solid state; (3) The spatial relationship between the support device, the pressure supply device and the fluid-solid conversion material of the combined volume compensation device has the following characteristics. A fluid-solid transition material, or / and, is present in at least a portion of the gap between the inner wall of the support device and the outer surface of the pressure supply device. At least a portion of the external surrounding space of the support structure contains fluid-solid conversion material; (4) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a flowable state a. If the pressure exerted by the external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support device increases, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the cavity surrounded by the support device through the connecting channel, squeezing the pressure supply device in the cavity and reducing the apparent volume of the pressure supply device. If the pressure exerted by the external medium on the fluid-solid conversion material outside the support device and / or in the connecting channel decreases, the apparent volume of the pressure supply device in the cavity increases, pushing the fluid-solid conversion material to flow outside the support device; or / and, b. When the apparent volume of the pressure supply device increases, the pressure supply device squeezes the fluid-solid conversion material in the internal area of ​​the support device and flows out of the support device through the connecting channel; when the apparent volume of the pressure supply device decreases, if the fluid-solid conversion material around the outside of the support device is subjected to the pressure of the external medium, the fluid-solid conversion material flows into the internal area of ​​the support device through the connecting channel. (5) When the fluid-solid conversion material is in a solid state The fluid-solid conversion material is bonded together with the support device to form a composite shell, which can resist the pressure of the external medium.

33. A composite structural member, comprising part A, part B, and part C; (a) Among them, (1) Part A is a solid device, and Part A has one or more cavities, in which Part B and Part C are present in at least one cavity; (2) At least one of the cavities is a simply connected domain cavity, or / and at least one cavity is a multi-connected domain cavity; the simply connected domain cavity is characterized in that the spatial region where the cavity is located is a simply connected domain on any cross section of the cavity; the multi-connected domain cavity is characterized in that there is at least one such cross section on which the spatial region where the cavity is located is a multi-connected domain. (3) Part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, which is a material that can change from a flowable state to a solid state. (4) Part C shall include at least one of the following eight items a to h. a. One or more combined volume compensation devices; b. Remnants of one or more combined volume compensation devices; c. At least one blank area in which no device or material exists, which was previously occupied by the combined volume compensation device; d. One or more independent pressure supply devices, e. Remnants of one or more independent pressurization devices; f. At least one blank area, in which no device or material exists, which was previously occupied by the independent pressure supply device; g. One or more restraining stirrups; h. One or more auxiliary load-bearing devices; (ii) Among them, (1) The combined volume compensation device as described in any one of claims 1 to 21, or as described in claim 30, each combined volume compensation device includes a support device and a pressure supply device; (2) The independent pressure supply device is as described in claim 1, or as described in claims 18 to 20, or as described in claims 22 to 25, or as described in claims 26 to 29; (3) The aforementioned restraining stirrups are a type of steel cage, emphasizing only the function of the stirrups within the steel cage, without restricting the performance of the longitudinal steel bars; (4) The function of the auxiliary bearing device is to share the load in a certain direction with the material of part B in the cavity; (5) The remnants of the combined volume compensation device are a part, several parts, or all of the device, but the device has lost its function; (6) The remnant of the independent pressure supply device is a part, several parts or all of the device, but it has lost the function of the pressure supply device.

34. The component according to claim 33, characterized in that, The selection range of the auxiliary support device includes, Steel profiles, prefabricated components, natural stone, an apparatus assembled from multiple prefabricated components, an apparatus or assembly made of multiple stacked natural stones, an apparatus obtained by assembling prefabricated components and natural stone.

35. The component according to claim 33, characterized in that, At least for a certain period of time, the fluid-solid conversion material exists in at least one of the following three regions: the inner region of the confining stirrup, the outer region of the confining stirrup, and the gap between two adjacent turns of the confining stirrup.

36. The component according to claim 33, characterized in that, in The materials for part B within the cavity of part A fall into the following four categories: (1) Cement-based materials, Preferably, the cement-based material includes cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, ordinary strength concrete, high strength concrete, and ultra-high strength concrete; (2) A mixture of cement-based materials and polymer materials, in which cement participates in hydration; Preferably, the polymer material is a polymer emulsion; Preferably, the polymer material is a self-curing polymer material, including epoxy resin; (3) Polymer materials that can solidify on their own Preferably, the self-curing polymer material includes epoxy resin; (4) A mixture of polymer materials with solid powders and / or solid particles; Preferably, the material in part B is a mixture of polymeric material and solid powder; preferably, the material in part B is a mixture of polymeric material and solid particles; preferably, the material in part B is a mixture of polymeric material, solid powder, and solid particles. Preferably, the solid powder is a metal powder or an inorganic non-metallic material powder; the solid particles are metal particles or inorganic non-metallic material particles; preferably, the inorganic non-metallic material powder and particles are stone powder and pebbles, respectively.

