Opening kerf impact detonation energy gathering structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of blasting engineering, in particular to an opening kerf impact detonation energy gathering structure which comprises a first energy gathering unit, a second energy gathering unit and explosives. The first energy gathering unit comprises an energy gathering pipe and clamping rings, an operation opening penetrating in the axial direction is formed in the side wall of the energy gathering pipe, a plurality of groups of kerfs distributed in the stomach in an array mode in the axial direction are further formed in the side wall of the energy gathering pipe, and the clamping rings are arranged on the inner side of the energy gathering pipe at intervals; the second energy gathering unit comprises a charging pipe, a shaped charge liner, a straight plate and an arc-shaped plate, the charging pipe is connected to the inner side of the clamping ring, the front end of the shaped charge liner is connected with the charging pipe, the rear end of the shaped charge liner is conical, and the straight plate and the arc-shaped plate clamp explosives to abut against the rear portion of the shaped charge liner. According to the energy-gathering pipe, kerfs on the two sides are utilized, the energy-gathering jet flow direction formed during energy-gathering blasting and the acting effect of blasting gas on rock mass are influenced, rock mass cracks are controlled to crack in the direction parallel to the connecting line of the kerfs on the two sides of the kerf pipe body and the tunnel contour line, the straight plate and the arc-shaped plate are utilized for controlling explosive energy direction utilization, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of blasting engineering technology, specifically to an open-cut slit impact detonation energy-concentrating structure. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, shaped charge blasting technology achieves better blasting profile shaping by utilizing differences in the shape and material of the shaped charge, reducing and improving over-excavation and under-excavation phenomena around the tunnel profile. By controlling the direction of the shaped charge jet formed by shaped charge blasting, the degree of rock fragmentation after blasting is observed, as well as the impact of shaped charge blasting technology on the tunnel profile shaping effect. Using a new type of shaped charge blasting device to directionally cut the rock mass and form rock blasting fractures along the direction of the shaped charge groove can reduce damage to the surrounding rock of the tunnel profile, achieve better blasting effect, control over-excavation and under-excavation, increase the half-hole ratio, and achieve better blasted tunnel profile quality. At the same time, the use of the lower opening shaped charge enhances the penetration of the smooth blasting layer, ensuring the blasting fragmentation effect of the smooth blasting layer. Under specific construction conditions and working conditions, shaped charge blasting technology can reduce the amount of explosives in the blast holes and the number of peripheral holes, thereby improving the tunnel profile quality.

[0003] The existing shaped charge blasting technology uses a simple external shape and a single material for the shaped charge structure. In the process of railway tunnel excavation, the blasting method is mostly based on digital electronic detonators and detonating cords. This method is not ideal for blasting in a specific direction, and it is also time-consuming, wasteful of explosives, and difficult to control over-excavation and under-excavation. It cannot meet the blasting effect requirements during construction and is not conducive to the progress of construction. It needs to be further improved. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the technical problems existing in the background art, this utility model provides an open-cut impact detonation shaped charge structure that uses a shaped charge tube to control the flatness of the tunnel outline and uses a shaped charge device instead of a detonating cord for detonation transmission. It also features low explosive consumption, high economy, fewer operations, minimal over-excavation and under-excavation, and high half-hole ratio.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0006] An open-cut impact detonation shaped charge structure includes a first shaped charge unit, a second shaped charge unit, and explosive.

[0007] The first energy-concentrating unit includes an energy-concentrating tube and retaining rings. The side wall of the energy-concentrating tube has an axially penetrating operating port and several sets of axially arrayed slits. Retaining rings are spaced apart on the inner side of the energy-concentrating tube.

[0008] The second shaped charge unit includes a charge tube, a shaped charge liner, a straight plate, and an arc-shaped plate. The charge tube is connected to the inside of the retaining ring. The front end of the shaped charge liner is connected to the charge tube, and the rear end is conical. The straight plate and the arc-shaped plate clamp the explosive and abut against the rear of the shaped charge liner.

[0009] The straight plate and the curved plate are connected in parallel at the rear of the shaped charge liner, and the explosive abuts against the tip of the shaped charge liner.

[0010] The medicated cover has an open front end and a closed rear end, with a taper of 0.9-2.4 at the rear end.

[0011] The cut is rectangular.

[0012] Several slits are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the centerline of the focusing tube.

[0013] A slit is provided between each two adjacent charge tubes.

[0014] The central angle of the focusing tube ranges from 270° to 330°.

[0015] The straight plate is on the side away from the axis of the curved plate, and after installation, it is parallel to the tangent direction of the middle position of the curved plate.

[0016] The thickness of the curved plate ranges from 0.5mm to 1mm.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0018] (1) By using the shaped charge liner, the energy of the explosive is controlled to form a shaped metal jet during blasting, and part of the energy is transferred to the next section of explosive to trigger the sympathetic detonation of the explosive. The impact detonation of the shaped charge device is used to replace the detonating cord, which reduces the time and amount of explosives for workers to load, and improves construction efficiency and economic benefits.

