Global coordination type energy storage system and method based on whole heterogeneous battery pack

Abstract

The invention discloses a global coordination type energy storage system based on a whole heterogeneous battery pack. The global coordination type energy storage system comprises an energy management system, a simulation vehicle control unit VCU, a charging management system CMS and an isolation type bidirectional V2G power module. The energy management system is used for executing a global coordination strategy, acquiring real-time data of each heterogeneous battery whole pack through a state evaluation module and a power distribution module, and running a self-adaptive power distribution algorithm to generate a personalized power instruction; automatic identification of a VCU (vehicle control unit) is simulated, and different BMS (battery management system) communication protocols are adapted, so that standardized data transmission is realized; the charging management system CMS is responsible for safety check and execution monitoring of a power instruction; and the isolated bidirectional V2G power supply module uniformly grids the whole pack of direct current of the batteries with different voltage levels through isolated transformation. According to the invention, the problems of difficult integration and extensive management caused by the isomerism of the whole decommissioned power battery pack in protocol, voltage and capacity are solved, and the efficiency, safety and economy of the system are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of new energy storage technology and circular economy, and particularly to a global coordination type energy storage system and method based on heterogeneous battery packages. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the vigorous development of the electric vehicle industry, the first batch of power batteries of electric vehicles put into the market have entered the large-scale retirement period. How to deal with these retired power batteries has become a major issue related to environmental protection, resource recycling and sustainable development of the industry. Tapping, i.e. applying these retired batteries to fields with relatively low requirements such as energy storage, is recognized as one of the most promising solutions, which can significantly extend the life cycle of the battery, improve its economic value throughout the life cycle, and reduce the "carbon footprint". Among the many tapping schemes, whole-pack tapping is favored because it can maximize the preservation of the original structure of the battery pack, avoid complex disassembly and recombination processes, reduce the risk of secondary pollution, and save a lot of labor and cost. However, whole-pack tapping faces serious technical challenges in engineering practice, and the core problem lies in its inherent "heterogeneity". These retired battery packs come from different car companies, different models and different batches, resulting in significant differences in communication protocols, electrical parameters and performance states, such as communication protocol heterogeneity, voltage heterogeneity, and capacity and state of health heterogeneity. This heterogeneity makes it difficult for traditional energy storage systems to achieve efficient and safe integration and management.

[0003] Currently, the solutions widely used in the industry cannot effectively and economically solve the above-mentioned "heterogeneity" problem, which seriously restricts the large-scale application and commercialization of whole-pack tapping technology. Existing technical methods mainly fall into the following categories: (1) Disassembly and recombination type tapping energy storage system: this scheme completely disassembles the recovered retired whole-pack PACK to the cell or module level, detects, selects and reassembles them to form new battery packs with good consistency, and then integrates them into the energy storage system. However, for disassembly and recombination schemes, the process is tedious and costly, and disassembly, detection and recombination require a large amount of labor, equipment and time, greatly offsetting the economic benefits of tapping; at the same time, physical disassembly can easily lead to safety risks such as electrolyte leakage and short circuit, and environmental pollution, and also destroys the structural strength, thermal management performance and BMS protection strategy of the original design, introducing new uncertainties.

[0004] (2) Single-protocol or homogenous PACK-based energy storage system: This scheme collects only retired whole packs from the same manufacturer with the same or similar communication protocol and voltage level through screening, builds an energy storage system, and uses a centralized energy management system for management. However, for the single-protocol or homogenous PACK-based scheme, the battery source is limited, which severely limits the available retired battery resource pool and cannot form a scale effect, and the supply chain is fragile; in addition, this is essentially a "avoiding problem" rather than a "solving problem", even if the homogenous PACK, the capacity and health state still exist differences, the centralized management system is difficult to realize fine and personalized management, which is easy to lead to the bucket effect and affect the overall performance of the system.

[0005] (3) Whole-pack energy storage system with preliminary compatibility: Some existing technologies propose systems with certain compatibility, such as setting up multiple independent charging channels to adapt to different voltages, or separately adapting to a few common communication protocols, but they are not fully compatible with the retired PACK of the later national standard GB27930 protocol. However, for the scheme with preliminary compatibility, the compatibility is limited and rigid, and it can usually only predefine support for a limited number of protocols or voltage levels, lacking "adaptive" ability, and unable to cope with new protocols or niche protocols that may appear in the future, with poor system scalability; more importantly, such schemes lack true global coordination, only realizing "connection" at the physical level, rather than "coordination" at the intelligent level, without a "brain" that can deeply perceive the state of each heterogeneous PACK and perform global optimization of power distribution and life management, resulting in the overall efficiency, safety and economy of the system not being optimal. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery whole packs, which can solve the protocol heterogeneity problem through a software-defined multi-protocol driver library, solve the voltage heterogeneity problem through a modular V2G converter unit, and achieve fine state evaluation and power distribution through a global optimization algorithm, ultimately improving the economy, safety and sustainability of the system.

[0007] To achieve this purpose, a globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery whole packs is designed, which includes: The energy management system is used to execute the global coordination strategy, obtain real-time data of multiple heterogeneous battery whole packs and perform evaluation, obtain battery state evaluation results, and after the battery state evaluation, the adaptive power distribution algorithm is run according to the system total power demand and the battery state evaluation results of each battery whole pack by the power distribution module, generating individualized power instructions for each battery whole pack; Isolated bidirectional V2G power modules are used to couple and convert the DC power of battery packs of different voltage levels into a unified AC power according to personalized power commands, so as to obtain grid-connected power and store it.

[0008] By constructing a platform that combines centralized intelligent decision-making with flexible energy conversion, the energy management system acts as the "intelligent brain" to execute global coordination strategies, surpassing the local management of a single battery pack BMS. Meanwhile, the V2G module acts as the "vascular network," solving the problem of voltage heterogeneity through electrical isolation and bidirectional conversion. This enables plug-and-play integration of heterogeneous battery packs, avoiding costly physical modifications. At the same time, global optimization improves the overall efficiency and safety of the system. For example, during discharge, it prioritizes scheduling battery packs in good health, extending battery life and reducing maintenance costs.

