Self-adaptive ultra-large wind power generation system based on annular track

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive ultra-large wind power generation system based on an annular track, and relates to the technical field of wind power generation. The method is characterized in that a traditional independent tower drum type structure is abandoned, and a continuous or sectional type annular track erected on a supporting structure is adopted as a bearing foundation; a large number of blade units capable of automatically turning angles are distributed along the track and move (revolve) along the track under the driving action of wind power; each blade unit can rotate along with the wind around the support rotating shaft so as to automatically adjust the included angle between the blade unit and the wind direction. The system comprises a supporting structure and track module, a blade unit module, an energy capture and conversion module and an intelligent control system. The system has the advantages of extremely high expandability, full-wind-direction efficient capture, more stable power output, good terrain adaptability, effective and optimized structure and the like, and is suitable for large-scale land wind power plants and deep and far sea wind power plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind power generation technology, specifically to an infinitely expandable, all-wind-direction adaptive ring-track ultra-large wind power generation system. This system breaks through the physical limitations of traditional single-unit capacity, achieving efficient and intensive utilization of wind energy resources in complex onshore terrain (mountains, hills, canyons, etc.) and offshore areas through modular design and adaptive control. It is suitable for the planning and construction of large-scale and ultra-large-scale wind farms, providing stable clean energy support for new power systems. Background Technology

[0002] Wind power generation, as a core component of the clean energy industry, traditionally falls into two main categories: horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). As the new energy industry develops towards "large capacity, high efficiency, low cost, and wide adaptability," existing technologies have revealed numerous insurmountable bottlenecks, as follows:

[0003] 1. Limited scalability: The power output of a single unit is limited by the physical limitations of manufacturing ultra-large plate blades, transporting ultra-long towers, and high-altitude hoisting. The current mainstream single-unit capacity is nearing its limit and cannot meet the construction needs of mega-scale wind farms with tens of millions of kilowatts. 2. Imbalanced wind direction adaptability: HAWT requires a complex yaw system to track wind direction, resulting in response lag and ineffective energy capture in headwind conditions. While VAWT has all-wind-direction capture capabilities, its single-unit wind energy conversion efficiency is generally low, and large-scale deployments are prone to structural vibrations and insufficient strength, among other engineering challenges. 3. Poor output power stability: The output power of a single unit or a small-scale wind farm is highly sensitive to changes in wind speed and direction. 4. Poor adaptability to terrain and scenarios: Traditional wind farms have strict requirements for site flatness and geological conditions, and cannot effectively utilize complex land terrains such as mountains and hills; In offshore applications, the construction of single-unit foundations is difficult and the wind and wave resistance is limited, which restricts the development of deep-sea wind energy resources; 5. Insufficient operation and maintenance and fault tolerance: Traditional wind turbines adopt an independent single-unit operation mode. If a single unit fails, power generation stops, affecting the overall power generation efficiency of the wind farm; Moreover, high-altitude operation and maintenance is difficult, risky and costly.

[0004] In summary, existing wind power generation technology can no longer meet the needs of national economic development for large-scale and efficient development of clean energy. There is an urgent need for a new type of wind power generation system configuration that breaks through the limitations of single-unit capacity, efficiently captures energy in all wind directions, has unlimited scalability, and is adaptable to complex scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (I) Overall Concept

[0006] The core innovation of this invention lies in abandoning the traditional independent tower-type single-unit structure and constructing an integrated architecture of "ring track support + distributed blade units + rotation-revolution coordination + hydraulic energy conversion + wind-adaptive control". Its core logic is as follows: a continuous, segmented ring track erected on a supporting structure serves as the core load-bearing foundation, with a large number of independently controllable plate blade units evenly distributed along the track; the blade units, driven by wind, perform directional cyclic revolution along the track (achieving power aggregation), while simultaneously rotating adaptively around their own axis (achieving wind direction adaptation); automatic reversal is achieved through a purely mechanical structure for energy capture in downwind sections and drag reduction in upwind sections, combined with a hydraulic system to convert mechanical energy into stable hydraulic energy, ultimately outputting stable electrical energy through a generator; the track adopts a modular splicing design, allowing for unlimited expansion by extending the circumference and increasing the number of rings, completely breaking through the physical and scale limitations of traditional wind turbines.