37. The component according to claim 33 or 36, characterized in that, in The cavity in part A contains M types of material from part B, namely B1, B2...Bi, Bi. +1 ...B M The materials each occupy different spatial regions, and M is greater than or equal to 1.

38. The component according to claim 37, characterized in that, in In the cavity of part A, the material of part B has at least the following characteristic I and / or characteristic II: (i) Feature I is that the material in part B has at least one of the following features A and B: (1) The feature A is, There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, and m≠n. There exists at least one time period corresponding to m and n. During this time period, material Bn has relatively high fluidity compared to material Bm. (2) Feature B is, There exists at least one m and one n, where 1≤m≤M, 1≤n≤M, M≥2, and m≠n. The corresponding Bm and Bn materials have the following properties: (i) The end time of the flowable state of material Bn is later than or equal to the end time of the flowable state of material Bm, and earlier than the time when the volume shrinkage inflection point of material Bm occurs; or... (ii) The end of the flowable state of the Bn material is later than or equal to the time when the volume shrinkage inflection point of the Bm material occurs. (ii) Feature II is that there exists at least one k, 1≤k≤M, and the corresponding Bk material has at least one of the following features: A, B, and C. (i) The feature A is, When material Bk is in a flowable state, during one or more time periods or the entire stage, at least material Bk in all B parts is subjected to compressive stress. (ii) Feature B is, During the solidification process of the Bk material from a flowable state to a solid state, during one or more time periods or the entire stage, at least the Bk material in all B parts of the material has compressive stress, pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive stress in at least one region. (iii) Characteristic C is, After the Bk material solidifies, at least the Bk material in all B parts of the material has compressive stress, pre-compressive stress, or residual pre-compressive stress in at least one region.

39. The component according to claim 33 or 36, characterized in that, In the cavity of section A, there is at least one combined volume compensation device. When the material of section B, which is in contact with the outer surface of the support device, is in a flowable state, the combined structural member has the following feature A and / or feature B. (1) The feature A is, (i) If the volume of the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A decreases, or a portion of the material of part B in this area flows out, or the space occupied by other devices or materials in this area is vacated, or the volume of part A with cavities increases; then, the pressure supply device in the inner area of ​​the support device expands in volume, pushing the material of part B in the inner area of ​​the support device into the periodic space area outside the support device through the connecting channel. (ii) If the volume of the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A increases, or the space occupied by the material of part B in this area is squeezed, or the volume of part A with cavities decreases; then, the pressure supply device in the inner area of ​​the support device shrinks, and the material of part B in the outer area of ​​the support device flows into the inner area of ​​the support device through the connecting channel. (2) Feature B is, (i) If the pressure of the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device changes, the material of part B in the internal region of the support device transmits the pressure change to the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A through the connecting channel. If a pressure change occurs in the material of part B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, this change can be transmitted to the outer surface of the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device. or / and, (ii) If the pressure supply device in the internal region of the support device expands in volume, the material of part B in the internal region of the support device flows through the connecting channel into the region between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A. If the pressure supply device in the internal area of ​​the support device shrinks in volume, and there is compressive stress on material B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A, then material B between the outer surface of the support device and the inner wall of part A will enter the cavity of the support device through the connecting channel.

40. The component according to claim 33 or 36, characterized in that, in In the cavity of part A, the supporting device, the pressure supply device, and the material of part B have at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The apparent bulk modulus of elasticity and apparent bulk deformation modulus of the pressure supply device are much lower than the bulk modulus of elasticity and bulk deformation modulus of material in part B at any stage. Any stage refers to any stage of the whole process. The whole process refers to the process by which the material changes from a flowable state to a solid state with final strength. (2) After the material of part B solidifies and reaches the design strength, the apparent volume elastic modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the composite shell composed of the material of part B and the support device are much higher than the apparent volume elastic modulus and apparent volume deformation modulus of the pressure supply device, respectively. (3) After the material of part B solidifies and reaches the design strength, the composite shell composed of the material of part B and the support device can withstand the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure provided by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone. (4) The outer surface of the non-porous part of the support device can withstand the maximum pressure exerted by the surrounding medium, which is much higher than the pressure supplied by the pressure supply device to the surrounding medium when the pressure supply device works alone. (5) The apparent stiffness of the non-porous portion of the support device is much higher than the apparent stiffness of the pressure supply device. The support device is the support device in the combined volume compensation device.

