Metal antenna radiation structure and antenna array

Abstract

The application discloses a metal antenna radiation structure and an antenna array, and relates to the technical field of communication. In the main body radiation structure, more than two levels of layered structures are arranged along the height direction, the lateral size of each layer is gradually increased from bottom to top, a stepped expansion amplification structure is formed, gradual transition and impedance smooth change of electromagnetic energy in the vertical direction are realized, effective radiation is realized without loading high-loss dielectric materials, and the problem of efficiency reduction caused by dielectric loss is reduced. The multi-stage metal gradual expansion structure can compress the overall height under the premise of guaranteeing the radiation performance and bandwidth characteristics, optimize the current distribution, enhance the directivity control ability, provide a structural basis for compact arrangement and suppression of grating lobes of the array, and is suitable for low-profile, miniaturization and high-efficiency application scenarios. The technical problems that the radiation efficiency is insufficient and the structural thickness is difficult to be considered under the condition of low profile are solved, and the technical effects that high-efficiency radiation and structural compactness are realized while reducing loss are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a metal antenna radiating structure and antenna array. Background Technology

[0002] Phased array antennas achieve rapid scanning and flexible adjustment of beam pointing by controlling the feed phase of array elements, and are widely used in radar, communication, and aerospace fields. With the development of UAV-borne radar, satellite communication, and highly integrated electronic devices, systems have placed higher demands on antenna miniaturization, low profile, and high efficiency, making low-profile phased array antennas an important development direction.

[0003] Low-profile phased array antennas in related technologies often employ dielectric radiating elements, achieving miniaturization and structural compression by loading dielectric materials with different dielectric constants. However, due to high dielectric losses, radiation efficiency is reduced and energy utilization is low, making it difficult to meet the requirements of applications with strict power efficiency and system energy consumption requirements. On the other hand, all-metal phased array antennas constructed using magnetoelectric dipoles or Vivaldi antennas typically have a high structural profile, making it difficult to effectively compress the overall thickness and adapt to application environments with strict limitations on low profile, such as UAV platforms and conformal installations. Furthermore, improper array structure parameter design during beam scanning can easily generate grating lobes, affecting system directivity and anti-interference performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a metal antenna radiation structure and antenna array to at least solve the technical problems of insufficient radiation efficiency and difficulty in balancing structural thickness under low profile conditions in related technologies, and achieves the technical effect of high-efficiency radiation and compact structure while reducing loss.

[0005] This application provides a metal antenna radiating structure, including a main radiating structure, wherein the main radiating structure includes a plurality of layered structures arranged sequentially along the height direction, and the number of the layered structures is greater than 2;

[0006] The lateral dimensions of the layered structure increase progressively from bottom to top along the height direction to form a stepped enlarged structure that gradually expands from bottom to top.

[0007] This application also provides an antenna array, including multiple metal antenna radiating structures as described above, wherein the multiple metal antenna radiating structures are arranged in a rectangular array.

[0008] This application achieves a stepped expansion structure by incorporating more than two levels of layered metal structures along the height of the main radiating structure, with the lateral dimensions of each layer increasing progressively from bottom to top. This results in a gradual transition of electromagnetic energy and smooth impedance transformation in the vertical direction, enabling effective radiation without the need for high-loss dielectric materials and reducing efficiency degradation caused by dielectric losses. Simultaneously, the multi-level, progressively expanding metal structure can compress the overall height while maintaining radiation performance and bandwidth characteristics, optimizing current distribution and enhancing directional control capabilities. This provides a structural basis for compact array arrangement and grating lobe suppression, making it suitable for low-profile, miniaturized, and high-efficiency applications. It solves the technical problem of insufficient radiation efficiency and difficulty in balancing structural thickness under low-profile conditions, achieving both high-efficiency radiation and structural compactness while reducing losses. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1 A side view of the main radiating structure in a metal antenna radiating structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0011] Figure 2 This is a top view of the main radiating structure in a metal antenna radiating structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 3 This is a front view of the main radiating structure in a metal antenna radiating structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0013] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0015] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. The terms "first," "second," etc., in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0017] The following is combined with Figure 1 The radiation structure of the metal antenna is described.

