Building whole-process carbon emission monitoring method and system based on BIM model

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of carbon emission monitoring and evaluation in the field of building construction, and provides a building whole-process carbon emission monitoring method and system based on a BIM model, and the method comprises the steps: updating an obstacle model in a target underground space based on the BIM model and construction progress information, obtaining the mechanical parameters of a target excavator, and obtaining the mechanical parameters of the target excavator; constructing an operation envelope model of the target excavator; and based on the operation envelope model and the obstacle model updated in real time, calculating an operation space reachability index and a rotation limitation index of the target excavator changing along with the construction progress in the target underground space. According to the method, the actual carbon emission parameters can be obtained in real time, the actual carbon emission parameters can be dynamically compared with the predicted value, and when the deviation exceeds the threshold value, the early warning information is output in time, so that the abnormal energy consumption condition caused by space limitation change, equipment abnormity or misoperation is effectively identified.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of carbon emission monitoring and evaluation in the field of building construction, and particularly relates to a building whole-process carbon emission monitoring method and system based on a BIM model. BACKGROUND

[0002] In underground space engineering construction, excavators are one of the most important construction machinery, and their operation efficiency and energy consumption level directly affect the construction progress and carbon emission intensity. Underground space usually has the characteristics of narrow space, complex structure, dense obstacles, and limited ventilation conditions, and when excavators operate in such working conditions, their action range is often significantly limited, and mechanical operation may have problems such as rotation difficulty, operation path obstruction, and frequent adjustment of posture, which leads to an increase in additional operation time and energy consumption, and further causes an increase in carbon emission level.

[0003] The existing building construction carbon emission calculation method is mostly based on empirical formula or emission coefficient of unit engineering quantity, and usually cannot reflect the dynamic energy consumption change of construction machinery under special space conditions. In limited operation scenes such as underground space, the traditional method is difficult to quantify the influence of space constraints on mechanical energy consumption, and cannot accurately evaluate whether the carbon emission in the construction process is reasonable. In addition, the existing monitoring means mostly rely on manual recording of oil consumption or post-processing of statistical data, lack of real-time and early warning capabilities, and are difficult to meet the needs of whole-process fine management.

[0004] With the popularization of BIM technology, engineering projects can accurately express the geometric information and construction progress of building components in a three-dimensional environment. However, the existing technology has not fully utilized the BIM model to construct the operation space model of construction machinery, nor has it combined the mechanical operation envelope with the dynamic obstacle model to calculate the degree of space limitation and further used for carbon emission prediction. Therefore, how to realize dynamic reachability analysis of excavator operation space based on BIM and construction progress, how to construct the mapping relationship between limited space features and mechanical carbon emission, and how to realize real-time monitoring and early warning are technical problems that have not been solved in the current field. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a building whole-process carbon emission monitoring method and system based on a BIM model, which aims to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0006] The present application is implemented as follows: a building whole-process carbon emission monitoring method based on a BIM model, the method comprising: updating the obstacle model in the target underground space based on the BIM model and construction progress information, obtaining the mechanical parameters of the target excavator, and constructing the operation envelope model of the target excavator; Based on the operation envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model, the operation space accessibility index and the turning restriction index of the target excavator in the target underground space are calculated as the construction progress changes; The historical operation data of the target excavator are acquired, samples with the same construction scene and construction task type as the current working condition but different historical operation space accessibility index and historical turning restriction index are extracted, and the historical carbon emission parameters corresponding to each sample are acquired; Based on the samples, a mapping model of the operation space accessibility index, the turning restriction index and the carbon emission parameter is constructed, the real-time operation space accessibility index and the turning restriction index of the current working condition are substituted into the mapping model, and the predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition is calculated; The actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator in the current working condition is acquired, and when the deviation between the actual carbon emission parameter and the predicted carbon emission parameter exceeds a preset threshold, a monitoring and warning information is output.

[0007] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, based on the BIM model and the construction progress information, the obstacle model in the target underground space is updated, the mechanical parameters of the target excavator are acquired, and the operation envelope model of the target excavator is constructed, which includes the following steps: The three-dimensional geometric information of the obstacle components in the target underground space is extracted from the BIM model, and the obstacle components still existing in the current working condition are determined in combination with the construction progress information, and the obstacle model in the target underground space is constructed; The mechanical parameters of the target excavator are acquired, including the vehicle body size, the tail turning radius, the boom length, the stick length, the bucket size and the rotatable angle range of the boom and the stick of the target excavator; Based on the mechanical parameters, the occupied space model of the target excavator body, the turning envelope model of the upper vehicle body and the operation motion envelope of the boom-stick-bucket are constructed, and the occupied space model, the turning envelope model and the operation motion envelope are combined to construct the operation envelope model of the target excavator.

[0008] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, based on the operation envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model, the operation space accessibility index and the turning restriction index of the target excavator in the target underground space are calculated as the construction progress changes, which includes the following steps: Based on the operation envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model, three-dimensional space Boolean operation is performed to determine the reachable operation volume of the target excavator in the current working condition; The theoretical maximum operation volume of the target excavator under the condition of no obstruction is acquired, and the reachable operation volume and the theoretical maximum operation volume are normalized to obtain the operation space accessibility index; Discrete scanning is performed on the 0~360° rotation angle of the upper body of the excavator based on the work envelope model, and it is judged whether the work envelope model collides with the real-time updated obstacle model at each rotation angle; A ratio of a total angle of available rotation angle ranges without collision to 360° is taken as a rotation restriction index.

[0009] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, a mapping model of the work space accessibility index, the rotation restriction index and the carbon emission parameter is constructed based on samples, and the step of calculating the predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition by substituting the real-time work space accessibility index and the rotation restriction index of the current working condition into the mapping model includes: The historical work space accessibility index, the historical rotation restriction index and the corresponding historical carbon emission parameter of each sample are constructed as a training data set for mapping relationship modeling; The relationship between the work space accessibility index, the rotation restriction index and the carbon emission parameter is fitted based on the training data set using a regression analysis method to obtain a carbon emission mapping model; The real-time work space accessibility index and the rotation restriction index of the current working condition are substituted into the carbon emission mapping model to obtain the predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition.

