Intelligent integrated management system for building construction quality and safety

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent integrated management system for building construction quality and safety, which relates to the technical field of industrial safety system services, and is characterized in that each batch of raw materials and each key component are endowed with a unique digital identity label, so that the unique digital identity label becomes a unique mapping which cannot be tampered by a physical entity in the digital world; in the subsequent circulation process, any data such as quality detection, construction operation, environmental parameters and personnel information are bound to the identifier through the Internet of Things equipment and the edge gateway, and the data packets with the digital identifier are submitted to a block chain consensus network jointly maintained by suppliers, construction, supervision, construction and the like for evidence storage. The distributed account book and consensus mechanism of the block chain ensures that the data submitted by any party can be permanently recorded only after being verified by other participating nodes, thereby ensuring the authenticity and integrity of all key quality records.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of industrial safety system services, in particular to an intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety. BACKGROUND

[0002] The core of construction engineering construction quality control and safety management lies in effective recording, tracing and responsibility definition of massive, multi-source and dynamic process data. However, the traditional management mode relies on paper files, scattered electronic spreadsheets and manual inspection, and the information is isolated, lagging and easy to lose and distort. When quality defects or safety accidents occur, it is often difficult to trace the responsibility due to incomplete, non-transparent and easily tampered process records, and parties blame each other, the cost of dispute resolution is high, and it is difficult to achieve real preventive management. Building a reliable, real-time and full-cycle digital management closed loop is a long-term pain point that the industry has not been able to effectively solve.

[0003] The prior art mainly has the following limitations to solve the above problems: Firstly, the existing scheme stores information in a centralized database, only realizes the digitization of data, but the data is controlled by a single subject, and the authenticity, integrity and timeliness of the data cannot obtain the synchronous consensus and trust of other participants, the risk of data tampering by the center cannot be eliminated, and it is difficult to serve as a basis for responsibility determination; Then, a two-dimensional code or RFID is used to track materials in a single link, but such a traceability chain is broken, only records the space-time position of the material, and cannot be reliably bound with multi-dimensional quality and safety data and participant identity, and cannot form a complete, coherent and verifiable evidence chain; Secondly, although there are explorations of applying blockchain technology to evidence storage, most of them are limited to hashing the final file, which is a static and post-file folder, and cannot be deeply linked with the construction process, and cannot realize dynamic responsibility anchoring and intelligent responsibility determination based on real-time, multi-source and automatic data flow.

[0004] In summary, there is currently a lack of an Internet of Things sensing, blockchain consensus and smart contract technical solution, which is difficult to realize full-factor and full-process mapping from physical entities to the digital world. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide an intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety, which can assign a unique digital identity to each batch of raw materials and each key component, making it a unique mapping of physical entities in the digital world that cannot be tampered with. In the subsequent circulation process, any quality detection, construction operation, environmental parameters, personnel information and other data related to it are bound to the identity through Internet of Things devices and edge gateways. These data packets with digital identity are submitted to the blockchain consensus network maintained by suppliers, construction, supervision, construction and other parties for storage. The distributed ledger and consensus mechanism of the blockchain ensure that any data submitted by any party must be verified by other participating nodes before it can be permanently recorded, and once recorded, it cannot be tampered with by a single party. This makes the entire circulation process of the building entity be recorded completely and truly on a multi-party witnessed evidence chain. When it is necessary to trace back, the complete data chain can be retrieved by querying the digital identity of the entity, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of all key quality records.

[0006] The present application provides the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems: an intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety, comprising: an Internet of Things identification and data acquisition module, an edge computing and preprocessing module, a blockchain consensus and storage network module, an intelligent contract logic module, and an application service module; The Internet of Things identification and data acquisition module is used to assign a unique digital identity to physical entities in the construction process, and to collect multi-source heterogeneous raw data related to the quality and safety attributes of the physical entities at each link in the circulation process, so that each data is bound to the unique digital identity of the physical entity. The edge computing and preprocessing module is used to clean and standardize the multi-source data bound to the unique digital identity, and to encapsulate and generate structured data packets to be chained. The blockchain consensus and storage network module, composed of project participants as consensus nodes, performs consensus verification on the received data packets to be chained, and writes the verified data digest into the distributed ledger to perform non-tamperable storage. At the same time, a timestamp is affixed to each storage record and the digital signature of the submitter is associated. The intelligent contract logic module contains preprogrammed business logic rules for listening to data changes related to the unique digital identity in the distributed ledger, and executing when the preset conditions are met to update the entity state, generate a trusted event record and anchor the related responsibilities. The application service module includes a visual interactive interface for providing quality and safety traceability query functions based on the unique digital identity, and responding to the user's request for responsibility determination, calling the intelligent contract logic module to generate a responsibility determination report containing the on-chain evidence chain.