[0018] In a first aspect, this application provides a metal antenna radiating structure, including a main radiating structure, the main radiating structure including a plurality of layered structures arranged sequentially along the height direction, the number of layered structures being greater than 2;

[0019] The lateral dimensions of the layered structure increase gradually from bottom to top along the height direction to form a stepped enlarged structure that expands gradually from bottom to top.

[0020] In this embodiment, the main radiating structure includes multiple layered structures arranged sequentially along the height direction, with the number of layered structures being greater than two. These multiple layered structures form a hierarchical stacked relationship in space, giving the main radiating structure a segmented geometric shape along the height direction. Each layered structure has a certain dimension in the lateral direction, and there are clear dimensional differences between adjacent layered structures. These differences appear continuously along the height direction, giving the main radiating structure a distinct hierarchical expansion shape. This hierarchical structure can be formed, but is not limited to, using sheet metal processing; it can also be formed as a single structure through integral milling or lamination welding.

[0021] The lateral dimensions of the layered structure increase progressively from bottom to top along the height, creating a stepped, amplified structure that expands gradually from bottom to top in the main radiating structure. As electromagnetic signals propagate from the lower to the upper regions, the current distribution path gradually unfolds with the increase in lateral dimensions, resulting in segmented transitions between different levels of the electromagnetic field. Due to the progressively expanding dimensional changes, the current is redistributed at the edges of each layered structure, causing the radiation region to gradually expand along the height direction, rather than being concentrated in a single plane.

[0022] The stepped, enlarged form of multiple layered structures can create an approximately gradual spatial contour. Compared to single-level or bi-level structures, the continuous variation in geometric dimensions of multi-level layered structures allows the main radiating structure to exhibit multiple equivalent radiation regions within the operating frequency range. Each level of the layered structure can participate in the radiation process, with different current density distributions corresponding to different height positions, and the overall radiation behavior manifests as the superposition of multiple sub-regions. The specific number of levels in the layered structure can be, but is not limited to, three, four, or more levels. Figure 1 The diagram shows 5 levels (H1-H5 correspond to the height of the 5-level layered structure, respectively). The specific number of levels can be selected according to the working frequency and size requirements.

[0023] In this embodiment, the stepped amplification structure expands the radiation area spatially through gradual geometric expansion, altering the current path length and distribution. Compared to single-slot or dual-slot antenna unit structures in related technologies, the multi-level gradually varying horn radiation slot structure proposed in this embodiment can further reduce electromagnetic losses by using a multi-level rectangular waveguide necklace structure to gradually emit electromagnetic energy, significantly increasing the controllability of traditional electromagnetic radiation slots, with controllable parameters more than doubled. This structure, while maintaining a metallic composition, achieves graded adjustment of the electromagnetic field through shape changes, completing the radiation process without relying on additional dielectric materials. The main radiation structure exhibits a stable solid form, with continuous conductor paths formed by solid connections between the layers, allowing current to be smoothly conducted and participate in radiation along the height direction.

[0024] In one alternative embodiment, the difference in lateral dimension between two adjacent layered structures from top to bottom is equal.

[0025] In this embodiment, the difference in lateral dimension between two adjacent layered structures from top to bottom is equal, meaning that the expansion range of each layered structure in the height direction remains consistent. Specifically, if the lateral dimension of the topmost layered structure is Wt, then the next layer is Wt-ΔL, the next layer is Wt-2ΔL, and so on, where ΔL is a fixed value. Figure 1 (Not shown in the diagram). This arithmetic progression gives the main radiating structure a regular stepped geometric shape, with a uniformly expanding segmented profile in side view. This difference can be set, but is not limited to, based on the size ratio corresponding to the operating frequency, or selected according to the minimum size step allowed by the manufacturing process.

[0026] Because the lateral dimensional changes between the various layers remain consistent, the current spread at different height levels exhibits a linear progression. The redistribution of current at the edges of each layer has similar characteristics, resulting in a smoother expansion of the electromagnetic field along the height direction. The uniform variation in geometric dimensions across multiple layers gives the main radiating structure a regular spatial scale variation. This structural form facilitates dimensional design and mass production; the layered structure can be configured with, but is not limited to, three, four, or more layers, as long as the lateral dimensional differences between adjacent layers remain consistent.

