Multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution integrated restraint device for bolted spherical joint

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of building joint reinforcement, and more particularly to a multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution integrated restraint device for a bolted spherical joint, which comprises a first direction restraint part, a front direction restraint part, a restraint connecting part and a second direction restraint part; the first direction restraint part is provided with two parts, which are symmetrically arranged on two load bearing structures in the first direction of the cross spherical hinge joint; the restraint connecting part is provided with two parts, which are symmetrically arranged on two load bearing structures in the first direction of the cross spherical hinge joint and close to the spherical hinge joint; the restraint connecting part is arranged between the first direction restraint part and the front direction restraint part, and is used for limiting relative movement between the first direction restraint part and the front direction restraint part; the second direction restraint part is provided with two parts, which are symmetrically arranged on two load bearing structures in the second direction of the cross spherical hinge joint; the first direction restraint part and the second direction restraint part are connected at the ends thereof, forming a closed rectangular structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building joint reinforcement technology, and in particular to an integrated constraint device for multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution of bolted ball joints. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in large-span spatial structures and super high-rise buildings, cross-shaped ball joints are widely used in bridge bearings, intersections of giant trusses, and connection parts of seismic isolation layers due to their combination of rotational freedom and multi-directional force transmission characteristics. However, their spherical contact interface is prone to micro-slippage and stress concentration under the action of ground motion, wind-induced vibration, or temperature gradient, leading to node stiffness degradation, loosening of connecting bolts, and even local buckling instability. Existing reinforcement solutions mostly rely on external steel plate covering or grouting, which makes it difficult to balance dynamic response adaptability and long-term service reliability. At the same time, their construction is difficult and time-consuming, and they cannot compensate for the nonlinear deformation of the node interface in real time. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution integrated constraint device and building for bolt ball joints, so as to solve at least one technical problem existing in the prior art.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution integrated constraint device for bolt ball joints, characterized in that it includes a first direction constraint part, a front constraint part, a constraint connection part, and a second direction constraint part.

[0005] Two first-direction restraints are provided, symmetrically arranged on the two load-bearing structures in the first direction of the cross-ball joint node;

[0006] Two binding connection parts are provided, symmetrically arranged on the two load-bearing structures near the ball joint node in the first direction of the cross ball joint node.

[0007] The binding connection is provided between the first directional binding part and the front binding part, and the binding connection is used to restrict relative movement between the first directional binding part and the front binding part;

[0008] Two second-direction restraint parts are provided, symmetrically arranged on the two load-bearing structures in the second direction of the cross-ball joint node;

[0009] The ends of the first directional binding portion and the second directional binding portion are connected to each other to form a closed rectangular structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the first directional restraint portion includes a first restraint plate, a second restraint plate, and a first restraint cylinder;

[0011] The first binding plate and the second binding plate are symmetrically arranged. The first binding plate includes a first arc-shaped portion and a first straight portion, and the second binding plate includes a second arc-shaped portion and a second straight portion.

[0012] The first arc-shaped portion and the second arc-shaped portion together form an annular constraint cavity that fits the outer periphery of the load-bearing structure;

[0013] The first straight portion and the second straight portion are located outside the annular constraint cavity;

[0014] The first binding sleeve is disposed on the outside of the first straight portion and the second straight portion to restrict the first straight portion and the second straight portion from moving away from each other;

[0015] The first straight section, the second straight section, and the first binding cylinder are connected by bolts.

[0016] Furthermore, the front restraint portion includes a first front restraint plate, a second front restraint plate, and a front restraint sleeve;

[0017] The first front restraint plate includes a third arc-shaped portion and a third straight portion, and the second front restraint plate includes a fourth arc-shaped portion and a fourth straight portion;

[0018] The third arc-shaped part and the fourth arc-shaped part together form a front annular constraint cavity, which is fitted onto the front curved surface of the load-bearing structure.

[0019] The third and fourth straight sections are located outside the front annular constraint cavity;

[0020] The front binding sleeve is fitted on the outside of the third straight portion and the fourth straight portion to restrict the third straight portion and the fourth straight portion from moving away from each other;

[0021] The third straight section, the fourth straight section, and the front sleeve binding block are connected by bolts.

[0022] Furthermore, the second directional restraint portion includes a third restraint plate, a fourth restraint plate, and a second restraint cylinder;

[0023] The third binding plate includes a fifth arc-shaped portion and a fifth straight portion, and the fourth binding plate includes a sixth arc-shaped portion and a sixth straight portion;

[0024] The fifth arc-shaped portion and the sixth arc-shaped portion together form an annular constraint cavity that adapts to the outer periphery of the load-bearing structure;

[0025] The fifth straight portion and the sixth straight portion are located outside the annular constraint cavity;

[0026] The second restraint sleeve is disposed on the outside of the fifth straight portion and the sixth straight portion to restrict the fifth straight portion and the sixth straight portion from moving away from each other;

[0027] The fifth straight section, the sixth straight section, and the second binding cylinder are connected by bolts.

