Bar tillage method for crop rotation of corn stubbles and soybeans

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a strip tillage method for crop rotation of corn stubbles and soybeans. The invention provides a strip ploughing method for crop rotation of corn stubbles and soybeans. The strip ploughing method comprises the following steps of previous-crop corn straw treatment, soil loosening, soybean seed treatment, sowing, fertilization and field management. According to the method, on the basis of protective cultivation, technologies such as cultivation mode optimization, agricultural machinery and agricultural technology combination and reasonable crop rotation weight losing are integrated and optimized, and through integrated optimization and improvement of technologies such as strip cultivation crop rotation soybean sowing, local interval deep scarification and interyear intermittent deep scarification, straw strip coverage interannual alternate crop rotation and the like, the problems of long-term continuous cropping of corn, high yield and high yield are solved. The problems of single and excessive consumption of nutrients, aggravated diseases and insect pests, reduced soil fertility, no increase in fertility and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for crop rotation of soybeans in strip tillage. Background Technology

[0002] Current strip tillage techniques typically involve planting corn in strips the following year after the corn harvest. However, long-term continuous cropping of corn leads to deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, excessive depletion of nutrients in the topsoil, decreased soil fertility, and the problem of increased fertilization not resulting in increased yield. It also weakens the corn's resistance to adverse conditions and results in a large amount of straw with low utilization. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated technology that can simultaneously achieve multiple functions such as warming, densification, soil stabilization, and fertilization, thereby increasing both yield and efficiency, to break through the bottlenecks in agricultural development and promote sustainable agricultural production. Based on this, this invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for soybean strip cultivation in corn stubble rotation, which can take into account multiple functions such as warming, densification, soil fixation, and fertilization, thereby achieving a double improvement in yield and efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for corn-soybean strip tillage rotation, comprising the following steps: treatment of previous corn stalks, loosening of soil, treatment of soybean seeds, sowing, fertilization and field management; The method for treating the previous crop corn stalks is as follows: the previous crop corn stalks are crushed to a length of <20cm and then covered on non-sowing areas; The method for treating soybean seeds is as follows: coating the soybean seeds; The coating agent used in the coating process includes the following components: metalaxyl and thiamethoxam; the mass ratio of metalaxyl to thiamethoxam is 0.5~1.5:0.5~1.5. The sowing method is wide-narrow row planting, with soybean seeds sown in the narrow rows; The fertilization includes the following fertilizers: diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate; The application rate of diammonium phosphate is 150~225 kg / hm. 2 The potassium sulfate application rate is 45-75 kg / hm². 2 .

[0005] Preferably, the coverage width of the previous corn stalks is 40-60cm.

[0006] Preferably, the soil loosening is done after corn harvest, before the soil freezes, or when soybeans have 2-3 fully unfolded compound leaves. The method for loosening the soil is as follows: loosen the soil in wide rows to a depth of 30-35cm.

[0007] Preferably, the wide row of the wide-narrow row planting is 75-85cm and the narrow row is 40-50cm.

[0008] Preferably, the soybean seed sowing rate is 45~75 kg / hm². 2 The seedling density for sowing is 2.1 × 10⁻⁶. 5 ~3.5×10 5 Plant / hm 2 .

[0009] Preferably, the field management includes weeding and pest and disease control.

[0010] Preferably, the weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding; The method for pre-emergence weed control is as follows: prepare a mixed solution by mixing metolachlor and water and then spray it. The application rate of S-metolachlor is 1500~2250 ml / hm. 2 The water application rate is 450~750 kg / hm². 2 ; The method for post-emergence weed control is as follows: when the first pair of true leaves unfold, mix 12% dilute chlorpyrifos with water to prepare a mixed solution and then spray it. The application rate of the 12% chlorothalonil is 1400~1600 g / hm. 2 The water application rate is 300~375 kg / hm². 2 .