[0027] In one alternative embodiment, the difference in lateral dimension between two adjacent layered structures increases sequentially from top to bottom.

[0028] In this embodiment, the difference in lateral dimensions between two adjacent layered structures increases progressively from top to bottom; that is, the closer a layered structure is to the bottom, the greater the difference in dimensions between it and the layer above it. For example, Figure 1 In the middle, the difference between the top layer and the second layer is d. w1 The distance between the second and third layers is d. w2 , and d w2 Greater than d w1 , increasing sequentially (ultimately satisfying d) w1 <d w2 <d w3 <d w4 This configuration causes the expansion rate of the main radiating structure in the height direction to vary non-linearly, resulting in an overall shape that exhibits a stepped enlargement structure from gentle to steep. The dimensional difference can increase in an arithmetic, geometric, or preset functional relationship, but is not limited to this.

[0029] In this embodiment, as the difference in lateral dimensions increases progressively, the lateral expansion of the layered structure closer to the top is more pronounced, resulting in a wider current path in the upper region, while the lower layered structure maintains a relatively narrow current distribution. When current is conducted upwards to the larger upper layered structure, it expands over a larger lateral range, thus extending the current density distribution area. The non-uniform spatial expansion of multiple layered structures causes the main radiating structure to exhibit a geometric characteristic of transitioning from relative convergence to significant expansion in the height direction. This structural form can be customized according to specific application scenarios. For example, when the overall size is limited, by controlling the size jump of the upper layered structure, the radiating area can be concentrated in a larger lateral region at a higher level, achieving a matching relationship between height and lateral dimensions.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, Figure 1 W in s Size is 5mm-10mm, W t The size is 20mm-36mm, and dw1 The diameter is less than 6mm. The operating frequency of this structure is less than 10GHz.

[0031] In one alternative embodiment, the difference in lateral dimensions between two adjacent layered structures is related to the operating wavelength of the metal antenna radiating structure.

[0032] In this embodiment, the difference in lateral dimensions between two adjacent layered structures is related to the operating wavelength of the metal antenna radiating structure. Since the metal antenna radiating structure corresponds to a specific electromagnetic wave wavelength at its operating frequency, the geometric dimensions of the layered structures directly affect the current distribution range and the scale of the electromagnetic field expansion. Therefore, the difference in lateral dimensions between each layered structure can be set according to this operating wavelength. Specifically, the difference can be selected, but is not limited to, according to a fixed proportion of the operating wavelength, such as taking a fraction of the operating wavelength, or determining the dimension increment based on empirical formulas, so that the geometric scale and the electromagnetic scale maintain a corresponding relationship.

[0033] When the operating wavelength changes, the lateral dimension difference between two adjacent layered structures can also be adjusted accordingly. For example, at higher operating frequencies, the electromagnetic wave wavelength is shorter, and the dimension difference between the layered structures can be reduced accordingly; at lower operating frequencies, the electromagnetic wave wavelength is longer, and the dimension difference between the layered structures can be increased accordingly. By establishing a correlation between the lateral dimension difference and the operating wavelength, the main radiating structure maintains a geometric proportion that matches the electromagnetic field distribution under different frequency conditions. This correlation can be, but is not limited to, a linear proportional relationship, or it can be a nonlinear functional relationship, depending on the design requirements and dimensional constraints.

[0034] In one alternative embodiment, each layered structure has a rectangular structure in the side view direction.

[0035] In this embodiment, each layered structure is rectangular in side view. That is, when the main radial structure is viewed from the side, the outline of each layered structure is formed by mutually perpendicular straight lines, creating a regular rectangular shape. The rectangular structure has clearly defined length and width boundaries, and the stepped transitions between the layers are presented at right angles, making the overall stepped enlarged structure appear as a hierarchical stacked rectangle in side view. This rectangular structure can be, but is not limited to, a standard rectangle, or it can be a near-square structure.