[0009] Preferably, a pretreatment step is included before the new heterogeneous battery pack is connected to the system: Non-destructive scanning inspection and standard charge / discharge capacity testing are performed on retired battery packs. Based on the detection and testing results, a unique identifier containing the communication protocol type, voltage level, rated capacity and health status information of the entire battery pack is generated. All data obtained from the preprocessing steps are summarized to generate a unique label and corresponding electronic file for the heterogeneous battery pack. If all data obtained from the preprocessing steps meet the set requirements, the battery status assessment is passed.

[0010] By introducing preprocessing steps, including non-destructive scanning and capacity testing, and generating a "digital ID card" for the battery pack, a front-end quality control link is constructed to conduct safety assessments and status documentation of the battery before it is connected to the system. This ensures that only qualified battery packs enter the system, reducing the risk of failure and improving system reliability. At the same time, it provides accurate initial data for the global coordinator, enabling the power allocation algorithm to be optimized based on the real state, thereby avoiding overcharging and over-discharging and extending the battery life.

[0011] Preferably, the dynamic allocation process of the adaptive power allocation algorithm specifically includes: Calculate the real-time allowable power value of each online heterogeneous battery pack in the current state: ; in, For the first The state of charge of the entire battery pack For its health status, It is its internal resistance or the performance degradation factor related to its internal resistance. Its temperature state; This is a weighting function used to comprehensively evaluate the current state's limitations on power capability; the nominal maximum charge-discharge power of the battery pack in the current state of health; According to the total power demand of the system The power allocation coefficient of each battery pack is calculated according to the symbol and size : ; Where N is the number of all battery packs in the system in the available state, The sum of the real-time allowed power values of all battery packs.

[0012] Generate and issue personalized power instruction values to the i-th battery pack and its corresponding V2G converter unit: ; According to the personalized power instructions of each battery pack and its corresponding V2G converter unit, dynamic allocation is carried out.

[0013] The allowed power and allocation coefficient of each battery pack are calculated in real time through mathematical formulas, which concretize the abstract coordination strategy into executable algorithms, realize individualized management according to the material, optimize the system efficiency, and avoid the bucket effect. At the same time, the algorithm periodically adjusts to ensure the rapid response of the system in abnormal conditions, maintains the stability of the total power, and improves the robustness.

[0014] Preferably, it further comprises an analog vehicle controller VCU, which is specifically used for: The analog vehicle controller VCU is used to establish a communication connection with the battery management system BMS of each heterogeneous battery pack, automatically identifies the BMS communication protocol and loads the corresponding driver, obtains a standardized communication interface, and parses the raw data obtained from the battery management system BMS into standardized data and uploads it to the energy management system. At the same time, the personalized power instructions of the energy management system are issued to the battery management system BMS of the corresponding heterogeneous battery pack.

[0015] By adding an analog vehicle controller VCU, the protocol heterogeneity problem is solved, and based on a multi-protocol driver library and an automatic identification mechanism, it acts as a "translator" to realize plug-and-play of battery packs without the need for hardware modification to adapt to different BMS protocols, enhancing the flexibility and scalability of the system. For example, when a new protocol battery pack is connected, it can be compatible through software upgrade only, reducing the risk of technology iteration.

[0016] Preferably, it further comprises an isolated bidirectional V2G power module, which is specifically used for: It consists of isolated bipolar converters, namely DC-DC topology plus DC-AC topology units. Each V2G converter unit is independently connected to one of the heterogeneous battery packs, and the output is connected in parallel to a unified AC bus. Each isolated bidirectional V2G power module is controlled by the energy controller.

[0017] By refining the structure of the isolated bidirectional V2G power module, emphasizing that each battery pack is independently connected to the converter unit, electrical isolation and voltage adaptation are provided, preventing circulating current problems when battery packs of different voltage levels are connected in parallel, ensuring grid safety, while the modular design supports flexible expansion of system capacity.

[0018] Preferably, it also includes a charging management system (CMS), specifically used for: The Charging Management System (CMS) receives personalized power commands from the Energy Management System and performs safety checks to obtain safety monitoring results. It also directly controls the isolated bidirectional V2G power modules and contactors in each branch to perform charging and discharging operations, monitors system electrical parameters in real time, and activates protection strategies when electrical parameters are abnormal.

[0019] By constructing multiple safety protections, real-time monitoring of electrical parameters, and rapid isolation in case of faults, the system reliability is improved, preventing the spread of accidents. By further decomposing the CMS into power control execution units and safety monitoring units, refined operation execution and real-time monitoring are achieved, improving the system response speed and processing accuracy. For example, in the case of overcurrent, the power can be reduced in stages or the circuit can be cut off to avoid overall shutdown.

[0020] Preferably, the charging management system further includes: The power control execution unit is used to receive and execute the power control commands issued by the energy management system, and directly control the isolated bidirectional V2G power module and the switching devices in the system circuit. The safety monitoring and protection unit is used to monitor the electrical parameters and branch status of the system in real time, and to execute a graded protection strategy when an anomaly is detected.

[0021] By clarifying that the system includes multiple heterogeneous battery packs derived from retired electric vehicles without dismantling, and that these packs differ in protocol, voltage, or capacity, the system's ability to accept multi-source heterogeneous batteries is emphasized directly, addressing the diversity of battery sources. This significantly expands the battery resource pool, reduces supply chain dependence, enhances the economics and scalability potential of secondary utilization, and avoids the resource waste and cost increases caused by screening for homogeneous batteries in existing technologies.

[0022] The present invention discloses a globally coordinated energy storage method based on heterogeneous battery packs, characterized in that it comprises: The energy management system is used to execute global coordination strategies, acquire and evaluate real-time data of multiple heterogeneous battery packs, and obtain battery status evaluation results. After the battery status evaluation is passed, the power allocation module runs an adaptive power allocation algorithm based on the total power demand of the system and the battery status evaluation results of each battery pack to generate personalized power instructions for each battery pack. Isolated bidirectional V2G power modules are used to couple and convert the DC power of battery packs of different voltage levels into a unified AC power according to personalized power commands, so as to obtain grid-connected power and store it.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention: This invention proposes a globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery packs. By introducing a collaborative architecture of an energy management system (EMS), a simulated vehicle controller (VCU), a charging management system (CMS), and an isolated bidirectional V2G power module, it can effectively solve the technical problems of existing cascaded energy storage systems, such as difficulty in integrating heterogeneous battery packs, extensive management, system rigidity, and poor economic efficiency, and significantly improve the system's performance, safety, and economy.