[0028] Furthermore, the first straight portion, the second straight portion, the fifth straight portion, and the sixth straight portion intersect at their ends to form an interlaced structure, and are fastened together by bolts.

[0029] Furthermore, the binding connection includes a long bolt and a high-strength spring;

[0030] The two ends of the long bolt are respectively inserted into the corresponding mounting holes of the first direction binding part and the front binding part, and a pre-tightening force is applied from both ends toward the middle.

[0031] The high-strength spring is sleeved in the middle of the long bolt, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the end faces opposite to the first direction binding part and the front binding part, respectively. It compensates for the loosening of the connection caused by thermal expansion and contraction and micro-vibration through elastic deformation, ensuring that the first direction load-bearing structure is always in a stable constraint state under complex working conditions.

[0032] Furthermore, it also includes T-shaped connecting blocks;

[0033] One protruding end of the T-shaped connecting block is embedded in the front restraint sleeve, and its exterior is fitted by the inner wall of the front restraint sleeve. The third straight part and the fourth straight part are fitted inside it, forming a multi-limit nested structure to improve axial torsional stiffness and radial restraint accuracy.

[0034] Furthermore, the portion of the T-shaped connecting block exposed outside the front restraint sleeve extends outward to form an extended connecting arm;

[0035] The two opposing T-shaped connecting blocks are laterally tensioned and anchored by prestressed steel strands between their extended connecting arms.

[0036] Furthermore, an oblique connecting pair is provided between the first binding cylinder and the second binding cylinder;

[0037] The oblique connecting pair includes a first connecting member fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first restraint cylinder and a second connecting member fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second restraint cylinder;

[0038] The first connector and the second connector are connected by a through fastener.

[0039] On the other hand, this application also discloses a building including the above-mentioned multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution integrated constraint device for bolt ball joints. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the integrated constraint device for multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution of bolted ball joints disclosed in this application;

[0042] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the disassembled core components in the middle section;

[0043] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the disassembled core components in the middle section;

[0044] Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the core components of each restraint section;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first and second restraint plates;

[0046] Figure 6 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the first front restraint plate and the second front restraint plate;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the third and fourth restraint plates;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the slot on the second connector.

[0049] Figure label:

[0050] 1-First direction restraint part; 2-Front restraint part; 3-Restraint connection part; 4-Second direction restraint part; 5-First restraint plate; 6-Second restraint plate; 7-First restraint cylinder; 8-First arc-shaped part; 9-First straight part; 10-Second arc-shaped part; 11-Second straight part; 12-Restraint cavity; 13-First front restraint plate; 14-Second front restraint plate; 15-Front restraint sleeve; 16-Third arc-shaped part; 17-Third straight part; 18-Fourth arc-shaped part; 19-Fourth straight part; 20-Third restraint plate; 21-Fourth restraint plate; 22 - Second binding cylinder; 23- Fifth arc-shaped part; 24- Fifth straight part; 25- Sixth arc-shaped part; 26- Sixth straight part; 27- L-shaped lug; 28- Long bolt; 29- High-strength spring; 30- T-shaped connecting block; 31- Extended connecting arm; 32- Prestressed steel strand; 33- Oblique connecting pair; 34- First connector; 35- Second connector; 36- Connecting fastener; 37- Y-shaped fork; 38- Slot; 39- Initial installation area; 40- Sliding energy dissipation area; 41- End limiting area; 42- Damage energy dissipation area; 43- Friction rubber layer. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0053] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0054] It should also be noted that the specific embodiments or implementation methods described below are a series of optimized settings listed by the present invention to further explain the specific content of the invention, and these settings can be combined or used in conjunction with each other.

[0055] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution integrated constraint device for bolt ball joints provided in this embodiment includes a first direction restraint part 1, a front restraint part 2, a restraint connection part 3, and a second direction restraint part 4.

[0058] Two first-direction restraint parts 1 are provided, symmetrically arranged on the two load-bearing structures in the first direction of the cross-ball joint node;

[0059] Two binding connection parts 3 are provided, symmetrically arranged on the two load-bearing structures near the ball joint node in the first direction of the cross ball joint node.

[0060] The first directional restraint part 1 and the front restraint part 2 are provided with the restraint connection part 3, which is used to restrict relative movement between the first directional restraint part 1 and the front restraint part 2;

[0061] Two second-direction restraint parts 4 are provided, symmetrically arranged on the two load-bearing structures in the second direction of the cross-shaped ball joint node;

[0062] The ends of the first directional binding part 1 and the second directional binding part 4 are connected to each other to form a closed rectangular structure.

