Construction method for urban geotechnical engineering investigation information model

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional geological modeling, in particular to a method for constructing an urban geotechnical engineering investigation information model, which comprises the following steps of: presetting a model construction rule, acquiring data, constructing a three-dimensional ground surface model, partitioning, and constructing an engineering geological information model, an underground structure model and an earth surface structure model for each block. Fusing to form a geotechnical engineering investigation information model, and finally integrating the geotechnical engineering investigation information model of each block to generate a final geotechnical engineering investigation information model. According to the scheme, the problems of large data volume and multiple sizes can be solved, the urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation information model is constructed, the construction efficiency and precision are improved, and popularization and application are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of three-dimensional geological modeling technology, specifically a method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation. Background Technology

[0002] The purpose of engineering geological investigation is to identify geological problems during engineering construction. A lack of clarity in the engineering geological investigation can lead to disasters later in the construction process. Many construction projects are typically very expensive and require decades or even centuries of maintenance. The safety of many projects is directly related to the lives of people in a region, making the importance of engineering geological investigation self-evident. The results of engineering geological exploration require detailed exploration and precise three-dimensional representation of the lithology, occurrence, and spatial distribution of the bedrock and loose layers in the study area. Three-dimensional geological modeling can significantly improve the overall level of exploration projects with minimal investment.

[0003] However, three-dimensional geological modeling only simply represents the strata and structure, without acquiring parameters such as soil and rock properties and bearing capacity. In order to better provide important support for later design, construction and operation, it is urgent to carry out the construction of geotechnical engineering investigation information model. In addition to encompassing the geological strata, lithology and structure of the study area, it also includes soil and rock parameter information, and various environmental geological information above and below ground.

[0004] Due to the short construction period of geotechnical engineering investigation projects, geotechnical engineering is often considered to have a semi-empirical and semi-theoretical nature. Furthermore, due to its inherent complexity and diversity, the construction and application system of its three-dimensional digital models remains insufficient. With the application of BIM, BIM has begun to be widely used in engineering construction. The application of BIM technology in geotechnical engineering investigation is mainly reflected in the three-dimensional visualization of geotechnical engineering investigation results and its collaborative work with architectural, structural, and other disciplines. This places higher demands on the construction and application of geotechnical engineering investigation information models.

[0005] However, with the digital transformation of the surveying and design industry and the in-depth research on geotechnical engineering survey information models, the industry is no longer satisfied with and limited to the construction and application of single projects and work sites. It has begun to favor the construction and application of large-scale, multi-source, and multi-scale model results, and has begun to establish a construction system for geotechnical survey information models of different levels, accuracies, and layers, from regional to single projects.

[0006] Conventional methods for representing three-dimensional digital models for engineering surveys mainly involve establishing city-level geological information models and single-site geotechnical engineering survey information models to solve various complex geological problems encountered in cities, providing important geological spatial data and digital means. However, city geological information models cannot currently provide indicators such as geotechnical parameters, and the geotechnical engineering survey information models at work sites are mostly based on existing survey data, which cannot be fully applied to new projects in the future and are difficult to meet the current requirements for low-carbon and environmentally friendly exploration.

[0007] Therefore, for city-level and large-scale regional situations, there is still no complete methodology or process system for constructing city-level geotechnical engineering investigation information models to provide rich and comprehensive geological information for applications such as urban planning, construction, and operation.

[0008] The existing information models for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation still have the following problems: (1) Due to its large size, wide range, and small scale, the large-scale urban geological information model is not accurate enough in terms of model details. It needs to be further supplemented and improved in terms of borehole quantity, meshing accuracy, surface accuracy, modeling accuracy, etc., so that the urban geological information model can be better applied to urban planning, engineering construction and geological disaster prevention. (2) Research on the construction methods and technologies of geotechnical engineering investigation information models for single work sites is gradually deepening, but research on urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation information models is still lacking. In particular, for the complex geological and geomorphological conditions of mega-mountain cities, it faces challenges such as large data volume, long routes, immature modeling technology, unified model coding, and difficulty in loading and integrating model space and geometric attributes. (3) Due to the differences in multi-source heterogeneous data, as well as the differences in different modeling methods, modeling software and display platforms, the data organization structure and expression methods are not uniform. In particular, for the construction of urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation information models, there is a need for a unified format, element coding, specifications and standards to promote the integration and application of various types of data.

[0009] In summary, the construction of existing city-level geotechnical engineering investigation information models faces challenges such as large data volume, diverse data sizes, varying levels of precision, and difficulties in data integration.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to construct urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation information models that can solve the problems of large data volume and various data sizes, improve construction efficiency and accuracy, and facilitate widespread application. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The present invention aims to provide a method for constructing a city-level geotechnical engineering investigation information model, which can solve the problems of large data volume and multiple data sizes, construct a city-level geotechnical engineering investigation information model, improve construction efficiency and accuracy, and facilitate its widespread application.

