Tunnel energy-gathered smooth blasting charging structure and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel energy-gathered smooth blasting charging structure and method. The charging structure comprises an energy-gathered charging pipe, a positioning hoop arranged outside the pipe in a sleeving mode and a positioning rail bar used for guiding installation. Triangular energy-gathering grooves which penetrate in the axial direction and are symmetrical on the two sides are formed in the energy-gathering charging pipe, and conical energy-gathering holes are formed in the two ends of the energy-gathering charging pipe. The positioning hoop is provided with elastic tooth petals which are expanded outwards, trapezoidal gaps are reserved between the tooth petals, and the section shape of the positioning rail bar is matched with the gaps. During construction, through clearance fit between the positioning rail bar and the positioning hoop, rotation of the energy-gathering charging pipe is limited, and it is ensured that the energy-gathering groove is accurately aligned with a tunnel design excavation contour line; the positioning hoop supports the shaped charge tube to be located in the center of the blast hole, an air gap is formed between the cartridge and the hole wall, the buffering effect is achieved, and damage of explosive shock waves to surrounding rock is reduced. The device integrates orientation, positioning, explosion propagation and filling, detonating cord-free sympathetic detonation is achieved, the filling procedure is simplified, and the half-hole rate and the construction efficiency of tunnel smooth blasting are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel blasting, in particular to a tunnel shaped charge light blasting charging structure and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In tunnel and underground engineering excavation, light blasting technology is widely used to control the excavation contour and reduce the disturbance of surrounding rock. Although the current commonly used shaped charge light blasting uses the energy concentration effect to guide crack propagation, there are still significant defects in actual construction: 1. Difficulty in orientation: the shaped charge tube is easy to rotate in the narrow blast hole, and it is difficult to ensure that the shaped charge groove is always aligned with the design contour line, resulting in serious overbreak and underbreak. 2. Complex process and low efficiency: the traditional method relies on manual binding of cartridges, insertion into the hole and mud plugging, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the filling quality is uneven. 3. High cost and unreliable transmission: the traditional air gap charging relies on the series connection of detonating cord to ensure sympathetic detonation, increasing the material cost; if the detonating cord is not used, the cartridge spacing is too large, which may cause misfire and blind blasting. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a tunnel shaped charge light blasting charging structure and construction method that integrates orientation, positioning, transmission and filling, in order to solve the problems of inaccurate orientation, complex construction and high cost in the prior art.

[0004] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0005] The present application provides a tunnel shaped charge light blasting charging structure, comprising: a plurality of shaped charge tubes located in the blast hole, placed according to a predetermined spacing; a plurality of positioning hoops and a positioning rail for guiding installation are provided outside the shaped charge tube; the positioning hoop is composed of a circular ring and a plurality of outwardly expanded elastic tooth petals, the inner diameter of the circular ring is the same as the outer diameter of the shaped charge tube, allowing the shaped charge tube to be smoothly inserted and closely fitted; the elastic tooth petals can be inwardly contracted; the elastic tooth petals are in the form of straight teeth when inserted into the hole, and will automatically contract to the size of the hole diameter; when withdrawn, they become inverted teeth and can be clamped to the hole wall, serving as a blast hole filling; a gap is left between adjacent elastic tooth petals; the cross-sectional shape of the positioning rail is adapted to the shape of the gap; the plurality of positioning hoops are configured to support the shaped charge tube in the center of the blast hole after being loaded into the blast hole, and to form an air gap between the shaped charge tube and the blast hole wall; the positioning rail is laid in the lower part of the blast hole between the blast hole wall and the positioning hoop, and is embedded in the gap of the elastic tooth petals to limit the circumferential rotation of the shaped charge tube; the inside of the shaped charge tube is provided with two symmetrical shaped grooves penetrating the tube along the axial direction; the cross-section of the shaped groove is triangular; through the cooperation of the positioning rail and the positioning hoop, the shaped groove is directed at the peripheral hole position tunnel design contour line.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present application, the two ends of the shaped charge tube are provided with inwardly recessed conical shaped charge cavities, which produce a shaped charge effect during the explosion of the explosive and increase the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosive.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present application, the conical shaped charge cavities have a cone angle ranging from 90° to 110°; and the triangular top angle of the shaped charge groove ranges from 70° to 90°, and the top angle depth is 8-10 mm.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present application, the outer edge diameter of the elastic tooth lobe is 3-5 mm larger than the borehole diameter; the gap between the elastic tooth lobes is trapezoidal, and the cross section of the positioning rail is a matching trapezoid.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present application, the outer peripheral wall of the shaped charge tube near the front end is provided with a ring of protruding structures for axially limiting the positioning hoop.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present application, the shaped charge tube, the positioning hoop and the positioning rail are all made of anti-static ABS plastic material.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present application, the length of the positioning rail can be cut according to the length of the borehole, and the length is 10 cm longer than the borehole depth, and the whole body is smooth, facilitating the sliding of the shaped charge tube along the rail and the extraction of the rail after the charging is completed.

