Efficient jaw crusher and crushing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crushing equipment, and provides an efficient jaw crusher and a crushing method.The efficient jaw crusher comprises a rack, a static jaw assembly and a movable jaw assembly which are matched with each other are arranged on the rack, a crushing cavity is formed between the static jaw assembly and the movable jaw assembly, baffles are arranged on the two sides of the crushing cavity, and the baffles are installed on the rack; two linear actuators are arranged on the side face of any baffle, a moving rod capable of stretching out and drawing back is connected between the two linear actuators, a mounting block is arranged on the moving rod, a plurality of drill bits are arranged on the inner side of the mounting block, and the drill bits are driven by a first motor; a square hole is formed in the side face of the baffle, and the drill bit corresponds to the square hole and can stretch into the crushing cavity. A laser sensor is arranged on the vertical plate, a protruding block is arranged on the movable rod, the laser sensor is matched with the protruding block, and the laser sensor is connected with a controller. The crusher can be used for better crushing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crushing equipment technology, and more specifically, to a high-efficiency jaw crusher and crushing method. Background Technology

[0002] Jaw crushers, as core equipment for coarse and medium crushing operations, are widely used in mining, building materials, metallurgy and other industries. Their basic working principle involves a motor driving an eccentric shaft, causing the moving jaw to oscillate periodically relative to the stationary jaw. Material entering the crushing chamber is crushed under the squeezing and grinding action of the moving jaw.

[0003] In actual operation, the material to be crushed often contains foreign objects with extremely high hardness or that are uncrushable. When these uncrushable objects enter the crushing chamber, they pose a serious threat to the equipment. Traditional handling methods mainly fall into two categories: one is manual cleaning after stopping the machine, which is inefficient, affects continuous production, and poses safety hazards; the other is installing mechanical overload protection devices in the equipment, such as using shearing safety pins or designing breakable toggle plates. When encountering uncrushable objects, the enormous stress will cause the safety pin to shear or the toggle plate to break, thereby protecting the core components of the main unit from damage. However, this method also requires stopping the machine for manual inspection and replacement of damaged safety pins or toggle plates, making production interruptions unavoidable and increasing spare parts costs and maintenance workload.

[0004] In summary, existing jaw crushers struggle to achieve automated, continuous, and efficient crushing operations when dealing with uncrushable materials. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a jaw crusher technology that can automatically identify and process uncrushable materials online, thereby significantly reducing unplanned downtime and improving the intelligence and reliability of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a high-efficiency jaw crusher and crushing method, which can overcome some or all the defects of the prior art.

[0006] According to the present invention, a high-efficiency jaw crusher includes a frame, on which a stationary jaw assembly and a moving jaw assembly are provided. The moving jaw assembly includes a moving jaw tooth plate, an eccentric shaft is rotatably connected to the top of the moving jaw tooth plate, a mounting part is provided at the bottom of the moving jaw tooth plate, a hook is provided at the bottom of the mounting part, a movable rod is hung on the hook, a first locking plate is provided at one end of the movable rod, a spring is connected to the first locking plate, a second locking plate is connected to the spring, and the second locking plate is supported on a vertical plate, which is mounted on the frame. The vertical plate is equipped with an adjustable support base, and an elbow plate supports the support base and the mounting part. A crushing chamber is formed between the stationary jaw assembly and the moving jaw assembly. Baffles are provided on both sides of the crushing chamber and are mounted on the frame. Two linear actuators are provided on each side of the baffle. A movable rod that can extend and retract inwards is connected between the two linear actuators. A mounting block is provided on the movable rod. Multiple drill bits are provided inside the mounting block. The drill bits are driven by a first motor. A square hole is provided on the side of the baffle. The drill bits correspond to the square hole and can extend into the crushing chamber. A laser sensor is installed on the vertical plate, and a protrusion is installed on the movable rod. The laser sensor cooperates with the protrusion and is connected to a controller. The laser sensor detects the distance, and when the distance exceeds the threshold, the controller controls the eccentric shaft to stop rotating and simultaneously controls the drill bit to start working.