[0036] Rectangular structures are easy to fabricate using conventional metalworking methods, such as sheet metal cutting, CNC milling, or stamping. Since the rectangular outline is composed of straight lines, the machining path is relatively clear, and dimensional control is straightforward. The lateral dimensional differences between the layers can be achieved through simple length variations. When multiple rectangular layered structures are arranged sequentially along the height direction, a main radial structure can be formed through integral machining or layered splicing. Specific implementation methods can include, but are not limited to, integral molding or modular assembly.

[0037] In one alternative embodiment, the corners of the layered structure are rounded. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image).

[0038] In this embodiment, the corners of the layered structure are rounded, meaning that an arc transition is used instead of a right angle at the intersection of the rectangular structure's edges, giving the corner contours a curved shape. These rounded corners can be, but are not limited to, fixed-radius arcs, or different radius values ​​can be set according to the size proportions. By creating a smooth transition at the corners, the layered structure no longer exhibits sharp corners at locations where the lateral dimensions change, the continuous metal boundaries maintain a curved connection, and the overall shape of the main radial structure presents a contour formed by straight edges and arc-shaped corners.

[0039] The following is combined with Figure 2 The top view of the main radial structure is described.

[0040] In one optional embodiment, at least one hierarchical structure in the main radial structure is an integral plate-like structure, and the hierarchical structure includes widened regions on both sides and a narrowed region in the middle in the length direction, and the width of the narrowed region is smaller than the width of the widened region.

[0041] The narrowed area has several recessed structures.

[0042] In this embodiment, at least one hierarchical structure in the main radiating structure is an integral plate-like structure, and this hierarchical structure is in the length direction ( Figure 2 The area marked 'c' corresponds to the overall length of the hierarchical structure in the length direction, including the widened areas on both sides. Figure 2 The area marked as b1 (where c1 is the length of the widened area along the length direction) and the narrowed area in the middle ( Figure 2The area marked as b2 is narrower than the widened area. This geometry causes the current distribution along its length to change from wide to narrow and then back to wide. When the current propagates along the main radiating structure to the narrowed area, the lateral distribution space decreases, the current path contracts in the middle region, and the electromagnetic field distribution concentrates within the narrowed area. This plate-like structure can be formed, but is not limited to, from a single metal plate, or the narrowed area can be achieved through local widening within a hierarchical structure.

[0043] The narrowed area has several recessed structures. Figure 2 The recessed structure forms a locally concave profile on the continuous boundary of the metal, further extending the equivalent current path within the narrowed region. As current flows near the recessed structure, it redistributes along the recess boundary, causing some energy to concentrate locally within the narrowed region. This structural form compresses electromagnetic energy in the central region, concentrating the dominant current mode more in the central area and reducing the participation of the peripheral areas. The recessed structure can be, but is not limited to, rectangular, arc-shaped, or other regular shapes, and its number can be determined according to specific dimensions. The recessed structure is disposed on at least one surface along the length of the narrowed region, and the recessed structure is configured to extend along the width of the narrowed region.

[0044] Due to the narrowing region and recessed structure limiting the current path, the number of intrinsic modes that can be supported within the main radiating structure is relatively reduced. Some higher-order modes, under geometric constraints, struggle to form a stable distribution within the operating frequency band, and their corresponding resonance conditions are shifted to higher frequency regions. Thus, within a given size, the operating frequency band is dominated by lower-order dominant modes, with high-frequency energy gradually weakening or shifting. Compared to a traditional double-ridged horn-radiating phased array antenna with the same external dimensions, this structure exhibits a more concentrated current distribution within the effective radiation region, a more compact structural form, and a more concentrated energy utilization.

[0045] It is important to understand that the aforementioned recessed structure is set in the narrowing region when the width of the hierarchical structure is greater than the first preset value and the length is greater than the second preset value. In other words, a recessed structure is formed on the corresponding surface of the narrowing region only when the hierarchical structure meets certain geometric dimensional conditions in both the lateral and length directions. The first and second preset values ​​can be set based on, but are not limited to, the proportion of the working wavelength, the processing limit dimensions, or the current distribution range. When the hierarchical structure size is large, the current has sufficient expansion space within the narrowing region. In this case, by setting the recessed structure, the local boundary morphology can be changed, causing the current path to extend further within the narrowing region.