[0063] The technical solution of this embodiment is a non-intrusive reinforcement structure installed outside an existing ball joint. In construction, a ball joint typically consists of four load-bearing structures orthogonally converging at the center of the ball. This reinforcement device is applicable to situations where the second direction is relatively stable while the first direction is prone to slight movement, such as a typical scenario where the second direction is a column and the first direction is a beam (this scenario is merely an example and should not be used to limit the scope of protection; any structural combination where the second direction is relatively stable and the first direction has a lower degree of stability is applicable). This device couples the bidirectional load-bearing components into an integral force-bearing system through a closed rectangular structure, significantly improving the rotational stiffness and torsional stability of the joint. Specifically, this application provides a first-direction restraint part 1 and a front restraint part 2 on the load-bearing structure in the first direction, wherein the front restraint part 2 is closer to the center of the ball joint than the first-direction restraint part 1. In existing ball joints, the diameter of the load-bearing structure near the center of the joint often gradually decreases. The first directional restraint part 1 is positioned in the region where the diameter of the load-bearing structure is relatively large and remains constant, ensuring a uniform distribution of clamping force. The front restraint part 2 is adapted to the gradually decreasing diameter section and fits against its surface. The first directional restraint part 1 and the front restraint part 2 are connected by a restraint connection part 3, which tends to force the front restraint part 2 closer to the first directional restraint part 1. At this time, the load-bearing structure between the front restraint part 2 and the first directional restraint part 1 is tightly clamped, thereby enhancing the local stiffness of this region. Simultaneously, the second directional restraint part 4 is fitted in the same way as the first directional restraint part 1. After the first directional restraint part 1 and the second directional restraint part 4 are installed, their ends overlap and are fastened together with bolts. Thus, the two directional restraint parts form a rigid closed rectangular frame externally. The main function of this structure is to effectively restrain torsion or pull-out at the ball joint.

[0064] like Figure 1-5 As shown, as a further embodiment of this embodiment, the first directional restraint part 1 includes a first restraint plate 5, a second restraint plate 6, and a first restraint cylinder 7.

[0065] The first binding plate 5 and the second binding plate 6 are symmetrically arranged. The first binding plate 5 includes a first arc-shaped part 8 and a first straight part 9. The second binding plate 6 includes a second arc-shaped part 10 and a second straight part 11.

[0066] The first arc-shaped portion 8 and the second arc-shaped portion 10 together form an annular constraint cavity 12 that adapts to the outer periphery of the load-bearing structure;

[0067] The first straight portion 9 and the second straight portion 11 are located outside the annular constraint cavity 12;

[0068] The first binding cylinder 7 is sleeved on the outside of the first straight portion 9 and the second straight portion 11 to restrict the first straight portion 9 and the second straight portion 11 from moving away from each other;

[0069] The first straight section 9, the second straight section 11, and the first binding cylinder 7 are connected by bolts.

[0070] like Figure 1-4 As shown in Figures 6 and 7, as a further embodiment of this embodiment, the front restraint part 2 includes a first front restraint plate 13, a second front restraint plate 14, and a front restraint sleeve 15.

[0071] The first front restraint plate 13 includes a third arc-shaped portion 16 and a third straight portion 17, and the second front restraint plate 14 includes a fourth arc-shaped portion 18 and a fourth straight portion 19;

[0072] The third arc-shaped portion 16 and the fourth arc-shaped portion 18 together form the front annular constraint cavity 12, which is fitted onto the front curved surface of the load-bearing structure.

[0073] The third straight portion 17 and the fourth straight portion 19 are located outside the front annular constraint cavity 12;

[0074] The front binding sleeve 15 is sleeved on the outside of the third straight part 17 and the fourth straight part 19 to restrict the third straight part 17 and the fourth straight part 19 from moving away from each other;

[0075] The third straight section 17, the fourth straight section 19, and the front sleeve binding block are connected by bolts.

[0076] like Figure 1-4 As shown in Figures 7 and 8, as a further embodiment of this example, the second directional binding part 4 includes a third binding plate 20, a fourth binding plate 21, and a second binding cylinder 22.

[0077] The third binding plate 20 includes a fifth arc-shaped portion 23 and a fifth straight portion 24, and the fourth binding plate 21 includes a sixth arc-shaped portion 25 and a sixth straight portion 26;

[0078] The fifth arc-shaped portion 23 and the sixth arc-shaped portion 25 together form an annular constraint cavity 12 that adapts to the outer periphery of the load-bearing structure;

[0079] The fifth straight portion 24 and the sixth straight portion 26 are located outside the annular constraint cavity 12;

[0080] The second binding cylinder 22 is sleeved on the outside of the fifth straight portion 24 and the sixth straight portion 26 to restrict the fifth straight portion 24 and the sixth straight portion 26 from moving away from each other;

[0081] The fifth straight section 24, the sixth straight section 26, and the second binding cylinder 22 are connected by bolts.