[0019] (2) The shaped charge tube utilizes the slits on both sides to affect the direction of the shaped charge jet formed during shaped charge blasting and the effect of the explosive gas on the rock mass. It controls the direction of rock mass fissures to crack in the direction parallel to the line connecting the slits on both sides of the shaped charge tube and the tunnel outline. It uses straight plates and arc plates to control the direction of explosive energy utilization, improve energy utilization efficiency, and meet the requirements of controlling tunnel over-excavation and under-excavation under certain working conditions. It uses the shaped charge groove on the open side to strengthen the blasting and breaking of the light blasting layer, ensure the blasting effect of the light blasting layer, and lay the foundation for the flatness of the tunnel outline. Attached Figure Description

[0020] In the attached diagram:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the energy-concentrating tube of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a partial enlarged view of the energy-concentrating tube of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a partial enlarged view of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second energy-concentrating unit of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drug-shaped cover of this utility model.

[0026] The components represented by the various reference numerals in the diagram are:

[0027] 1. First shaped charge unit; 11. Shaped charge tube; 111. Slit; 112. Operating port; 12. Retaining ring; 2. Second shaped charge unit; 21. Charge tube; 22. shaped charge liner; 23. Straight plate; 24. Curved plate; 3. Explosive. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Example 1

[0029] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0030] An impact-initiated shaped charge structure with an open slit 111 includes a first shaped charge unit 1, a second shaped charge unit 2, and an explosive 3;

[0031] The first energy-concentrating unit 1 includes an energy-concentrating tube 11 and a retaining ring 12. The energy-concentrating tube 11 has an axially penetrating operating port 112 on its side wall. Figure 3 As shown, several sets of slits 111 arranged in an axial array are also provided, and retaining rings 12 are provided at intervals on the inner side of the energy-concentrating tube 11.

[0032] The second shaped charge unit 2 includes a charge tube 21, a shaped charge liner 22, a straight plate 23, and an arc-shaped plate 24. The charge tube 21 is connected to the inside of the retaining ring 12. The front end of the shaped charge liner 22 is connected to the charge tube 21, and the rear end is conical. The straight plate 23 and the arc-shaped plate 24 hold the explosive 3 and abut against the rear of the shaped charge liner 22. See details below. Figure 4 .

[0033] The central angle of the shaped charge tube 11 is in the range of 270° to 330°. The operation port 112 opened on its side wall facilitates the charging operation. When it is used in conjunction with the second shaped charge unit 2, the position of the second shaped charge unit 2 can be adjusted through the operation port 112, which can also achieve a better blasting shaped charge effect.

[0034] Preferably, the central angle of the energy-concentrating tube 11 is 300° to achieve the best energy-concentrating effect without affecting the position adjustment of the second energy-concentrating unit 2.

[0035] The diameter of the retaining ring 12 is smaller than that of the energy-concentrating tube 11, and it can be fixed to the inner wall of the energy-concentrating tube 11. The spacing between the retaining rings 12 is less than 50mm. The retaining rings 12 play the role of fixing and positioning the second energy-concentrating unit 2, ensuring the stability of the entire energy-concentrating structure.

[0036] A slit 111 is provided between each two adjacent charge tubes 21, and several slits 111 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center line of the charge tube 11.

[0037] The symmetrical distribution design ensures a balanced release of energy during blasting, resulting in a more uniform blasting effect and reducing unsatisfactory blasting situations caused by uneven energy distribution.

[0038] Furthermore, there are two sets of slits 111, located on the left and right sides of the operating port 112 respectively. Regarding the number of slits 111, if there are too many, it will reduce the effect of shaped charge blasting; if there are too few, the explosive jet of the explosive 3 cannot be released evenly.

[0039] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The cut 111 is rectangular, the direction of the blast jet is controllable, the blast range is controllable, the length of the cut 111 is less than the impact detonation distance of 50mm, and the width of the cut 111 ranges from 1mm to 3mm.

[0040] When in use, the operating port 112 is oriented towards the center of the outline of the tunnel to be blasted, and the cutting slit 111 is oriented towards the adjacent surrounding holes.

[0041] The 111 impact-initiated shaped charge structure features low explosive consumption, high economy, minimal operation, small over- and under-excavation, and high half-hole ratio.

[0042] The shaped shroud 22 is open at the front and closed at the back, combined with Figure 5 To make it easier to understand, the taper at the rear end is 0.9-2.4. This conical design can better concentrate energy during blasting, forming a high-speed jet and improving the blasting power; the wall thickness of the shaped charge liner 22 ranges from 0.5mm to 3mm, and it is made of metal. In actual production, copper can be used.