[0011] Preferably, the diseases and pests to be controlled include soybean downy mildew, soybean pod borer, and soybean aphid; The control method for soybean downy mildew is as follows: After discovering diseased plants, spray with 800 times diluted metalaxyl solution, repeating the spray every 7-10 days, with each application using 550-650 kg / hm². 2 Spray 2-3 times consecutively; The method for controlling soybean pod borer is as follows: during the peak period of adult soybean pod borers from late July to early August, mix deltamethrin and water to prepare a mixed solution and spray it. Spray once every 10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row. The application rate of the dichlorvos is 400-500 ml / hm. 2 The water application rate is 600-750 kg / hm². 2 ; The method for controlling soybean aphids is as follows: spray 20% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate at 100 times dilution or 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate at 800 times dilution before soybean seedling stage or before soybean flowering stage. The application rate of the 20% imidacloprid emulsion at a dilution of 100 times is 450-550 kg / hm². 2 ; The application rate of the 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate at a dilution of 800 times is 450-550 kg / hm². 2 .

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention is based on conservation tillage and integrates and optimizes cultivation patterns, agricultural machinery and agronomy, and rational crop rotation and fertilizer reduction techniques. Through the integrated optimization and improvement of techniques such as strip tillage rotation with soybean planting, localized intermittent deep tillage and bi-annual intermittent deep tillage, and alternating annual rotation with straw strip mulching, it addresses the problems of excessive nutrient consumption, increased pests and diseases, decreased soil fertility, and yield reduction caused by long-term continuous corn cropping; it also addresses the problems of soil compaction, shallow and thin topsoil, and poor arability caused by improper tillage; and it addresses the problems of large amounts of corn straw, low utilization rate, and poor return-to-field effect. Based on summarizing, absorbing, and digesting advanced technological achievements from home and abroad, and considering the ecological environment of Jilin Province, this invention supplements and improves existing technologies based on existing conservation tillage patterns. Through integrated optimization, it forms a usable, replicable, easily promoted, and sustainable corn-soybean rotation technology combined with straw mulching and no-till techniques. Detailed Implementation

[0013] This invention provides a method for corn-soybean strip tillage rotation, comprising the following steps: treatment of previous corn stalks, loosening of soil, treatment of soybean seeds, sowing, fertilization and field management; The method for treating the previous crop corn stalks is as follows: the previous crop corn stalks are crushed to a length of <20cm and then covered on non-sowing areas; The method for treating soybean seeds is as follows: coating the soybean seeds; The coating agent used in the coating comprises the following components: metalaxyl and thiamethoxam; the mass ratio of metalaxyl to thiamethoxam is 0.5~1.5:0.5~1.5, preferably 1:1; The sowing method is wide-narrow row planting, with soybean seeds sown in the narrow rows; The fertilization includes the following fertilizers: diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate; The application rate of diammonium phosphate is 150~225 kg / hm. 2 The preferred concentration is 170~205 kg / hm. 2 Further optimized is 187.5 kg / hm 2 The potassium sulfate application rate is 45-75 kg / hm². 2 The preferred value is 55~65 kg / hm. 2 Further preferred is 60 kg / hm 2 .

[0014] The preferred length of the crushed previous crop corn stalks is 10cm.

[0015] In this invention, the covering width of the previous corn stalks is 40-60cm, preferably 45-55cm, and more preferably 50cm.

[0016] In this invention, the loosening of the soil is done after corn harvest, before the soil freezes, or when soybeans have 2-3 fully unfolded compound leaves. In arid regions, the optimal time for loosening the soil is after corn harvest and before the soil freezes. In areas with abundant rainfall, the optimal time for loosening the soil is when the soybean has 2-3 fully unfolded compound leaves. The method for loosening the soil is as follows: loosen the soil in wide rows to a depth of 30-35cm, preferably 32-33cm, and more preferably 32.5cm.

[0017] In this invention, the wide row of the wide-narrow row planting is 75-85cm, preferably 78-82cm, and more preferably 80cm, and the narrow row is 40-50cm, preferably 43-47cm, and more preferably 45cm.