[0007] Further, the Internet of Things identification and data acquisition module comprises a unique identification unit and a multi-source data perception unit; The unique identification unit adopts one of RFID tags, NFC chips and two-dimensional codes to give each independent batch of building materials, prefabricated components and construction sites divided into the smallest management units a globally unique digital identity identification; The multi-source data perception unit comprises a read-write subunit linked with the unique identification unit, a detector instrument interface for collecting material performance, a sensor network for monitoring construction process parameters, and a mobile terminal for entering artificial inspection results. In each data acquisition event, the multi-source data perception unit automatically associates the unique digital identity identification of the operated physical entity to form a binding relationship of identification-data-time and space.

[0008] Further, the edge computing and preprocessing module comprises a data standardization unit, a security processing unit and a data packet assembly unit; The data standardization unit converts the multi-source heterogeneous raw data of the Internet of Things identification and data acquisition module into structured data records with unified fields, units and coding formats according to a predefined building construction data dictionary; The security processing unit is used to calculate the hash value of the structured data records and their associated raw files, and digitally sign the data digest using the private key of the data submitter; The data packet assembly unit encapsulates the data digest, file hash value, corresponding unique digital identity identification, timestamp and collection device information after the data standardization unit and security processing unit into a complete data packet to be chained, and temporarily stores it in the local cache, waiting for submission to the blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module.

[0009] Further, the consensus nodes of the blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module comprise material supplier nodes, construction general contractor nodes, subcontractor nodes, supervision unit nodes and construction unit nodes; Each consensus node runs a consistent consensus mechanism to perform compliance verification and sequential consensus on the received data packet to be chained, and packs the hash value of the data packet reaching the consensus mechanism and its metadata into a block in chronological order, links it to the previous block through a hash pointer, and forms an unalterable chain structure; Each evidence data record on the distributed ledger comprises its corresponding unique digital identity identification as an index key for quality and safety traceability query and responsibility determination process.

[0010] Further, the pre-programmed business logic rules in the smart contract logic module include a raw material access contract, a process acceptance and right confirmation contract, and a quality event responsibility determination contract. The raw material access contract, when listening to the material detection data bound to the unique digital identity identifier being stored, compares the pre-set quality standard threshold, and if qualified, marks the entity state as qualified in the distributed ledger and records the supplier's liability information, otherwise marks it as disabled. The process acceptance and right confirmation contract listens to and waits for process data storage from the construction party and acceptance conclusion data storage from the quality inspection party for key process nodes, and when both types of data are verified and stored, a digital process qualification certificate with a timestamp and digital signatures of both parties is generated in the distributed ledger, and the digital process qualification certificate is associated and bound with the identities of the construction and acceptance responsibility subjects. The quality event responsibility determination contract, upon receiving a responsibility determination query request for the unique digital identity identifier of the physical entity, traverses all historical storage records associated with the unique digital identity identifier, analyzes according to the pre-set responsibility determination logic tree, and outputs the preliminary responsibility determination opinion. The responsibility determination logic tree defines the mapping rules from material defects, process violations, and acceptance omissions to corresponding responsible parties.

[0011] Further, the data packet assembly unit in the edge computing and preprocessing module performs an importance weighted hash algorithm based on data source and type when generating the to-be-chained data packet, so that the integrity of key data is prioritized for chaining: for the first structured data record to be encapsulated , wherein H(·) is a hash function, represents a connection operation, is the unique digital identity identifier of the data , is the data preset weight coefficient, the weight coefficient ∈[0, 1], this mechanism ensures that when the blockchain network resources are tight, high-weight data records are prioritized for immediate chaining and storage, and low-weight data can be temporarily stored locally. When the network is smooth, supplement the chain.