[0010] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator in the current working condition is obtained, and when the deviation between the actual carbon emission parameter and the predicted carbon emission parameter exceeds a preset threshold, the step of outputting monitoring and warning information includes: The real-time fuel consumption value of the target excavator in the current working condition and the diesel carbon emission coefficient of the target excavator are obtained to calculate the actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator; The actual carbon emission parameter is compared with the predicted carbon emission parameter to generate a carbon emission deviation; When the carbon emission deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the corresponding monitoring and warning information is output.

[0011] A building whole-process carbon emission monitoring system based on a BIM model, the system comprises: A space model construction module is configured to update an obstacle model in a target underground space based on a BIM model and construction progress information, obtain mechanical parameters of a target excavator, and construct a work envelope model of the target excavator; A construction feasibility analysis module is configured to calculate a work space accessibility index and a rotation restriction index of the target excavator in the target underground space varying with the construction progress based on the work envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model; The historical sample extraction module is configured to obtain historical operation data of the target excavator, and extract samples in which a construction scene and a construction task type are consistent with a current working condition, but a historical operation space accessibility index and a historical rotation restriction index are different from the current working condition, and obtain historical carbon emission parameters corresponding to each sample; The carbon emission prediction module is configured to construct a mapping model of the operation space accessibility index, the rotation restriction index and the carbon emission parameter based on the samples, and calculate a predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition by substituting real-time operation space accessibility index and rotation restriction index of the current working condition into the mapping model. The monitoring and early warning module is configured to obtain an actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator in the current working condition, and output monitoring and early warning information when a deviation between the actual carbon emission parameter and the predicted carbon emission parameter exceeds a preset threshold.

[0012] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the space model construction module specifically comprises: The obstacle extraction unit is configured to extract three-dimensional geometric information of obstacle components in the target underground space from the BIM model, and determine obstacle components still existing in the current working condition in combination with construction progress information, and construct an obstacle model in the target underground space. The parameter acquisition unit is configured to obtain mechanical parameters of the target excavator, including a vehicle body size, a tail rotation radius, a boom length, a stick length, a bucket size, and a rotatable angle range of the boom and the stick. The envelope construction unit is configured to construct an occupied space model of the target excavator body, a rotation envelope model of the upper vehicle body, and a work motion envelope of the boom-stick-bucket based on the mechanical parameters, and combine the occupied space model, the rotation envelope model and the work motion envelope to construct a work envelope model of the target excavator.

[0013] As a further limitation of the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present application, the construction feasibility analysis module specifically comprises: The reachable volume calculation unit is configured to perform three-dimensional space Boolean operation based on the work envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model to determine a reachable work volume of the target excavator in the current working condition. The accessibility index unit is configured to obtain a theoretical maximum work volume of the target excavator under no-shielding condition, and perform normalization processing on the reachable work volume and the theoretical maximum work volume to obtain an operation space accessibility index. The rotation scanning unit is configured to discretely scan 0-360° rotation angles of the upper vehicle body of the excavator based on the work envelope model, and determine whether the work envelope model collides with the real-time updated obstacle model at each rotation angle. A restricted index calculation unit configured to calculate a rotation restricted index as a ratio of a total angle of an available rotation angle range in which no collision exists to 360 degrees.

[0014] As a further limitation of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the carbon emission prediction module specifically comprises: A data set construction unit configured to construct the historical job space accessibility index, the historical rotation restricted index and the corresponding historical carbon emission parameter of each sample into a training data set for mapping relationship modeling; A model fitting unit configured to fit the relationship between the job space accessibility index, the rotation restricted index and the carbon emission parameter by using a regression analysis method based on the training data set, to obtain a carbon emission mapping model; A parameter prediction unit configured to substitute the real-time job space accessibility index and the rotation restricted index of the current working condition into the carbon emission mapping model, to calculate a predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition.

[0015] As a further limitation of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the monitoring and early warning module specifically comprises: An actual carbon emission calculation unit configured to obtain a real-time fuel consumption value of the target excavator in the current working condition and a diesel carbon emission coefficient of the target excavator, to calculate an actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator; A deviation generation unit configured to compare the actual carbon emission parameter with the predicted carbon emission parameter, to generate a carbon emission deviation; An early warning output unit configured to output corresponding monitoring and early warning information when the carbon emission deviation exceeds a preset threshold.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application combines the BIM model with the excavator job envelope analysis, for the first time quantifies the space restricted degree in underground space construction into a job space accessibility index and a rotation restricted index, and further constructs a mapping model therebetween, to realize accurate prediction of carbon emission in underground space construction. The present application not only can obtain an actual carbon emission parameter in real time, but also can dynamically compare it with a predicted value, to output early warning information in time when the deviation exceeds a threshold, so as to effectively identify abnormal energy consumption conditions caused by changes in space restriction, equipment abnormalities or improper operation.

[0017] The present application aims at the problem that the underground space environment is complex and mechanical operation is significantly limited, and provides a whole-process, dynamic and data-driven carbon emission monitoring method, which can significantly improve the energy consumption management accuracy in the construction phase, help to reduce unnecessary energy waste, and improve construction efficiency and equipment use safety. Since the method is based on a BIM model, it is suitable for multiple construction scenes and has good scalability and engineering application prospects, which can provide technical support for urban underground space construction, green construction management and smart construction site construction, and promote the development of low-carbon engineering machinery and intelligent construction process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 2 A flowchart of constructing a space model in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 3 A flowchart of analyzing construction feasibility in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 4 A flowchart of calculating predicted carbon emission parameters in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 5 A flowchart of outputting monitoring and early warning information in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 6 An application architecture diagram of the system provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 7 A structural block diagram of a space model construction module in the system provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 8 A structural block diagram of a construction feasibility analysis module in the system provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 9 A structural block diagram of a carbon emission prediction module in the system provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. Figure 10 A structural block diagram of a monitoring and early warning module in the system provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0021] Specifically, a building whole-process carbon emission monitoring method based on a BIM model, the method specifically comprises the following steps: Step S100, updating the obstacle model in the target underground space based on the BIM model and the construction progress information, obtaining the mechanical parameters of the target excavator, and constructing the working envelope model of the target excavator.