[0012] This invention provides the following basic solution: a method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation, comprising the following contents: Rule setting steps: Preset the model construction rules; Model building steps: Obtain survey data of the modeling area, build a three-dimensional surface information model based on the survey data, and cut the overall range of the modeling area into three-dimensional ground surfaces of each block by using the outline lines formed by the overall range and the block range of the modeling area. For each block, acquire the 3D modeling data of the modeling area, and construct the engineering geological information model, underground structure model, and surface structure model based on the 3D modeling data and construction rules; For each block, the three-dimensional surface information model, engineering geological information model, underground structure model and surface structure model are integrated to form a geotechnical engineering investigation information model; Model integration steps: Based on the construction rules, integrate the geotechnical engineering investigation information models of each block to generate the final geotechnical engineering investigation information model.

[0013] Beneficial effects: This scheme constructs a three-dimensional ground surface model, models the modeling area, divides it into blocks, and establishes a multi-source, multi-scale model, including: engineering geological information model, underground structure model and surface structure model; For each block of models, the individual models are merged to form a geotechnical engineering investigation information model. The model construction rules are pre-set. When constructing individual models, the construction is carried out according to the construction rules, which can ensure scale consistency and enable the constructed models to be merged. Finally, based on the construction rules, the geotechnical engineering investigation information models of each block are integrated to generate the final geotechnical engineering investigation information model, thereby realizing the construction of geotechnical engineering investigation information models for larger modeling areas (such as city-level). Even if the data volume and size are large, the scale is unified by the construction rules, and the data volume is reduced by dividing the data into blocks, so as to solve the problems of large data volume and size, improve construction efficiency and accuracy, and facilitate promotion and application. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coordinate system for an embodiment of the method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a coordinate system spanning two numbered systems in an embodiment of the method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a coordinate system with only one number in an embodiment of the method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of color standards in an embodiment of the method for constructing a city-level geotechnical engineering investigation information model according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the internal connections of an embodiment of the method for constructing a city-level geotechnical engineering investigation information model according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a raster diagram showing the internal connection results of an embodiment of the method for constructing a city-level geotechnical engineering investigation information model according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an underground structure model, representing an embodiment of the method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a surface structure model, representing an embodiment of the method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to the present invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a grid model representing an embodiment of the method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to the present invention. Figure 11 This is a standard model diagram of an embodiment of the method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the geotechnical engineering investigation information model integration, which is an embodiment of the method for constructing a city-level geotechnical engineering investigation information model according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: The markings in the accompanying drawings include: Example 1 This embodiment is basically as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 As shown, a method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation is provided, including the following: S1. Rule setting steps: Preset the model construction rules; Specifically, it includes: S101. Construct the coding rules for the soil and rock strata of the modeling area; In this embodiment, the stratigraphy and lithology of the modeling area are numbered in three levels: the first level is the geological age, the second level is the geological lithology, and the third level is the remarks. Technicians can make remarks flexibly according to the site conditions. Taking the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation as an example: First-level numbering (strata age): For example, the Shaximiao Formation (J2s) is numbered 9; Second-level numbering (rock lithology): For example, sandstone code (Ss), number 28; Third-level numbering (flexible numbering): Flexible numbering, such as numbering based on segments, like 0; The Jurassic Shaximiao Formation sandstone can be coded as: 9-28-0.

[0016] S102. Construct the coordinate grid rules for the modeling area; The modeling area is divided into sections based on a planar coordinate system, and a section grid is established for identification and positioning in the construction of a city-level geotechnical engineering investigation information model. The main purpose is to locate the coordinates, providing positioning support for the subsequent construction of the city geotechnical engineering investigation information model.

[0017] Taking a certain coordinate system as an example, such as Figure 2 As shown: Map sheet 70-54, measuring 2km x 2km, with an area of ​​4km²; Map 70-54-2 has a scale of 1:2000 and a size of 1 km × 1 km. Map 70-54-1-2 has a scale of 1:1000, a size of 0.5 km × 0.5 km, and an area of ​​0.25 km². Map 70-54-1-1-1 has a scale of 1:500, a size of 0.25 km × 0.25 km, and an area of ​​0.0625 km².

[0018] S103. Establish model naming and coding rules; Based on the different stages of geotechnical engineering feasibility study, preliminary investigation, and detailed investigation, as well as the actual situation of modeling data sources, accuracy, and application direction, the urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation information model is divided into regional model, grid model, and standard model.

[0019] Regional geological modeling data sources generally include regional geophysical exploration, topography, geological maps, profiles, and a small amount of borehole constraint data. In terms of accuracy, it generally relies on various multi-source data obtained from geological mapping and regional geological surveys for constraint. Due to its wide range, difficulty in data acquisition, and sparse distribution of constraint data, regional geological models have relatively low accuracy but a relatively wide range. The accuracy is generally controlled to the stratigraphic system and series, reflecting the distribution of large structures, strata, and intrusive rock masses. It generally serves a wide range of applications such as geological disaster prevention and control, mineral prediction, and planning evaluation, and is mainly used for large-scale preliminary applications.

[0020] Grid models are primarily designed for large-scale planar geotechnical exploration information models. They are the result of classifying and dividing the model into grids, and then constructing or updating the model within each grid in parallel. Due to the higher precision of its data sources, the accuracy of the model results is similar to that of standard models, down to the level of system, group, segment, lithology, and large and medium-sized geological structures. Modeling methods include 3D modeling methods based on borehole data, 3D modeling methods based on profiles, and modeling methods based on multi-source data. These methods can serve various early-stage applications such as project planning, exploration scheme establishment, and engineering design site selection and alignment. They are generally used in early-stage engineering applications.