[0024] By using a software-defined protocol-compatible gateway (simulating a vehicle control unit, VCU) and a modular, isolated bidirectional V2G power module, this invention achieves plug-and-play integration of retired battery packs with varying communication protocols, DC voltage levels, and rated capacities. This significantly broadens battery sourcing, eliminates reliance on batteries from the same source, reduces procurement and screening costs, and achieves true large-scale and low-cost operation, laying a solid foundation for the commercial application of the secondary battery utilization industry.

[0025] Based on the global coordination strategy and adaptive power allocation algorithm of the energy management system, this invention can accurately sense the real-time status of each heterogeneous battery pack (such as State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH)) and dynamically generate personalized power commands. This refined management and differentiated scheduling avoids the "weakest link" effect, prioritizes the use of battery packs with the best health status, protects weaker battery packs, thereby maximizing the utilization of battery value, significantly extending system life, and improving the overall life cycle economics.

[0026] By utilizing the safety monitoring and protection unit of the charging management system (CMS) and the electrical isolation design of the isolated bidirectional V2G power module, this invention constructs a multi-layered safety protection system. This system can monitor electrical parameters in real time and quickly activate graded protection strategies in case of anomalies, ensuring the parallel safety of battery packs with different voltage levels. It solves the core safety hazards caused by heterogeneous integration and achieves highly reliable and safe operation.

[0027] The system's openness and scalability benefit from its software-defined architecture. Protocol-compatible gateways can be upgraded via OTA to adapt to new protocols, and the power conversion matrix supports modular expansion. This makes the system future-proof, enabling it to flexibly respond to technological iterations, avoiding system rigidity, protecting investors' long-term asset value, and reducing operational risks.

[0028] In summary, this invention, through a paradigm shift from avoiding heterogeneity to actively managing heterogeneity, not only solves specific technical problems but also brings revolutionary improvements in economy, safety, flexibility, and sustainability, providing a clear and feasible technical path for the large-scale, high-value utilization of retired power batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the self-test process of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the pretreatment and evaluation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to represent selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Example 1 A globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery packs, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: The energy management system is used to execute global coordination strategies, acquire and evaluate real-time data of multiple heterogeneous battery packs, and obtain battery status evaluation results. After the battery status evaluation is passed, the power allocation module runs an adaptive power allocation algorithm based on the total power demand of the system and the battery status evaluation results of each battery pack to generate personalized power instructions for each battery pack. Isolated bidirectional V2G power modules are used to couple and convert the DC power of battery packs of different voltage levels into a unified AC power according to personalized power commands, so as to obtain grid-connected power and store it.

[0032] Regarding this invention, it should be noted that: Second-use batteries: These are power battery packs (i.e., complete packs) that, after being retired from electric vehicles, have been tested and evaluated and found to meet the requirements for use in other fields in terms of remaining capacity, power, and safety, and can be reused.

[0033] A complete battery pack (PACK) refers to the basic assembly unit of an electric vehicle's power battery, which includes cells, a battery management system (BMS), a thermal management system, electrical connectors, structural components, and a housing. Before and after retirement, it maintains its original physical integration and internal electrical connections as it was at the time of manufacture, without being disassembled and reassembled.

[0034] Heterogeneous battery packs: These refer to a combination of multiple battery packs that differ in at least one of the three dimensions: communication protocol, DC voltage level, and rated capacity. Their "heterogeneity" is specifically reflected in: Protocol heterogeneity: The BMS of each complete PACK follows different charging and discharging communication protocols, including but not limited to the protocol described in Chinese national standard GB / T 27930, as well as the proprietary communication protocols customized by each automobile manufacturer.

[0035] Voltage heterogeneity: The rated operating voltage or normal operating voltage range of each complete PACK is different (e.g., 400V system, 800V system, etc.).

[0036] Capacity heterogeneity: The rated total energy of each complete pack is different due to differences in the number, type or health status of its cells.

[0037] Energy controller: refers to the central control unit in an energy storage system. Its function is to go beyond the local management of a single PACK-BMS through upper-level control strategies, and to perform unified status monitoring, power scheduling and energy management of all heterogeneous battery packs connected in the system, so as to achieve the overall safe, stable and optimal operation of the system.

[0038] The simulated vehicle control unit (VCU) refers to the hardware and software modules in the system used to communicate and exchange data with the battery pack management system (BMS) using different communication protocols. It can automatically identify, adapt to, and parse multiple communication protocols, establishing a standardized data communication bridge between the global coordinator and the BMS of each heterogeneous battery pack.

[0039] Charging control system (CMS): refers to the controller in the system used to establish a communication link and manage the battery pack with the standard GB 27930 charging and discharging protocol. It can autonomously complete the timing specified by the protocol and integrate and manage the various switches required by the protocol.

[0040] Isolated bidirectional V2G power modules: These are collections of multiple independent or reconfigurable isolated bipolar topology DC / DC+DC / AC converter units. Their function is to couple and convert the DC power from heterogeneous battery packs of different voltage levels to a unified AC bus for grid connection, thereby solving the parallel connection problem caused by voltage heterogeneity.

[0041] State assessment model: refers to the algorithm model run by the global coordinator, which estimates and monitors the key state parameters (such as state of charge, state of health, internal resistance, etc.) of each PACK-BMS based on real-time data (such as voltage, current, temperature) and historical operating data obtained from each PACK-BMS.

[0042] GB / T 27930: refers to the People's Republic of China national standard "Communication Protocol between Off-board Conductive Charger and Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles". This standard defines the physical layer, data link layer, application layer, and message format for communication between charging equipment and the vehicle's BMS in DC charging scenarios.