[0022] Specifically, Figure 2 A flowchart for constructing a space model is shown.

[0023] The updating of the obstacle model in the target underground space based on the BIM model and the construction progress information, the obtaining of the mechanical parameters of the target excavator, and the construction of the working envelope model of the target excavator specifically include the following steps: Step S101, extracting the three-dimensional geometric information of the obstacle components in the target underground space from the BIM model, and determining the obstacle components still existing under the current working condition in combination with the construction progress information, to construct the obstacle model in the target underground space; Step S102, obtaining the mechanical parameters of the target excavator, including the vehicle body size, tail rotation radius, boom length, stick length, bucket size, and rotatable angle range of the boom and stick of the target excavator; Step S103, constructing the occupied space model of the target excavator body, the rotation envelope model of the upper vehicle body, and the working motion envelope of the boom-stick-bucket based on the mechanical parameters, and combining the occupied space model, the rotation envelope model, and the working motion envelope to construct the working envelope model of the target excavator.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present application, the obstacle components mainly include building and construction elements that interfere with the walking, rotation, or boom operation of the excavator, such as beams, columns, shear walls, ordinary walls, floor bottoms, pile caps, foundations, buttresses, staircases, equipment foundations, and mechanical and electrical components such as pipelines, air pipes, and cable bridges passing through the underground space. Temporary supports, support structures, heap area boundaries, and temporary components that have been constructed but have not been removed can also be included. The above-mentioned various obstacle components usually exist in the form of families or components in the BIM model, with their own geometric shapes and positional relationships. The three-dimensional geometric information of the obstacle components in the target underground space in the present application includes but is not limited to: the spatial position of the component in the three-dimensional coordinate system (such as the component base point coordinates, the insertion point coordinates), the size parameters of the component (such as length, width, height, radius, thickness, etc.), the geometric shape type of the component (such as cuboid, cylinder, plate, shell, irregular cross section, etc.), the spatial attitude information of the component (such as local coordinate system, rotation angle, inclination angle), and triangular mesh data or boundary representation (B-Rep) data for three-dimensional rendering or collision detection. By reading the above-mentioned three-dimensional geometric information in the BIM model, the spatial distribution of all obstacle components that affect the operation of the excavator in the target underground space can be reconstructed in a unified engineering coordinate system.

[0025] Construction progress information is used in the present application to identify which obstacle members still exist in the current working condition, which have been removed or have not been constructed. The construction progress information can be derived from a BIM-based progress simulation model (4D BIM), a construction plan management system, a field construction log or a progress feedback system, etc. Specifically, the construction progress information at least includes a construction phase identifier corresponding to the current time or the current construction process, and a construction state attribute corresponding to each BIM member, such as a state field of "not constructed", "under construction", "constructed", "to be removed", "removed", etc. In one embodiment, the planned start time, the planned completion time and the actual completion time of the BIM member can be pre-bound on the BIM member, and at the time point corresponding to the current working condition, whether the member actually exists in the current working condition can be determined by comparing the current time with the planned / actual time of the member in combination with the member state identifier; in another embodiment, the construction completion and removal completion markers of the member can be directly written to the BIM model by the construction platform. When the obstacle members still existing in the current working condition are determined, the construction state attributes of all members can be traversed in the present application embodiment, only the members with a state of "constructed and not removed", "under construction", etc. indicating the existence of entities in the field are included in the obstacle set, and the members with a state of "not constructed", "removed", etc. indicating the non-existence in the field are excluded from the current obstacle set, so as to obtain a target underground space obstacle member set consistent with the current construction progress.

[0026] The obstacle model in the present application embodiment is not a single formula, but a three-dimensional geometric model set obtained after geometric integration of the obstacle members in the target underground space in the current working condition. Specifically, the obstacle model can be abstractly represented as a set composed of a plurality of obstacle geometric bodies , wherein each represents a three-dimensional entity geometry of an obstacle member in a unified coordinate system. Each can adopt a boundary representation form (such as a polygonal mesh composed of vertices, edges and faces), or a regular geometric body parameter form (such as the length, width and height of a cuboid and its position and orientation in space, the radius and height of a cylinder and its position, etc.), and in implementation, the member geometry can be directly reused from the member geometry data derived by the BIM software, or can be simplified in the calculation module of the present application, such as wrapping a complex member with a cuboid or a cylinder, so as to reduce the calculation amount of subsequent Boolean operation and collision detection. Therefore, the obstacle model essentially reflects the geometric combination of all obstacle members in the target underground space in the current construction phase, which can be logically understood as the above-mentioned geometric body set, or can be regarded as the union of these geometric bodies for three-dimensional space operation with the working envelope model of the target excavator.

[0027] In one embodiment, each obstacle member in the target underground space can be represented as a three-dimensional geometric set , wherein is a set of vertex coordinates, is a set of triangular facets. Construction progress information includes planned removal time of the member , construction time point , construction area level information, etc. In combination with the construction progress, it can be judged whether the member still exists based on the following rules: ; Thus, the obstacle model under the current working condition is obtained: ; The obstacle model is a set of members that still exist, which is used for subsequent three-dimensional space Boolean operations.

[0028] Mechanical parameters include the body size of the target excavator , tail swing radius , boom length , stick length , bucket size , and the rotatable angle range of the boom and stick .

[0029] Specifically, step S103 first constructs an occupied space model of the target excavator body according to the mechanical parameters. The occupied space model is used to express the volume range occupied by the excavator body itself in three-dimensional space when the movement of the boom and stick is not considered. The excavator chassis, upper body and other structures can be simplified into one or more cuboids, cylinders or combinations, for example, the track area is simplified into a cuboid, the upper body is simplified into a cuboid or cylinder that fits its outer contour, and the length, width and height of these geometric bodies, radius and other parameters are determined through the body size in the mechanical parameters, while the position and orientation of the occupied space model in the coordinate system are determined through the placement position of the excavator in the target underground space. In one lower embodiment, the excavator body occupied space model can be represented as a cuboid:

[0030] The rotation envelope of the upper body can be represented as: ; And the occupied space under different rotation angles is obtained through the rotation matrix : .