[0012] The present application also provides a construction method of the tunnel shaped charge smooth blasting charging structure of the above-mentioned embodiment, which comprises the following steps: step one, pre-assembly: loading the explosive into the shaped charge tube, and sleeving the positioning hoop on the shaped charge tube; adjusting the angle of the positioning hoop so that the orientation of one gap of the positioning hoop and the orientation of the shaped charge groove inside the shaped charge tube maintain a predetermined geometric relationship, so that after the shaped charge tube is loaded into the borehole, the two sides of the shaped charge groove of the shaped charge tube are directed to the contour line; step two, inserting the rail: inserting the positioning rail into the borehole so that it is laid against the hole wall; step three, charging and advancing: pushing the assembled shaped charge tube and positioning hoop assembly along the positioning rail into the borehole so that the positioning rail is clamped into the gap of the positioning hoop and slides; step four, detonation connection: after sequentially pushing in multiple assemblies, inserting a detonator into the outermost shaped charge tube, and using the shaped charge effect of the end of the shaped charge tube to realize sympathetic detonation without detonating cord; step five, extracting or leaving the positioning rail as needed, and detonating.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present application, one shaped charge tube, two positioning hoops and a positioning rail are used as a group; first, the emulsified explosive is loaded into the shaped charge tube, and then the two positioning hoops are sequentially inserted into the shaped charge tube from the bottom, with the elastic tooth lobes downward, and the upper positioning hoop is attached to the protruding structure of the shaped charge tube.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present application are: By the axial energy-gathering effect, the emulsion explosive's sympathetic detonation distance is increased, the amount of detonating cord is reduced, and the construction cost is reduced. The parameters of the lateral energy-gathering groove are optimized, the effect of lateral directional rock breaking is improved, and the light blasting effect is improved. The positioning hoop is added at both ends of the energy-gathering tube, which can play the role of centering the explosive package and filling the blast hole. At the same time, by adjusting the angle of the positioning hoop and the energy-gathering groove, and cooperating with the use of the positioning rail, the installation of the energy-gathering tube is facilitated, and the filling accuracy of the energy-gathering tube is improved. By using the device, the detonating cord between the explosive packages can be omitted, and the construction cost is reduced. By using the present application, the construction efficiency is greatly improved, the blasting effect is improved, and the construction cost is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the energy-gathering charge tube of the present application.

[0015] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the positioning hoop of the present application.

[0016] Figure 3 is a top view of the positioning hoop of the present application.

[0017] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the positioning rail of the present application. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view after the explosive is loaded into the energy-gathering charge tube. Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the combination of the energy-gathering charge tube and the positioning hoop. Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the positioning rail inserted into the hole, with the long side of the trapezoid downwardly attached to the hole wall and cooperated with the energy-gathering charge tube. Figure 8 is a tunnel excavation cross-sectional view (the energy-gathering groove of the energy-gathering charge tube faces the excavation contour line direction). Figure 9 is a structural view after the explosive package is filled.

[0018] Reference signs: 1: energy-gathering charge tube 2: positioning hoop 3: positioning rail 11: conical energy-gathering cavity 12: energy-gathering groove 13: protruding structure 21: circular ring 22: elastic tooth lobe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below in combination with the specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are only used to understand the present application, and the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other, and the present application can be implemented in various different ways limited and covered by the claims.

[0020] The application aims at realizing the following technical scheme: a tunnel energy-gathering smooth blasting charge structure, which is composed of an energy-gathering charge pipe, a positioning hoop and a positioning rail, and the whole material is an antistatic material to avoid the safety hazard caused by static electricity generated by friction between components during the charging process.