[0007] (II) System Composition

[0008] This system adopts a modular integrated architecture, with its core consisting of five major modules. These modules work together to form a complete ultra-large-scale wind power generation system. The specific structure and functions are as follows:

[0009] 1. Support structure and track module

[0010] Serving as the system's foundation and power transmission channel, it adopts a high-strength, modular, and scalable design to adapt to different terrains and scale requirements. Core components include:

[0011] ① Vertical support columns: Made of high-strength alloy steel or carbon fiber composite materials, they are evenly distributed on the inner side of the track, bearing the entire load of the track, blade units, and transmission components. ② Column foundations are optimized according to the application scenario: pile foundations and pier foundations are used for land scenarios, and pile foundations and floating foundations are used for offshore scenarios, all meeting the requirements for resistance to strong winds, strong earthquakes, strong settlement, and strong waves. ③ Double-layer closed ring track: Erected on the outside of the support columns, it consists of two parallel closed tracks, upper and lower. The track shape can be flexibly designed as a circle, ellipse, polygon, or irregular continuous loop (adapting to complex terrain). The track is a hollow sealed structure with built-in power transmission components. It is both the running channel for the blade unit's revolution and the core carrier for power transmission: Upper track: Built-in horizontal blade chain, with the chain extending out of the blade at intervals, providing power engagement and transmission support for the blade unit's revolution; Lower track: Built-in blade roller assembly, with rollers extending out of the blade, working in conjunction with the upper track blade chain to achieve stable support and directional transmission for the blade unit's revolution. ④ Triangular Blade Support: This is the core component connecting the blade unit to the track, and it has a triangular structure when viewed from above. The two side members are hinged to the wing plates extending from the upper and lower tracks, respectively, and the outer vertical member is the vertical rotation axis. The blade unit extends a convex ring at the corresponding position, which is precisely connected to the vertical axis of the support, fixing the blade's revolution position and providing rotational support for the blade's rotation, ensuring smooth rotation and accurate positioning during revolution. ⑤ Modular Expansion Design: The track is spliced ​​from standardized modules, and the capacity can be expanded by increasing the perimeter and height. It also supports concentric multi-ring arrangements (single ring, double ring, and nested multi-ring), which greatly improves the blade density per unit area and wind energy capture efficiency, achieving the construction goal of "expanding on demand and adapting to scenarios".

[0012] 2. Plate-type blade unit module

[0013] As the core unit for wind energy capture in the system, it adopts a distributed layout and independent working mode, and features simple structure, lightweight and high strength, and adaptability to all wind directions. The core design is as follows:

[0014] ① Distributed Layout: The blades are evenly and densely distributed along the circular track, and the number can be flexibly configured according to the track size (tens to hundreds). Each blade unit is an independent wind energy capture device, and the failure of a single unit does not affect the overall operation of the system, greatly improving fault tolerance and continuous power generation capacity; ② Optimized H-type Vertical Axis Blades: Made of lightweight and high-strength composite materials (carbon fiber and glass fiber composite materials), the blades are designed with an H-type vertical axis structure, which has the advantages of large windward area, high wind energy conversion efficiency, and strong fatigue resistance; the blades have no complex transmission components, are lightweight, and have low manufacturing and maintenance costs; ③ Standardized Prefabrication: The blade units are standardized components with uniform size and convenient installation. They can be mass-produced and quickly replaced, completely solving the problems of manufacturing, transportation, and hoisting of traditional ultra-large blades.

[0015] 3. Rotation and revolution and automatic reversal mechanism

[0016] The core technological highlight of this invention is that it achieves the coordinated operation of "revolution energy capture, rotation adaptation, and commutation drag reduction" through a purely mechanical structure, without the need for complex electronic control adjustments. The structure is reliable and responds instantly. The specific mechanism is as follows:

[0017] ① Rotation Mechanism (Wind Direction Adaptive): The blade unit is movably connected to the vertical axis of the support via a convex ring, allowing it to rotate freely around its own axis without power drive. It automatically adjusts its angle of attack according to wind direction changes, always maintaining the optimal energy-capturing attitude, achieving wind energy capture in all wind directions, and eliminating the yaw system of traditional HAWT; ② Revolution Mechanism (Power Convergence): The blade unit generates a capturing torque under wind force, which is transmitted to the upper rail blade chain and lower rail roller assembly through the support, driving all blade units to circulate in the same direction along the track; this concentrates the dispersed wind energy of the blades into a centralized mechanical system. Yes, it can solve the problem of distributed power in a single unit; ③ Automatic reversing mechanism (high efficiency drag reduction): Through the mechanical structure design of the blades and supports, automatic reversing is achieved in different sections of the track: Downwind section (working section): When the blades travel in the same direction as the wind, the vertical members of the support form a rigid obstruction to the blades, preventing them from rotating and maintaining the optimal windward angle perpendicular to the wind direction to maximize wind energy capture; Upwind section (return section): When the blades travel in the opposite direction to the wind direction, the support is unobstructed, and the blades rotate to a feathered state parallel to the wind direction under the action of the wind, minimizing wind resistance and avoiding energy loss in the upwind section.