[0031] The work motion envelope is represented by forward kinematics. The position of the bucket tip can be represented by: ; The work motion envelope is a set of positions under all angle combinations: .

[0032] Finally, the working envelope model of the excavator can be represented by the following formula: .

[0033] Then, during the operation of the excavator, the upper vehicle body can generally rotate around the rotation center within a range of 0-360°, and the volume swept by the outer contour of the upper vehicle body in space during rotation is the rotation envelope. In specific implementation, the occupied geometry of the upper vehicle body can be simplified as an envelope geometry (such as a cuboid or a cylinder) representing the outer contour, and the geometry is discretely rotated within a range of 0-360° with the rotation center as the axis, and the union operation is performed on the geometry corresponding to each discrete angle to form a continuous rotation body model. The rotation envelope model reflects the spatial region in which the tail of the excavator can collide under the condition that there is no obstacle, and is an important basis for subsequent judgment of the degree of rotation restriction.

[0034] Further, the boom, stick and bucket can be regarded as a multi-link mechanism with a hinged relationship, and within the range of the allowed rotation angle, all positions that the bucket endpoint can reach in space constitute a working space boundary. In specific implementation, the rotation center of the upper vehicle body or the boom hinged point can be taken as a reference, the discrete values of the boom elevation angle, the stick pitch angle and the bucket roll angle within their respective allowed angle ranges are traversed, the geometric positions of the bucket outer contour under each group of angle combinations are solved, and a three-dimensional volume region swept by the bucket is constructed according to these positions; at the same time, the bucket width and a certain operation safety margin can be considered, and the region is appropriately inflated to cover the digging, grading, backfilling and other action regions that can occur in actual operation of the excavator. By performing union operation on the bucket space volumes corresponding to all angle combinations, the working motion envelope of the boom-stick-bucket is obtained, and the envelope describes the theoretically reachable earthwork space range of the excavator under the condition that there is no obstacle.

[0035] After constructing the occupied space model, the rotation envelope model and the working motion envelope, the working envelope model of the target excavator is constructed by combining the above three space volumes. Specifically, the working envelope model can be represented as the union of the three volumes, representing the overall spatial range involved in the body occupation, rotation and working action of the excavator under the current arrangement position and without obstacles.

[0036] Further, the building whole-process carbon emission monitoring method based on the BIM model further includes the following steps: Step S200, based on the working envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model, calculating the working space accessibility index and the rotation restriction index of the target excavator in the target underground space with the construction progress.

[0037] In particular, Figure 3 A flow chart for analyzing construction feasibility is shown.

[0038] The calculation of the work space accessibility index and the turning restriction index of the target excavator in the target underground space changing with the construction progress based on the work envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model specifically includes the following steps: Step S201, performing three-dimensional space Boolean operation based on the work envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model to determine the reachable work volume of the target excavator under the current working condition; Step S202, obtaining the theoretical maximum work volume of the target excavator under the condition of no obstruction, and normalizing the reachable work volume and the theoretical maximum work volume to obtain the work space accessibility index; Step S203, discretely scanning the 0~360° turning angle of the upper body of the excavator based on the work envelope model, and judging whether the work envelope model collides with the real-time updated obstacle model under each turning angle; Step S204, taking the ratio of the total angle of the available turning angle range without collision to 360° as the turning restriction index.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the three-dimensional space Boolean operation can be understood as a geometric relationship operation on two three-dimensional geometric bodies, including intersection, difference, union, etc. In this embodiment, the work envelope model represents the three-dimensional space shape that the excavator can reach under different postures and different work actions, and the real-time updated obstacle model represents the structural members, construction enclosures, temporary supports, etc. that still exist under the current working condition. By performing geometric difference operation on the work envelope model and the obstacle model, the work space that the excavator can actually reach after deducting the obstacle region, i.e. the reachable work volume, can be obtained. The three-dimensional Boolean operation can use a voxel-based Boolean calculation method, or a mesh-based geometric Boolean algorithm to ensure that the reachable region volume of the excavator can still be accurately obtained under complex space environment.

[0040] The theoretical maximum work volume can be obtained by placing the work envelope model in an open space without any obstacles, and traversing the entire action range of the work envelope model. Specifically, the boom, stick, bucket of the excavator all have a certain range of rotatable angles. By traversing these angles in an unrestricted environment, and combining mechanical parameters such as excavating radius, work depth, maximum reachable height, etc., the entire possible space shape that the excavator can reach can be constructed, and its enclosing volume is the theoretical maximum work volume.

[0041] The normalization processing can adopt a volume ratio manner, i.e., dividing the reachable operation volume by the theoretical maximum operation volume, so that the obtained operation space reachability index is limited in the range of 0-1. When the index is 1, it indicates that the operation space is not limited; when the index tends to 0, it indicates that the limitation of the operation space is more serious.

[0042] The discrete scanning refers to dividing a continuous rotation angle range into a plurality of discrete angle points according to a fixed angle interval (for example, 1°, 2° or 5°), and generating a corresponding operation envelope model posture at each discrete angle point. For each discrete rotation angle, the system respectively judges whether the operation envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model have geometric overlap. If a collision occurs at a certain angle, it is considered that the angle cannot be used for normal rotation of the excavator; otherwise, the angle can be used. The discrete scanning method can effectively reduce the calculation amount while ensuring the calculation accuracy, so that the rotation restriction analysis in the real-time construction process is operable.

