A eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation and its preparation method. The basic structure of the eutectic explosive includes one CL-20 molecule, two DATNBI molecules, and two acetonitrile molecules. The unit cell parameters of the eutectic explosive are α = 94.764°, β = 95.065°, γ = 107.066°, Z = 2, belonging to the monoclinic crystal system, space group P-1. The CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic of this invention exhibits low insensitivity and good thermal stability. It can be used as a new generation of metal-free laser-initiated explosives through a molecular-level hierarchical detonation structure, showing promising application prospects in the field of laser-initiated detonation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energetic materials technology, and in particular to a eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] As one of the most important components of energetic materials, initiating explosives have undergone a long period of development, resulting in a wide variety of initiation systems. Compared with traditional spark, friction, and other initiation or ignition methods, laser initiation is considered a safer and more reliable method because it not only improves the accuracy and remote operation capability of the initiation device but also greatly simplifies its structure. However, with the development of numerous high-performance and inexpensive lasers, the laser-induced behavior of many energetic metal complexes (ECPPs) has been explored in recent years. It has been found that many ECPPs containing transition metals such as Cu, Ag, Co, and Pb, combined with nitrogen-rich heterocyclic ligands and counterions, can be initiated under laser irradiation.

[0003] Although energetic metal coordination compounds (ECPPs) exhibit good performance in terms of laser absorption efficiency and detonation capability, they are often extremely sensitive, posing significant challenges to their production and storage in practical applications. The presence of transition metals and halogens results in substantial environmental pollution from the explosion products, which does not meet the design standards of green chemistry. Most importantly, the high cost, complex synthesis processes, and reliance on corrosive reagents of transition metal oxoacids often accompany potential safety risks, and difficulties in obtaining raw materials further increase the complexity and cost of initiator preparation, leaving many obstacles to practical application. Therefore, developing a new generation of metal-free laser-initiated explosives is both urgent and necessary, and of great practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation and its preparation method to solve the aforementioned problems. This invention selects DATNBI, which has good detonation performance, as the "primary explosive," and CL-20 as the "secondary explosive." A new eutectic of DATNBI and CL-20 is prepared through evaporation crystallization using a mixed solvent, and then applied to laser-initiated detonation experiments. This invention, through eutectic technology, can balance the properties of different components, achieve molecular-level uniform mixing of different components, and shorten the vaporization time, reducing the electronic transition bandgap. This significantly increases the remote operation capability of CL-20 detonation and reduces the detonation risk factor to a certain extent.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation, the basic structure of which includes one CL-20 molecule, two DATNBI molecules and two acetonitrile molecules;

[0007] The cell parameters of eutectic explosives are α = 94.764°, β = 95.065°, γ = 107.066°, Z = 2, belonging to the monoclinic system, space group P-1.

[0008] A further embodiment is that the eutectic explosive exhibits sharp new diffraction peaks that are significantly different from those of CL-20 and DATNBI when subjected to Cu-kα radiation X-ray powder diffraction.

[0009] The X-ray diffraction pattern, expressed in diffraction angle 2θ, shows characteristic diffraction peaks at the following angles: 5.381°, 9.443°, 10.497°, 11.618°, 12.079°, 15.097°, 15.343°, 16.880°, 21.062°, 23.962°, 25.679°, 26.580°, 27.361°, 27.901°, 30.457°, 31.517°, and 34.179°. The error at each diffraction peak is ±0.2°.

[0010] A further embodiment is that when the eutectic explosive is tested using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the DSC curve, the peak decomposition temperature of the obtained eutectic is 230℃ and the initial decomposition temperature is 214℃, indicating good thermal stability.

[0011] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation, comprising the following steps;

[0012] Step 1: Preparation of the CL-20 and DATNBI eutectic solution;

[0013] Dissolve CL-20 and DATNBI in acetonitrile solvent at a molar ratio of 2:1 to 3:1, and after complete dissolution, filter to obtain a eutectic solution.

[0014] Step 2: Preparation of CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic explosive;

[0015] The CL-20 and DATNBI eutectic solution was placed at room temperature and allowed to slowly evaporate for 48-72 hours. The mother liquor was then filtered out to obtain the CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic explosive.

[0016] A further embodiment is that, in step one, CL-20 and DATNBI are dissolved in an organic solvent at a molar ratio of 2:1.

[0017] Eutectic explosives are formed by CL-20 molecules, DATNBI molecules, and acetonitrile molecules in a molar ratio of 1:2:2 through intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

[0018] In another aspect, the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned eutectic explosive as an energetic material.

[0019] In another aspect, the present invention also provides the use of the eutectic explosive obtained by the above preparation method as an energetic material.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] The CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic of this invention exhibits low sensitivity, good thermal stability, and excellent safety performance. Its impact sensitivity is greater than 5J, and its friction sensitivity is greater than 144N. This compound is a low-sensitivity, green initiating agent material. It can be used as a new generation of metal-free laser initiating explosives through a molecular-level hierarchical detonation structure, and has good application prospects in the field of laser initiation. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 The PXRD pattern is for the CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic.

[0024] Figure 2 The X-ray single-crystal diffraction pattern is for the CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic.