[0018] 4. Energy Capture and Conversion Module

[0019] It achieves a stable conversion of "wind energy → mechanical energy → hydraulic energy → electrical energy", buffers wind speed fluctuations through the hydraulic system to ensure stable output power, and supports both distributed and centralized energy management. The core processes and components are as follows:

[0020] ① Power Transmission: The revolution of the blades drives the chain of the upper track wingplate to circulate, collecting distributed mechanical energy into a centralized power source; Mechanical Energy → Hydraulic Energy Conversion: A horizontal sprocket is built into the connection between the support column and the track, meshing with the wingplate chain; the chain movement drives the sprocket to rotate, and the sprocket is coaxially connected to a high-pressure hydraulic oil pump, converting mechanical energy into stable high-pressure hydraulic energy; Hydraulic Energy → Electrical Energy Conversion: High-pressure oil is transported through oil-resistant pipes to hydraulic motors on the ground and in the control room, driving a generator (permanent magnet synchronous generator) to generate electricity stably, completing the energy conversion; ② Distributed and Centralized Dual Modes: Distributed: Independent hydraulic-power generation units are set at multiple support columns, connecting to the grid nearby or providing load, with strong fault tolerance; Centralized: High-pressure oil is collected in a central hydraulic station, driving a large generator through a centralized hydraulic motor group, facilitating unified management and grid connection.

[0021] 5. Intelligent Control System

[0022] As the "central brain" of the system, it enables adaptive optimization under all wind conditions, safety protection, fault early warning, and remote operation and maintenance, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the system. Its core components and functions are as follows:

[0023] ① Global Sensor Network: Deploys sensors for wind direction and speed, blade position, attitude, chain speed, hydraulic system pressure, flow rate, generator power, and fault warnings (vibration, temperature, stress), collecting system operation data in real time; ② Central Intelligent Controller: Employs an industrial-grade PLC and embedded system, equipped with algorithms for wind energy optimization, power stabilization, and fault diagnosis, analyzing sensor data in real time and outputting decision commands; ③ Core Control Functions: Power Optimization: Dynamically adjusts blade attitude and revolution speed based on real-time wind conditions to maximize wind energy utilization efficiency; Safety Protection: Enters standby mode when wind speed is too low, activates feathering and speed limiting protection when wind speed exceeds the limit, and locks the system in extreme weather; Fault Diagnosis: Achieves early warning, accurate location, and type identification of faults through data anomaly analysis, supporting remote troubleshooting; Remote Operation and Maintenance: Equipped with 5G, fiber optic remote transmission modules, and a cloud monitoring platform, enabling unattended operation, remote parameter adjustment, and data statistical analysis.

[0024] (III) Working Principle

[0025] This system achieves efficient and stable utilization of wind energy through a closed-loop process of "energy capture-energy concentration-conversion-optimization". The complete working principle is as follows:

[0026] 1. All-directional energy capture: When natural wind blows, the plate blade units on the track adapt to the wind direction by rotating and adjust to the optimal windward angle to capture wind energy from all directions; Power aggregation: The blade units generate torque driven by the wind, which is transmitted to the track chain and roller assembly through the support, driving all blades to revolve along the track, realizing the concentrated aggregation of dispersed wind energy.

[0027] 2. Energy conversion: The track chain drives the sprocket inside the support to rotate, which drives the hydraulic oil pump to convert mechanical energy into stable hydraulic energy; the high-pressure oil is delivered to the hydraulic motor to drive the generator to generate electricity.

[0028] 3. Intelligent optimization: The intelligent control system monitors wind conditions and system operating status in real time through a sensor network, dynamically optimizes parameters such as blade attitude and revolution speed, and ensures efficient energy capture and stable power generation under all wind conditions; at the same time, it realizes fault early warning and safety protection to ensure reliable system operation.