[0043] The total angle refers to the cumulative sum of all usable angle increments in the entire discrete angle set of 0-360°. For example, when a scanning interval of 1° is adopted, if 200 angle points are available, the total amount of available angles is 200°. Dividing the total amount of angles by 360°, i.e., the rotation restriction index, the numerical range is also 0-1. When the index is closer to 1, it indicates that the rotation action of the excavator is almost not limited; when the index is close to 0, it indicates that the rotation action is severely restricted. The index can accurately quantify the constraint degree of the obstacles in the underground space on the rotation operation of the excavator.

[0044] Further, the building whole-process carbon emission monitoring method based on the BIM model further includes the following steps: Step S300, obtaining the historical operation data of the target excavator, extracting samples with the same construction scene and construction task type as the current working condition, but different historical operation space reachability index and historical rotation restriction index from the current working condition, and obtaining the historical carbon emission parameters corresponding to each sample.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the historical operation data of the target excavator can be obtained through an oil consumption collection device arranged at the construction site, an interface of the control system of the excavator itself, a construction scheduling system or an Internet of Things collection terminal, etc. The historical operation data can include oil consumption data, operation time, excavator posture change record, equipment position change data, construction progress record, operation action sequence, etc. In the embodiment, the current working condition is usually an underground space construction scene, such as a basement, a pipe gallery, a demolition, excavation or obstacle removal operation in a foundation pit, so when the samples are selected from the historical operation data, the historical records of the excavator in a similar underground space construction scene are preferentially selected. By comparing the operation space attributes, geographical environment types, and the degree of closure of the construction site recorded in the historical data, the historical operation entries belonging to the underground space environment can be identified.

[0046] The construction task type usually includes demolition, earth excavation, backfilling, hoisting assistance, etc. Since the energy consumption structure and action mode of different construction tasks are different, the embodiment selects the historical samples according to the principle of matching the construction task type of the current working condition. For example, if the current working condition task is demolition, the samples of the same demolition task in the historical data are preferentially selected, so that the action mode is consistent and the problem of incomparable carbon emission data caused by the difference in task type is avoided.

[0047] The historical operation space accessibility index and the historical rotation restriction index corresponding to the sample can be calculated by the same calculation method as the current one, that is, based on the obstacle model and the operation envelope model at the time of the historical operation, the three-dimensional space Boolean operation, the rotation angle scanning and other steps are used to obtain. Since the obstacle distribution of the historical working condition is different from that of the current working condition, the historical operation space accessibility index and the historical rotation restriction index are usually different, which provides sufficient data diversity for establishing the mapping model.

[0048] The historical carbon emission parameter of each historical sample can be calculated by combining the historical oil consumption record with the corresponding diesel carbon emission coefficient of the excavator. The historical carbon emission parameter reflects the actual energy consumption and emission level of the excavator in the historical working condition, and together with the corresponding historical operation space accessibility index and historical rotation restriction index, it constitutes the features and labels of each sample in the training data set.

[0049] Further, the BIM model-based building whole-process carbon emission monitoring method further comprises the following steps: Step S400, based on the samples, a mapping model of the operation space accessibility index, the rotation restriction index and the carbon emission parameter is constructed, the real-time operation space accessibility index and the rotation restriction index of the current working condition are substituted into the mapping model, and the predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition is calculated.

[0050] Specifically, Figure 4A flowchart of calculating the predicted carbon emission parameter is shown.

[0051] The mapping model of the work space accessibility index, the turning restriction index and the carbon emission parameter is constructed based on the samples, and the predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition is calculated by substituting the real-time work space accessibility index and the turning restriction index of the current working condition into the mapping model, and specifically includes the following steps: Step S401, the historical work space accessibility index, the historical turning restriction index and the corresponding historical carbon emission parameter of each sample are constructed as a training data set for mapping relationship modeling; Step S402, the relationship between the work space accessibility index, the turning restriction index and the carbon emission parameter is fitted by using a regression analysis method based on the training data set, and a carbon emission mapping model is obtained; Step S403, the real-time work space accessibility index and the turning restriction index of the current working condition are substituted into the carbon emission mapping model, and the predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition is calculated.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, the step of constructing the mapping model includes the following contents: first, the historical work space accessibility index, the historical turning restriction index of the filtered historical samples and the corresponding historical carbon emission parameter of each sample are constructed as a training data set. The training data set is composed of feature data and label data, wherein the feature data includes the historical work space accessibility index and the historical turning restriction index reflecting the space restriction degree, and the label data is the corresponding historical carbon emission parameter. In the process of constructing the training data set, each historical sample can be represented as a sample vector containing two input features and one output parameter, for example , wherein represents the historical work space accessibility index, represents the historical turning restriction index, represents the corresponding historical carbon emission parameter. By collecting a plurality of sample vectors, a training data set for modeling can be formed. The training data set can cover different space restriction combinations that may occur in the current working condition, and improve the generalization ability and robustness of the mapping model.

[0053] Secondly, based on the training dataset, a regression analysis method is used to fit the relationship between the job space accessibility index, the rotation restriction index and the carbon emission parameter. The regression analysis method can select linear regression, polynomial regression, ridge regression, random forest regression, support vector regression and other model types according to actual needs. The basic principle is to find a set of parameters in the training dataset, so that the error between the predicted carbon emission value output by the model and the historical carbon emission parameter in the sample is minimized. During the fitting process, the model parameters can be solved by least squares method, regularization method or gradient-based optimization method, so that the model can as accurately as possible describe the influence law of the job space accessibility index and the rotation restriction index on the carbon emission parameter. If necessary, cross-validation can also be performed based on the training dataset to further improve the model fitting quality and avoid overfitting.

[0054] After the fitting is completed, the obtained model constitutes a carbon emission mapping model. The mapping model takes the job space accessibility index and the rotation restriction index as input and the carbon emission parameter of the excavator as output, and can reflect the carbon emission behavior of the excavator under different space restriction conditions. The carbon emission mapping model can be an explicit mathematical expression, for example , wherein represents the function relationship obtained by fitting; or a machine learning model in the form of training parameters, such as a regression model based on tree structure or a nonlinear mapping model based on kernel function. Regardless of the form, the carbon emission mapping model can output the corresponding predicted carbon emission value according to the input space accessibility index and rotation restriction index.