[0012] Further, the pre-set responsibility determination logic tree in the quality event responsibility determination contract adopts a Bayesian network-based probabilistic reasoning algorithm to quantify the responsibility probability of each related party in a complex scenario with multiple responsibility interlacing. When the unique digital identity identifier of the physical entity is input, the quality event responsibility determination contract performs the following steps: Extract all historical storage records related to the unique digital identity identifier from the chain and convert them into evidence nodes each evidence node represents a stored fact; defines editable liability nodes each liability node represents a responsible party, a liability reason; determines the conditional probability relationship between the evidence nodes and the liability nodes based on the Bayesian network structure constructed in advance based on the historical accident database ; substitutes the current extracted evidence into the network, and uses Bayesian calculation to calculate the posterior probability , that is, the probability of the establishment of each liability node under the current evidence; The quality event liability contract will be sorted according to the calculated posterior probability , and the posterior probability will be output as the quantified support degree of the liability determination opinion, providing data-driven decision reference for the final liability identification.

[0013] Further, the application service module provides a quality safety traceability query function, and the specific steps are: receiving the unique digital identity of the physical entity submitted by the user by scanning the two-dimensional code; Taking the unique digital identity as an index, all associated transaction records are retrieved in the distributed ledger of the blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module; The retrieved transaction records sorted by timestamp are visually presented in the form of a time axis graph in the visual interactive interface, and each node in the graph represents an event and can be directly associated with the corresponding hash-verified original file.

[0014] Further, the application service module provides a liability determination report generation principle: in response to a liability determination request, the quality event liability contract in the smart contract logic module is called, and the report output by the quality event liability contract containing the preliminary liability determination opinion and the corresponding on-chain evidence transaction hash is formatted to generate a final readable report.

[0015] Further, when the application service module receives a liability determination request, it triggers a quality safety traceability query and liability determination process, and the execution steps of the quality safety traceability query and liability determination process are: S100, the application service module obtains the unique digital identity of the liability determination target and takes it as a query key; S200, the application service module initiates a query to the blockchain consensus and storage network module with the unique digital identity, and obtains an event chain of a whole life cycle of a physical entity corresponding to the unique digital identity; S300, the application service module initiates a call to the smart contract logic module, specifies to execute the quality event accountability contract, and takes the event chain as an input parameter; S400, the quality event accountability contract is automatically executed on the chain, traverses and analyzes the event chain, and performs calculation and reasoning according to a built-in logic tree or an algorithm model; S500, the smart contract logic module returns a contract execution result to the application service module, the application service module integrates the event chain details and the contract execution result, and generates a traceability and accountability report containing a visual time axis and a responsibility analysis conclusion.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety has the following beneficial effects: The application enables each batch of raw materials and each key component to have a unique digital identity, so that it becomes a unique mapping of the physical entity in the digital world that cannot be tampered with. In the subsequent circulation process, any data related to quality detection, construction operation, environmental parameters, personnel information and the like is bound to the identity through Internet of Things devices and edge gateways. These data packets with digital identities are submitted to a blockchain consensus network jointly maintained by suppliers, construction, supervision, construction and other parties for storage. The distributed ledger and consensus mechanism of the blockchain ensure that any data submitted by any party must be verified by other participating nodes before being permanently recorded, and once recorded, it cannot be tampered with by a single party. This enables the entire circulation process of the building entity to be completely and truly recorded on an evidence chain jointly witnessed by multiple parties. When it is necessary to trace back, the complete data chain can be retrieved by querying the digital identity of the entity, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of all key quality records.

[0017] Other advantages, objects, and features of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following specification or can be learned by practice of the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creating any creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 A quality and safety traceability query and responsibility determination flowchart of an intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety; Figure 2 A composition block diagram of an intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety; Figure 3 A quality and safety traceability query function flowchart of an intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the above technical solutions will be described in detail below in combination with the drawings of the specification and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] It should also be noted that the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the products or devices comprising a series of elements not only include those elements, but also include other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such products or devices. Without more limitations, the element defined by the sentence "comprises a" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in the product or device comprising the element.