[0007] Preferably, the eccentric shaft is connected to a pulley, which is connected to the drive motor via a belt.

[0008] Preferably, a rotatable movable sleeve is fitted onto the eccentric shaft, and the movable sleeve is fixedly connected to the top of the moving jaw plate.

[0009] Preferably, the top of the support base is provided with an adjusting screw, which passes through the top of the frame and is fitted with multiple nuts.

[0010] Preferably, the support base and the mounting part are respectively provided with support grooves, and the end of the elbow plate is supported in the corresponding support groove; the end of the elbow plate is arc-shaped.

[0011] Preferably, the top and bottom surfaces of the two linear actuators are each provided with a dustproof plate, and the moving rod can be supported on the dustproof plate.

[0012] Preferably, the linear actuator has rotating rods on both sides of its inner end, and the rotating rods are fitted with fixing blocks. The fixing blocks are fixedly installed on the baffle, and one of the rotating rods is fitted with a second motor.

[0013] Preferably, the linear actuator includes a body with a mounting cavity inside. A lead screw is installed in the mounting cavity, and a lead screw nut is sleeved on the lead screw. A connecting block is connected to the side of the lead screw nut. A limiting elongated hole is provided on one side of the mounting cavity. The connecting block cooperates with the limiting elongated hole and is connected to the moving rod after passing through the limiting elongated hole. The lead screw is driven by a third motor.

[0014] Preferably, the square hole is equipped with a cover that can be opened and closed automatically.

[0015] This invention provides a crushing method using a high-efficiency jaw crusher, which employs the aforementioned high-efficiency jaw crusher and includes the following steps: 1. To make the eccentric shaft work, driving the moving jaw tooth plate to perform periodic reciprocating oscillation; 2. After the equipment is running smoothly, start to feed the material to be crushed evenly and continuously into the crushing chamber between the stationary jaw assembly and the moving jaw assembly. Third, the material is crushed by the periodic squeezing and grinding action of the moving jaw tooth plate in the crushing chamber; during the crushing process, the mechanism composed of the moving rod, spring, first clamping plate and second clamping plate forms elastic support; 4. The laser sensor continuously monitors the distance between itself and the protrusion on the movable rod. When the distance exceeds the threshold, it indicates that an uncrushable object has entered. The controller controls the eccentric shaft to stop rotating and simultaneously controls the drill bit to start working. 5. Control the two linear actuators on the side of the baffle to move the moving rod and the mounting block into the crushing chamber, so that the drill bit can be inserted into the crushing chamber through the square hole to drill the uncrushable material; 6. After drilling is completed, the controller stops the drill bit from rotating and instructs the linear actuator to retract, so that the drill bit completely exits the crushing chamber; 7. Restart the drive eccentric shaft to resume crushing operations; 8. After a certain interval, restart the laser sensor to monitor the distance.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1) Through the cooperation of the laser sensor and the protrusion on the movable rod, the operating status of the crusher can be monitored in real time and accurately. Once an abnormal distance is detected (indicating the entry of uncrushable material), the system can immediately and automatically stop the machine and simultaneously start the drilling device. Driven by the linear actuator, the drill bit extends directly into the crushing chamber through the square hole of the baffle to drill and crush the foreign object. The entire process requires no manual intervention, significantly reducing the long interruptions required by traditional methods such as machine shutdown, manual inspection, and foreign object removal, thus improving equipment utilization and work efficiency.

[0017] 2) Traditional mechanical overload protection (such as shearing safety pins or breaking elbow plates) is a passive protection that sacrifices specific components; each trigger means damage and replacement of parts. This invention, upon detecting an overload risk, prioritizes stopping the eccentric shaft, preventing potential damage to core transmission components such as the moving jaw and eccentric shaft under rigid obstruction. Subsequently, it actively eliminates the fault source through drilling, rather than passively subjecting the equipment to impact or damage to protective components, thereby reducing damage to the equipment and extending the service life of critical components. Simultaneously, it avoids the need for manual entry into hazardous areas or the use of tools to clean the crushing chamber, eliminating corresponding personal safety risks.