[0021] The energy-gathering charge pipe is a pipe with an inner diameter of 32 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm, and the length is 10-20 cm and can be selected according to the charge amount. The end of the energy-gathering charge pipe has a concave tapered energy-gathering cavity, and the energy-gathering charge pipe has two symmetrical energy-gathering grooves inside, and the front end of the energy-gathering charge pipe has a protruding part at a certain distance outside, and the protrusion height is 2 mm. The inner diameter of the energy-gathering charge pipe is 32 mm, which is convenient for filling the emulsion explosive cartridge with a diameter of 32 mm, and the wall thickness of 2 mm can make the pipe have a certain strength.

[0022] The energy-gathering cavity is tapered, which forms a tapered cavity at the end of the pipe, and the taper angle is 90-110°, which can be selected according to the charge spacing. The charge spacing is large, and the value is small, and vice versa.

[0023] The energy-gathering groove is a linear groove with an isosceles triangular cross section, and the triangular top angle is 70-90°, and the top angle height is 8-10 mm. The length of the energy-gathering groove is consistent with that of the energy-gathering charge pipe. The energy-gathering groove can produce an energy-gathering effect on both sides of the charge after the explosion of the explosive, improve the crack depth and flatness in the direction of the designed contour line on both sides of the blast hole, effectively control the explosion energy, and improve the smooth blasting effect.

[0024] The positioning hoop is composed of a circular ring and eight tooth petals that are spread outward. The inner diameter of the circular ring is the same as the outer diameter of the energy-gathering charge pipe, which can allow the energy-gathering charge pipe to be inserted smoothly and closely. The tooth petals are spread outward with the circular ring as the center and have a certain elasticity, which can be contracted inward. The outer diameter of the edge of the tooth petals is selected according to the hole diameter, which is generally 3-5 mm larger than the hole diameter. The gap between the tooth petals is trapezoidal. When the tooth petals enter the hole, they will automatically contract to the size of the hole diameter, and when they are withdrawn, they can be clamped to the hole wall to play the role of hole filling.

[0025] The positioning rail is a long strip with a trapezoidal cross section, and the trapezoidal shape matches the gap between the tooth petals. The length can be cut according to the length of the blast hole, and is generally 10 cm longer than the depth of the blast hole. The whole is smooth, which facilitates the sliding of the energy-gathering charge pipe along the rail, and facilitates the extraction of the rail after the charging is completed.

[0026] In use, one shaped charge tube, two positioning hoops are a group, cooperate with the positioning rail to use. First, the emulsion explosive is filled into the shaped charge tube, then the two positioning hoops are sequentially inserted into the shaped charge tube from the bottom, the tooth petals face downward, the upper positioning hoop is attached to the protruding part of the shaped charge tube, the positioning hoops are rotated and adjusted according to the direction of the contour line designed by the hole position tunnel, so that the two sides of the shaped charge groove in the shaped charge tube face the contour line, at the same time, one tooth petal gap faces downward, the angles of the two positioning hoops are the same, the positioning rail is inserted into the hole, one side of the trapezoidal long edge faces downward and is attached to the hole wall, and the combined shaped charge tube is inserted into the hole along the positioning rail. According to the design, the shaped charge tube is sequentially filled into the hole at the designed position, and then the positioning rail is pulled out. In this way, the filling of one hole is completed.

[0027] Under the support of the two positioning hoops, it can be ensured that the emulsion explosive roll is always in the center of the blast hole, and there is an air gap between the roll and the hole wall, which plays a certain buffering role, reduces the direct damage of the explosion shock wave to the wall, improves the half-hole rate of blasting and the stability of the reserved surrounding rock, and improves the overall smooth blasting effect.

[0028] In use, the emulsion explosive is filled into the tube, or the explosive can be prefabricated in the factory and filled into the tube in advance; according to the design of the peripheral hole of the tunnel excavation section, the geometric positional relationship between the positioning hoop and the shaped charge tube is installed according to the design index of the peripheral hole, and the same index is marked, so that during the construction, the positioning rail only needs to be directly put in, and the assembled shaped charge tube assembly is inserted, so that the shaped charge groove faces the direction of the excavation contour line.

[0029] In use, one shaped charge tube and two positioning hoops are a group, and the two positioning hoops are sequentially sleeved from the bottom, the tooth petals face downward, the upper positioning hoop is attached to the protruding part of the shaped charge tube, and the rear positioning hoop is 2-3 cm away from the tail.