[0043] Furthermore, the loading tube 21 is divided into a front limiting tube and a rear loading tube. The diameter of the limiting tube is smaller than that of the loading tube, and the diameter of the limiting tube is smaller than that of the front end of the shaped charge hood 22, so as to limit the shaped charge hood 22.

[0044] The straight plate 23 and the arc plate 24 are connected in parallel at the rear of the shaped charge liner 22, and the explosive 3 abuts against the tip of the shaped charge liner 22.

[0045] The straight plate 23 is located on the side away from the axis of the curved plate 24. After installation, it is parallel to the tangent direction of the middle position of the curved plate 24. The straight plate 23 is made of PVC plastic material. PVC plastic material has the advantages of being lightweight, low cost and easy to process, which can meet the usage requirements of the straight plate 23.

[0046] The thickness of the curved plate 24 ranges from 0.5mm to 1mm. It is made of metal, and copper is preferred.

[0047] The straight plate 23 adjusts the energy utilization of the explosive 3, reduces the development trend of cracks on the outer side of the outline, and uses the arc plate 24 to focus energy to penetrate the light blasting layer, improve the breaking effect of the light blasting layer, and lay the foundation for a smooth and flat tunnel outline.

[0048] Before detonation, safety inspections and early warnings are conducted. Based on the actual engineering rock type, surrounding rock grade, construction conditions, and construction requirements, the relevant parameters of the required shaped charge tube 11 and charging tube 21 are determined and mass-produced. After drilling the blast holes with equipment such as the three-arm drilling rig, the explosive 3 is placed into the charging tube 21. The detonator is inserted into the explosive 3 at the rear end of the shaped charge structure through the opening slit 111. During loading, the operating port 112 faces the center of the tunnel outline, and the line connecting the two slits 111 is parallel to the tunnel outline. The detonator network connection line leading out of the peripheral holes is filled in, and the hole openings of the peripheral holes are filled with drilling mud to complete the loading of the explosive 3.

[0049] This invention can replace the traditional bamboo strip binding process, saving charging time and improving construction efficiency. It utilizes the energy-concentrated metal jet formed by controlling the energy of the explosive 3 during the blasting of the second energy-concentrating unit 2 to transfer part of the energy to the next section of the second energy-concentrating unit 2 to trigger the sympathetic detonation of the explosive 3, replacing the detonating cord's detonation transmission function. It uses the slits 111 and the operating port 112 to influence the direction of the energy-concentrated jet formed during the energy-concentrated blasting and the effect of the explosive gas on the rock mass, controlling the rock mass fissures to open in the direction parallel to the line connecting the two sides of the slits 111 and the tunnel outline, thus controlling the over-excavation and under-excavation of the tunnel's perimeter outline.

Claims

1. An open slit impact initiating shaped charge structure, characterized by, It includes a first shaped charge unit (1), a second shaped charge unit (2), and explosive (3); The first energy-concentrating unit (1) includes an energy-concentrating tube (11) and a retaining ring (12). The side wall of the energy-concentrating tube (11) is provided with an axially penetrating operating port (112) and a number of axially arrayed slits (111). Retaining rings (12) are spaced apart on the inner side of the energy-concentrating tube (11). The second energy-concentrating unit (2) includes a charging tube (21), a shaped charge shroud (22), a straight plate (23), and an arc plate (24). The charging tube (21) is connected to the inside of the retaining ring (12). The front end of the shaped charge shroud (22) is connected to the charging tube (21), and the rear end is conical. The straight plate (23) and the arc plate (24) clamp the explosive (3) and abut against the rear of the shaped charge shroud (22).

2. An open slit impact initiating shaped charge structure according to claim 1, wherein, The straight plate (23) and the curved plate (24) are connected in parallel at the rear of the shaped charge liner (22), and the explosive (3) abuts against the tip of the shaped charge liner (22).

3. An open seam impact initiating shaped charge structure according to claim 2, wherein, The shaped shroud (22) has an open front end and a closed rear end, with a taper of 0.9-2.4 at the rear end.

4. An open seam impact initiating shaped charge structure according to claim 1 wherein, The cut (111) is rectangular.

5. An open seam impact initiating shaped charge structure according to claim 4, wherein, Several slits (111) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the centerline of the focusing tube (11).

6. An open seam impact initiating shaped charge structure according to claim 4 wherein, A slit (111) is provided between each two adjacent charge tubes (21).

7. An open seam impact initiating shaped charge structure according to claim 1 wherein, The central angle of the focusing tube (11) is in the range of 270° to 330°.

8. An open seam impact initiating shaped charge structure according to claim 1 wherein, The straight plate (23) is installed on the side away from the axis of the arc plate (24) and is parallel to the tangent direction of the middle position of the arc plate (24).

9. An open seam impact initiating shaped charge structure according to claim 8, wherein, The thickness of the arc plate (24) ranges from 0.5 mm to 1 mm.

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