[0021] Standard models are generally model results established based on data obtained during the exploration phase (such as feasibility study, preliminary exploration, and detailed exploration). These models can be categorized into structural models, preliminary exploration models, and detailed exploration models. They are required to accurately represent the comprehensive above-ground and underground information of the construction site and its surrounding environment, reflect the site's geotechnical conditions, and provide suggestions for engineering design, construction, and prevention of adverse geological effects. They should also reflect various types of geological information in detail, including strata, rock strata (soil), lenses, structures, and other geological information. Strata (rock strata) need to be detailed down to stratum grouping and segmentation, showcasing information on various geological structures that can be displayed and constructed. They serve the entire process of engineering exploration, engineering design, construction, and operation, and are used in the entire process of engineering exploration and design.

[0022] The encoding of the regional model includes: The regional model (short for regional geological model) uses a coordinate system as the model number. In this embodiment, the northwest and southeast corners are selected for numbering. Format: Region@Coordinate Number ~ Coordinate Number@District (County) - District (County)@Time - Version; Example: QY@86-54~76-78@and XX area@20220210-A.

[0023] The encoding of the grid model includes: A grid model (short for engineering geological grid model) is a routine method for establishing geotechnical engineering investigation information models. It is used for the production and updating of model results (including updating previously established geotechnical investigation information models, or creating new geotechnical engineering investigation information models for areas without existing models). According to the coordinate system numbering, the numbering pattern is as follows, based on different scales. Format: GW@coordinate number@district (county)@time-version (Note: ordinary grid model, high-precision grid model); Example: GW@70-54-2@XX area@20220210-A (ordinary grid model); Note: If multiple coordinate numbers are involved, refer to the numbering format of the region model.

[0024] Standard model coding, including: The standard model (short for standard information model for geotechnical engineering investigation) is used to establish the geotechnical engineering investigation information model that needs to be delivered in geotechnical engineering investigation. It is a model result based on the data obtained in the investigation stage (such as feasibility investigation, preliminary investigation, and detailed investigation). The model result can be divided into structural model, preliminary investigation model, and detailed investigation model. It serves the entire process of engineering investigation, engineering design, construction and operation, and is used for the entire process of engineering investigation and design. Format: GC@coordinate number ~ coordinate number@project name (structural model / preliminary survey model / detailed survey model)@time-version Example: When a project spans two project numbers: GC@70-54-1~70-54-4@XX Project (Detailed Survey Model)@20220210-A, such as... Figure 3 As shown; When a project has only one number: GC@70-54-4@XX Project (Detailed Survey Model)@20220210-A, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0025] S104. Constructing lithological stratigraphic texture and color rules; Lithological stratigraphy is divided according to lithology. Based on the lithological stratigraphy of the modeling area, several lithological color standards have been established, such as... Figure 5 As shown, for lithologies not specified in the map, refer to the "Standards and Principles for Color Use in Geological Maps (1:50000)" DZ / T 0179-1997.

[0026] S105. Constructing connection rules for geotechnical engineering investigation information models; Connectivity rules for geotechnical engineering investigation information models with different levels of precision; Based on the corresponding circumstances, geotechnical investigation information models are divided into regional models, grid models, and standard models. Due to the varying accuracy of strata, rock (soil) layers, and lenses in models of different scales, they generally cannot be perfectly connected during construction. Therefore, examples of model connection are established based on specific circumstances for reference in model connection construction, including: The accuracy of the connection between regional models, grid models, and standard models is down to the level of systems, groups, and large geological structures. Regional models are generally accurate to the level of systems and groups, so the accuracy of the connection between regional models and other models is generally accurate to the level of systems, groups, and large geological structures. The accuracy of connecting grid models with grid models and standard models is down to the level of systems, series, segments, lithology, and large and medium-sized geological structures. Grid models are a method of establishing models by dividing them into sections, and the modeling methods and even the accuracy of grid models are different. Therefore, in the process of connecting grid models with standard models, the accuracy of the connection is generally accurate to the level of systems, series, segments, lithology, and large and medium-sized geological structures. The standard model is connected to the series (group), segment, lithology, lens, and various large, medium and small geological structures. The standard model is generally accurate to the series (group), segment, lithology and various large, medium and small geological structures. Therefore, the connection accuracy is generally accurate to the series (group), segment, lithology, lens and various large, medium and small geological structures.

[0027] For the internal connection rules of geotechnical engineering investigation information models of the same accuracy, the following are included: There are three scenarios for geotechnical engineering investigation information models of the same precision: First, the geotechnical engineering investigation information model only has contact with other existing geotechnical engineering investigation information models at its edges, requiring connection; second, the geotechnical engineering investigation information model has updated data information, and the model results within a certain range need further updates, requiring connection; third, the geotechnical engineering investigation information model does not have contact with other existing geotechnical engineering investigation information models, but due to its large range, it needs to be modeled in blocks, and the internal blocks need to be connected. The connection method employs the intersection profile at the same location for connection. A common intersection profile is established at the intersection locations of the modeling areas (modeling range) or the intersection locations of modeling blocks. The geotechnical engineering investigation information model of the newly created area is modeled based on the corresponding common intersection profile. After each block is modeled, the various models (i.e., the geotechnical engineering investigation information model) are integrated by combining their corresponding coordinate positions. Finally, the connection of the constructed models in terms of space and attributes is completed, such as... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, there is a schematic diagram of the internal connection and a raster diagram of the internal connection result.