[0055] Further, the building whole-process carbon emission monitoring method based on the BIM model further comprises the following steps: Step S500, obtaining the actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator in the current working condition, and outputting monitoring warning information when the deviation between the actual carbon emission parameter and the predicted carbon emission parameter exceeds the preset threshold.

[0056] Specifically, Figure 5 The flowchart of outputting the monitoring warning information is shown.

[0057] Among them, obtaining the actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator in the current working condition, and outputting monitoring warning information when the deviation between the actual carbon emission parameter and the predicted carbon emission parameter exceeds the preset threshold specifically comprises the following steps: Step S501, obtaining the real-time fuel consumption value of the target excavator in the current working condition and the diesel carbon emission coefficient of the target excavator, and calculating the actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator; Step S502, comparing the actual carbon emission parameter with the predicted carbon emission parameter to generate a carbon emission deviation; Step S503, when the carbon emission deviation exceeds the preset threshold, output the corresponding monitoring warning information.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present application, the real-time fuel consumption value of the target excavator in the current working condition and the corresponding diesel carbon emission coefficient are obtained, and the actual carbon emission parameter in the current working condition is calculated accordingly. The diesel carbon emission coefficient refers to the amount of carbon dioxide emission per unit volume or unit mass of diesel fuel after combustion, which is an industry-recognized fixed parameter. For example, the diesel CO2 emission factor published in national or industry standards can be used. This coefficient is usually expressed in the form of "kg CO2 / L diesel" or "kg CO2 / kg diesel". Based on this carbon emission coefficient, the actual carbon emission parameter of the excavator in the current working condition can be calculated by multiplying the real-time fuel consumption value by the diesel carbon emission coefficient. For example, if the diesel consumption per unit time is , the diesel carbon emission coefficient is , then the corresponding actual carbon emission parameter can be expressed as .

[0059] Secondly, the actual carbon emission parameter calculated is compared with the predicted carbon emission parameter obtained based on the mapping model to generate the corresponding carbon emission deviation. The carbon emission deviation can be calculated by the difference between the two, for example, by using the method of "actual carbon emission parameter-predicted carbon emission parameter", to obtain the carbon emission deviation of the excavator in the current working condition. The greater the deviation, the more the fuel consumption or operating state of the excavator deviates from the normal level, which may indicate problems such as increased resistance, limited operation, equipment failure or unreasonable operation.

[0060] Thirdly, when the carbon emission deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the system outputs the corresponding monitoring warning information. The preset threshold can be set based on historical data statistics, equipment operation experience or energy saving and emission standards to ensure that abnormalities can be detected in time and false alarms can be avoided due to slight fluctuations. The threshold can be a fixed value, or it can be dynamically adjusted according to the construction phase, equipment type or work load to improve the applicability and accuracy of the warning.

[0061] The monitoring warning information can include a prompt of the current carbon emission anomaly, an indication of the deviation degree, a suggestion to check the operating state of the excavator, or a prompt to further optimize the operation path or working method of the construction organization. The significance of the monitoring warning information is that when the actual carbon emission parameter is significantly higher than the predicted carbon emission parameter, the system can timely reflect the abnormal working condition or unreasonable operation behavior that may exist in the construction process. The predicted carbon emission parameter is the theoretical energy consumption level calculated by the mapping model based on the work space accessibility index and the swing limitation index of the current working condition, while the actual carbon emission parameter is calculated from the real-time fuel consumption value. Therefore, the deviation between the two can directly reveal whether there is an additional energy source in the actual operation of the excavator.

[0062] When the deviation exceeds the preset threshold and the monitoring warning information is output, the construction management personnel can identify various potential problems according to the monitoring warning information, for example, energy consumption increase caused by frequent adjustment of the excavator operation posture, abnormal oil consumption caused by the actual operation path being more complex than the prediction, long idle time existing in the construction process, low efficiency caused by non-standard operation of the excavator, or additional detour caused by untimely obstacle cleaning. By obtaining the monitoring warning information in a timely manner, the construction party can assist in adjusting and optimizing the operation process, reduce energy waste, improve construction efficiency, and achieve fine control of the carbon emission level in the whole process.

[0063] Further, Figure 6 An application architecture diagram of the system provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0064] In another preferred embodiment provided by the present application, a building whole-process carbon emission monitoring system based on a BIM model comprises: A space model construction module 100 is configured to update an obstacle model in a target underground space based on a BIM model and construction progress information, obtain mechanical parameters of a target excavator, and construct an operation envelope model of the target excavator.

[0065] Specifically, Figure 7 A structure block diagram of the space model construction module 100 in the system provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0066] In the preferred embodiment provided by the present application, the space model construction module 100 specifically comprises: An obstacle extraction unit 101 is configured to extract three-dimensional geometric information of obstacle components in a target underground space from a BIM model, determine obstacle components still existing under a current working condition in combination with construction progress information, and construct an obstacle model in the target underground space; A parameter acquisition unit 102 is configured to obtain mechanical parameters of a target excavator, wherein the mechanical parameters include a vehicle body size, a tail rotation radius, an arm length, a stick length, a bucket size, and a rotatable angle range of the arm and the stick of the target excavator; An envelope construction unit 103 is configured to construct an occupied space model of a body of the target excavator, a rotation envelope model of an upper vehicle body, and an operation motion envelope of the arm-stick-bucket based on the mechanical parameters, and combine the occupied space model, the rotation envelope model, and the operation motion envelope to construct an operation envelope model of the target excavator.

[0067] Further, the building whole-process carbon emission monitoring system based on the BIM model further comprises: The construction feasibility analysis module 200 is configured to calculate the work space accessibility index and the swing restriction index of the target excavator in the target underground space with the construction progress based on the work envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model.