[0030] In use, the positioning hoops are rotated and adjusted according to the direction of the contour line designed by the hole position tunnel, so that the two sides of the shaped charge groove in the shaped charge tube face the contour line, at the same time, the gap between the two tooth petals faces downward, and the angles of the front and rear positioning hoops are the same. In use, according to the designed blast hole depth, a positioning rail with a length of 10 cm longer than the hole depth is cut, the positioning rail is first inserted into the hole, and one side of the trapezoidal long edge faces downward and is attached to the hole wall.

[0031] In use, the assembled shaped charge tube is inserted into the blast hole along the positioning rail, the front end of the shaped charge tube faces inward, the tooth petals have elasticity and can be contracted because the outer diameter of the tooth petals is larger than the blast hole, the tooth petals are in order when entering the hole and will automatically contract to the size of the hole diameter, and the tooth petals are reversed when exiting and can be clamped to the hole wall, thereby playing a role of filling the blast hole.

[0032] Under the support of two positioning hoops, the emulsion explosive roll can be ensured to be always in the center of the blast hole, the roll and the hole wall are separated by air, which can play a certain buffering effect, reduce the direct damage of explosion shock wave to the hole wall, improve the half-hole rate of blasting and the stability of reserved surrounding rock, and improve the overall smooth blasting effect.

[0033] In use, the combined shaped charge tube is pushed into the hole at the designed position according to the number and interval of the designed charge, and the detonating detonator is inserted into the shaped charge tube at the outermost side. After the first shaped charge tube is detonated, the next shaped charge tube is gradually detonated through the axial shaped charge effect, so that all the charge is detonated and the final blasting is completed. In this way, the use of detonating cord can be omitted, and the construction cost is reduced.

[0034] After all the filling is completed, see Figure 9 .

[0035] Example 1: Charge structure parameters As shown in the figure, the present application mainly consists of a shaped charge tube 1, a positioning hoop 2 and a positioning rail 3, and the overall material is antistatic ABS plastic.

[0036] The shaped charge tube 1 has an inner diameter of 32 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. A full-length isosceles triangular shaped groove 12 is arranged in the tube body, and the top angle is 70°~90°, which is used to control the release of explosion energy along the tunnel contour line. The tube body is designed with a tapered shaped cavity 11 with a taper angle of 90°~110° at both ends. The outer wall of the front end is provided with a protrusion 13 with a height of 2 mm for limiting.

[0037] The positioning hoop 2 consists of a center ring 21 and eight outwardly expanded elastic tooth petals 22. The outer edge diameter of the tooth petals is 3~5 mm larger than the blast hole, and the tooth petals form a trapezoidal gap therebetween. When entering the hole, the tooth petals shrink in the same direction, and when withdrawing from the hole, the tooth petals are clamped to the hole wall in the form of inverted teeth, which plays a fixing and plugging effect.

[0038] The positioning rail 3 has a smooth trapezoidal cross section and a length of 10 cm longer than the depth of the blast hole, and is used in cooperation with the trapezoidal gap of the positioning hoop 2.

[0039] Example 2: Construction method Pre-assembly: The emulsion explosive is filled into the shaped charge tube 1. Two positioning hoops 2 are sleeved into the tube body, and the upper part is abutted against the protrusion 13. The key is to rotate the positioning hoop 2, so that the orientation of one of the trapezoidal gaps is perpendicular or parallel to the orientation of the shaped groove 12 in the tube (depending on the design requirements, to ensure that the shaped groove is aligned with the contour line after the rail is inserted).

[0040] Insert the rail: The trapezoidal long edge of the positioning rail 3 is inserted into the bottom of the blast hole as a slide rail.

[0041] Charge propulsion: the assembled components are pushed into the hole bottom along the positioning rail 3. The tooth petals remain contracted in sliding and rebound to lock after reaching the position.

[0042] Initiation: a plurality of components are sequentially filled, and only the outermost charge is installed with a detonator. After detonation, the previous charge is detonated by the high-speed jet generated by the conical shaped energy accumulation hole 11 to detonate the next charge, realizing non-detonating cord transmission. Finally, the positioning rail 3 is extracted.