[0043] There are several preferred technical solutions that can be implemented based on the above-described technical solutions of the present invention, as detailed below.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, the system architecture diagram is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the system mainly includes: multiple heterogeneous battery packs, an energy management system (EMS), a protocol-compatible gateway (simulating a vehicle control unit (VCU)), a charging management system (CMS), and an isolated bidirectional V2G power module. The heterogeneous battery pack is a complete battery pack that has not been disassembled after being retired from an electric vehicle.

[0045] The Energy Management System (EMS) is the "intelligent brain" of this system. Its core function is to execute global coordination strategies, transcending the local management of a single Business Management System (BMS) and achieving system-level optimized operation. It includes: The status assessment module is used to build a status assessment model. It obtains real-time data (voltage, current, temperature) and historical data of each package through the protocol-compatible gateway VCU, dynamically calculates and updates the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH) and maximum allowable charge and discharge power of each package, and provides comprehensive early warning protection for system safety.

[0046] The Power Management System (PMS) is used to run an adaptive power allocation algorithm based on upper-level scheduling instructions (such as grid instructions or photovoltaic power generation predictions) and the output of the state assessment module. This algorithm no longer issues uniform instructions to all battery packs, but instead calculates and issues personalized, optimal real-time charge and discharge power instructions independently for each heterogeneous battery pack. Its goal is to maximize overall system efficiency and avoid overcharging or over-discharging weaker battery packs.

[0047] The protocol-compatible gateway (simulating the vehicle controller VCU) is the "nerve center" of the system, responsible for resolving protocol heterogeneity issues. It includes: Multi-protocol driver library: It includes embedded parsing drivers for various common BMS communication protocols (including GB / T 27930 and various proprietary protocols).

[0048] Automatic identification and adaptation unit: When a new package (100) is connected to the system, this unit can automatically detect and identify its BMS protocol type, and call the corresponding driver library to establish a communication connection to achieve plug and play.

[0049] Data standardization interface: It parses and converts the raw data obtained from BMS with different protocols into a standardized data format that can be understood by the global coordinator (200), so as to achieve unified data processing.

[0050] The charging management system (CMS) acts as the system's "safety guardian," working in conjunction with the energy management system to provide refined management and safety protection throughout the charging and discharging process. It includes: Power control execution unit: Receives personalized power commands from the energy management system and performs safety checks on them. It directly controls the isolated bidirectional V2G power module and each branch contactor, precisely executing specific charging and discharging operations.

[0051] Safety monitoring and protection unit: Monitors the electrical parameters of the entire system (such as total voltage, total current, and insulation resistance) and the status of each branch in real time. Once an abnormality such as overvoltage, overcurrent, short circuit, or insulation fault is detected, a graded protection strategy is immediately activated, such as disconnecting contactors or reducing power, to ensure system safety.

[0052] The isolated bidirectional V2G power module acts as the system's "vascular network," responsible for resolving voltage heterogeneity issues. It serves as the energy exchange interface between the system and the power grid / load, and its core is an isolated bidirectional DC / AC converter. It possesses the following functions: Bidirectional energy flow: Supports efficient AC / DC and DC / AC conversion, allowing the battery pack to draw power from the grid to charge itself, and also to feed the battery pack's energy back to the grid, thus enabling V2G (vehicle-to-grid) functionality.

[0053] Electrical isolation: A two-pole electrical topology of DC / DC+DC / AC is adopted. Through isolation measures such as high-frequency transformers, electrical isolation between the battery side and the grid side is achieved, which effectively prevents DC components from being injected into the grid, and at the same time improves the system's anti-interference capability and safety.

[0054] Intelligent grid connection: It has the functions required by grid connection standards, such as islanding protection, low voltage ride-through, and adjustable power factor, to ensure safe and friendly interaction with the power grid.

[0055] In some preferred embodiments, a preprocessing step is also included before the new heterogeneous battery pack is connected to the system: Non-destructive scanning inspection and standard charge / discharge capacity testing are performed on retired battery packs. Based on the detection and testing results, a unique identifier containing the communication protocol type, voltage level, rated capacity and health status information of the entire battery pack is generated. All data obtained from the preprocessing steps are summarized to generate a unique label and corresponding electronic file for the heterogeneous battery pack. If all data obtained from the preprocessing steps meet the set requirements, the battery status assessment is passed.

[0056] In some preferred embodiments, the dynamic allocation process of the adaptive power allocation algorithm specifically includes: The system acquires and summarizes the state of charge, state of health, real-time temperature, and maximum allowable charge and discharge power of each online heterogeneous battery pack in real time. Constrained by the total power demand received by the energy management system, and with the goal of optimizing the overall system operating efficiency and battery life, personalized real-time charging and discharging power commands are calculated and allocated for each heterogeneous battery pack. During the discharge process, higher discharge power is allocated to battery packs with better health and lower internal resistance; during the charging process, higher charging power is allocated to battery packs with lower state of charge and acceptable health conditions, while a gentle charging strategy that limits peak power is adopted for battery packs with poor health. When the operating parameters of any battery pack deviate from their command values ​​or reach the safety boundary, the algorithm dynamically recalculates the power allocation of all online battery packs. Under the premise of maintaining the total power output or input of the system basically unchanged, it reduces or cuts off the power of abnormal battery packs and adjusts the power commands of other normal battery packs accordingly. Calculate the real-time allowable power value of each online heterogeneous battery pack in the current state: ; in, For the first The state of charge of the entire battery pack For its health status, It is its internal resistance or the performance degradation factor related to its internal resistance. Its temperature state; It is a weighting function with a value range of [0,1] established based on battery mechanism or experimental data, used to comprehensively evaluate the limitation of the current state on power capability; This is the nominal maximum charge and discharge power of the entire battery pack under its current healthy condition; Based on the total power requirement of the system Using the sign (positive for discharging, negative for charging) and magnitude, calculate the power distribution coefficient for each battery pack. : ; Where N represents the total number of battery packs in the system that are in a usable state. This is the sum of the real-time allowable power values ​​for the entire battery pack.

[0057] Generate and issue personalized power command values ​​to the i-th battery pack and its corresponding V2G converter unit: ; The algorithm dynamically allocates power based on the personalized power commands of each battery pack and its corresponding V2G converter unit. The algorithm periodically executes the above steps to achieve power allocation based on the dynamic changes in the state of each battery pack.