[0018] In this invention, the soybean seed sowing rate is 45~75 kg / hm. 2 The preferred value is 50~70 kg / hm. 2 Further preferred is 60 kg / hm 2 The seedling density for sowing is 2.1 × 10⁻⁶. 5 ~3.5×10 5 Plant / hm 2 Preferably 2.5×10 5 ~3.0×10 5 Plant / hm 2 Further preferred is 2.8×10 5 Plant / hm 2 .

[0019] In this invention, the field management includes weeding and pest and disease control.

[0020] In this invention, weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding; The method for pre-emergence weed control is as follows: after preparing a mixed solution by mixing metolachlor and water, spray it to control annual weeds and some broadleaf weeds. The application rate of S-metolachlor is 1500~2250 ml / hm. 2 The preferred concentration is 1700~2050 ml / hm. 2 Further preferred is 1875 ml / hm 2 The water application rate is 450~750 kg / hm². 2 The preferred value is 550~650 kg / hm.2 Further preferred is 600 kg / hm 2 ; The method for post-emergence weed control is as follows: when the first pair of true leaves unfold, mix 12% dilute chlorpyrifos with water to prepare a mixed solution and then spray it to control annual or perennial grass weeds. The application rate of the 12% chlorothalonil is 1400~1600 g / hm. 2 The preferred concentration is 1450~1550 g / hm. 2 Further preferred is 1500g / hm 2 The water application rate is 300~375 kg / hm². 2 The preferred concentration is 320~355 kg / hm. 2 The optimal value is 337.5 kg / hm. 2 .

[0021] In this invention, the diseases and pests controlled include soybean downy mildew, soybean pod borer, and soybean aphid. The control method for soybean downy mildew is as follows: After discovering diseased plants, spray with 800 times diluted metalaxyl solution, repeating the spray every 7-10 days, with each application using 550-650 kg / hm². 2 Spray 2-3 times consecutively; preferably, spray once every 8-9 days, with each application using 580-620 kg / hm². 2 Apply three times consecutively; a more preferable method is to apply once every 9 days, with each application using 600 kg / hm². 2 Apply three times consecutively. The method for controlling soybean pod borer is as follows: during the peak period of adult soybean pod borers from late July to early August, mix deltamethrin and water to prepare a mixed solution and spray it. Spray once every 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times in a row, preferably 3 times. The application rate of the dichlorvos is 400–500 ml / hm. 2 The preferred concentration is 430~470 ml / hm. 2 Further preferred is 450ml / hm 2 The water application rate is 600-750 kg / hm². 2 The preferred concentration is 650~700 kg / hm. 2 Further preferred is 675 kg / hm 2 ; The method for controlling soybean aphids is as follows: before the soybean seedling stage or the full flowering stage, spray with 100 times dilution of 20% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate or 800 times dilution of 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, preferably 100 times dilution of 20% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate. The application rate of the 20% imidacloprid emulsion at a dilution of 100 times is 450-550 kg / hm².2 The preferred value is 480~520 kg / hm. 2 Further preferred is 500 kg / hm 2 ; The application rate of the 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate at a dilution of 800 times is 450-550 kg / hm². 2 The preferred value is 480~520 kg / hm. 2 Further preferred is 500 kg / hm 2 .

[0022] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: A method for soybean strip tillage in corn-stubble rotation

[0024] Treatment of previous corn stalks: After crushing the previous corn stalks to a length of 10 cm, cover them on non-sowing areas with a coverage width of 50 cm. Loosening the soil: After corn harvest and before the soil freezes, loosen the soil in the wide rows to a depth of 30cm; Soybean seed treatment: The soybean seeds are coated; the coating agent is made by mixing metalaxyl and thiamethoxam in a 1:1 mass ratio; Sowing: Wide-narrow row planting (80cm×50cm), soybean seeds are sown in the narrow rows; sowing rate is 60kg / hm. 2 The seedling density is 2.8 × 10⁻⁶. 5 Plant / hm 2 ; Fertilization: Apply 12 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate and 4 kg / mu of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0025] Field management: (1) Weeding Pre-emergence weed control: 1800 ml / hm 2 S-methyl metolachlor and 600 kg / hm 2 After mixing with water to prepare a mixed solution, it is sprayed to control annual weeds and some broadleaf weeds; Post-emergence weeding: Apply 1500 g / hm² when the first pair of true leaves unfold. 2 12% chlorpyrifos and 350 kg / hm 2 After mixing with water to prepare a mixed solution, it is sprayed to control annual or perennial grass weeds; (2) The aforementioned pest and disease control Soybean downy mildew: After diseased plants are found, spray with 800 times diluted metalaxyl solution, repeating the spray every 8 days, with each application at a rate of 600 kg / hm². 2 Spray three times consecutively; Soybean pod borer: During the peak adult period of soybean pod borers from late July to early August, use 450 ml / hm 2 Enemy kills and 650 kg / hm 2 After mixing with water to prepare a mixed solution, spray it once every 10 days, for a total of 3 sprays; Soybean aphids: Spray 500 kg / hm² of 20% chlorpyrifos emulsion at a 100-fold dilution during the soybean seedling stage or before the full flowering stage. 2 .