[0043] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the other forms of the present application. Any skilled person in the art can use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments without departing from the technical solution content of the present application, and in accordance with the technical essence of the present application, still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunnel shaped charge structure with a smooth surface, characterized in that, include: Multiple shaped charge tubes (1) located inside the borehole are placed at a preset interval; several positioning clamps (2) are fitted around the outside of the shaped charge tubes (1), and positioning rails (3) are used to guide the installation; the positioning clamps (2) consist of a ring (21) and several outwardly expanding elastic toothed flaps (22). The inner diameter of the ring (21) is the same as the outer diameter of the shaped charge tube (1), which allows the shaped charge tube (1) to be smoothly inserted from the middle and to maintain a tight fit. The elastic toothed flaps (22) can retract inward. When the elastic toothed flaps (22) enter the hole, they are forward teeth and will automatically retract to the size of the hole diameter. When they exit, they are reverse teeth. It can hold the borehole wall and fill the borehole; there is a gap between adjacent elastic toothed flaps (22); the cross-sectional shape of the positioning rail (3) is adapted to the shape of the gap; the multiple positioning hoops (2) are configured to support the shaped charge tube (1) at the center of the borehole after it is inserted into the borehole, and to form an air gap between the shaped charge tube (1) and the borehole wall; the positioning rail (3) is laid at the bottom of the borehole, between the borehole wall and the positioning hoops (2), and the positioning rail (3) is embedded in the gap of the elastic toothed flaps (22) to restrict the circumferential rotation of the shaped charge tube (1); The shaped charge tube (1) has symmetrical shaped charge grooves (12) running through both sides of the tube body along the axial direction inside. The cross section of the shaped charge groove (12) is triangular. It is connected to the positioning hoop (2) by the positioning rail (3). The shaped charge groove (12) is aligned with the tunnel design outline of the surrounding holes.

2. The tunnel shaped charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaped charge tube (1) has concave conical shaped charge cavities (11) at both ends, which generate a shaped charge effect during the detonation of the explosive and increase the sympathetic detonation distance of the explosive.

3. The tunnel shaped charge structure with smooth explosive surface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cone angle of the cone-shaped energy-concentrating cavity (11) ranges from 90° to 110°; The apex angle of the triangle of the energy-concentrating groove (12) is 70°~90° and the depth of the apex angle is 8~10mm.

4. The tunnel shaped charge structure with smooth explosive surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the elastic toothed flap (22) is 3-5 mm larger than the borehole diameter; the gap between the elastic toothed flaps (22) is trapezoidal, and the cross section of the positioning rail (3) is a matching trapezoidal.

5. The tunnel shaped charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer peripheral wall near the front end of the shaped charge tube (1) is provided with a ring of protruding structure (13) for axially limiting the positioning hoop (2).

6. The tunnel shaped charge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaped charge tube (1), positioning clamp (2) and positioning rail (3) are all made of antistatic ABS plastic.

7. The tunnel shaped charge structure with smooth explosive surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the positioning rail (3) can be cut according to the length of the borehole, 10cm longer than the depth of the borehole, and the whole body is smooth, which makes it easy for the shaped charge tube to slide along the rail and for the rail to be pulled out after the charge is loaded.

8. A construction method for a tunnel shaped charge smooth blasting structure as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Pre-assembly: Load the explosive into the shaped charge tube (1) and put the positioning hoop (2) on the shaped charge tube (1); adjust the angle of the positioning hoop (2) so that the orientation of one gap of the positioning hoop (2) and the orientation of the shaped charge groove (12) inside the shaped charge tube (1) maintain a predetermined geometric relationship, so that after the shaped charge tube (1) is installed into the borehole, the shaped charge grooves on both sides of the shaped charge tube (1) face the outline line; Step 2, Insert the rail: Insert the positioning rail (3) into the blast hole and lay it in close contact with the hole wall; Step 3, charge propulsion: Push the assembled shaped charge tube (1) and positioning clamp (2) into the borehole along the positioning rail (3), so that the positioning rail (3) slides into the gap of the positioning clamp (2); Step 4, Detonation Connection: After pushing in multiple components in sequence, insert the detonator into the outermost shaped charge tube (1) and use the shaped charge effect at the end of the shaped charge tube (1) to achieve detonation without detonating cord. Step 5: Remove or leave the positioning rail (3) as needed, and then detonate.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: A set of one shaped charge tube (1) and two positioning clamps (2) are used in conjunction with the positioning rail. First, the emulsion explosive is loaded into the shaped charge tube (1), and then the two positioning clamps (2) are inserted into the shaped charge tube (1) from the bottom in sequence, with the elastic toothed flap (22) facing down, and the upper positioning clamp (2) fitting with the protruding structure (13) of the shaped charge tube (1).

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