[0028] Existing technologies still suffer from problems such as varying levels of precision and difficulty in connecting different models. This solution sets up connection rules for models with different levels of precision in its pre-defined construction rules, thereby achieving the connection between models with different levels of precision and solving the problem of difficulty in connecting different models.

[0029] S2. Model Construction Steps: Constructing a geotechnical engineering investigation information model, specifically including: Acquire survey data of the modeling area, construct a three-dimensional surface information model based on the survey data, and cut the overall range of the modeling area into three-dimensional surface models of each block by using the outline lines formed by the overall range and the block range of the modeling area. For each block, acquire the 3D modeling data of the modeling area, and construct the engineering geological information model, underground structure model, and surface structure model based on the 3D modeling data and construction rules; For each block, the three-dimensional surface information model, engineering geological information model, underground structure model and surface structure model are integrated to form a geotechnical engineering investigation information model; The specific process is as follows: S201. Obtain surveying data of the modeling area and construct a three-dimensional surface information model; The construction of a three-dimensional ground surface is mainly carried out using existing surveying and mapping data, which includes, but is not limited to, topographic data and DEM data; the topographic data includes topographic maps and contour information. Determine the overall and segmented ranges of the modeling area, and form the corresponding outlines. The outlines are mainly in formats such as dwg, dxf, and shp. The overall extent of the modeling region is determined based on the modeling requirements. For different types of models, the segmented extent is determined based on different reference objects. Specifically, in this embodiment, it includes: The regional model determines the overall scope of the modeling area based on the scope of the study to be conducted, and the block scope is determined by dividing the area into blocks based on structural lines (such as faults, folds, etc.). The grid model determines the overall scope of the modeling area based on the scope of the study to be conducted, while the scope of each block is determined based on the modeling difficulty, the quality and quantity of the source data, and the specific location of the planar coordinates. The standard model determines the overall scope of the modeling area based on the actual scope of the engineering project. The separate scope is determined based on the work site conditions, the difficulty of actual model construction, the amount of source data, etc. For example, the scope of rail transit is determined based on the work site (such as station, section).

[0030] Acquire survey data of the modeling area and perform data preprocessing, including: For DEM data, the original DEM data is imported into software such as ArcGIS to check for errors. If no errors are found, the DEM data is de-noised and converted into a usable standard format such as TIFF. For topographic maps, software such as AutoCAD is used to process high-level information such as contour lines and elevation points in the topographic maps, remove noise, retain elevation information, and form topographic map data that can be used for three-dimensional surface data, i.e., source data. The preprocessed DEM data or topographic map data is imported into 3D modeling software. The Kriging interpolation algorithm is used to perform uniform interpolation to form a smooth 3D ground surface. The main formats include STL, 3DS, DXF and other formats. Based on the outline of the segmented range, the overall surface of the modeling area is cut to form the three-dimensional surface of each segment. In this embodiment, the outline of the segmented range is imported into the three-dimensional modeling software to cut the overall surface of the modeling area to form the three-dimensional surface of each segment.

[0031] To better and more clearly display the geological information data of the three-dimensional land surface model, the outline information of surface water bodies, surface geological maps, and adverse geological features is projected onto the three-dimensional land surface, thus forming a complete three-dimensional land surface information model.

[0032] S202. Obtain the three-dimensional modeling data of the modeling area, preprocess the three-dimensional modeling data, and obtain the parameter information of various types of soil and rock strata obtained from geotechnical engineering investigation. Geological model data preprocessing includes: Based on the established model construction rules, a stratigraphic sequence is established within the modeling area; specifically, based on the constructed soil and rock stratigraphic coding rules of the modeling area, a stratigraphic sequence is established within the modeling area. Acquire various geological model data such as boreholes, profiles, and geophysical exploration within the modeling area, and construct corresponding coded information for strata, rock strata, and soil strata based on the stratigraphic sequence; If there is multi-source data, the geological data such as borehole, profile, and geophysical exploration will be comprehensively interpreted and combined with the attitude information of the modeling area to perform normalized profile processing. The initial data preprocessing serves the construction of the three-dimensional geological model. At this stage, it is necessary to assign parameter information to each rock and soil layer to give each stratum its own detailed properties. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain various parameter information of rock and soil strata obtained from geotechnical engineering investigation, including but not limited to: saturation, cohesion, internal friction angle, Poisson's ratio, and elastic modulus. These are generally in Excel format. The Excel data is then imported into the three-dimensional geological model to form an engineering geological information model.

[0033] Data preprocessing for underground structures includes: Acquire data on underground structures in the modeling area, including planar data of foundations, pile foundations, underground chambers, underground pipelines, etc. The planar data of underground structures are mostly in dwg, dxf and other formats, used to display the outline, top and bottom elevations, attributes and other information of underground structures.

[0034] Surface structure data preprocessing includes: Acquire data on surface structures in the modeling area, including: outlines, elevations, and textures of surface structures; the outlines of surface structures are mainly in dwg, dxf, and other formats, while the textures are mostly in jpg and other image formats.