[0058] Regarding the weighting function, in some preferred embodiments, weight allocation follows the principles of safety first and the weakest link effect. Before allocating weights, the system first converts each parameter into a score representing its health or permissible level. "1" represents that the parameter is in an optimal state, with no limit on power capability; "0" represents that the parameter is in a dangerous or prohibited state, and the permissible power must be limited to zero. During weight synthesis, instead of linearly superimposing all parameters with fixed weights, emphasis is placed on the non-linear decay relationship dominated by the worst-case parameter. For example, even if a battery pack has a high SOH score of 0.9, if its temperature T score is extremely low (0.1), indicating excessively high temperature, then the final... The value will be primarily determined by the low-temperature rating, thus significantly reducing its permissible power.

[0059] Furthermore, the weight allocation is not static but dynamically adjusted. The function executes periodically, taking real-time status data of the battery pack as input. For different heterogeneous battery packs within the system, due to their... Even if the baseline state is different, the current and Same, calculated The values ​​(weighted comprehensive results) are also different. For example, when the SOC is too high or too low, the power must be limited and the SOC score will approach 0, thereby limiting the charging or discharging power. When the temperature is abnormal, the power must be reduced and the temperature score will drop sharply to 0, forcibly limiting the power to ensure safety.

[0060] In some preferred embodiments, the adaptive power allocation algorithm is executed by the power allocation module in the energy management system (EMS). By evaluating the state of each battery pack in real time, it prioritizes allocating power to battery packs with good health and low internal resistance. This differentiated scheduling avoids the "weakest link" effect, ensuring that the system maximizes output efficiency while meeting total power requirements. For example, the algorithm dynamically calculates the allowable power value for each pack according to a formula and optimizes the allocation coefficient based on a weighting function, ensuring the system always operates in an optimal state, thereby improving overall energy utilization and response speed. The algorithm has real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment capabilities, enabling rapid response to abnormal situations. Once a problem is detected, the algorithm immediately recalculates the power allocation, reducing or cutting off the power of the faulty pack, which is then compensated by other healthy packs, ensuring the stability of the system's total power. This proactive fault-tolerance mechanism avoids the risk of cascading failures. Combined with the safety verification of the charging management system, a multi-layered protection system is constructed, greatly improving the system's operational safety and reliability. This algorithm not only handles static differences but also adapts to dynamic changes in battery state. By periodically executing the evaluation and allocation steps, the system always remains at its optimal operating point. This adaptability enables the system to flexibly respond to grid dispatch instructions, environmental changes, or battery aging, improving the system's intelligence and robustness while reducing the need for manual intervention.

[0061] In some preferred embodiments, the adaptive power allocation algorithm enables refined management through dynamic allocation, avoiding overcharging or over-discharging of weaker battery packs. Through a gentle charging strategy and power limiting, the algorithm reduces battery degradation, significantly extending the lifespan of individual battery packs and the overall system. This not only reduces replacement and maintenance costs but also improves the return on investment for battery reuse projects, maximizing battery value. The dynamic allocation algorithm works in conjunction with software-defined protocol-compatible gateways and modular V2G power supplies, enabling the system to easily integrate newly connected heterogeneous battery packs. The algorithm automatically includes new packs in the allocation calculation without requiring a complete system refactoring; this scalability lays the foundation for large-scale deployment while reducing operational complexity.

[0062] In some preferred embodiments, the simulated vehicle controller (VCU) is used to establish a communication connection with the battery management system (BMS) of each heterogeneous battery pack, automatically identify the BMS communication protocol and load the corresponding driver to obtain a standardized communication interface, and parse the raw data obtained from the battery management system (BMS) into standardized data and upload it to the energy management system. At the same time, it sends the personalized power commands of the energy management system to the corresponding heterogeneous battery pack's battery management system (BMS).

[0063] In some preferred embodiments, the simulated vehicle controller (VCU) includes a multi-protocol driver library for storing drivers for various BMS communication protocols and for continuously updating the underlying OTA; it also includes an automatic identification and adaptation unit for automatically identifying the BMS communication protocol and loading the corresponding driver when heterogeneous battery packs are connected to the system.

[0064] In some preferred embodiments, it further includes an isolated bidirectional V2G power module, specifically used for: It consists of isolated bipolar converters, namely DC-DC topology plus DC-AC topology units. Each V2G converter unit is independently connected to one of the heterogeneous battery packs, and the output is connected in parallel to a unified AC bus. Each isolated bidirectional V2G power module is controlled by the energy controller.

[0065] In some preferred embodiments, it also includes a charging management system (CMS), specifically used for: The Charging Management System (CMS) receives personalized power commands from the Energy Management System and performs safety checks to obtain safety monitoring results. It also directly controls the isolated bidirectional V2G power modules and contactors in each branch to perform charging and discharging operations, monitors system electrical parameters in real time, and activates protection strategies when electrical parameters are abnormal.

[0066] For multiple heterogeneous battery packs, some preferred embodiments include a pretreatment step before connecting the new heterogeneous battery pack to the system: Heterogeneous battery packs are complete battery packs that have not been disassembled after being retired from electric vehicles, and they differ in at least one dimension, such as communication protocol, DC voltage level, and rated capacity. Non-destructive scanning inspection and standard charge / discharge capacity testing are performed on retired battery packs. Based on the detection and testing results, a unique identifier containing the communication protocol type, voltage level, rated capacity and health status information of the entire battery pack is generated. All data obtained from the preprocessing steps are summarized to generate a unique label and corresponding electronic file for the heterogeneous battery pack. If all data obtained from the preprocessing steps meet the set requirements, the battery status assessment is passed.

[0067] In some preferred embodiments, for heterogeneous battery packs, if two battery packs contain at least two or more of the following: heterogeneous communication protocols, heterogeneous DC voltage levels, heterogeneous rated capacities, and heterogeneous battery models, then the two battery packs are determined to be heterogeneous battery packs.