[0022] In order to improve the problems of the prior art, first, the construction quality and safety management scene involved in the present application is described. The present application is mainly applied to various types of construction projects, including the whole construction process of residential, commercial, public facilities and industrial plant buildings, etc. In these scenarios, material suppliers, general contractors, subcontractors, supervision units and construction units are involved, and the information generated in the process, such as quality detection data, construction process parameters, acceptance conclusions, etc. The quantity is huge, the source is scattered, the format is different, and the information is easy to lose, easy to tamper and difficult to trace under the traditional management mode, which leads to difficult responsibility definition and frequent disputes after quality and safety problems occur. The present application builds a multi-party collaborative, real-time trusted, data-driven quality and safety closed-loop management system by integrating Internet of Things identification, edge computing, block chain evidence storage and intelligent contract execution, aiming to realize the whole process of trusted traceability and intelligent responsibility determination from material entry to process completion.

[0023] The application provides an intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety, which assigns a unique digital identity to a physical entity through an Internet of Things identification and data acquisition module, and acquires multi-source data bound thereto in real time; an edge computing and preprocessing module cleans, standardizes and safely packages the original data; a blockchain consensus and storage network module is jointly maintained by nodes of each party, performs consensus verification and tamper-proof storage on data packets; an intelligent contract logic module automatically responds to data changes based on preprogrammed rules, updates the state and anchors the responsibility; and an application service module provides intuitive visual traceability and responsibility determination report generation functions for users, and the modules work together to form a complete management system covering the entire life cycle of acquisition, processing, storage, execution and application.

[0024] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2 The intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety comprises an Internet of Things identification and data acquisition module, an edge computing and preprocessing module, a blockchain consensus and storage network module, an intelligent contract logic module and an application service module. The Internet of Things identification and data acquisition module is configured to assign a unique digital identity to a physical entity in the construction process, and acquire multi-source heterogeneous original data associated with the quality and safety attributes of the physical entity at each link in the physical entity circulation, so that each piece of data is bound to the unique digital identity of the physical entity. The edge computing and preprocessing module is configured to clean and standardize the multi-source data bound to the unique digital identity, and package and generate structured data packets to be chained. The blockchain consensus and storage network module comprises consensus nodes formed by project participants, performs consensus verification on the received data packets to be chained, writes the verified data digest into a distributed ledger to perform tamper-proof storage, simultaneously stamps the time for each storage record and associates the digital signature of the submitter. The intelligent contract logic module comprises preprogrammed business logic rules, is configured to listen to data changes related to the unique digital identity in the distributed ledger, and executes when the preset conditions are met to update the entity state, generate a trusted event record and anchor the related responsibility. The application service module comprises a visual interactive interface, is configured to provide quality and safety traceability query functions based on the unique digital identity, and in response to a user's responsibility determination request, calls the intelligent contract logic module to generate a responsibility determination report containing a chain of on-chain evidence.

[0025] In a specific implementation, the Internet of Things identification and data acquisition module is the basis for accurate mapping of the physical world and the digital world. In traditional construction management, material and component information is recorded manually and relies on paper tags, which is prone to errors, damage and difficulty in association. This module assigns a unique digital identity to each independent management unit and automatically associates collected data to ensure that information is reliable and traceable from the source. It includes a unique identification unit and a multi-source data sensing unit.

[0026] The unique identification unit serves as the digital identity of a physical entity, using RFID tags, NFC chips or two-dimensional codes as carriers. At the project start-up stage, the system assigns a globally unique digital identity code to each batch of main construction materials, each prefabricated component and key construction sites on the construction site. The identification code remains unchanged throughout the entity's life cycle and is firmly attached to the entity or the corresponding location on the construction drawing through the carrier. At the same time, the system backend establishes an association between the identification code and the metadata of the reinforcement, such as specifications, models and suppliers.

[0027] The multi-source data sensing unit is responsible for automatically collecting various quality and safety data at each link of the entity's flow and ensuring that each piece of data is bound to the entity's unique digital identity. The unit includes: A read-write subunit linked to the unique identification unit: when materials with RFID tags pass through the warehouse access control and the construction site entrance, the fixed read-write device automatically reads the identification code in the tag and records the time and location information, forming a flow record.