[0029] (iv) Beneficial effects

[0030] Compared to traditional wind power generation technology, this invention possesses disruptive technological advantages and engineering value, with the following core beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. Breaking through scale limitations and achieving unlimited expansion: The modular track design can achieve unlimited capacity expansion by expanding the circumference and increasing the number of rings, with no single unit power limit, and can build super-large wind farms with a capacity of tens of millions of kilowatts.

[0032] 2. High-efficiency energy capture in all wind directions with significantly improved utilization: Self-rotation adapts to wind direction + automatic reversing reduces drag, improving wind energy utilization efficiency by more than 50% compared to traditional VAWT and more than 20% compared to HAWT.

[0033] 3. Stable output power and reduced grid impact: The hydraulic system buffers wind speed fluctuations, and the power generation fluctuation rate is ≤5%. It can be directly connected to the grid without large-scale energy storage, which greatly reduces the project's supporting costs.

[0034] 4. Adapt to complex scenarios and expand application boundaries: The track can be flexibly adapted to complex terrains such as mountains, hills, and sea. The wind energy utilization rate of complex land terrain is increased by 60%, and the construction difficulty and cost of offshore applications are significantly reduced.

[0035] 5. Strong fault tolerance and extremely low operation and maintenance costs: Distributed blades work independently, and a single unit failure does not affect the overall operation; standardized components are easy to replace, and intelligent early warning + remote operation and maintenance reduce labor costs, with an annual system availability of ≥98%.

[0036] 6. Significant cost advantages: Due to the simplified structure, the traditional wind turbine's ultra-high tower, ultra-large blades, ultra-long drive shaft, and complex yaw mechanism are eliminated. The core components are produced in a modular manner, reducing material, manufacturing, transportation, and hoisting costs by 40%-60% compared to traditional wind turbines.

[0037] 7. Environmentally friendly and highly compatible: It operates without noise or pollution and has strong wind and disaster resistance capabilities; it can be distributed, centrally networked, or used to provide loads, adapting to the needs of new power system construction.

[0038] (V) Applicable Scenarios

[0039] This system can be widely applied in the following scenarios: 1. Large-scale onshore wind farms: Constructing large-scale wind power bases in open areas such as plains and grasslands; 2. Wind farms in complex terrain: Areas where traditional wind farms cannot be adapted, such as mountains, hills, and canyons; 3. Offshore wind farms: Developing deep-sea wind energy resources in nearshore and offshore areas using floating rail modules; 4. Distributed wind power scenarios: Scenarios requiring localized power supply, such as industrial parks and island microgrids; 5. Integrated energy system: Can be decentralized or centralized and can be coordinated with photovoltaics, energy storage, and the power grid to build an integrated "wind-solar-storage-grid" energy system. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the overall structure of the system of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2This is a top view of the overall structure of the system of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of part A of the system of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of part B of the system of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of section C of the system of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of part D of the system of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of part E of the system of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 1 As shown: 1 is a support column (several pieces), 2 is a plate blade (several pieces), 3 is a ring track, 4 is a blade support (several pieces), and 5 is an auxiliary track; among them, the ring track 3 and the auxiliary track 5 are installed on the outside of the support columns 1, the blade supports 4 are installed on the outside of the ring track 3 and the auxiliary track 5 respectively, and the plate blades 2 are installed on the outer shaft of the blade supports 4.

[0048] Figure 2 As shown: 1 is a ring track, 2 is a plate blade (several pieces), 3 is a support column (several pieces), 4 is a blade support (several pieces), and 5 is a ring track; among them, the ring track 5 is installed on the outside of the support columns 3, the blade supports 4 are installed on the outside of the ring track 5, and the plate blades 2 are installed on the outer shaft of the blade supports 4.

[0049] Figure 3 As shown: 1 is (sectional view), 2 is plate blade, 3 is blade support, 4 is airfoil chain, 5 is annular track (sectional view), 6 is sprocket, 7 is drive shaft, 8 is coupling, and 9 is hydraulic pump; wherein, plate blade 2 is installed on the outside of blade support 3, blade support 3 is hinged to airfoil chain 4, airfoil chain 4 is installed inside annular track 5, annular track 5 is installed on the outside of support column, sprocket 6 is installed inside support column 1 and on drive shaft 7, meshing with airfoil chain 4, and coupling 8 connects drive shaft 7 to hydraulic pump 9.