[0068] In response to battery heterogeneity, in some preferred embodiments, these retired battery packs originate from different automakers, models, and batches, resulting in significant differences in the following aspects: (1) Heterogeneous communication protocols: The charging and discharging control communication protocols followed by the battery management systems in each battery pack are different. Some follow the national standard GB / T 27930, while many others use proprietary protocols defined by each manufacturer, which makes it impossible for battery packs from different sources to work together under a unified charging and discharging command.

[0069] (2) Heterogeneous electrical parameters: There are huge differences in the rated voltage (such as 400V, 800V, etc.) and rated capacity of battery packs on different vehicle platforms, which makes it impossible for them to be directly connected in parallel on the same system. The traditional "one-size-fits-all" charging and discharging management will bring serious safety and balance problems.

[0070] (3) Heterogeneous performance status: Due to differences in usage history, number of cycles, and environmental conditions, the health status, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, capacity, and other performance parameters of each retired package are different, which puts forward extremely high requirements for refined and differentiated energy management and lifetime prediction.

[0071] Regarding the pretreatment and evaluation process for the heterogeneous battery pack of the present invention, in some preferred embodiments, the process flow is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: 1. Appearance and insulation inspection The recycled packages are cleaned and then inspected manually or by machine vision to check for deformation, cracks, or rust on the outer casing. A megohmmeter is used to perform high-voltage interlock testing and insulation performance testing.

[0072] 2. Internal non-destructive scanning and evaluation X-ray or CT scanning technology is used to perform non-destructive testing on the battery pack. This process aims to provide insight into the internal condition of the battery pack without opening it.

[0073] The purpose is to detect whether the battery cell shows obvious bulging or deformation; and to check whether the internal wiring harness and connecting pieces are loose or broken.

[0074] Assess the liquid cooling system piping (if any) for potential collapse or leakage; this step can efficiently screen out battery packs with significant internal safety hazards, replacing the extremely risky practice of blindly opening the pack.

[0075] Standard charge / discharge capacity test In a safe and controlled test environment, a general-purpose, programmable test device is used to perform a complete standard charge-discharge cycle on the battery pack by communicating with the battery pack BMS through a protocol-compatible gateway (or by using a conservative default strategy if communication is not supported).

[0076] Its purpose is to accurately measure the actual capacity: compare it with the rated capacity and calculate the SOH; record key characteristics: record the charge and discharge curves, internal resistance changes, voltage consistency, temperature rise, etc.; verify the BMS function: confirm whether the sampling and protection (overvoltage, undervoltage, overtemperature) functions of the BMS are normal.

[0077] 4. Generation and filing of "digital ID cards" All data obtained from the aforementioned workstations (appearance photos, CT images, capacity, SOH, internal resistance, protocol type, voltage level, etc.) are compiled to generate a unique QR code or RFID tag and corresponding electronic file for the battery pack.

[0078] The purpose is to create a "digital ID card" that accompanies the battery pack throughout its entire secondary lifecycle. When it is connected to the energy storage system of this invention, the system can automatically obtain all its historical data by scanning the tag, which greatly simplifies the connection and configuration process and provides crucial initial data for the precise management of the global coordinator.

[0079] In some preferred embodiments, when a new heterogeneous battery pack is physically connected to the system, the simulated vehicle controller will automatically detect its BMS communication protocol type. The multi-protocol driver library embedded in the VCU will send a handshake signal. Once a response is received from the BMS, the protocol is locked and the corresponding driver is loaded to establish a communication connection. At the same time, the system allocates an idle V2G converter unit to the pack to complete the physical integration.

[0080] In some preferred embodiments, the charging management system further includes a power control execution unit for receiving and executing power control commands issued by the energy management system, and directly controlling the isolated bidirectional V2G power module and the switching devices in the system circuit. The safety monitoring and protection unit is used to monitor the electrical parameters and branch status of the system in real time, and to execute a graded protection strategy when an anomaly is detected.

[0081] In some preferred embodiments, the specific implementation process of the system is carried out in the following order: (1) System initialization and connection of the new battery pack Upon system power-up, a self-test is initiated (EMS, CMS, BMS, V2G, and peripheral testing equipment). The self-test process is as follows: Figure 3As shown, the operator connects a new, unmodified decommissioned PACK to the system via standardized physical interfaces (such as high-voltage connectors and communication connectors). This PACK is then assigned to an idle V2G converter unit within the power conversion matrix.

[0082] (2) Automatic protocol identification and communication establishment When a protocol-compatible gateway detects a new PACK being connected, its automatic identification and adaptation unit begins to work, sending a series of handshake signals of different protocols to the BMS of that PACK.

[0083] Once a correct response is received from the BMS, the gateway locks the protocol type of the PACK, loads the corresponding protocol driver, and establishes a stable communication connection.

[0084] (3) Registration of package parameters and preliminary status assessment The protocol-compatible gateway will read the static parameters (such as rated voltage, rated capacity, production date, serial number, etc.) and real-time data from the BMS of the new PACK and upload them to the global coordinator.

[0085] Based on this information, the state assessment module of the energy control system creates an independent "digital profile" for the PACK in the system and uses the state assessment model to preliminarily calculate its SOC and SOH as the initial basis for subsequent refined management.

[0086] (4) Receive external scheduling instructions and calculate system requirements The energy control system receives the total charging and discharging power command of the system from the superior energy management system or dispatch center (e.g., discharging at a power of 100kW within 30 minutes).

[0087] (5) Global optimization and personalized power command generation The power distribution module of the energy control system begins to operate. It aggregates the real-time status of all online packs (SOC, SOH, temperature, and maximum allowable power, etc.).

[0088] The power allocation module runs an adaptive power allocation algorithm, decomposing the total system power demand (100kW discharge) into a set of personalized power commands for each PACK. For example: instruction PACK A (SOH=85%, SOC=70%) Discharge 40kW.

[0089] instruction PACK B (SOH=75%, SOC=50%) Discharge 25kW.

[0090] instruction PACK C(SOH=90%, SOC=80%) Discharge 35kW.

[0091] (Note: In this example, PACK) C Because it was in optimal condition, it handled a large amount of power, while the PACK B Because of its slightly poor condition, it is allocated less power to protect its lifespan.