[0028] Material performance testing instrument interface: when the batch of reinforcement is subjected to mechanical property testing, the testing machine transmits the detection data such as tensile strength and yield strength in real time to the system through a standard interface. The operator scans the RFID tag or two-dimensional code on the reinforcement bundle using a handheld terminal, and the system automatically binds the detection data to the corresponding unique identification code.

[0029] Sensor network for monitoring construction process parameters: temperature and humidity sensors, vibration sensors and other sensors are deployed at key construction process sites to collect environmental and process parameters in real time. Sensor data is aggregated through an Internet of Things gateway, and the data stream is associated with the unique digital identity of the site on the construction drawing.

[0030] Mobile terminal for entering manual inspection results: when the quality inspector or supervisor conducts on-site inspection, they scan the two-dimensional code of the component or site, call up the corresponding inspection form, fill in or select the inspection results, and take photos of the site. When submitted, the inspection results, photos, inspector, time and geographic location are automatically bound to the unique identification code of the entity.

[0031] This mechanism ensures that all data related to the entity, from material arrival, inspection, storage, use, installation to final acceptance, can be accurately collected under its unique digital identity, forming a complete and structured data flow.

[0032] The edge computing and preprocessing module is responsible for near-end processing of raw multi-source heterogeneous data collected by the Internet of Things layer on the edge server or gateway device at the construction site or project department, reducing the pressure on the cloud or chain, and improving data quality and security. It includes a data standardization unit, a security processing unit, and a data packet assembly unit.

[0033] The data standardization unit receives raw data from the Internet of Things identification and data collection module, parses, cleans, and converts the raw data. Each piece of data is converted into a structured data record with uniform field names, data types, units, and encoding formats.

[0034] The security processing unit performs integrity protection and identity authentication on the standardized structured data records and their associated raw files, calculates the digital digest of each structured data record, i.e., applies a hash function to its content to generate a unique hash value At the same time, the hash value of the associated raw file is also calculated, and the combination of "data record hash value + file hash value + timestamp" is digitally signed using the digital certificate private key registered by the data submitter in the system.

[0035] The data packet assembly unit encapsulates the data digest, file hash value, corresponding unique digital identity, timestamp, collection device / personnel information, and digital signature of the submitter into a complete data packet to be chained. To optimize the utilization of blockchain network resources, this unit implements a weighted processing mechanism based on data importance: for critical data, a higher weight coefficient is assigned; for regular process data, a lower weight is assigned. In encapsulation, a weighted hash algorithm is used to generate the final on-chain verification value where H(·) is the hash function, denotes the concatenation operation, is the unique digital identity of the data is the preset weight coefficient of the data , the weight coefficient ∈[0, 1], when the blockchain network is congested, the system prioritizes the submission of high-weight data packets to the chain for storage, and low-weight data packets can be temporarily stored in the local cache queue and submitted when the network is smooth. This ensures the immediate tamper-proof storage of critical evidence while maintaining overall system efficiency.

[0036] ​The blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module adopts a consortium chain architecture. Main participants of the project include material suppliers, general construction contractors, subcontractors, supervision units, and construction units. They maintain a consensus node and jointly form a distributed network. Each node saves a complete copy of the distributed ledger.

[0037] When the edge computing and preprocessing module generates a data package to be chained, it is first broadcast to all consensus nodes. Each node performs compliance verification based on the pre-installed smart contract. The nodes reach an agreement on the order of a batch of data packages through a consensus mechanism. After reaching a consensus, the metadata of the batch of data packages, including a unique digital identity, a weighted hash value , a timestamp, a submitter signature, etc., are packaged in chronological order into a new block, which is linked to the previous block through a cryptographic hash pointer, forming a chain structure. Once the block is added to the chain, the records in it cannot be tampered with or deleted by any single participant.

[0038] Each evidence record is indexed by a unique digital identity, allowing for quick retrieval and linking of the complete evidence chain throughout its lifecycle. Timestamps and submitter signatures further solidify the time point and responsible subject of each record.