[0046] When the width of the hierarchical structure is no greater than a first preset value, or the length is no greater than a second preset value, the hierarchical structure only includes widened and narrowed regions, without any recessed structures. In this case, due to the limited overall size of the hierarchical structure, the space available for current redistribution within the narrowed region is small. Continuing to include recessed structures could further reduce the effective metal area. Therefore, maintaining simple widened and narrowed region shapes in smaller hierarchical structures ensures continuous geometric contours. By selecting whether to include recessed structures based on width and length conditions, each hierarchical structure can adopt different forms within different size ranges, achieving a match between structural complexity and size.

[0047] In one alternative embodiment, the widened region is symmetrically arranged about the centerline of the narrowed region, and the two surfaces of the narrowed region extending along the length direction are each provided with at least two recessed structures.

[0048] In this embodiment, the widened region is symmetrically positioned about the centerline of the narrowed region. That is, with the centerline of the narrowed region as a reference, the widened regions on either side of the centerline maintain a corresponding relationship in geometric dimensions and contour. This symmetrical structure makes the main radiating structure mirror-image distributed on both sides along its length. When current propagates along the structure, the current path length and distribution pattern on both sides of the centerline remain consistent. The electromagnetic field distribution in the lateral direction is therefore symmetrical, avoiding current offset caused by structural bias. This centerline can be, but is not limited to, the geometric centerline along the length of the narrowed region.

[0049] The narrowing region has at least two recessed structures on each of its two surfaces extending along its length. That is, multiple recessed structures are formed on both opposite sides of the narrowing region, distributed along its length at the lateral boundaries. When current passes through the narrowing region, it is not only limited by the width in the lateral direction but also experiences localized path extension in the length direction due to the presence of the recessed structures. The presence of recessed structures on both surfaces creates a double-sided constraint within the narrowing region, resulting in a segmented current distribution along its length. The number of recessed structures can be, but is not limited to, two, three, or more, as long as multiple concave contours are formed on each of the two surfaces.

[0050] In one alternative embodiment, the recessed structures on the same surface are symmetrically arranged about the centerline of the narrowed region.

[0051] In this embodiment, the recessed structures on the same surface are symmetrically arranged about the centerline of the narrowed region. That is, on either side of the narrowed region, multiple recessed structures are mirror-distributed with respect to the centerline of the narrowed region. Specifically, when two or more recessed structures are provided on the surface, the recessed structures on one side of the centerline are corresponding to those on the other side in shape, size, and position, so that the surface maintains a left-right symmetrical state in terms of geometric contour. The centerline can be, but is not limited to, the geometric centerline of the narrowed region along its length.

[0052] The recessed structures on the same surface are symmetrical about the centerline, resulting in a symmetrical distribution of current near the surface. When the current passes through the recessed structure, it redistributes along the concave boundary. The corresponding recessed structures on both sides ensure that the current path maintains a consistent length and degree of curvature on both sides of the centerline. This symmetrical arrangement balances the geometric constraints of the narrowing region along its length, avoiding current bias caused by a single-sided recess. The number of recessed structures can be, but is not limited to, two, four, or any other even number, as long as they are symmetrically distributed around the centerline on the same surface.

[0053] In one alternative embodiment, the recessed structures located on different surfaces are symmetrically arranged about a first symmetry plane, which is perpendicular to the midline.

[0054] In this embodiment, the recessed structures located on different surfaces are symmetrically arranged about a first plane of symmetry, and the first plane of symmetry is perpendicular to the centerline. That is, the recessed structures arranged on two opposite surfaces of the narrowing region form a mirror image relationship with a plane perpendicular to the centerline as the symmetry reference. This first plane of symmetry may be, but is not limited to, a plane passing through the geometric center of the narrowing region and perpendicular to the centerline. When viewed from this plane of symmetry, the recessed structures on the two surfaces correspond to each other in position, size, and contour.