[0025] Figure 3 This is the TG-DSC diagram of the CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Under magnetic stirring at room temperature, 4.38 g (10 mmol) of CL-20 was added to 10 mL of anhydrous acetonitrile, followed by 1.72 g (5 mmol) of DATNBI. The mixture was stirred magnetically for a period of time until the solid was almost completely dissolved. The mother liquor was collected and placed at room temperature. After evaporation for 48 h, it was filtered to obtain light yellow blocky crystals.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] Under magnetic stirring at room temperature, 4.82 g (11 mmol) of CL-20 was added to 12 mL of anhydrous acetonitrile, followed by 1.72 g (5 mmol) of DATNBI. The mixture was stirred magnetically for a period of time until the solid was almost completely dissolved. The mother liquor was collected and placed at room temperature. After evaporation for 72 h, it was filtered to obtain light yellow blocky crystals.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] Under magnetic stirring at room temperature, 7.23 g (16.5 mmol) of CL-20 was added to 18 mL of anhydrous acetonitrile, followed by 1.72 g (5 mmol) of DATNBI. The mixture was stirred magnetically for a period of time until the solid was almost completely dissolved. The mother liquor was collected and placed at room temperature. After evaporation for 72 h, it was filtered to obtain light yellow blocky crystals.

[0033] The following analytical methods and equipment were used to characterize the CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic of embodiments of the present invention:

[0034] 1. X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD):

[0035] The powder diffractometer used was a D / MAX2500 model manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, Japan. The test conditions were as follows: CuKα target test, voltage 40kV, current 100mA, and scanning wavelength... Continuous scanning was used for testing at a scanning speed of 8° / min. Data analysis was performed using Jade 7.0 software after collection.

[0036] The CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic prepared in Example 1 was tested, and the X-ray diffraction pattern of the CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic is shown below. Figure 1 As shown;

[0037] Examples 1-3 show consistent PXRD test results.

[0038] 2. Thermogravimetric-Differential Scanning Calorimeter (TG-DSC):

[0039] The tests were performed using a Mettler Toledo TG-DSC instrument. 2-3 mg of sample was added to a crucible and placed in the furnace. High-purity nitrogen was used as a protective gas (gas rate 50 mL / min) and a reaction gas (gas rate 200 mL / min) inside the furnace. The measurement temperature range was 50–450 °C, with a heating rate of 10 °C / min. The temperature, heat, and weight changes of the sample during heating were measured. Program control, data recording, and analysis were all performed using STAReSoftware 10.0 software developed by Mettler Toledo.

[0040] The TG-DSC eutectic prepared in Example 1 was tested, and the results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, within the test temperature range, the peak decomposition temperature of the CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic molecule is 230℃, and the initial decomposition temperature is 214℃, indicating good thermal stability.

[0041] Examples 1-3 show consistent TG-DSC test results.

[0042] 3. X-ray single-crystal diffraction (SXRD):

[0043] This study used an X-ray single-crystal diffractometer (RigakuR_AXISRapidII) manufactured by Rigaku Corporation of Japan, with a MoKα target generating X-rays at a wavelength of [wavelength missing]. The test voltage was 50kV and the current was 90mA. The single crystal analysis and refinement were performed using SHELXS-2013 software. Figure 2 This is a crystal structure diagram of CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic explosive, which contains two molecules of acetonitrile. The CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic is formed by CL-20 molecules and DATNBI molecules in a 1:2 molar ratio bonded together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, with unit cell parameters of... α = 94.764°, β = 95.065°, γ = 107.066°, Z = 2, belonging to the monoclinic system, space group P-1.

[0044] 3. Mechanical sensitivity test

[0045] The impact and friction sensitivity were analyzed using equipment from the German Federal Institute for Testing and Materials (BAM). The impact sensitivity was greater than 5 J, and the friction sensitivity was greater than 144 N, demonstrating that this compound is a low-sensitivity, green initiating agent.

[0046] Examples 1-3 show consistent mechanical sensitivity test results.

[0047] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims. It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately. Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can also be arbitrarily combined, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation, characterized in that, The basic structure of eutectic explosives consists of one CL-20 molecule, two DATNBI molecules, and two acetonitrile molecules; The unit cell parameters of the eutectic explosive are a=9.632Å, b=11.076Å, c=16.576Å, α=94.764°, β=95.065°, γ=107.066°, Z=2, belonging to the monoclinic crystal system, space group P-1.

2. The eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The eutectic explosive exhibits sharp new diffraction peaks that are distinctly different from those of CL-20 and DATNBI when subjected to Cu-kα radiation X-ray powder diffraction. The X-ray diffraction pattern, expressed in diffraction angles 2θ, shows characteristic diffraction peaks at 5.381°, 9.443°, 10.497°, 11.618°, 12.079°, 15.097°, 15.343°, 16.880°, 21.062°, 23.962°, 25.679°, 26.580°, 27.361°, 27.901°, 30.457°, 31.517°, and 34.179°, with an error of ±0.2° for each peak.

3. The eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the eutectic explosive was tested using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the DSC curve, the peak decomposition temperature of the obtained eutectic was 230℃, and the initial decomposition temperature was 214℃.

4. A method for preparing a eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps; Step 1: Preparation of the CL-20 and DATNBI eutectic solution; Dissolve CL-20 and DATNBI in acetonitrile solvent at a molar ratio of 2:1 to 3:1, and after complete dissolution, filter to obtain a eutectic solution. Step 2: Preparation of CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic explosive; The CL-20 and DATNBI eutectic solution was placed at room temperature and allowed to slowly evaporate for 48-72 hours. The mother liquor was then filtered out to obtain the CL-20 / DATNBI eutectic explosive.

5. The method for preparing a eutectic explosive for laser-initiated detonation as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step one, CL-20 and DATNBI are dissolved in acetonitrile solvent at a molar ratio of 2:

1.

6. Use of the eutectic explosive as described in any one of claims 1-3 as an energetic material.

7. Use of the eutectic explosive obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4-5 as an energetic material.

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