[0026] Example 2: A method for soybean strip tillage in corn-stubble rotation

[0027] Treatment of previous corn stalks: Crush the previous corn stalks into 18cm lengths and cover them on non-sown areas with a coverage width of 45cm. Loosening the soil: After corn harvest and before the soil freezes, loosen the soil in the wide rows to a depth of 32cm; Soybean seed treatment: The soybean seeds are coated; the coating agent is made by mixing metalaxyl and thiamethoxam in a 1:1 mass ratio; Sowing: Wide-narrow row planting (85cm×45cm), soybean seeds are sown in the narrow rows; sowing rate is 50kg / hm. 2 The seedling density is 2.2 × 10⁻⁶. 5 Plant / hm 2 ; Fertilization: Apply 10 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate and 5 kg / mu of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0028] Field management: (1) Weeding Pre-emergence weed control: 1600 ml / hm 2 S-metholarin and 450 kg / hm 2 After mixing with water to prepare a mixed solution, it is sprayed to control annual weeds and some broadleaf weeds; Post-emergence weeding: Apply 1600 g / hm² when the first pair of true leaves unfold. 2 12% chlorpyrifos and 375 kg / hm 2 After mixing with water to prepare a mixed solution, it is sprayed to control annual or perennial grass weeds; (2) The aforementioned pest and disease control Soybean downy mildew: After diseased plants are found, spray with 800 times diluted metalaxyl solution, repeating every 10 days, at a rate of 550 kg / hm² each time. 2 Spray three times consecutively; Soybean pod borer: During the peak adult period of soybean pod borers from late July to early August, use 500 ml / hm 2 Enemy kills and 600 kg / hm 2After mixing with water to prepare a mixed solution, spray it once every 10 days, for a total of 2 sprays; Soybean aphids: Spray with 450 kg / hm² of 20% imidacloprid emulsion at a 100-fold dilution during the soybean seedling stage or before the full flowering stage. 2 .

[0029] Example 3: A method for soybean strip tillage in corn-stubble rotation

[0030] Treatment of previous corn stalks: Crush the previous corn stalks into 15cm lengths and cover them on non-sown areas with a coverage width of 55cm. Loosening the soil: After corn harvest and before the soil freezes, loosen the soil in the wide rows to a depth of 35cm; Soybean seed treatment: The soybean seeds are coated; the coating agent is made by mixing metalaxyl and thiamethoxam in a 1:1 mass ratio; Sowing: Plant in wide and narrow rows (75cm × 55cm), with soybean seeds sown in the narrower rows; sowing rate is 70kg / hm². 2 The seedling density is 3.0 × 10⁻⁶. 5 Plant / hm 2 ; Fertilization: Apply 15 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate and 3 kg / mu of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0031] Field management: (1) Weeding Pre-emergence weed control: Apply 2000 ml / hm 2 S-methyl metolachlor and 750 kg / hm 2 After mixing with water to prepare a mixed solution, it is sprayed to control annual weeds and some broadleaf weeds; Post-emergence weeding: Apply 1400 g / hm² when the first pair of true leaves unfold. 2 12% chlorpyrifos and 300 kg / hm 2 After mixing with water to prepare a mixed solution, it is sprayed to control annual or perennial grass weeds; (2) The aforementioned pest and disease control Soybean downy mildew: After diseased plants are found, spray with 800 times diluted metalaxyl solution, repeating the spray every 7 days, with each application using 650 kg / hm². 2 Spray twice consecutively; Soybean pod borer: During the peak adult period of soybean pod borers from late July to early August, use 400 ml / hm 2 Enemy kills and 700 kg / hm 2 After mixing with water to prepare a mixed solution, spray it once every 10 days, for a total of 3 sprays; Soybean aphids: Spray with 550 kg / hm² of 20% imidacloprid emulsion at a 100-fold dilution during the soybean seedling stage or before the full flowering stage.2 .