[0018] 3) The elastic support mechanism, composed of a movable rod, spring, and clamping plate, effectively buffers and absorbs impact loads and vibrations during operation, making the movement of the moving jaw assembly smoother. Combined with the adjustable support base, the discharge port gap can be easily adjusted, thereby controlling the product particle size. This structure enhances the equipment's ability to cope with fluctuations in normal operating conditions, improving overall operational reliability and service life. The adjustable support base also allows for easy adjustment of the toggle plate, effectively supporting the moving jaw assembly.

[0019] 4) The drilling mechanism (linear actuator, moving rod, drill bit, etc.) is installed on the baffle plate on the side of the crushing chamber, without occupying extra space or affecting the main structure and working principle of the crusher. The linear actuator provides a smooth and controllable drive, and the drill bit operates accurately. The drilling mechanism can be mounted on the baffle plate by rotating the rotating rod, thus occupying even less space. The square hole design on the baffle plate, combined with the automatically opening and closing hole cover, can be closed when not in operation to prevent dust spillage and material splashing, maintaining the equipment's airtightness. Furthermore, this modular design facilitates the inspection and maintenance of the drilling device. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a high-efficiency jaw crusher in the embodiment; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a high-efficiency jaw crusher from another perspective in the embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a high-efficiency jaw crusher in the embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drill bit connection structure in the embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dustproof plate in the embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the linear actuator in the embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser sensor and the bump in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To further understand the content of this invention, a detailed description of the invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments are merely illustrative and not limiting of the invention. Example

[0022] like Figure 1-7 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-efficiency jaw crusher, which includes a frame 110. The frame 110 is provided with a stationary jaw assembly 120 and a moving jaw assembly 130 that cooperate with each other. The moving jaw assembly 130 includes a moving jaw tooth plate 131. An eccentric shaft 132 is rotatably connected to the top of the moving jaw tooth plate 131. An installation part 133 is provided at the bottom of the moving jaw tooth plate 131. A hook 134 is provided at the bottom of the installation part 133. A movable rod 140 is hung on the hook 134. A first locking plate 141 is provided at one end of the movable rod 140. A spring 142 is connected to the first locking plate 141. A second locking plate 143 is connected to the spring 142. The second locking plate 143 is supported on a vertical plate 150. The vertical plate 150 is installed on the frame 110. The vertical plate 150 is provided with an adjustable support base 160, and an elbow plate 170 is supported between the support base 160 and the mounting part 133. A crushing chamber is formed between the stationary jaw assembly 120 and the moving jaw assembly 130. Baffles 180 are provided on both sides of the crushing chamber and are mounted on the frame 110. Two linear actuators 210 are provided on the side of each baffle 180. A movable rod 220 that can extend and retract is connected between the two linear actuators 210. A mounting block 230 is provided on the movable rod 220. Multiple drill bits 240 are provided inside the mounting block 230. The drill bits 240 are driven by a first motor 250. A square hole 190 is provided on the side of the baffle 180. The drill bits 240 correspond to the square hole 190 and can extend into the crushing chamber. A laser sensor 310 is provided on the vertical plate 150, and a protrusion 320 is provided on the movable rod 140. The laser sensor 310 cooperates with the protrusion 320. The laser sensor 310 is connected to a controller. The distance is detected by the laser sensor 310. When the distance exceeds the threshold, the controller controls the eccentric shaft 132 to stop rotating and at the same time controls the drill bit 240 to start working.

[0023] By driving the eccentric shaft 132, the moving jaw assembly 130 is made to periodically reciprocate relative to the stationary jaw assembly 120, and the material entering the crushing chamber is crushed under the squeezing and grinding action of the moving jaw assembly 130.