[0082] In this embodiment, the structural mechanisms of the first-direction restraint part 1, the front restraint part 2, and the second-direction restraint part 4 are basically the same. They all form an annular restraint cavity 12 by enclosing the curved surface of the load-bearing structure through an arc-shaped portion, supplemented by a three-level collaborative mechanism of "arc-surface fitting—planar limiting—axial tightening" with an external sleeve locking the straight portion. This structure exhibits excellent stress dispersion and repeatability accuracy during actual assembly. During on-site assembly, the arc-shaped portion of the restraint plate is first aligned with the corresponding curved surface of the load-bearing structure. After the arc-shaped portions initially fit together, the straight portions abut against each other in parallel. Then, the restraint sleeve is inserted and the bolts are tightened, so that the straight portions uniformly press the arc-shaped portions under axial force, thereby ensuring that the annular restraint cavity 12 fits the curved surface of the load-bearing structure without gaps throughout. After assembling all three sets of restraint parts, a restraint connection part 3 is provided between the first-direction restraint part 1 and the front restraint part 2, so that the front restraint part 2 and the first-direction restraint part 1 form a rigid linkage, effectively suppressing the torsional deformation of the load-bearing structure under complex loads.

[0083] As a further embodiment of this invention, the first straight portion 9, the second straight portion 11, the fifth straight portion 24 and the sixth straight portion 26 are interlocked at their ends to form an interlaced structure and are fastened together by bolts.

[0084] Specifically, preferably, the ends of the first straight portion 9 and the second straight portion 11 are L-shaped lugs 27 extending outwards, covering the ends of the fifth straight portion 24 and the sixth straight portion 26 to form an embedded overlap; or, preferably, the ends of the fifth straight portion 24 and the sixth straight portion 26 are set to extend outwards to the L-shaped lugs 27, covering the ends of the first straight portion 9 and the second straight portion 11 to form an external snap-fit ​​overlap. Both methods significantly improve the bending stiffness and load transfer continuity of the connection node, avoiding stress concentration in a single bolt hole periphery area.

[0085] like Figure 1 As shown, as a further embodiment of this example, the binding connection part 3 includes a long bolt 28 and a high-strength spring 29;

[0086] The long bolt 28 is inserted at both ends into the corresponding mounting holes of the first direction binding part 1 and the front binding part 2, respectively, and a pre-tightening force is applied from both ends to the middle.

[0087] The high-strength spring 29 is sleeved in the middle of the long bolt 28, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the end faces opposite to the first direction binding part 1 and the front binding part 2, respectively. The elastic deformation compensates for the loosening of the connection caused by thermal expansion and contraction and micro-vibration, ensuring that the first direction load-bearing structure is always in a stable constraint state under complex working conditions.

[0088] like Figure 1 As shown, as a further embodiment of this invention, a T-shaped connecting block 30 is also included;

[0089] One protruding end of the T-shaped connecting block 30 is embedded in the front binding sleeve 15, and its exterior is fitted by the inner wall of the front binding sleeve 15. The third straight part 17 and the fourth straight part 19 are fitted inside it, forming a multi-limit nested structure to improve axial torsional stiffness and radial constraint accuracy.

[0090] like Figure 1 As shown, as a further embodiment of this embodiment, the portion of the T-shaped connecting block 30 exposed outside the front binding sleeve 15 extends outward to form an extended connecting arm 31.

[0091] The two opposing T-shaped connecting blocks 30 are laterally tensioned and anchored by prestressed steel strands 32 between their extended connecting arms 31.

[0092] In this application, the binding connection 3 is a combination of a long bolt 28 and a high-strength spring 29. The high-strength spring 29 is initially in a stretched state, tending to bring the two binding parts closer together, thus superimposing an elastic self-tightening effect on the preload of the long bolt 28. When an external load causes a small displacement, the preload of the long bolt 28 and the spring's rebound force work together to maintain structural stability. As the force increases, the spring stretches and resists the displacement increment, thereby preventing the long bolt 28 from undergoing plastic deformation or loosening due to continuous stretching. When the long bolt 28 is damaged due to severe stretching, the high-strength spring 29 already possesses high stored potential energy to resist sudden load impacts, delaying the structural failure process. Furthermore, the connection structure at the spring end adopts the existing connection method between the spring and the metal end plate; this embodiment does not impose further limitations.

[0093] Inside the front binding sleeve 15, in addition to the third straight portion 17 and the fourth straight portion 19, the protruding end of the T-shaped connecting block 30 is also fitted. These three components form a stacked structure, thereby achieving multi-path coordinated transmission of axial force and torque, significantly reducing the stress level of individual components. Furthermore, the extended connecting arms 31 of the two opposing T-shaped connecting blocks 30, after being tensioned by prestressed steel strands 32, form a self-balancing lateral constraint system, effectively suppressing radial bulging and torsional displacement of the sleeve under dynamic loads. In this application, the T-shaped structure allows the extended connecting arms 31 to extend outwards, enabling the prestressed steel strands 32 to avoid load-bearing structures in the other direction, preventing interference and ensuring pure axial transmission of lateral tension force; this arrangement simultaneously considers assembly space constraints and optimizes the mechanical path. Furthermore, viewed from the axial perspective of the second direction, the upper and lower prestressed steel strands 32 and the left and right extended connecting arms 31 form a rectangular constraint frame. This frame is spatially perpendicular to the closed rectangular structure formed by the first direction constraint part 1 and the second direction constraint part 4, constituting an orthogonal double rectangular constraint system. This significantly enhances the overall stiffness and attitude stability in three-dimensional space. Therefore, this structure is not only constrained by a single plane on a plane, but also achieves isotropic stiffness response through spatial orthogonal layout, maintaining high stability under high-frequency vibration and transient impact conditions.