[0068] Specifically, Figure 8 A structural block diagram of the construction feasibility analysis module 200 in the system provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0069] In the preferred embodiment provided by the present application, the construction feasibility analysis module 200 specifically includes: The reachable volume calculation unit 201 is configured to perform three-dimensional space Boolean operation based on the work envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model to determine the reachable work volume of the target excavator under the current working condition. The accessibility index unit 202 is configured to obtain the theoretical maximum work volume of the target excavator under the condition of no obstruction, and perform normalization processing on the reachable work volume and the theoretical maximum work volume to obtain the work space accessibility index. The swing scanning unit 203 is configured to perform discrete scanning on the 0-360° swing angle of the upper body of the excavator based on the work envelope model, and determine whether the work envelope model collides with the real-time updated obstacle model under each swing angle. The restricted index calculation unit 204 is configured to take the ratio of the total angle of the available swing angle range without collision to 360° as the swing restriction index.

[0070] Further, the building whole-process carbon emission monitoring system based on the BIM model further includes: The historical sample extraction module 300 is configured to obtain the historical work data of the target excavator, extract samples with the same construction scene and construction task type as the current working condition, but different historical work space accessibility index and historical swing restriction index from the current working condition, and obtain the historical carbon emission parameters corresponding to each sample.

[0071] Further, the building whole-process carbon emission monitoring system based on the BIM model further includes: The carbon emission prediction module 400 is configured to construct a mapping model of the work space accessibility index, the swing restriction index and the carbon emission parameter based on the samples, and calculate the predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition by substituting the real-time work space accessibility index and the swing restriction index of the current working condition into the mapping model.

[0072] Specifically, Figure 9 A structural block diagram of the carbon emission prediction module 400 in the system provided by the embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0073] In the preferred embodiments provided by the present application, the carbon emission prediction module 400 specifically comprises: a data set construction unit 401 configured to construct the historical job space accessibility index, the historical swing restriction index and the corresponding historical carbon emission parameter of each sample into a training data set for mapping relationship modeling; a model fitting unit 402 configured to fit the relationship between the job space accessibility index, the swing restriction index and the carbon emission parameter based on the training data set by using a regression analysis method, to obtain a carbon emission mapping model; a parameter prediction unit 403 configured to substitute the real-time job space accessibility index and the swing restriction index of the current working condition into the carbon emission mapping model, to calculate the predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition.

[0074] Further, the building whole-process carbon emission monitoring system based on the BIM model further comprises: a monitoring and early warning module 500 configured to obtain the actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator in the current working condition, and output monitoring and early warning information when the deviation between the actual carbon emission parameter and the predicted carbon emission parameter exceeds a preset threshold.

[0075] Specifically, Figure 10 FIG. 6 shows a structure block diagram of the monitoring and early warning module 500 in the system provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0076] In the preferred embodiments provided by the present application, the monitoring and early warning module 500 specifically comprises: an actual carbon emission calculation unit 501 configured to obtain the real-time fuel consumption value of the target excavator in the current working condition and the diesel carbon emission coefficient of the target excavator, to calculate the actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator; a deviation generation unit 502 configured to compare the actual carbon emission parameter with the predicted carbon emission parameter, to generate a carbon emission deviation amount; a warning output unit 503 configured to output corresponding monitoring and early warning information when the carbon emission deviation amount exceeds a preset threshold.

[0077] It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments of the present application are shown in a certain order according to the arrows, the steps are not necessarily executed in the order of the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, the execution of the steps is not strictly limited in order, and the steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the embodiments can include a plurality of sub-steps or a plurality of stages, which are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and the execution order of the sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be round-robin or alternately executed with at least some of the other steps or sub-steps or stages of the other steps.

[0078] It can be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiments can be completed by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a non-volatile computer readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the above-mentioned embodiments of the methods. Any reference to memory, storage, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided in the present application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration but not limitation, RAM is available in various forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0079] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined in any way. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described, but as long as the combination of the technical features does not exist contradictory, it should be considered as the scope of the present application.

[0080] The above embodiments only express several implementation manners of the present application, which are described in a more specific and detailed manner, but should not be understood as a limitation on the patent scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for ordinary skilled persons in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which are all within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

[0081] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and should not be used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring carbon emissions of a building throughout its life cycle based on a BIM model, characterized in that, The method comprises: updating an obstacle model in a target underground space based on a BIM model and construction progress information, obtaining mechanical parameters of a target excavator, and constructing a working envelope model of the target excavator; based on the working envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model, calculating the working space accessibility index and the rotation restriction index of the target excavator in the target underground space changing with the construction progress; obtaining historical working data of the target excavator, extracting samples whose construction scene and construction task type are consistent with the current working condition, but whose historical working space accessibility index and historical rotation restriction index are different from the current working condition, and obtaining the corresponding historical carbon emission parameters of each sample; based on the samples, constructing a mapping model of the working space accessibility index, the rotation restriction index and the carbon emission parameter, substituting the real-time working space accessibility index and the rotation restriction index of the current working condition into the mapping model, and calculating the predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition; obtaining the actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator in the current working condition, and outputting monitoring and warning information when the deviation between the actual carbon emission parameter and the predicted carbon emission parameter exceeds a preset threshold.

2. The building life cycle carbon emission monitoring method based on the BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of updating the obstacle model in the target underground space based on the BIM model and the construction progress information, obtaining the mechanical parameters of the target excavator, and constructing the working envelope model of the target excavator comprise: extracting three-dimensional geometric information of obstacle components in the target underground space from the BIM model, and determining obstacle components still existing in the current working condition in combination with the construction progress information, to construct an obstacle model in the target underground space; obtaining mechanical parameters of the target excavator, including the size of the vehicle body, the tail rotation radius, the length of the boom, the length of the stick, the size of the bucket, and the rotatable angle range of the boom and the stick; based on the mechanical parameters, constructing an occupied space model of the target excavator body, a rotation envelope model of the upper vehicle body, and a working motion envelope of the boom-stick-bucket, and combining the occupied space model, the rotation envelope model and the working motion envelope to construct a working envelope model of the target excavator.