[0024] The laser sensor 310, in conjunction with the protrusion 320 on the movable rod 140, enables real-time and precise monitoring of the crusher's operating status. Upon detecting an abnormal distance (indicating the entry of uncrushable material), the system automatically stops immediately and simultaneously activates the drilling device. Driven by the linear actuator 210, the drill bit 240 extends directly into the crushing chamber through the square hole 190 on the baffle 180 to drill and crush the foreign object. The entire process requires no manual intervention, significantly reducing the long downtime required for shutdown, manual inspection, and foreign object removal in traditional methods, thus improving equipment utilization and work efficiency. In this embodiment, drilling devices are respectively installed on the two baffles 180, allowing for convenient access to the interior of the crushing chamber through the cooperation of the two drilling devices.

[0025] The elastic support mechanism, composed of the movable rod 140, spring 142, first clamping plate 141, and second clamping plate 143, effectively buffers and absorbs impact loads and vibrations during operation, making the movement of the moving jaw assembly 130 smoother. Combined with the adjustable support base 160 and toggle plate 170, the discharge port gap can be easily adjusted, thereby controlling the product particle size. This structure enhances the equipment's ability to cope with fluctuations in normal operating conditions, improving overall operational reliability and service life. The adjustable support base 160 allows for convenient adjustment of the toggle plate 170, effectively supporting the moving jaw assembly 130.

[0026] The drilling mechanism (linear actuator, moving rod, drill bit, etc.) is installed on the baffle plate on the side of the crushing chamber, which does not occupy extra space and does not affect the main structure and working principle of the crusher. The linear actuator provides a smooth and controllable drive, and the drill bit operates in an accurate position.

[0027] In this embodiment, the eccentric shaft 132 is connected to a pulley 1321, and the pulley 1321 is connected to the drive motor via a belt.

[0028] In this embodiment, a rotatable movable sleeve 135 is sleeved on the eccentric shaft 132, and the movable sleeve 135 is fixedly connected to the top end of the moving jaw tooth plate 131.

[0029] In this embodiment, the support base 160 is provided with an adjusting screw 161 at its top. The adjusting screw 161 passes through the top of the frame 110 and is sleeved with multiple nuts. The adjusting screw 161 allows for convenient adjustment of the position of the support base 160.

[0030] In this embodiment, the support base 160 and the mounting part 133 are respectively provided with support grooves 171, and the ends of the elbow plate 170 are supported in the corresponding support grooves 171; the ends of the elbow plate 170 are arc-shaped. The support grooves 171 provide precise mounting positions for both ends of the elbow plate 170, which can prevent the elbow plate 170 from falling off. The arc-shaped ends of the elbow plate 170 can better accommodate the movement of the moving jaw tooth plate 131.

[0031] In this embodiment, dustproof plates 260 are respectively provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the two linear actuators 210, and the moving rod 220 can be supported on the dustproof plates 260. The dustproof plates 260 can not only prevent dust, but also support the moving rod 220, making the movement of the moving rod 220 more stable.

[0032] In this embodiment, rotating rods 270 are provided on both sides of the inner end of the linear actuator 210. The rotating rods 270 are fitted with fixing blocks 280, which are fixedly installed on the baffle 180. One of the rotating rods 270 is fitted with a second motor 290.

[0033] The drilling mechanism can be attached to the baffle 180 when not in use by rotating the rotating rod 270, thus taking up less space and making it easier to transport.

[0034] In this embodiment, the linear actuator 210 includes a body 211, a mounting cavity 212 is provided inside the body 211, a lead screw 213 is provided inside the mounting cavity 212, a lead screw nut 214 is sleeved on the lead screw 213, and a connecting block 215 is connected to the side of the lead screw nut 214; a limiting elongated hole 216 is provided on one side of the mounting cavity 212, the connecting block 215 cooperates with the limiting elongated hole 216, and the connecting block 215 passes through the limiting elongated hole 216 and is connected to the moving rod 220; the lead screw 213 is driven by a third motor 217.