[0094] like Figure 1 As shown, as a further embodiment of this example, an oblique connecting pair 33 is also provided between the first binding cylinder 7 and the second binding cylinder 22;

[0095] The oblique connecting pair 33 includes a first connecting member 34 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first binding cylinder 7 and a second connecting member 35 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second binding cylinder 22;

[0096] The first connector 34 and the second connector 35 are connected by a through fastener 36.

[0097] In this application, the oblique connecting pair 33 is set at the corner of the overall closed rectangular structure. When the oblique support is used, the stability of the triangle is used to share the local stress concentration of the main rectangular frame. Especially under the combined torsional and shear loads, the oblique connecting pair 33 provides additional torsional stiffness redundancy to the main rectangular frame, thereby improving the overall structure's resistance to instability.

[0098] The integrated multi-directional restraint and stress redistribution device for bolted ball joints in this application has two main application scenarios: one is for existing normal buildings, used for structural reinforcement to improve their seismic performance; the other is for buildings with damaged joints, requiring targeted repair and performance restoration. In the scenario where the joint is damaged, the first direction is the direction of the original damaged structure. The damaged area is precisely covered and pre-tightened by the first direction restraint part 1 and the front restraint part 2. After the ends of the first direction restraint part 1 and the second direction restraint part 4 are connected, a rigid closed loop is formed, thereby creating a new mechanical path. This redistributes the stress of the original damaged joint to the reinforcement device and the undamaged structure in the other direction, significantly reducing the stress concentration factor of the damaged area and improving its remaining bearing capacity and service life.

[0099] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0100] (1) By coupling the bidirectional load-bearing components into an overall load-bearing system through the closed rectangular structure, the rotational stiffness and torsional stability of the nodes are significantly improved, and the torsion or pull-out at the cross ball joint is effectively constrained.

[0101] (2) The first direction binding part 1 and the front binding part 2 are connected by the binding connection part 3, so that the load-bearing structure is tightly clamped and the local stiffness of the area is enhanced; and the two have the same structural mechanism, adopting a three-level collaborative mechanism of "arc surface fitting - plane limit - axial fastening", which has good stress dispersion and high repeatability accuracy during assembly, ensuring that the annular constraint cavity 12 fits the curved surface of the load-bearing structure without gaps throughout the entire process.

[0102] (3) The straight ends of the first and second direction binding parts form an interlocking structure and are fastened by bolts to improve the bending stiffness and load transmission continuity of the connection node and avoid stress concentration; the binding connection part 3 adopts a combination of long bolts 28 and high-strength springs 29 to superimpose the elastic self-tightening effect, and work together to maintain the stability of the structure, avoid the plastic deformation or loosening of the long bolts 28, and delay the failure process of the structure.

[0103] (4) The T-shaped connecting block 30, the front binding sleeve 15, and the straight part form a multi-limit nested structure to improve the axial torsional stiffness and radial constraint accuracy. The corresponding T-shaped connecting block 30 extends the connecting arm 31 through the prestressed steel strand 32 for transverse tensioning and anchoring, forming a self-balancing transverse constraint system to suppress the radial bulging and torsional displacement of the sleeve. The orthogonal double rectangular constraint system greatly enhances the overall stiffness and attitude stability in three-dimensional space, realizes isotropic stiffness response, and maintains high stability under high frequency vibration and transient impact conditions.

[0104] (5) The oblique connection pair 33 is set at the corner of the overall closed rectangular structure. It uses the stability of the triangle to share the local stress concentration of the main rectangular frame, and provides additional torsional stiffness redundancy under torsional and shear combined loads, thereby improving the overall structure's ability to resist instability.

[0105] (6) It can be used to strengthen existing structures to improve the seismic performance of normal buildings, and can also be used to repair and restore the performance of buildings damaged at nodes. It can precisely cover the damaged area, form a new mechanical path, reduce the stress concentration coefficient of the damaged area, and improve the remaining bearing capacity and service life.

[0106] Example 2

[0107] This embodiment provides a building including the multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution integrated constraint device for bolt ball joints as described in Embodiment 1, comprising a load-bearing structure;

[0108] The load-bearing structure includes a first vertical column, a second vertical column, a first horizontal beam, and a second horizontal beam, which intersect at a cross-shaped ball joint.

[0109] The reinforcement device is arranged circumferentially around the node;

[0110] The first directional restraint part 1 and the front end restraint part are disposed on the first transverse beam and the second transverse beam;

[0111] The second directional restraint part 4 is provided on the first vertical column and the second vertical column.