[0039] The smart contract logic module defines the business rules of the system and automatically executes them on the blockchain. These contracts are deployed on the blockchain, with their code and state being transparent and publicly verifiable. The execution results are verified and recorded by all nodes, ensuring the fairness and automatic execution of the rules. The main contracts include: Raw material access contract: This contract monitors new evidence records in the distributed ledger related to material unique identification codes, especially material detection data. Once a new record is found, the contract automatically extracts the detection indicators and compares them with the pre-set quality standard threshold. If all indicators are qualified, the status of the material entity is updated to "qualified" in the ledger, and the supplier information is recorded as the quality responsible person. If any indicator is unqualified, the status is updated to "disabled" to trigger an alarm to notify relevant parties such as procurement and supervision, and record the unqualified evidence to lock the supplier's responsibility.

[0040] Process acceptance and right confirmation contract: For key process nodes, this contract waits for the storage of two types of data: self-inspection data submitted by the construction party and independent acceptance conclusion data submitted by the supervision party. Only when both types of data are verified and stored, and the conclusions are both qualified, does the contract trigger the generation of a digital process qualification certificate record with an accurate timestamp, digital signatures of the construction party and the supervision party in the distributed ledger. This record is strongly associated with the unique identification code of the construction site, the construction responsible party, and the acceptance responsible party, becoming an unalterable electronic certificate of the process quality compliance, clearly anchoring the responsibilities of both parties.

[0041] Quality event accountability contract: when the application service module initiates an accountability query to an entity, the contract is called, which first extracts all associated historical evidence records from the chain with the identification code as the key, and constructs the event chain of the entity. Then, the contract analyzes based on the pre-set responsibility judgment logic tree. The logic tree defines the logical path from various evidence to the possible responsible party and the reason for the responsibility. For simple scenarios, the contract can directly output the responsibility judgment opinion based on rules, and for complex scenarios with multi-party responsibility interweaving, the contract can use a Bayesian network-based probabilistic reasoning algorithm: convert the evidence chain into a set of evidence nodes , convert the responsibility hypothesis into a set of responsibility nodes , use the conditional probability table trained from historical data , combine the prior probability , calculate the posterior probability , the contract outputs the probability ranking of each responsible party and its possible reason as a quantitative decision reference, all reasoning references come from on-chain credible evidence, the process is transparent and the result is auditable.

[0042] The application service module provides a visual interactive interface based on Web or mobile terminal for various users, provides quality safety traceability query function and responsibility judgment report generation, wherein: As shown in Figure 3 , the specific steps of the quality safety traceability query function are: Receive the unique digital identity of the physical entity submitted by the user by scanning the two-dimensional code; Use the unique digital identity as an index to search all associated transaction records in the distributed ledger of the blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module; The retrieved transaction records sorted by timestamp are visualized in the form of a time axis graph on the visual interactive interface, and each node in the graph represents an event and can be directly associated with the corresponding original file verified by hashing.

[0043] The responsibility judgment report generation: in response to the user's accountability request, the quality event accountability contract in the smart contract logic module is called, and the report output by the quality event accountability contract containing the preliminary judgment opinion of the responsible party and the corresponding on-chain evidence transaction hash is formatted to generate the final readable report.

[0044] As shown in Figure 1 , when the application service module receives an accountability request, it triggers a quality safety traceability query and accountability process, and the execution steps of the quality safety traceability query and accountability process are: S100, the application service module obtains the unique digital identity of the accountability target and uses it as a query key; S200, the application service module initiates a query to the blockchain consensus and storage network module with the unique digital identity, and obtains an event chain of a whole life cycle of a physical entity corresponding to the unique digital identity; S300, the application service module initiates a call to the smart contract logic module, specifies to execute the quality event responsibility contract, and takes the event chain as an input parameter; S400, the quality event responsibility contract is automatically executed on the chain, traverses and analyzes the event chain, and performs calculation and reasoning according to a built-in logic tree or an algorithm model; S500, the smart contract logic module returns a contract execution result to the application service module, the application service module integrates the event chain details and the contract execution result, and generates a traceability and responsibility report containing a visual time axis and a responsibility analysis conclusion.