41. The component according to claim 33, characterized in that, in At least one length of the axis of the component is a straight line or a curve, and the selection range of the curve includes an arched curve.

42. The component according to claim 33, characterized in that, in The shape formed by the outer contour lines of the cross-section of the component within one or more segments or the entire length of the component, and / or the shape formed by the outer contour lines of the cross-section of the cavity in part A, has the following characteristics. The graphic is a graphic enclosed by straight lines and / or curves; the selection range of the enclosed graphic includes at least convex graphics; the selection range of the convex graphics includes at least convex curved graphics, convex polygons, and convex rounded polygons; the selection range of the convex curved graphics includes at least circles and ellipses.

43. The component according to claim 33, characterized in that, The cross-section of the component has one of the following characteristics. (1) At least within a certain length range of the component, the shape and size of the cross-section of the component are the same at different positions along the length direction; (2) At least within a certain length range of the component, the cross-sections of the component at different positions along the length direction have similar shapes but different dimensions; (3) At least two different positions can be found in the length direction within a certain length range of the component, and the cross-sectional shapes of the components at these two positions are not similar and the sizes are different.

44. The component according to claim 37, characterized in that, in In the cavity of part A, there exists at least one i and one j, where 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤M, M≥2, and i≠j. The corresponding Bi material and Bj material are adjacent. The relationship between them has one of the following characteristics. (1) Any boundary surface of the Bi material facing the Bj material will only contact the isolation device and will not contact the Bj material; (2) On the boundary surface of the Bi material facing the Bj material, a portion of the Bi material boundary surface only contacts the isolation device and does not contact the Bj material; another portion of the Bi material boundary surface directly contacts the Bj material. (3) Any boundary surface of the Bi material facing the Bj material is in direct contact with the Bj material. Preferably, in the composite structural member used as a column, the isolation device is a thin sheet metal cylinder, with material Bi inside the cylinder and material Bj outside the cylinder; preferably, the upper and lower ends of the cylinder are sealed, with a feed port at the upper end, and no boundary surface of material Bi is in direct contact with material Bj; preferably, the upper end of the cylinder is not sealed, and the upper end of material Bi is in direct contact with the upper end of material Bj.

45. The component according to claim 33, characterized in that, The component is a compression member with a straight axis and a uniform cross-section, or a compression member with an arched curve as its axis and a uniform cross-section. The term "uniform cross-section" means that, except for the two ends, the outer contour of the cross-section of the component is the same at different positions along the axial direction. Preferably, the compression member with a straight axis and uniform cross-section is a prism, a cylinder, or a rounded prism.

46. ​​The component according to claim 33, characterized in that, Part A includes a pipe and sealing devices at both ends, the sealing devices being used to seal the pipe holes at both ends.

47. A composite structural component, characterized in that, Includes the combined volume compensation device as described in any one of claims 1 to 21 or as described in claim 30, and / or includes the component as described in any one of claims 34 to 46.

48. The composite structural member according to claim 47, characterized in that, The component is a lattice column or truss.

49. A method for manufacturing a composite structural component, characterized in that, The manufactured component is the component as described in any one of claims 33 to 48.

50. A method for manufacturing a composite structural component, having the following characteristics: (1) The component includes part A and part B; (2) The component includes part C, or / and the component includes part C at least for a certain period of time; in, (a) The manufacturing method includes the following steps. (1) Obtain part A and part C; part A has at least one cavity; (2) Place part C into the cavity of part A, and fill the cavity of part A with part B material; (4) Control the pressure and temperature in part B to ensure that the pressure in the material of part B is higher than normal pressure, or / and the temperature is higher than normal temperature for at least a certain period of time; (ii) Among them, (1) Part A is a solid device; (2) The B part includes one or more solidifiable materials, and different solidifiable materials occupy different spatial areas in the cavity of the A part; the material of the B part is in a flowable state during the filling process and for a period of time after the filling is completed. (3) The C part includes one or more combined volume compensation devices.

Images