[0112] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0113] (1) The first directional restraint part 1 and the front end restraint part are set on the first transverse beam and the second transverse beam, and the second directional restraint part 4 is set on the first vertical column and the second vertical column. This targeted arrangement conforms to the stress characteristics of different directions of the building structure. It can accurately apply restraint force according to the stress situation of each load-bearing structure in actual work, so that the force is more reasonably distributed and transmitted between the structures, and avoids excessive local stress concentration.

[0114] (2) The reinforcement device connects the load-bearing structures in each direction into an organic whole through specific binding components, which enhances the integrity and collaborative working ability of the building structure. When facing complex external forces, such as earthquakes and strong winds, the load-bearing structures can better resist the external forces together, reduce the relative displacement and deformation differences between structures, and improve the overall disaster resistance and service life of the building.

[0115] Example 3

[0116] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides the specific structure of the oblique connecting pair 33 in Embodiment 1.

[0117] One end of the first connector 34 is fixed to the outer wall of the first restraint cylinder 7 by bolts, and the other end is provided with fastener mounting holes;

[0118] One end of the second connector 35 is fixed to the outer wall of the second binding cylinder 22 by bolts, and the other end is a Y-shaped fork 37 structure. The two branches are respectively attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the first connector 34, and the two branches of the Y-shaped fork 37 are provided with slots 38.

[0119] The connecting fastener 36 passes through the fastener mounting hole of the first connector 34 and the two slots 38 of the Y-shaped fork 37 of the second connector 35, and applies a pre-tightening force synchronously from the top and bottom to press and lock the first connector 34 and the second connector 35 together.

[0120] like Figure 8 As shown, as a further embodiment of this example, the slot 38 includes an initial installation area 39, a sliding energy dissipation area 40, an end limiting area 41, and a destruction energy dissipation area 42.

[0121] The initial installation area 39 is located at the center of the entire slot 38, and its diameter matches the diameter of the connecting fastener 36. In the initial state, the connecting fastener 36 is in this area to ensure assembly accuracy.

[0122] The sliding energy dissipation area 40, the end limiting area 41 and the destruction energy dissipation area 42 are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the initial installation area 39 along the length direction of the slot 38.

[0123] Friction rubber layers 43 are provided on the inner walls of the sliding energy dissipation area 40, the end limiting area 41, and the damage energy dissipation area 42, for generating sliding friction energy dissipation when the connecting fastener 36 passes through.

[0124] Under normal circumstances, buildings experience minor deformations, thermal expansion and contraction, and slight vibrations. During these conditions, only a very small relative displacement occurs between the first restraint cylinder 7 and the second restraint cylinder 22, and the connecting fastener 36 remains within the initial installation area 39, maintaining structural rigidity and accuracy. When the building encounters extreme loads such as earthquakes or strong winds, the first restraint cylinder 7 and the second restraint cylinder 22 deflect from their original 90-degree angle to an acute or obtuse angle, causing the connecting fastener 36 to detach from the initial installation area 39.

[0125] As a further embodiment of this example, the width of the hard edge of the sliding energy dissipation zone 40 (i.e., excluding the friction rubber layer 43) is matched with the diameter of the connecting fastener 36. When the sliding energy dissipation zone 40 moves, the connecting fastener 36 squeezes the friction rubber layer 43, thereby stimulating the nonlinear hysteresis energy dissipation characteristics of the friction rubber layer 43.

[0126] After the connecting fastener 36 detaches from the initial installation area 39, it first enters the sliding energy dissipation area 40. In this area, the connecting fastener 36 generates significant sliding resistance while compressing and rubbing the rubber layer 43, achieving controllable energy dissipation of the relative displacement between the first and second restraint cylinders 22. Due to the multi-directional randomness of vibration direction during an earthquake, in addition to the main energy dissipation direction along the plane of the slot 38, the connecting fastener 36 may also induce micro-torsion and radial disturbances on the sidewall of the slot 38. At this time, the flexible characteristics of the rubber can effectively absorb and attenuate such multi-dimensional disturbance energy, avoiding local stress concentration and structural damage caused by rigid impact during this process, preventing the connecting fastener 36 from getting stuck or breaking in the slot 38, and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the energy dissipation mechanism.

[0127] As a further embodiment of this example, the end limiting area 41 is an arc-shaped groove structure, where the inner diameter of the friction rubber layer 43 is equal to the diameter of the connecting fastener 36.

[0128] As the relative displacement continues to increase, the connecting fastener 36 slides into the end limiting zone 41. This zone represents the limit position that the connecting fastener 36 can reach under normal circumstances. At this point, the connecting fastener 36 is flexibly wrapped by the arc-shaped groove, and is in a "locking point" constraint state in both the forward and backward directions. This effectively prevents the displacement from expanding further and also prevents the connecting fastener 36 from temporarily reversing its movement to return to its original position. The reason why this technical solution does not allow the connecting fastener 36 to reverse its movement to return to its original position is that when the connecting fastener 36 can reach the end limiting zone 41, it indicates that the structure has entered a strong nonlinear response stage. At this point, the overall deformation of the structure has significantly exceeded the elastic design limit, and the closed rectangular structure formed by the first direction restraint part 1 and the second direction restraint part 4 has become a severely deformed parallelogram structure. If repositioning occurs at this point, the connection between the first direction restraint part 1 and the second direction restraint part 4 will cause a secondary stress mutation and plastic hinge concentration, greatly increasing the risk of node damage. Temporarily retaining the end limiting zone 41 can maintain the stability of the deformed configuration and reserve structural redundancy and an operational window for subsequent post-earthquake assessment and controllable repositioning. Therefore, the end limiting zone 41 not only undertakes the function of limiting displacement, but also serves as a "buffer anchor" for structural damage evolution, maintaining the recognizability of geometric configuration and the continuity of mechanical path after a strong earthquake.