[0032] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for corn-stubble rotation with soybean strip cultivation, which can take into account multiple functions such as warming, densification, soil fixation, and fertilization, thereby achieving a double increase in yield and benefits. It solves the problems of excessive consumption of single nutrients, aggravated pests and diseases, decreased soil fertility, and no increase in yield caused by long-term continuous corn cropping.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for corn-soybean stubble rotation strip tillage, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: treatment of previous corn stalks, loosening of soil, treatment of soybean seeds, sowing, fertilization, and field management; The method for treating the previous crop corn stalks is as follows: the previous crop corn stalks are crushed to a length of <20cm and then covered on non-sowing areas; The method for treating soybean seeds is as follows: coating the soybean seeds; The coating agent used in the coating process includes the following components: metalaxyl and thiamethoxam; the mass ratio of metalaxyl to thiamethoxam is 0.5~1.5:0.5~1.

5. The sowing method is wide-narrow row planting, with soybean seeds sown in the narrow rows; The fertilization includes the following fertilizers: diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate; The application rate of diammonium phosphate is 150~225 kg / hm. 2 The potassium sulfate application rate is 45-75 kg / hm². 2 .

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coverage width of the previous corn stalks is 40-60cm.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The time for loosening the soil is after corn harvest, before the soil freezes, or when soybeans have 2-3 compound leaves unfolded. The method for loosening the soil is as follows: loosen the soil in wide rows to a depth of 30-35cm.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wide row of the planting is 75-85cm wide, and the narrow row is 40-50cm narrow.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The soybean seed sowing rate is 45-75 kg / hm². 2 The seedling density for sowing is 2.1 × 10⁻⁶. 5 ~3.5×10 5 Plant / hm 2 .

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The field management includes weeding and pest and disease control.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding; The method for pre-emergence weed control is as follows: prepare a mixed solution by mixing metolachlor and water and then spray it. The application rate of S-metolachlor is 1500~2250 ml / hm. 2 The water application rate is 450~750 kg / hm². 2 ; The method for post-emergence weed control is as follows: when the first pair of true leaves unfold, mix 12% dilute chlorpyrifos with water to prepare a mixed solution and then spray it. The application rate of the 12% chlorothalonil is 1400~1600 g / hm. 2 The water application rate is 300~375 kg / hm². 2 .

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The diseases and pests mentioned include soybean downy mildew, soybean pod borer, and soybean aphid; The control method for soybean downy mildew is as follows: After discovering diseased plants, spray with 800 times diluted metalaxyl solution, repeating the spray every 7-10 days, with each application using 550-650 kg / hm². 2 Spray 2-3 times consecutively; The method for controlling soybean pod borer is as follows: during the peak period of adult soybean pod borers from late July to early August, mix deltamethrin and water to prepare a mixed solution and spray it. Spray once every 10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row. The application rate of the dichlorvos is 400-500 ml / hm. 2 The water application rate is 600-750 kg / hm². 2 ; The method for controlling soybean aphids is as follows: spray 20% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate at 100 times dilution or 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate at 800 times dilution before soybean seedling stage or before soybean flowering stage. The application rate of the 20% imidacloprid emulsion at a dilution of 100 times is 450-550 kg / hm². 2 ; The application rate of the 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate at a dilution of 800 times is 450-550 kg / hm². 2 .