[0055] The recessed structures on different surfaces are symmetrically distributed around the first symmetry plane, giving the narrowed region a spatially corresponding geometric relationship, either front-to-back or top-to-bottom. When current extends its path at a recessed structure on one surface, a similar path change occurs at the corresponding position on the other surface, maintaining a spatially corresponding current distribution on both surfaces. This arrangement creates a bilaterally symmetrical constraint structure within the narrowed region, with the geometric boundaries remaining balanced in the direction perpendicular to the centerline. The recessed structures can be, but are not limited to, having the same number and size on both surfaces, or they can be arranged proportionally while maintaining symmetry.

[0056] In one alternative embodiment, all recessed structures extend to the same depth in the lateral direction. For example, the extension depth is all b3.

[0057] In this embodiment, all recessed structures have the same lateral extension depth, meaning that the distance each recessed structure indents from the outer boundary of the narrowing region remains consistent. Regardless of the surface on which the recessed structure is located or its length position, its lateral indentation dimension is the same, ensuring a uniform degree of local widening of the narrowing region in the lateral direction. This extension depth can be set based on, but is not limited to, the overall width ratio of the narrowing region, for example, by taking a fixed proportional value of the width of the narrowing region.

[0058] Because the lateral extension depth of each recessed structure is consistent, the path extension amplitude of the current when passing through different recessed positions is basically the same, forming a repetitive and regular boundary shape within the narrowed region. The consistent lateral influence of multiple recessed structures results in a uniform concave feature in the geometric contour of the narrowed region. This structural form facilitates uniform dimensional control during machining; each recessed structure can be formed using the same tool parameters or mold dimensions, thus maintaining a consistent lateral concavity dimension within the overall structure.

[0059] In one alternative embodiment, the sum of the distances of the two recessed structures located on different surfaces extending in the width direction is less than the width of the narrowed region.

[0060] In this embodiment, the sum of the distances extended along the width direction of the two recessed structures located on different surfaces is less than the width of the narrowed region. That is, when recessed structures are respectively provided on two opposite surfaces of the narrowed region, there is a total limit to the total lateral extension distance of each recessed structure, ensuring that the total indentation of the two recessed structures in the width direction does not exceed the overall width of the narrowed region. Therefore, a continuous metal connection area is maintained within the narrowed region, preventing the two recessed structures from penetrating each other in the width direction.

[0061] By limiting the sum of the lateral extension distances of the two recessed structures to less than the width of the narrowed region, a solid portion unreduced by the recess is formed in the middle of the narrowed region. Current can maintain a continuous conduction path in this middle region, avoiding excessive reduction of the conductor cross-section due to excessively deep recesses. This distance relationship can be, but is not limited to, being a certain proportion of the width of the narrowed region, such as less than half or other preset proportions, as long as the two recessed structures do not overlap in the lateral direction.

[0062] In one optional embodiment, the main radiating structure is a cuboid structure, and the recessed structure is a rectangular groove structure. Figure 2 In the diagram, c2 is the distance between two adjacent edges of the two concave structures, and c4 is the distance between the outer edge of one of the concave structures and the inner edge of the adjacent widened region.

[0063] In this embodiment, the main radial structure is a cuboid structure, meaning its overall shape is formed by mutually perpendicular planes enclosing a regular three-dimensional form. Each layer of the structure maintains straight sidewalls and straight boundaries in areas without recessed structures. The cuboid structure has clearly defined length, width, and height directions in space, and these directions maintain a perpendicular relationship, giving the main radial structure a regular geometric outline. This cuboid structure can be formed, but is not limited to, from a single metal block, or it can be formed by stacking and splicing sheet metal.

[0064] The recessed structure is a rectangular groove structure, meaning it forms an inward concave structure with straight groove walls and a bottom on the surface of the narrowed region, with a rectangular cross-section. The rectangular groove structure has clearly defined width and depth dimensions in the width direction, and the groove walls remain parallel or perpendicular to the sidewalls of the main radiating structure. Current redistributes along the straight boundaries when passing through the edges of the rectangular groove structure, forming a regular path variation. The dimensions of the rectangular groove can be, but are not limited to, set according to the overall width proportion of the narrowed region, so that the recessed structure maintains the same straight boundary characteristics as the cuboid structure in terms of geometry.