[0035] In this embodiment, a cover 191 is provided on the square hole 190, and the cover 191 can be opened and closed automatically.

[0036] The square hole 190 on the baffle 180 and the automatically opening and closing cover 191 ensure that the electric saw 220 can extend smoothly when needed, and also close the crushing chamber when not in operation to prevent material from splashing out and dust from entering the mounting box 210, thus protecting the internal mechanism.

[0037] This embodiment provides a crushing method using a high-efficiency jaw crusher, which employs the aforementioned high-efficiency jaw crusher and includes the following steps: 1. Make the eccentric shaft 132 work, driving the moving jaw tooth plate 131 to perform periodic reciprocating oscillation; 2. After the equipment is running smoothly, start to feed the material to be crushed evenly and continuously into the crushing chamber between the stationary jaw assembly 120 and the moving jaw assembly 130. Third, the material is crushed by the periodic squeezing and grinding action of the moving jaw tooth plate 131 in the crushing chamber; during the crushing process, the mechanism composed of the movable rod 140, the spring 142, the first clamping plate 141, and the second clamping plate 143 forms an elastic support. IV. The laser sensor 310 continuously monitors the distance between itself and the protrusion 320 on the movable rod 140. When the distance exceeds the threshold, it indicates that an uncrushable object has entered. The controller controls the eccentric shaft 132 to stop rotating and simultaneously controls the drill bit 240 to start working. 5. The two linear actuators 210 on the side of the control baffle 180 are activated to push the moving rod 220 and the mounting block 230 into the crushing chamber, so that the drill bit 240 can be inserted into the crushing chamber through the square hole 190 to drill the uncrushable material. 6. After drilling is completed, the controller stops the drill bit 240 from rotating and instructs the linear actuator 210 to retract, so that the drill bit 240 completely exits the crushing chamber. 7. Restart the drive eccentric shaft 132 to resume crushing operations; 8. After a period of time, restart the laser sensor 310 to monitor the distance.

[0038] This embodiment not only solves the core pain points of traditional jaw crushers being forced to stop when encountering uncrushable objects, low efficiency of manual handling, and poor safety, but also significantly improves the automation level, operation continuity, safety, and economy of the equipment through mechatronics intelligent design.

[0039] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency jaw crusher, characterized in that: The assembly includes a frame (110), on which a stationary jaw assembly (120) and a moving jaw assembly (130) are provided. The moving jaw assembly (130) includes a moving jaw tooth plate (131), with an eccentric shaft (132) rotatably connected to the top of the moving jaw tooth plate (131). The bottom of the moving jaw tooth plate (131) is provided with a mounting part (133), and the bottom of the mounting part (133) is provided with a hook (134). A movable rod (140) is attached to the hook (134). One end of the movable rod (140) is provided with a first locking plate (141), and the first locking plate (141) is connected to a spring (142). The spring (142) is connected to a second locking plate (143), and the second locking plate (143) is supported on a vertical plate (150). The vertical plate (150) is mounted on the frame (110). The vertical plate (150) is provided with an adjustable support base (160), and an elbow plate (170) is supported between the support base (160) and the mounting part (133). A crushing chamber is formed between the stationary jaw assembly (120) and the moving jaw assembly (130). Baffles (180) are provided on both sides of the crushing chamber and are mounted on the frame (110). Two linear actuators (210) are provided on the side of each baffle (180). A movable rod (220) that can extend and retract is connected between the two linear actuators (210). A mounting block (230) is provided on the movable rod (220). Multiple drill bits (240) are provided inside the mounting block (230). The drill bits (240) are driven by a first motor (250). A square hole (190) is provided on the side of the baffle (180). The drill bits (240) correspond to the square hole (190) and can extend into the crushing chamber. A laser sensor (310) is provided on the vertical plate (150), and a protrusion (320) is provided on the movable rod (140). The laser sensor (310) cooperates with the protrusion (320). The laser sensor (310) is connected to a controller. The distance is detected by the laser sensor (310). When the distance exceeds the threshold, the controller controls the eccentric shaft (132) to stop rotating and controls the drill bit (240) to start working.