[0035] S203. Construct an engineering geological information model based on geological model data and construction rules; Throughout the construction process of multi-source data, borehole data has higher accuracy, but its point features have a smaller radiation range. Linear data such as profiles are obtained with the participation of expert experience, and to some extent, the model generated by borehole modeling alone is more accurate. The areal information generated by fusing profile and borehole information contains high-precision point features and line features that incorporate expert experience, which can further improve the accuracy of the resulting model. Geophysical data acquisition is affected by various environmental factors, and the analysis and interpretation processes are strongly correlated with the expert experience of technical personnel, so the accuracy is relatively lower. When it comes to large-scale and long-distance research areas, borehole data is often sparse, and the accuracy of profiles drawn from borehole data will be greatly reduced. In this case, the fusion of geophysical data can be increased to improve the accuracy of the resulting data. A stratigraphic profile framework for the study area can be built based on geophysical data, and geophysical data, profile data, borehole data, and other multi-source data can be integrated into a comprehensive model. The construction of an engineering geological information model can be carried out according to the actual situation and data sources.

[0036] Different modeling methods are built based on different source data. The borehole-based modeling method is faster and more accurate in terms of borehole location, but the overall accuracy of other locations is lower due to automated derivation. In addition to borehole data, profile-based modeling methods also use profile data created manually by experts based on their experience, resulting in higher overall accuracy compared to modeling based on borehole data. Modeling methods based on multi-source data combine data from boreholes, profiles, geophysical exploration, and other sources, resulting in higher overall constraint and accuracy.

[0037] The three are in a progressive relationship. If there are more data sources, the latter should be chosen first. If there are new data sources, the new data sources can be added to the original dataset in the form of point, line and surface sets, so as to form a new three-dimensional geological information model by comprehensively constraining it.

[0038] The more data sources available, the more applications there are, and they can be comprehensively applied to refined evaluation of engineering geology, engineering design, construction, geological disaster prevention and control, and construction and operation.

[0039] In summary, based on the data source of the acquired geological model data, the corresponding modeling method is invoked to perform modeling, establish a three-dimensional geological model, and add various parameter information of rock and soil strata to the three-dimensional geological model to form an engineering geological information model. Engineering geological information models are engineers' three-dimensional visualizations of geological conditions. They are not simply about building a three-dimensional geological model, but also incorporate a deeper understanding of geological conditions (parameter information). In terms of modeling methods, the methods are consistent; in terms of understanding, engineering geological information models provide a more thorough understanding. Three-dimensional geological models can be divided into soil layer models and rock layer models. Generally, the upper strata of a three-dimensional geological model are soil layers, and the lower strata are rock layers. 1) If borehole data is obtained, then invoke the modeling method based on borehole information, including: The borehole data is interpreted and marked according to the strata and number, that is, the strata are numbered at the strata boundaries on the borehole. After interpretation, a surface is formed using interpolation based on the borehole number; The strata are automatically trimmed according to the order of their age to form a closed stratum. Specifically, strata are generally deposited in order from oldest to newest, that is, older strata are formed earlier and newer strata are formed later. Therefore, the order of the age of the strata is determined according to the order of the age of the strata, and the strata are automatically trimmed according to the order of the age of the strata. That is, the curves of the older strata are trimmed by the newer strata, and the newer strata are retained to form a closed stratum. Based on the formation of a body shape model of the strata, a three-dimensional geological model is formed, thereby realizing automated modeling of the strata and improving modeling efficiency.

[0040] 2) If profile data is obtained, the modeling method based on the profile data is invoked. The profile data includes parallel profile data and grid-like profile data, including: If parallel profile data is obtained, the modeling method based on the parallel profile data (parallel profiles and mesh profiles) is invoked, including: Based on the contour-based 3D surface reconstruction method, basic 3D surfaces are constructed. Based on the topological inclusion relationship of the section-polygon-arc segment in the profile, basic three-dimensional surfaces are spliced ​​together to generate a closed three-dimensional geological body. A three-dimensional geological model is formed based on the three-dimensional geological body.

[0041] A three-dimensional geological model is constructed using a series of parallel, non-intersecting cross sections. The generation of geological bodies is based on the method of connecting the contour lines between cross sections. When the morphological differences between cross sections are small, a three-dimensional geological model can be constructed well.

[0042] If grid-like profile data is obtained, then the modeling method based on grid-like data is invoked, including: A three-dimensional surface is formed separately for each mesh in the cross-section; Three-dimensional geological bodies are formed by encapsulating three-dimensional curved surfaces; A full-range three-dimensional geological model is formed by fusing the three-dimensional geological bodies within each grid.

[0043] A three-dimensional geological model is constructed using a series of intersecting cross-sections forming a grid. The generation of geological bodies in the modeling area is further divided into the generation of three-dimensional geological models within each grid cross-section and the splicing of models between grids. Compared with the parallel cross-section modeling method, this method has more control data and higher modeling accuracy.