[0065] Figure 2 The values ​​of parameter b1 are 22mm-39mm, parameter b2 are 6mm-17mm, parameter b3 are 0.2mm-3mm, parameter c1 is 7mm-20mm, parameter c2 is 2mm-9mm, and parameter c3 is 0.5mm-5mm.

[0066] Figure 3 In the diagram, the front view is a rectangular structure, where the two sides of the rectangle have lengths W and W respectively. tot and H tot W tot The numerical value ranges from 24mm to 36mm, H tot The numerical value ranges from 26mm to 35mm.

[0067] In one alternative embodiment, the corners of the main radiating structure are rounded.

[0068] In this embodiment, the corners of the main radial structure are rounded, meaning that at the intersection of adjacent planes of the cuboid structure, an arc transition is used to replace the right-angled edges, creating a continuous curved profile at the original edge positions. This rounding can be, but is not limited to, a fixed-radius arc, or different radius values ​​can be set according to the overall size proportion of the main radial structure, ensuring that the corner transitions are geometrically consistent or proportionally varied.

[0069] By creating rounded corners at each point, the outer contour of the main radiating structure no longer has sharp edges, and the metal boundaries are connected as continuous curved surfaces. Current flows along the curved boundaries at the corners, no longer concentrating at the right-angle intersections. The rounded corner structure can be achieved through milling, chamfering, or die forming, allowing the main radiating structure to maintain its overall rectangular shape while creating a smooth transition at the corners.

[0070] Secondly, this application provides an antenna array, such as Figure 4 It includes multiple metal antenna radiating structures as described above, and these multiple metal antenna radiating structures are arranged in a rectangular array.

[0071] In one optional embodiment, multiple metal antenna radiating structures are equally spaced along the length direction on a rectangular array, and the distance between the same side of two adjacent metal antenna radiating structures perpendicular to the length direction is a first distance (e.g., ...). Figure 4 g in h );

[0072] Multiple metal antenna radiating structures are arranged at equal intervals along the width direction, and the distance between the same side of two adjacent metal antenna radiating structures perpendicular to the width direction is the second distance (e.g., Figure 4 g in v );

[0073] The electromagnetic wave wavelength corresponding to the horizontal direction of the metal antenna radiating structure at the operating frequency when both the first and second distances are less than 0.5 times.

[0074] In this embodiment, multiple metal antenna radiating structures are equally spaced along the length direction on the rectangular array, and the distance between the same side of two adjacent metal antenna radiating structures perpendicular to the length direction is the first distance; multiple metal antenna radiating structures are equally spaced along the width direction, wherein... Figure 4 The notches in the middle of the left and right sides of each metal antenna radiating structure are for connection with adjacent metal antenna radiating structures; their specific shape or structure is not limited. The distance between the same side of two adjacent metal antenna radiating structures perpendicular to the width direction is the second distance. The first and second distances correspond to the unit period size of the array in two orthogonal directions, respectively, and the multiple metal antenna radiating structures form a regular periodic distribution in the plane. These first and second distances can be set according to, but are not limited to, the structural dimensions or installation boundaries.

[0075] According to the radiation theory of phased array antennas, there is a correspondence between the array element period and the position of the grating lobe. d is the unit period. θ m For the first m The angle of the first-order grating lobem The order of the grating lobes. △Φ The feed phase difference between adjacent antenna elements. λ s The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave corresponds to the operating frequency. When the element period is too large, undesirable grating lobes are easily generated within a certain scanning angle range. To limit the generation of grating lobes within the operating frequency band, in this embodiment, the first distance and the second distance are limited to less than 0.5 times the electromagnetic wave wavelength corresponding to the horizontal direction of the metal antenna radiating structure at the operating frequency. When the element period is less than this proportional relationship, it is not easy to form propagable grating lobe components within the conventional scanning range. This electromagnetic wave wavelength can be, but is not limited to, free space wavelengths.