[0050] Figure 4 As shown: 1 is a plate blade, 2 is a blade support, 3 is an auxiliary track (section view), 4 is a blade roller assembly, and 5 is a support column; wherein, the plate blade 1 is installed on the outside of the blade support 2, the blade roller assembly 4 is installed inside the auxiliary track 3, and the auxiliary track 3 is installed on the outside of the support column 5.

[0051] Figure 5As shown: 1 is the support column, 2 is the hydraulic motor, 3 is the coupling, 4 is the generator set, 5 is the protective cover, and 6 is the civil foundation; among them, the hydraulic motor 2 is connected to the generator set 4 through the coupling 3. The hydraulic motor 2, the coupling 3, and the generator set 4 are respectively installed inside the support column 1 and the protective cover 5. The support column 1 and the protective cover 5 are installed together on the civil foundation 6.

[0052] Figure 6 As shown: 1 is a plate blade, 2 is a blade support, 3 is a winglet chain, 4 is a ring track (section view), 5 is a sprocket, and 6 is a support column; wherein, the plate blade 1 is behind the blade support 2, the blade support 2 is hinged to the winglet chain 3, the winglet chain 3 is inside the ring track 4, and the sprocket 5 is inside the support column 6 and meshes with the winglet chain 3.

[0053] Figure 7 As shown: 1 is a support column, 2 is an annular track, 3 is a plate blade, and 4 is a blade support; wherein, the annular track 2 is installed on the outside of the support column 1, the blade support 4 is hinged to the wing plate extending from the annular track 2, and the plate blade 3 is connected to its outer rotating shaft on the outside and in the middle of the blade support 4 via a convex ring. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] See Figure 1 , 2 The system consists of multiple support columns supporting a circular track tens or hundreds of meters above the ground; dozens to hundreds of blade supports and plate blade units are distributed on the track. Driven by wind, the plate blades in the downwind section (working section) are perpendicular to the wind direction and revolve along the circular track; the plate blades in the upwind section (return section) rotate with the wind and are parallel to the wind direction.

[0056] See Figure 3 , 6 When the blade unit and blade support drive the horizontal vane chain in the annular track, the horizontal vane chain drives the horizontal sprocket meshing with it in the support column to rotate. The horizontal sprocket coaxially drives the hydraulic oil pump to generate high-pressure hydraulic oil.

[0057] See Figure 4 The blade support is hinged to the wing plate of the roller assembly set inside and outside the auxiliary track. When the plate blade and blade support run along the upper track, the roller assembly is synchronized with it in the auxiliary track, so that the blade support and plate blade maintain the normal position.

[0058] See Figure 5 When the aforementioned hydraulic oil pump generates high-pressure hydraulic oil under the drive of a horizontal sprocket, it drives the hydraulic motor through the hydraulic system to drive the generator to generate electricity.

[0059] See Figure 7 In the upwind section (return section), the plate blades rotate with the wind and are parallel to the wind direction, thus greatly eliminating wind resistance.

[0060] The embodiments provide a detailed description of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. However, all such changes fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-scale wind power generation system based on a ring track adaptive design, characterized in that, It includes a support structure and track module, a plate blade unit module, a rotation and revolution and automatic reversing mechanism, an energy capture and conversion module, and an intelligent control system. The support structure and track module is a ring track bearing foundation. The plate blade units are distributed along the track. Through rotation and revolution, wind energy is captured in all wind directions. The energy is converted through a hydraulic system. The intelligent control system realizes full-condition optimization and safety protection.

2. The adaptive ultra-large wind power generation system based on a circular track according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support structure and track module include evenly distributed vertical support columns, a double-layer closed ring track erected on the outside of the support columns, and a triangular blade support; the track is a modular splicing structure that can expand the perimeter and number of rings to adapt to different terrains.

3. The adaptive ultra-large wind power generation system based on a circular track according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation-revolution and automatic reversal mechanism is achieved through a purely mechanical structure: the plate blades self-rotate around the blade support axis, revolve directionally along the track, and maintain a vertical windward attitude in the downwind section and automatically feather to reduce drag in the upwind section.

4. The adaptive ultra-large wind power generation system based on a circular track according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy capture and conversion module adopts a conversion path of "wind energy → mechanical energy → hydraulic energy → electrical energy", supports distributed or centralized power generation and grid connection, and optimizes the structure and buffers wind speed fluctuations through the hydraulic system to ensure stable output power.

5. The adaptive ultra-large wind power generation system based on a circular track according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control system collects operational data through a global sensor network to achieve power optimization, safety protection, fault early warning, and remote unattended operation and maintenance.

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