2. The high-efficiency jaw crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: An eccentric shaft (132) is connected to a pulley (1321), which is connected to a drive motor via a belt.

3. The high-efficiency jaw crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rotatable movable sleeve (135) is fitted onto the eccentric shaft (132), and the movable sleeve (135) is fixedly connected to the top of the moving jaw plate (131).

4. A high-efficiency jaw crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support base (160) is provided with an adjusting screw (161) at the top. The adjusting screw (161) passes through the top of the frame (110) and is connected to multiple nuts.

5. A high-efficiency jaw crusher according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support base (160) and the mounting part (133) are respectively provided with support grooves (171), and the end of the elbow plate (170) is supported in the corresponding support groove (171); the end of the elbow plate (170) is arc-shaped.

6. A high-efficiency jaw crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top and bottom surfaces of the two linear actuators (210) are respectively provided with dustproof plates (260), and the moving rod (220) can be supported on the dustproof plates (260).

7. A high-efficiency jaw crusher according to claim 6, characterized in that: The linear actuator (210) has rotating rods (270) on both sides of its inner end. The rotating rods (270) are fitted with fixing blocks (280). The fixing blocks (280) are fixedly installed on the baffle (180). One of the rotating rods (270) is fitted with a second motor (290).

8. A high-efficiency jaw crusher according to claim 7, characterized in that: The linear actuator (210) includes a body (211), a mounting cavity (212) is provided in the body (211), a lead screw (213) is provided in the mounting cavity (212), a lead screw nut (214) is sleeved on the lead screw (213), and a connecting block (215) is connected to the side of the lead screw nut (214); a limiting elongated hole (216) is provided on one side of the mounting cavity (212), the connecting block (215) cooperates with the limiting elongated hole (216), and the connecting block (215) is connected to the moving rod (220) after passing through the limiting elongated hole (216); the lead screw (213) is driven by a third motor (217).

9. A high-efficiency jaw crusher according to claim 8, characterized in that: The square hole (190) is provided with a hole cover (191), which can be opened and closed automatically.

10. A crushing method using a high-efficiency jaw crusher, characterized in that: It employs a high-efficiency jaw crusher as described in any one of claims 1-9, and includes the following steps:

1. Make the eccentric shaft (132) work, and drive the moving jaw tooth plate (131) to perform periodic reciprocating oscillation; 2. After the equipment is running smoothly, start to feed the material to be crushed evenly and continuously into the crushing chamber between the stationary jaw assembly (120) and the moving jaw assembly (130); Third, the material is crushed by the periodic squeezing and grinding action of the moving jaw tooth plate (131) in the crushing chamber; during the crushing process, the mechanism composed of the movable rod (140), spring (142) and the first clamping plate (141) and the second clamping plate (143) forms an elastic support; 4. The laser sensor (310) continuously monitors the distance between itself and the protrusion (320) on the movable rod (140). When the distance exceeds the threshold, it indicates that an unbreakable object has entered. The controller controls the eccentric shaft (132) to stop rotating and simultaneously controls the drill bit (240) to start working. Fifth, the two linear actuators (210) on the side of the control baffle (180) are activated to push the moving rod (220) and the mounting block (230) into the crushing chamber, so that the drill bit (240) can be inserted into the crushing chamber through the square hole (190) to drill the uncrushable material; 6. After drilling is completed, the controller controls the drill bit (240) to stop rotating and instructs the linear actuator (210) to retract, so that the drill bit (240) completely exits the crushing chamber; 7. Restart the drive eccentric shaft (132) to resume crushing operation; 8. After a period of time, restart the laser sensor (310) to monitor the distance.

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