[0045] Through the cooperative operation of the modules, the intelligent integrated management system constructed by the application realizes automatic collection, credible storage, intelligent analysis and clear responsibility of quality and safety data in the construction process, changes a traditional passive, difficult-to-trace management mode into a new digital management paradigm of active prevention, process transparency and responsibility-based, and significantly improves the engineering management efficiency and credibility.

[0046] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the application, and does not limit the application in any form. Although the application has been disclosed as above, it is not intended to limit the application. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above disclosed technical content without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the application, and any simplification, modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the application are still within the scope of the technical solution of the application.

Claims

1. An intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety, characterized in that, The system includes: an IoT identification and data acquisition module, an edge computing and preprocessing module, a blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module, a smart contract logic module, and an application service module; The IoT identification and data acquisition module is used to assign a unique digital identity to physical entities during the construction process, and to collect multi-source heterogeneous raw data related to the quality and safety attributes of the physical entities at each stage of their circulation, so that each piece of data is bound to the unique digital identity of the physical entity. The edge computing and preprocessing module is used to clean and standardize the multi-source data bound with a unique digital identity, and encapsulate it to generate a structured data packet to be uploaded to the blockchain. The blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module is composed of project participants as consensus nodes. It performs consensus verification on the received data packets to be uploaded to the chain, writes the verified data digest into the distributed ledger to perform tamper-proof evidence storage, and adds a timestamp to each evidence storage record and associates it with the digital signature of the submitter. The smart contract logic module includes pre-programmed business logic rules, which are used to monitor data changes related to the unique digital identity in the distributed ledger and execute them when preset conditions are met, so as to update the entity state, generate trusted event records and anchor related responsibilities. The application service module includes a visual interactive interface, which provides a quality and safety traceability query function based on the unique digital identity, and responds to the user's responsibility determination request by calling the smart contract logic module to generate a responsibility determination report containing an on-chain evidence chain.

2. The intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety according to claim 1, characterized in that, The IoT identification and data acquisition module includes a unique identification unit and a multi-source data sensing unit; The unique identification unit uses one of RFID tags, NFC chips, and QR codes to assign a globally unique digital identity to each independent batch of building materials, prefabricated components, and construction sites divided into the smallest management units. The multi-source data sensing unit includes a read / write sub-unit linked to the unique identifier unit, a testing instrument interface for collecting material properties, a sensor network for monitoring construction process parameters, and a mobile terminal for recording manual inspection results. In each data acquisition event, the multi-source data sensing unit automatically associates the unique digital identity of the physical entity being operated with it, forming a binding relationship between identifier, data, and spatiotemporal information.

3. The intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge computing and preprocessing module includes a data standardization unit, a security processing unit, and a data packet assembly unit; The data standardization unit converts the multi-source heterogeneous raw data from the IoT identifier and data acquisition module into structured data records with unified fields, units, and encoding formats according to a predefined building construction data dictionary. The security processing unit is used to calculate the hash value of the structured data record and its associated original file, and to digitally sign the data digest using the private key of the data submitter. The data packet assembly unit encapsulates the data digest, file hash value, corresponding unique digital identity, timestamp, and collection device information after the data standardization unit and security processing unit into a complete data packet to be uploaded to the blockchain, and temporarily stores it in the local cache, waiting to be submitted to the blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module.

4. The intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety according to claim 1, characterized in that, The consensus nodes of the blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module include material supplier nodes, general contractor nodes, subcontractor nodes, supervision unit nodes, and construction unit nodes. Each consensus node runs a consistent consensus mechanism to perform compliance verification and order consensus on the received data packets to be uploaded to the chain. The hash values ​​and metadata of the data packets that have reached the consensus mechanism are packaged into blocks in chronological order and linked to the previous block through hash pointers to form an immutable chain data structure. Each data record stored on the distributed ledger contains its corresponding unique digital identity, which serves as an index key for quality and safety traceability and accountability processes.