[0129] As a further embodiment of this example, one end of the energy-dissipating destruction zone 42 smoothly transitions to the end limiting zone 41, while the other end has a tapered constriction structure.

[0130] When the fastener 36 reaches the end limiting zone 41, if seismic energy continues to be input, it will exceed the limit limiting capacity of the end limiting zone 41. At this time, the fastener 36 continues to move along the conical opening direction. The rubber layer is progressively compressed and locally sheared and yielded. At the same time, the metal body of the second connector 35 undergoes controllable plastic deformation and microcrack propagation under the constraint of the conical opening, forming a stable and predictable energy dissipation path. This plastic deformation process releases a large amount of hysteretic energy, significantly reducing the peak seismic force transmitted to the main structure. Meanwhile, the geometric gradient of the conical opening ensures that the failure process has a clear temporal and directional nature, avoiding sudden brittle fracture. In this application, the tapered constriction structure not only provides a reverse constraint force for failure, but also provides a clear plastic deformation guidance path, avoiding uncontrollable stress redistribution and energy burst release that could cause damage during disordered vibration. This orderly failure mechanism makes the damage evolution process of the energy dissipation zone highly traceable. After the earthquake, the seismic input energy level and direction can be inverted based solely on the plastic indentation depth and crack distribution morphology of the metal body at the tapered constriction. At the same time, it also makes the failure direction controllable, avoiding overall structural instability or sudden failure of key nodes caused by disordered failure.

[0131] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0132] (1) The first connector 34 and the second connector 35 are tightened and locked by the fastener 36 from the top and bottom directions. This connection method effectively ensures the connection strength between the first binding cylinder 7 and the second binding cylinder 22, so that the overall structure remains stable under normal use and reduces structural safety hazards caused by loose connection.

[0133] (2) When the building experiences minor deformation, thermal expansion and contraction, and minor vibration, the connecting fastener 36 remains in the initial installation area 39, maintaining structural stiffness and accuracy. This indicates that the oblique connection pair 33 can adapt to minor changes in the building during daily use, and will not affect the overall performance of the structure due to these minor changes, ensuring the stability and reliability of the building structure.

[0134] (3) When the building encounters extreme loads such as earthquakes or strong winds, the connecting fasteners 36 detach from the initial installation area 39 and enter the sliding energy dissipation area 40. In this area, the connecting fasteners 36 generate sliding resistance by squeezing and rubbing the rubber layer 43, thereby achieving controllable energy dissipation of the relative displacement between the first and second restraint cylinders 22. At the same time, the flexible characteristics of the rubber can also absorb and attenuate the multidimensional disturbance energy caused by the connecting fasteners 36 on the side wall of the slot 38 during earthquakes, avoid local stress concentration and structural damage caused by rigid impacts, prevent the connecting fasteners 36 from jamming or breaking, ensure the continuous and stable operation of the energy dissipation mechanism, and effectively reduce the damage to the building structure caused by earthquakes or strong winds.

[0135] (4) The end limiting area 41 is an arc-shaped groove structure. When the connecting fastener 36 slides into this area, it is flexibly wrapped and in a "locking point" constraint state, which effectively prevents the displacement from expanding further and prevents the connecting fastener 36 from moving back to its original position. This is because when the structure enters the strong nonlinear response stage, reverse return will aggravate the risk of node damage. The end limiting area 41 can maintain the stability of the deformation configuration, reserve structural redundancy and operation window for subsequent post-earthquake assessment and controllable reset, undertake the function of ultimate displacement constraint, and serve as a "buffer anchor" for structural damage evolution, maintaining the identifiability of geometric configuration and the continuity of mechanical path.

[0136] (5) The energy dissipation zone 42 is smoothly transitioned at one end to the end restraint zone 41, while the other end has a tapered constriction structure. When the seismic energy continues to be input and exceeds the limit restraint capacity of the end restraint zone 41, the connecting fastener 36 continues to move along the tapered constriction direction. The rubber layer is progressively compressed and locally sheared and yielded. The metal body of the second connector 35 undergoes controllable plastic deformation and microcrack propagation, forming a stable and predictable energy dissipation path. The tapered constriction structure not only provides reverse restraint force and plastic deformation guidance path to avoid disordered damage, but also makes the damage evolution process of the energy dissipation zone highly traceable. After the earthquake, the seismic input energy level and direction can be inverted based on the plastic indentation depth and crack distribution morphology of the metal body at the tapered constriction, while controlling the damage direction to avoid overall structural instability or sudden failure of key nodes.