3. The building life cycle carbon emission monitoring method based on BIM model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps of calculating the working space accessibility index and the rotation restriction index of the target excavator in the target underground space changing with the construction progress based on the working envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model comprise: performing three-dimensional space Boolean operation based on the working envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model to determine the reachable working volume of the target excavator in the current working condition; obtaining the theoretical maximum working volume of the target excavator under the condition of no occlusion, and performing normalization processing on the reachable working volume and the theoretical maximum working volume to obtain the working space accessibility index; discretely scanning the 0-360° rotation angle of the excavator upper vehicle body based on the working envelope model, and judging whether the working envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model collide at each rotation angle; taking the ratio of the total angle of the available rotation angle range without collision to 360° as the rotation restriction index.

4. The building life cycle carbon emission monitoring method based on BIM model according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mapping model of the work space accessibility index, the swing restriction index and the carbon emission parameter is constructed based on samples, and the predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition is calculated by substituting the real-time work space accessibility index and the swing restriction index of the current working condition into the mapping model, which includes the following steps: The historical work space accessibility index, the historical swing restriction index and the corresponding historical carbon emission parameter of each sample are constructed as a training data set for mapping relationship modeling; The relationship between the work space accessibility index, the swing restriction index and the carbon emission parameter is fitted by using a regression analysis method based on the training data set, and a carbon emission mapping model is obtained; The predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition is calculated by substituting the real-time work space accessibility index and the swing restriction index of the current working condition into the carbon emission mapping model.

5. The building life cycle carbon emission monitoring method based on BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator in the current working condition is obtained, and when the deviation between the actual carbon emission parameter and the predicted carbon emission parameter exceeds a preset threshold, monitoring and early warning information is output, which includes the following steps: The real-time fuel consumption value of the target excavator in the current working condition and the diesel carbon emission coefficient of the target excavator are obtained, and the actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator is calculated; The actual carbon emission parameter and the predicted carbon emission parameter are compared to generate a carbon emission deviation; When the carbon emission deviation exceeds the preset threshold, the corresponding monitoring and early warning information is output.

6. A BIM model-based building whole-process carbon emission monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes: A space model construction module is configured to update an obstacle model in a target underground space based on a BIM model and construction progress information, obtain mechanical parameters of a target excavator, and construct a work envelope model of the target excavator; A construction feasibility analysis module is configured to calculate a work space accessibility index and a swing restriction index of the target excavator in the target underground space that change with the construction progress based on the work envelope model and the real-time updated obstacle model; A historical sample extraction module is configured to obtain historical work data of the target excavator, extract samples whose construction scene and construction task type are consistent with the current working condition but whose historical work space accessibility index and historical swing restriction index are different from those of the current working condition, and obtain historical carbon emission parameters corresponding to the samples; A carbon emission prediction module is configured to construct a mapping model of the work space accessibility index, the swing restriction index and the carbon emission parameter based on the samples, substitute the real-time work space accessibility index and the swing restriction index of the current working condition into the mapping model, and calculate a predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition; A monitoring and early warning module is configured to obtain an actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator in the current working condition, and output monitoring and early warning information when the deviation between the actual carbon emission parameter and the predicted carbon emission parameter exceeds a preset threshold.

7. The building lifecycle carbon emission monitoring system based on BIM model according to claim 6, characterized in that, The space model construction module specifically includes: An obstacle extraction unit is configured to extract three-dimensional geometric information of obstacle components in the target underground space from a BIM model, determine obstacle components still existing in the current working condition in combination with construction progress information, and construct an obstacle model in the target underground space; A parameter acquisition unit is configured to acquire target excavator mechanical parameters, including a vehicle body size, a tail swing radius, a boom length, a stick length, a bucket size, and a rotatable angle range of the boom and the stick of the target excavator. An envelope construction unit is configured to construct an occupied space model of the target excavator body, a swing envelope model of the upper vehicle body, and a working motion envelope of the boom-stick-bucket based on the mechanical parameters, and combine the occupied space model, the swing envelope model, and the working motion envelope to construct a working envelope model of the target excavator.

8. The building lifecycle carbon emission monitoring system based on BIM model according to claim 7, characterized in that, The construction feasibility analysis module specifically includes: A reachable volume calculation unit is configured to perform a three-dimensional space Boolean operation based on the working envelope model and a real-time updated obstacle model to determine a reachable working volume of the target excavator under the current working condition. A reachability index unit is configured to acquire a theoretical maximum working volume of the target excavator under an unobstructed condition, and perform a normalization process on the reachable working volume and the theoretical maximum working volume to obtain a working space reachability index. A swing scanning unit is configured to discretely scan 0-360° swing angles of the upper vehicle body of the excavator based on the working envelope model, and determine whether the working envelope model collides with the real-time updated obstacle model under each swing angle. A restricted index calculation unit is configured to take a ratio of a total angle of available swing angle ranges without collision to 360° as a swing restriction index.

9. The building lifecycle carbon emission monitoring system based on BIM model according to claim 8, characterized in that, The carbon emission prediction module specifically includes: A dataset construction unit is configured to construct historical working space reachability indexes, historical swing restriction indexes, and corresponding historical carbon emission parameters of each sample into a training dataset for mapping relationship modeling. A model fitting unit is configured to fit a relationship among the working space reachability index, the swing restriction index, and the carbon emission parameter by using a regression analysis method based on the training dataset to obtain a carbon emission mapping model. A parameter prediction unit is configured to substitute real-time working space reachability indexes and swing restriction indexes of the current working condition into the carbon emission mapping model to calculate a predicted carbon emission parameter of the current working condition.

10. The building lifecycle carbon emission monitoring system based on BIM model according to claim 9, characterized in that, The monitoring and early warning module specifically includes: An actual carbon emission calculation unit is configured to acquire real-time fuel consumption values of the target excavator under the current working condition and a diesel carbon emission coefficient of the target excavator to calculate an actual carbon emission parameter of the target excavator. A deviation generation unit is configured to compare the actual carbon emission parameter with the predicted carbon emission parameter to generate a carbon emission deviation. A warning output unit is configured to output corresponding monitoring and early warning information when the carbon emission deviation exceeds a preset threshold.

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