5. The intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-programmed business logic rules in the smart contract logic module include raw material access contracts, process acceptance and confirmation contracts, and quality event liability determination contracts. When the raw material access contract detects that the material testing data bound to the unique digital identity has been stored, it compares it with the preset quality standard threshold. If the data is qualified, the entity is marked as qualified in the distributed ledger, and the supplier's responsibility information is recorded. Otherwise, it is marked as disabled. The aforementioned process acceptance confirmation contract monitors and waits for process data storage from the construction party and acceptance conclusion data storage from the quality inspection party for key process nodes. When both types of data are verified and stored, a digital process qualification certificate with a timestamp and digital signatures of both parties is generated in the distributed ledger, and the digital process qualification certificate is associated and bound with the identities of the construction responsible party and the acceptance responsible party. When the quality incident liability determination contract receives a liability determination query request for the unique digital identity of a physical entity, it traverses all historical evidence records associated with the unique digital identity, analyzes them according to the preset liability determination logic tree, and outputs a preliminary liability determination opinion.

6. The intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety according to claim 3, characterized in that, When generating data packets to be uploaded to the blockchain, the data packet assembly unit in the edge computing and preprocessing module executes an importance-weighted hash algorithm based on data source and type to prioritize the integrity of critical data for uploading to the blockchain: for the first data packet to be encapsulated... Structured data records Its final integrity verification value used on the blockchain Where H(·) is the hash function, Indicates a connection operation. For data A unique digital identity. For data Preset weighting coefficients, the weighting coefficients ∈[0,1].

7. The intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pre-set responsibility determination logic tree in the quality event liability determination contract uses a probabilistic inference algorithm based on Bayesian networks to quantify the responsibility probability of each relevant party in scenarios where multiple parties' responsibilities are intertwined. When the unique digital identity of the physical entity is input, the quality event liability determination contract executes the following steps: Extract all historical evidence records related to this unique digital identity from the blockchain and convert them into evidence nodes. Each evidence node This represents a proven fact; Define editable responsibility nodes Each responsibility node represents a responsible party and the reason for their responsibility; Based on a pre-constructed Bayesian network structure using a historical accident database, evidence nodes are identified. With responsibility node Conditional probability relationship between ; The currently extracted evidence Substitute the network into the Bayesian algorithm and use it to calculate the posterior probability. That is, under the current evidence, each node of responsibility The probability of it being true; The quality event liability contract will be based on the calculated posterior probability. The results are sorted by probability value, and the posterior probability is used as the quantitative support output for liability determination, providing a data-driven decision-making reference for the final liability determination.

8. The intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quality and safety traceability query function provided by the application service module has the following specific steps: Receive the unique digital identity of the physical entity submitted by the user by scanning a QR code; Using this unique digital identity as an index, all associated transaction records are retrieved in the distributed ledger of the blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module; The retrieved transaction records, sorted by timestamp, are visualized in a timeline graph on the interactive interface. Each node in the graph represents an event, and the corresponding original file, which has been verified by hash, can be directly viewed.

9. The intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety according to claim 1, characterized in that, The principle behind the responsibility determination report generation provided by the application service module is as follows: in response to the user's responsibility determination request, the module calls the quality event responsibility determination contract in the smart contract logic module, and formats the report output by the quality event responsibility determination contract, which includes the preliminary determination opinion of the responsible party and the corresponding on-chain evidence transaction hash, to generate the final readable report.

10. The intelligent integrated management system for construction quality and safety according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the application service module receives a responsibility determination request, it triggers a quality and safety traceability query and responsibility determination process. The execution steps of the quality and safety traceability query and responsibility determination process are as follows: S100, The application service module obtains the unique digital identity of the target of responsibility and uses it as the query key; S200. The application service module initiates a query to the blockchain consensus and evidence storage network module using the unique digital identity to obtain the event chain of the physical entity's entire lifecycle corresponding to the unique digital identity. S300, The application service module initiates a call to the smart contract logic module, specifying the execution of the quality event liability contract, and using the event chain as an input parameter; S400. The quality event liability contract is automatically executed on the chain, traversing and analyzing the event chain, and performing calculations and reasoning based on the built-in logic tree or algorithm model. S500, the smart contract logic module returns the contract execution result to the application service module, and the application service module integrates the event chain details and the contract execution result to generate a traceability and accountability report containing a visual timeline and responsibility analysis conclusions.

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