[0044] 3) If multi-source data is obtained, a modeling method combining the layer-by-layer volumetric approach and the level approach based on multi-source data is invoked, including: For the multi-source data after normalized profile processing, perform the following operations: The soil layer model is constructed using a layer-by-layer method. Since soil layer models generally do not have a dip, the soil layer model can be constructed from top to bottom using a layer-by-layer method based on the soil layer lines of the three-dimensional grid. Constructing a rock strata model includes: For cases where the rock strata dip gently (dip <30°), the rock strata model is constructed from top to bottom using a top-down layer-by-layer method based on the strata stratigraphic lines of the 3D raster, thus constructing the rock strata model of the modeling area. For cases with steep rock strata dip (>30°), a rock strata bedding information model is established based on the grid bedding lines. Based on the spatial location of each rock strata bedding, a three-dimensional interpolation method is used to construct the rock strata model of the modeling area. Combine soil and rock strata models to form a three-dimensional geological model.

[0045] Different modeling methods can be used due to variations in source data formats, source data table accuracy, and modeling application requirements. Borehole-based modeling methods often struggle to match and constrain stratigraphic markers and automated stratification with profile information; therefore, the accuracy of the model is generally related to the number of boreholes, and the accuracy rate is usually uncertain. However, they offer faster construction efficiency. Profile-based (including parallel and grid-like profiles) and multi-source data modeling methods delve deeper into data constraints and expert experience integration. Consequently, their accuracy is higher with the comprehensive integration of numerous boreholes and massive amounts of regional geological data. However, their modeling speed is relatively lower, with multi-source data-based methods exhibiting the lowest modeling rate, while profile-based methods fall into a middle range in terms of construction efficiency.

[0046] Geotechnical engineering investigation information model is a three-dimensional digital model constructed based on the investigation work, which integrates relevant information reflecting the site's engineering geology and geotechnical engineering. Therefore, in addition to reflecting the surrounding rock and soil geological information, it must also reflect the surrounding environmental geological information, such as underground structures, surface structures, underground pipelines, underground chambers, etc., so as to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the surrounding environment. The texture accuracy of various types may not necessarily be particularly fine, but the location, shape, and elevation information should be accurate, so as to achieve a refined control and evaluation of the site. It is often established through methods such as stretching and expanding the outline of surveying elements.

[0047] Therefore, in addition to constructing a three-dimensional geological information model, it is also necessary to construct other environmental models, specifically including: S204. Construct an underground structure model based on the underground structure data and construction rules; Constructing underground structure models includes: extruding and constructing underground structure models based on underground structure data, and setting corresponding textures and colors to form three-dimensional models of underground chambers, underground foundations, underground pipelines, etc. In this embodiment, the plan view of the underground structure is imported into 3ds Max modeling software. Based on various plan view data and other information and attributes, the underground structure model is quickly extruded and constructed, and corresponding textures and colors are assigned. Finally, a three-dimensional model of underground chambers, underground foundations, underground pipelines, etc., is formed. Figure 8 As shown.

[0048] S205. Construct a surface structure model based on surface structure data and construction rules; Constructing a surface structure model includes: constructing a surface structure model based on surface structure data; In this embodiment, surface structure data is imported into 3ds Max modeling software. Based on the planar and attribute information of the surface structures, as well as the corresponding textures and colors, surface structure models can be quickly constructed, such as... Figure 9 As shown.

[0049] S206. For each block, integrate the three-dimensional surface information model, engineering geological information model, underground structure model and surface structure model to form a geotechnical engineering investigation information model, and import geotechnical parameter information. By integrating surface information models, engineering geological information models, underground structure models, and surface structure models, a geotechnical engineering investigation information model is formed, and the geotechnical parameter information table of the modeling area is displayed in the geotechnical engineering investigation information model.

[0050] In this embodiment, the obtained geotechnical parameter information table of the modeling area is imported to visualize the parameter information of each geotechnical layer, providing support for subsequent design. Based on a relevant integrated software platform, the surface information model, engineering geological information model, underground structure model, and surface structure model are integrated to construct the geotechnical engineering investigation information model within the modeling scope.

[0051] S3. Model Integration Steps: Based on the construction rules, integrate the geotechnical engineering investigation information models of each block to generate the final geotechnical engineering investigation information model. According to the construction rules, name the geotechnical engineering investigation information model in the modeling area; If a model operation instruction is obtained, then the corresponding operation is performed on the geotechnical engineering investigation information model according to the model operation instruction.

[0052] Specifically, the model integration step integrates, fuses, and displays the constructed geotechnical engineering investigation information model, such as... Figure 10 , 11 As shown in Figure 12, the corresponding geotechnical grid model (internal connection diagram), standard model (mountain tunnel model), and geotechnical engineering investigation information model are integrated: For each block, the same construction method is used to build a geotechnical engineering investigation information model. According to the construction rules, the geotechnical engineering investigation information models of each block are integrated to generate the final geotechnical engineering investigation information model.

[0053] According to the construction rules, the geotechnical engineering investigation information model of the modeling area is named.

[0054] Based on the integrated display and comprehensive service platform, the integration, updating and fusion of city-level geotechnical engineering investigation information models are carried out according to the coordinate information corresponding to each geotechnical engineering investigation information model. That is, the model operation instructions are obtained, and the corresponding operations such as integration, updating and fusion are performed on the geotechnical engineering investigation information models according to the model operation instructions.

[0055] Compared with existing technologies, this solution is aimed at a multi-source, multi-scale geotechnical engineering investigation information model construction method. In addition to engineering geological information models, it also includes surface structure models and underground structure foundation models. It is not aimed at a single project, but at city-level models of a large scale such as provinces and cities, making it more applicable. The method has high applicability and can carry out model construction, integration and connection well for models of different accuracies.