[0076] In practical implementation, the first and second distances can be selected according to the operating frequency. For example, in common microwave frequency bands, the first and second distances can be set within the range of 20mm to 45mm, so that the array units are both compactly arranged and the proportional relationship between the period size and the wavelength is satisfied. By controlling the values ​​of the first and second distances, the unit period of the rectangular array in both directions is kept within a preset range, and the array forms a regular and controlled spatial sampling structure in the plane.

[0077] This application achieves precise control of electromagnetic wave transmission and reception characteristics by changing the metal material and periodic parameters of each metal radiating antenna structure in the antenna array. By calculating the electromagnetic wave distribution mode of the antenna element and adjusting the unnecessary high-order modes to the high-frequency band, high-efficiency electromagnetic transmission and reception can be achieved.

[0078] In summary, the five-level gradually varying horn radiating slot structure proposed in this application enables highly precise adjustment of the horn radiation angle and energy efficiency, improving the energy efficiency of the antenna array and the signal-to-noise ratio of the communication system. Through the design of a reasonable second-order electromagnetic control structure, effective filtering of higher-order electromagnetic modes can be achieved, enabling high-precision electromagnetic transmission and reception. This structure can be applied to wireless communication systems in compact mobile devices, such as robots and vehicles.

[0079] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method.

[0080] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0081] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a metal antenna radiation structure and antenna array provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only intended to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A metal antenna radiating structure, characterized in that, It includes a main radiating structure, which comprises multiple layered structures arranged sequentially along the height direction, with the number of layered structures being greater than 2; the main radiating structure as a whole presents a stable solid shape, and the layered structures are connected by solid structures to form a continuous conductor path; The lateral dimensions of the layered structure increase gradually from bottom to top along the height direction to form a stepped enlarged structure that gradually expands from bottom to top; At least one of the hierarchical structures in the main radial structure is an integral plate-like structure. The hierarchical structure includes widened regions on both sides and a narrowed region in the middle along the length direction. The width of the narrowed region is smaller than the width of the widened region. The narrowed area has several recessed structures.

2. The metal antenna radiating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference in lateral dimension between two adjacent layered structures from top to bottom is equal.

3. The metal antenna radiating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference in lateral dimension between two adjacent layered structures increases sequentially from top to bottom.

4. The metal antenna radiating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference in lateral dimension between two adjacent layered structures is related to the operating wavelength of the metal antenna radiating structure.

5. The metal antenna radiating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the layered structures has a rectangular structure when viewed from the side.

6. The metal antenna radiating structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The corners of the layered structure are rounded.

7. The metal antenna radiating structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The widened region is symmetrically arranged about the centerline of the narrowed region, and the two surfaces of the narrowed region extending along the length direction are respectively provided with at least two of the recessed structures.

8. The metal antenna radiating structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The recessed structures located on the same surface are symmetrically arranged about the centerline of the narrowed region.

9. The metal antenna radiating structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The recessed structures located on different surfaces are symmetrically arranged about a first symmetry plane, which is perpendicular to the midline.

10. The metal antenna radiating structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, All of the aforementioned recessed structures have the same depth of extension in the lateral direction.

11. The metal antenna radiating structure according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The main radiating structure is a cuboid structure, and the recessed structure is a rectangular groove structure.

12. The metal antenna radiating structure according to claim 11, characterized in that, The corners of the main radiating structure are rounded.

13. An antenna array, characterized in that, It includes multiple metal antenna radiating structures as described in any one of claims 1-12, wherein the multiple metal antenna radiating structures are arranged in a rectangular array.

14. The antenna array according to claim 13, characterized in that, On the rectangular array, a plurality of metal antenna radiating structures are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction, and the distance between the same side of two adjacent metal antenna radiating structures perpendicular to the length direction is the first distance; The plurality of metal antenna radiating structures arranged along the width direction are equally spaced, and the distance between the same side of two adjacent metal antenna radiating structures perpendicular to the width direction is the second distance; Both the first distance and the second distance are less than 0.5 times the electromagnetic wave wavelength corresponding to the horizontal direction of the metal antenna radiating structure at the operating frequency.

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