[0137] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution integrated constraint device for bolted ball joints, characterized in that, It includes a first-direction restraint part, a front restraint part, a restraint connecting part, and a second-direction restraint part; Two first-direction restraints are provided, symmetrically arranged on the two load-bearing structures in the first direction of the cross-ball joint node; The front restraint part is provided with two symmetrically arranged load-bearing structures near the ball joint node in the first direction of the cross ball joint node; The binding connection is provided between the first directional binding part and the front binding part, and the binding connection is used to restrict relative movement between the first directional binding part and the front binding part; Two second-direction restraint parts are provided, symmetrically arranged on the two load-bearing structures in the second direction of the cross-shaped ball joint node; The ends of the first direction binding portion and the second direction binding portion are connected to each other to form a closed rectangular structure; The first directional restraint part includes a first restraint plate, a second restraint plate, and a first restraint cylinder; The first binding plate and the second binding plate are symmetrically arranged. The first binding plate includes a first arc-shaped portion and a first straight portion, and the second binding plate includes a second arc-shaped portion and a second straight portion. The first arc-shaped portion and the second arc-shaped portion together form an annular constraint cavity that fits the outer periphery of the load-bearing structure; The first straight portion and the second straight portion are located outside the annular constraint cavity; The first binding sleeve is disposed on the outside of the first straight portion and the second straight portion to restrict the first straight portion and the second straight portion from moving away from each other; The first straight section, the second straight section, and the first binding cylinder are connected by bolts. The front restraint part includes a first front restraint plate, a second front restraint plate, and a front restraint sleeve; The first front restraint plate includes a third arc-shaped portion and a third straight portion, and the second front restraint plate includes a fourth arc-shaped portion and a fourth straight portion; The third arc-shaped part and the fourth arc-shaped part together form a front annular constraint cavity, which is fitted onto the front curved surface of the load-bearing structure. The third and fourth straight sections are located outside the front annular constraint cavity; The front binding sleeve is fitted on the outside of the third straight portion and the fourth straight portion to restrict the third straight portion and the fourth straight portion from moving away from each other; The third straight section, the fourth straight section, and the front sleeve binding block are connected by bolts. The second directional restraint part includes a third restraint plate, a fourth restraint plate, and a second restraint cylinder; The third binding plate includes a fifth arc-shaped portion and a fifth straight portion, and the fourth binding plate includes a sixth arc-shaped portion and a sixth straight portion; The fifth arc-shaped portion and the sixth arc-shaped portion together form an annular constraint cavity that adapts to the outer periphery of the load-bearing structure; The fifth straight portion and the sixth straight portion are located outside the annular constraint cavity; The second restraint sleeve is disposed on the outside of the fifth straight portion and the sixth straight portion to restrict the fifth straight portion and the sixth straight portion from moving away from each other; The fifth straight section, the sixth straight section, and the second binding cylinder are connected by bolts. The binding connection includes a long bolt and a high-strength spring; The two ends of the long bolt are respectively inserted into the corresponding mounting holes of the first direction binding part and the front binding part, and a pre-tightening force is applied from both ends toward the middle. The high-strength spring is sleeved in the middle of the long bolt, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the end faces opposite to the first direction binding part and the front binding part, respectively. It compensates for the loosening of the connection caused by thermal expansion and contraction and micro-vibration through elastic deformation, ensuring that the first direction load-bearing structure is always in a stable constraint state under complex working conditions.

2. The integrated constraint device for multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution of bolt ball joints according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first straight section, the second straight section, the fifth straight section and the sixth straight section intersect at their ends to form an interlaced structure and are fastened together by bolts.

3. The integrated constraint device for multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution of bolt ball joints according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes T-shaped connecting blocks; One protruding end of the T-shaped connecting block is embedded in the front restraint sleeve, and its exterior is fitted by the inner wall of the front restraint sleeve. The third straight part and the fourth straight part are fitted inside it, forming a multi-limit nested structure to improve axial torsional stiffness and radial restraint accuracy.

4. The integrated constraint device for multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution of bolt ball joints according to claim 3, characterized in that, The portion of the T-shaped connecting block exposed outside the front binding sleeve extends outward to form an extended connecting arm. The two opposing T-shaped connecting blocks are laterally tensioned and anchored by prestressed steel strands between their extended connecting arms.

5. The integrated constraint device for multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution of bolt ball joints according to claim 1, characterized in that, An oblique connecting pair is also provided between the first binding tube and the second binding tube; The oblique connecting pair includes a first connecting member fixedly connected to the outer wall of the first restraint cylinder and a second connecting member fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second restraint cylinder; The first connector and the second connector are connected by a through fastener.

6. A building comprising an integrated constraint device for multi-directional limiting and stress redistribution of bolted ball joints as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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