[0056] This solution is applicable to the construction of information models for various geotechnical engineering investigations, including those covering large areas, multiple scales, and long routes. It enables efficient, large-scale, and systematic construction of information models under different engineering geological conditions. It avoids the problems of slow model construction speed and computer lag caused by conventional full-scale model construction. By constructing models according to different scales and different block ranges, it avoids the loss of information models and can perfectly connect and integrate them. It can organically integrate the models obtained from each project and provide data support for new projects, thus implementing the new concepts of green development and ecological environmental protection.

[0057] Example 2 This embodiment is basically the same as the above embodiments, except that it also includes: Import the original ground surface data (i.e., survey data) into the 3D modeling software, and form the 3D ground surface of the model, i.e., the 3D ground surface model, through relevant 3D interpolation methods; Other models were also built based on other data, including: A weathering surface model is established based on borehole or profile weathering data; Establish a groundwater surface model based on groundwater data from boreholes or profiles; A three-dimensional joint surface model is established based on the joint data collected from boreholes or cross-sections. Based on the head body data from the borehole or cross-section, a lens body model is established.

[0058] The other models mentioned above can be overlaid on the 3D ground surface model to enrich it. Weathering surface models, groundwater surface models, 3D joint models, and lens models are established based on in-depth investigations of the geological environment of the study area and the actual conditions. They play a crucial role in understanding the site's hydrogeological conditions, soil and rock mechanical properties, engineering exploration applications, and engineering geological evaluation, and provide important support for engineering design, construction, geological disaster prevention and control, and urban operation and maintenance.

[0059] Example 3 This embodiment is basically the same as the above embodiment, except that it also includes: determining the boundary elements of the geotechnical engineering investigation information model, including: If the boundary of the modeling area already has a corresponding geotechnical engineering investigation information model, then the boundary position is selected from the connecting section cut from the existing geotechnical engineering investigation information model; If the modeling area is a partial block within a large modeling area, then the boundary position uses the internal common section to participate in the construction of the 3D grid framework; If the modeling area intersects with an existing geotechnical engineering investigation information model, then the data of the existing geotechnical engineering investigation information model needs to be added to the intersection location to deepen and improve the geotechnical engineering investigation information model at the intersection location. The connection is based on the connection rules of the geotechnical engineering investigation information model. The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention. Commonly known structures and characteristics are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, are aware of all existing technologies in that field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental methods prior to that date. Those skilled in the art can improve and implement this solution based on the guidance provided in this application and their own capabilities. Some typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention. These should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A construction method for an urban geotechnical engineering investigation information model, characterized in that, Includes the following: Rule setting steps: Preset the model construction rules; Model building steps: Obtain survey data of the modeling area, build a three-dimensional surface information model based on the survey data, and cut the overall range of the modeling area into several blocks by using the outline formed by the overall range and the block range of the modeling area; For each block, acquire the 3D modeling data of the modeling area, and construct the engineering geological information model, underground structure model, and surface structure model based on the 3D modeling data and construction rules; For each block, the three-dimensional surface information model, engineering geological information model, underground structure model and surface structure model are integrated to form a geotechnical engineering investigation information model; Model integration steps: Based on the construction rules, integrate the geotechnical engineering investigation information models of each block to generate the final geotechnical engineering investigation information model.

2. The method for constructing an information model for urban geotechnical engineering investigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction rules include: soil and rock strata coding rules, coordinate grid division rules, model naming and coding rules, lithological strata texture and color rules, and geotechnical engineering exploration information model connection rules. The coding rules for soil and rock strata are as follows: the numbering of strata and lithology in the modeling area is divided into three levels. The first level is the geological age, the second level is the geological lithology, and the third level is the remarks. Coordinate Grid Division Rules: The modeling area is divided into sections according to the plane coordinate system, and a grid division is established for identification and positioning in the construction of geotechnical engineering investigation information models. Model naming and coding rules divide the geotechnical engineering investigation information model into regional models, grid models, and standard models, and set corresponding codes; The lithological strata texture and color rules are set according to the lithological strata of the modeling area, and several lithological color standards are set. Connection rules for geotechnical engineering investigation information models: different connection rules are set according to the accuracy of the geotechnical engineering investigation information model.

3. The method for constructing an urban geotechnical engineering investigation information model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The geotechnical engineering investigation information model connection rules include: connection rules for geotechnical engineering investigation information models of different accuracies, including: The accuracy of the integration between regional models, grid models, and standard models extends to systems, networks, and large geological structures. The accuracy of the connection between grid models and standard models extends to systems, segments, lithologies, and large and medium-sized geological structures; The standard model is being integrated with the standard model at the levels of series, section, lithology, lens, and various large, medium and small geological structures. The geotechnical engineering investigation information model connection rules also include: connection rules within geotechnical engineering investigation information models of the same precision, including: The geotechnical engineering investigation information model and the internal model of the same precision are connected by the connection method of the same location intersection profile. A common intersection profile is established at the intersection position of the modeling area or the intersection position of the modeling block. The geotechnical engineering investigation information model of the newly built area is modeled based on the corresponding common intersection profile. After each block is modeled, the geotechnical engineering investigation information models are integrated by combining the corresponding coordinate positions. Finally, the connection of the constructed model in terms of space and attributes is completed.