[0092] (6) Coordination command issuance and power execution The energy control system sends its respective charge / discharge enable and power limit commands to the BMS of each PACK through a protocol-compatible gateway.

[0093] At the same time, the global coordinator sends corresponding power control commands to each DC / DC converter unit in the power conversion matrix, so that it can perform power conversion according to the preset power value.

[0094] (7) Real-time monitoring and dynamic adjustment During system operation, the global coordinator continuously monitors the operating parameters of all PACKs.

[0095] If the voltage or temperature of a certain PACK becomes abnormal, or if the actual power deviates too much from the commanded value, the status assessment module will immediately update its status, and the power allocation module will quickly recalculate the power allocation scheme, reduce or cut off the power of the problematic PACK, and increase the power of other healthy PACKs to maintain the total power output of the system unchanged, so as to achieve seamless switching and stable operation.

[0096] (8) Data recording and lifetime management The system records the operational data of each PACK throughout the entire process, which is used to update its SOH model and provide valuable data support for future cascade utilization and even dismantling and recycling.

[0097] Through the above steps, this invention achieves intelligent control of the entire lifecycle of highly heterogeneous retired battery packs, from "plug-and-play" access to "lean operation" management.

[0098] In some preferred embodiments, a scheme based on deep battery pack modification and BMS replacement is also included. This involves deep modification of all recycled heterogeneous battery packs by opening them up but not disassembling them. The original BMS is removed or bypassed, and a standardized new BMS module supporting a single communication protocol is installed. Inside the battery pack, relays or fuses are added to standardize the original high-voltage output interfaces to the same voltage level (e.g., through series-parallel reconfiguration, which is close to module-level utilization). Finally, these "homogenized" battery packs are integrated into the energy storage system.

[0099] This solution eliminates "protocol heterogeneity" and "voltage heterogeneity" at the physical level through hardware modification, so that the system faces a unified and standard battery pack during integration, thereby achieving the integration and management objectives of the invention.

[0100] However, solutions based on deep modification of battery packs and replacement of BMS are costly and uneconomical: opening and replacing the BMS for each battery pack requires significant labor, material, and testing costs, severely eroding the core advantage of low-cost reuse. Furthermore, non-original factory opening and modification compromise the original factory sealing and structural integrity of the battery pack, potentially damaging cells or wiring harnesses, introducing new safety risks (such as leakage and short circuits), and rendering the original thermal management design ineffective. The technology is also complex and lacks universality: the internal structures of different battery pack models vary greatly, making it extremely difficult to design a universal BMS replacement solution and modification process, thus hindering large-scale application.

[0101] In some preferred embodiments, a scheme based on a front-end protocol conversion black box is also included. For each heterogeneous battery pack connected to the system, a dedicated, external "protocol conversion black box" is configured. One end of this black box connects to the battery pack's native BMS interface, and the other end provides a unified, standard communication interface to the system's main controller. The black box internally contains the conversion logic for the specific battery pack model's protocol, enabling protocol translation.

[0102] This solution addresses the "protocol heterogeneity" problem through distributed hardware, enabling the main controller to communicate with all battery packs.

[0103] However, the solution based on the front-end protocol conversion "black box" does not address voltage and capacity heterogeneity: this solution only solves the communication problem; for battery packs with different voltage levels, the power conversion matrix or similar device described in this invention is still needed to solve the electrical parallel connection problem. It is an incomplete solution. The system is complex and difficult to maintain: the presence of numerous heterogeneous hardware "black boxes" in the system leads to a wide variety of spare parts, making system operation and maintenance and fault diagnosis extremely complex. It has poor scalability: each new battery pack model requires a new "black box" to be redesigned and manufactured, which cannot be achieved through software upgrades. The system's flexibility and "plug-and-play" capability are far lower than the software-defined gateway solution of this invention.

[0104] In some preferred embodiments, a scheme based on a standardized external charge / discharger is also included, which completely abandons communication with the internal BMS of the battery pack. Each battery pack is equipped with an independent, external intelligent charge / discharger. This charge / discharger has complete charging curve management (such as CC / CV) and independent voltage and current sensors. The system main controller, based on monitoring the external characteristics of each battery pack (such as total voltage and charging current), controls its corresponding independent charge / discharger to achieve "blind charging" and "blind discharging" management.

[0105] This solution fundamentally avoids the "protocol heterogeneity" problem by completely bypassing BMS communication. Simultaneously, the independent charge / discharge unit naturally solves the voltage matching problem, enabling power control.

[0106] However, solutions based on standardized external charge / discharge machines are crudely managed, raising concerns about safety and lifespan: Because critical data from within the BMS (such as individual cell voltage, cell temperature, and internal fault codes) cannot be obtained, the system operates in a "semi-blind" state, failing to achieve refined energy management and early fault warnings, resulting in high safety risks and severely damaging battery life. Cost and efficiency are also low: configuring a complete intelligent charge / discharge machine for each battery pack is extremely expensive, and multiple stages of switching lead to a decrease in overall system efficiency. Furthermore, it fails to utilize the BMS's functions: It wastes the protection and diagnostic functions of the original battery pack's BMS, representing a technological regression.

[0107] Example 2 A globally coordinated energy storage method based on heterogeneous battery packs, characterized in that it includes: The energy management system is used to execute global coordination strategies, acquire and evaluate real-time data of multiple heterogeneous battery packs, and obtain battery status evaluation results. After the battery status evaluation is passed, the power allocation module runs an adaptive power allocation algorithm based on the total power demand of the system and the battery status evaluation results of each battery pack to generate personalized power instructions for each battery pack. Isolated bidirectional V2G power modules are used to couple and convert the DC power of battery packs of different voltage levels into a unified AC power according to personalized power commands, so as to obtain grid-connected power and store it.

[0108] In some preferred embodiments, the overall charging and discharging control of the system requires cooperation between the Battery Management System (BMS), Charging Management System (CMS), Energy Management System (EMS), and V2G power module, and includes the following implementation steps: Access and Identification: When a heterogeneous battery pack is physically connected to the system, the protocol-compatible gateway automatically identifies its BMS protocol and establishes communication. Simultaneously, the entire pack is connected to an idle V2G converter unit of the power conversion matrix.