4. The method for constructing an urban geotechnical engineering investigation information model according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mapping data includes: topographic data and DEM data; The acquisition of surveying data for the modeling area, and the construction of a three-dimensional surface information model based on the surveying data, includes: Preprocessing of surveying data includes: for DEM data, checking for errors; if no errors are found, removing noise and converting the DEM data to a standard format; for terrain data, processing high-level information to remove noise and retain elevation information. The preprocessed DEM data or topographic map data is imported into 3D modeling software, and uniform interpolation is performed using the Kriging interpolation algorithm to form a 3D surface model. The contour information in the terrain data is projected onto the three-dimensional surface of the three-dimensional land surface model to form a three-dimensional land surface information model.

5. The method for constructing an information model for urban geotechnical engineering investigation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The three-dimensional modeling data includes: geological model data, underground structure data, and surface structure data; The process of constructing engineering geological information models, underground structure models, and surface structure models based on 3D modeling data and construction rules includes: Based on geological model data and construction rules, an engineering geological information model is constructed. Based on the data and construction rules of underground structures, construct a model of the underground structures; Based on the surface structure data and construction rules, construct a surface structure model.

6. The method for constructing an urban geotechnical engineering investigation information model according to claim 5, characterized in that, The construction of the engineering geological information model based on geological model data and construction rules includes: According to the construction rules, the geological model data is preprocessed, and the parameter information of various types of soil and rock strata obtained from the geotechnical engineering investigation is acquired. Based on the data source of the acquired geological model data, the corresponding modeling method is retrieved. Modeling is performed according to the preprocessed geological model data and construction rules to establish a three-dimensional geological model. Various parameter information of rock and soil strata is added to the three-dimensional geological model to form an engineering geological information model.

7. The method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preprocessing of the geological model data includes: Based on the set model construction rules, establish the stratigraphic sequence within the modeling area; Acquire various geological model data from boreholes, profiles, and geophysical exploration within the modeling area, and construct corresponding coded information for strata, rock strata, and soil strata based on stratigraphic sequence; If multiple data sources exist, the geological model data such as borehole data, profile data, and geophysical data will be comprehensively interpreted and combined with the occurrence information of the modeling area to perform normalized profile processing.

8. The method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process involves retrieving the corresponding modeling method from the data source of the acquired geological model data, performing modeling based on the preprocessed geological model data and construction rules, and establishing a three-dimensional geological model, including: If borehole data is obtained, then the modeling method based on borehole information is invoked, including: Interpret the borehole data and mark it according to the strata and number; After interpretation, a surface is formed using interpolation based on the borehole number; The layers are automatically trimmed according to the order of their age to form a closed ground layer. Based on the formation of geological strata, a three-dimensional geological model is created. If profile data is obtained, the modeling method based on parallel profile data is invoked, where the profile data includes parallel profile data and grid-like profile data, including: If parallel profile data is obtained, the modeling method based on the parallel profile data is invoked, including: Based on the contour-based 3D surface reconstruction method, basic 3D surfaces are constructed. Based on the topological inclusion relationship of profile-polygon-arc segments in the topological profile, basic three-dimensional surfaces are spliced ​​together to generate a closed three-dimensional geological body. A three-dimensional geological model is formed based on the three-dimensional geological body; If grid-like profile data is obtained, then the modeling method based on grid-like data is invoked, including: A three-dimensional surface is formed separately for each mesh in the cross-section; Three-dimensional geological bodies are formed by encapsulating three-dimensional curved surfaces; A full-range three-dimensional geological model is formed by fusing the three-dimensional geological bodies within each grid. If multi-source data is obtained, a modeling method combining the layer-by-layer volumetric approach and the level approach based on multi-source data is invoked, including: For the multi-source data after normalized profile processing, perform the following operations: The soil layer model is constructed using a layer-by-layer method. Since soil layer models generally do not have a dip, the soil layer model can be constructed from top to bottom using a layer-by-layer method based on the soil layer lines of the three-dimensional grid. Constructing a rock strata model includes: For cases where the rock strata dip gently, a top-down, layer-by-layer modeling method is used based on the rock strata stratigraphic lines of the three-dimensional raster to construct the rock strata model of the modeling area from top to bottom. For cases with steep rock strata dip, a rock strata bedding information model is established based on the grid bedding lines. Based on the spatial location of each rock strata bedding, a three-dimensional interpolation method is used to construct the rock strata model of the modeling area. Combine soil and rock strata models to form a three-dimensional geological model.

9. The method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of constructing an underground structure model based on underground structure data and construction rules includes: Based on the data of underground structures, an underground structure model is constructed by stretching, and corresponding textures and colors are set to form an underground structure model of underground chambers, underground foundations, and underground pipelines. The process of constructing a surface structure model based on surface structure data and construction rules includes: Import surface structure data into modeling software, and construct surface structure models based on the surface structure's planar and attribute information, as well as the corresponding textures and colors.

10. The method for constructing an information model for urban-level geotechnical engineering investigation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The model integration step further includes: According to the construction rules, name the geotechnical engineering investigation information model in the modeling area; If a model operation instruction is obtained, then the corresponding operation is performed on the geotechnical engineering investigation information model according to the model operation instruction.

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