[0109] Status assessment: The global coordinator reads the initial parameters and real-time data of the entire packet through the gateway, and the status assessment module starts working to calculate its initial SOC, SOH and other key states.

[0110] Global Coordination and Power Allocation: When the system receives a charging / discharging request, the power allocation module runs an adaptive power allocation algorithm based on the real-time status of all online battery packs. For example, for a discharging request, it prioritizes discharging batteries with high State of Harmony (SOH) and low internal resistance; for a charging request, it prioritizes charging batteries with low State of Charge (SOC) and adopts a gentler charging strategy for batteries with poor SOH.

[0111] Command execution and energy conversion: The global coordinator will calculate personalized power commands and, on the one hand, send them to the BMS of each package through the protocol-compatible gateway to make them ready; on the other hand, it will send them to the corresponding V2G converter units in the power conversion matrix to control them to perform precise power conversion and link energy with the grid or load.

[0112] Grid-connected / off-grid operation: The energy storage converter converts the DC power on the intermediate DC bus into AC power to supply the grid or local loads.

[0113] Example 3 A computer program product includes a computer program, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method described in Embodiment 2.

[0114] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery packs, characterized in that, It includes: The energy management system is used to execute global coordination strategies, acquire and evaluate real-time data of multiple heterogeneous battery packs, and obtain battery status evaluation results. After the battery status evaluation is passed, the power allocation module runs an adaptive power allocation algorithm based on the total power demand of the system and the battery status evaluation results of each battery pack to generate personalized power instructions for each battery pack. Isolated bidirectional V2G power modules are used to couple and convert the DC power of battery packs of different voltage levels into a unified AC power according to personalized power commands, so as to obtain grid-connected power and store it.

2. The globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before integrating the new heterogeneous battery pack into the system, a pretreatment step is also included: Non-destructive scanning inspection and standard charge / discharge capacity testing are performed on retired battery packs. Based on the detection and testing results, a unique identifier containing the communication protocol type, voltage level, rated capacity and health status information of the entire battery pack is generated. All data obtained from the preprocessing steps are summarized to generate a unique label and corresponding electronic file for the heterogeneous battery pack. If all data obtained from the preprocessing steps meet the set requirements, the battery status assessment is passed.

3. The globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic allocation process of the adaptive power allocation algorithm specifically includes: Calculate the real-time allowable power value of each online heterogeneous battery pack in the current state: ； in, For the first The state of charge of the entire battery pack For its health status, It is its internal resistance or the performance degradation factor related to its internal resistance. Its temperature state; This is a weighting function used to comprehensively evaluate the current state's limitations on power capability; This is the nominal maximum charge and discharge power of the entire battery pack under its current healthy condition; Based on the total power requirement of the system Given the sign and size of the symbol, calculate the power distribution coefficient for each battery pack. : ； Where N represents the total number of battery packs in the system that are in a usable state. This is the sum of the real-time allowable power values ​​for the entire battery pack. Generate and issue personalized power command values ​​to the i-th battery pack and its corresponding V2G converter unit: ； Dynamic power allocation is performed based on the individual power commands of each battery pack and its corresponding V2G converter unit.

4. The globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a simulated vehicle controller (VCU), specifically used for: The simulated vehicle control unit (VCU) is used to establish communication connections with the battery management systems (BMS) of various heterogeneous battery packs. It automatically identifies the BMS communication protocol and loads the corresponding driver to obtain a standardized communication interface. It also parses the raw data obtained from the battery management system (BMS) into standardized data and uploads it to the energy management system. At the same time, it sends the personalized power commands of the energy management system to the corresponding battery management system (BMS) of the heterogeneous battery pack.

5. A globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolated bidirectional V2G power module consists of isolated two-pole converters, namely DC-DC topology and DC-AC topology units. Each V2G converter unit is independently connected to one of the heterogeneous battery packs, and the output is connected in parallel to a unified AC bus. Each isolated bidirectional V2G power module is controlled by the energy controller.

6. A globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a charging management system (CMS), specifically used for: The Charging Management System (CMS) receives personalized power commands from the Energy Management System and performs safety checks to obtain safety monitoring results. It also directly controls the isolated bidirectional V2G power modules and contactors in each branch to perform charging and discharging operations, monitors system electrical parameters in real time, and activates protection strategies when electrical parameters are abnormal.

7. A globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes multiple heterogeneous battery packs. A pre-processing step is included before a new heterogeneous battery pack is connected to the system. Heterogeneous battery packs are complete battery packs that have not been disassembled after being retired from electric vehicles, and they differ in at least one dimension, such as communication protocol, DC voltage level, and rated capacity. Non-destructive scanning inspection and standard charge / discharge capacity testing are performed on retired battery packs. Based on the detection and testing results, a unique identifier containing the communication protocol type, voltage level, rated capacity and health status information of the entire battery pack is generated. All data obtained from the preprocessing steps are summarized to generate a unique label and corresponding electronic file for the heterogeneous battery pack. If all data obtained from the preprocessing steps meet the set requirements, the battery status assessment is passed.

8. A globally coordinated energy storage system based on heterogeneous battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging management system further includes: The power control execution unit is used to receive and execute the power control commands issued by the energy management system, and directly control the isolated bidirectional V2G power module and the switching devices in the system circuit. The safety monitoring and protection unit is used to monitor the electrical parameters and branch status of the system in real time, and to execute a graded protection strategy when an anomaly is detected.

9. A globally coordinated energy storage method based on heterogeneous battery packs, characterized in that, It includes: The energy management system is used to execute global coordination strategies, acquire and evaluate real-time data of multiple heterogeneous battery packs, and obtain battery status evaluation results. After the battery status evaluation is passed, the power allocation module runs an adaptive power allocation algorithm based on the total power demand of the system and the battery status evaluation results of each battery pack to generate personalized power instructions for each battery pack. Isolated bidirectional V2G power modules are used to couple and convert the DC power of battery packs of different voltage levels into a unified AC power according to personalized power commands, so as to obtain grid-connected power and store it.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method of claim 9.

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