Energy-saving self-arch-breaking ash discharging device

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy-saving self-arch-breaking ash discharging device which comprises an ash hopper shell, a barrel bag, an elastic telescopic mechanism, a traction rope and a supporting frame. The elastic telescopic mechanism is indirectly connected with the dust hopper shell through a supporting frame and is provided with a telescopic dust shaking assembly which can be pressed down by accumulated dust falling into a shell channel or jacked up by a spring, the telescopic dust shaking assembly can synchronously pull and shake a barrel bag through a pulling rope, and the dust hopper has the advantages of saving energy, reducing consumption, being thorough in arching prevention, easy to maintain and low in cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of electrostatic precipitators, and in particular to the technical field of electrostatic precipitator ash hoppers. Background Technology

[0002] In the industrial sector, dust control is a core component of ensuring production safety and achieving green development. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), as the current mainstream high-efficiency dust removal equipment, have been deeply integrated into many high-dust-emission industries such as thermal power, steel, chemical, cement, and non-ferrous metal smelting. The ash hopper, as the "ash storage and discharge hub" of the ESP, has the core function of receiving the dust captured by the electric field of the ESP body, realizing the key connection from "collection" to "transportation"—it can stably transport the layered dust discharged from the cathode wire or anode plate (in order to balance dust removal efficiency, discharge stability, and equipment life, ESPs usually need to wait for a certain thickness of dust layer to form on the cathode wire or anode plate before cleaning) to the ash silo or recycling system. Once the ash hopper discharge is not smooth, the entire operation chain of the ESP will break, directly affecting the continuous operation of the production line.

[0003] During the actual operation of an electrostatic precipitator, when the dust particles collected and accumulated in the ash hopper are small, have low density, strong viscosity, and relatively high moisture content, the dust may cool and clump in a certain part of the lower part of the ash hopper, creating material cavities (which cannot be effectively discharged by the ash discharge valve in a timely manner), thus forming an arching phenomenon. Especially when the dust collected in the ash hopper is coal dust, long-term dust adhesion to the walls, agglomeration, and arching may lead to spontaneous combustion of coal dust or even an explosion.

[0004] To address the problem of dust clogging in dust collector hoppers, two main types of arch-breaking solutions have emerged in the traditional technology field, but both have significant drawbacks. The first type is mechanical stirring arch-breaking devices, such as the dust clogging disposal device for dust collector hoppers disclosed in CN106697628A. Its principle involves installing motor-driven stirring blades inside the hopper, which directly impact and break up the clumps of dust through rotation. However, such devices consume a large amount of electricity during continuous operation, far exceeding the energy-saving expectations of enterprises. Furthermore, the hard friction between the stirring blades and the clumps of dust leads to severe blade wear, increasing maintenance costs and causing production disruptions due to downtime. The second type is external wall vibration arch-breaking devices (divided into mechanical vibration and electric vibration). There are two types of magnetic rapping; mechanical rapping uses a motor to drive an eccentric block to rotate, generating centrifugal force and driving the rapping hammer to strike the outer wall of the ash hopper; electromagnetic rapping uses the pulse impact force generated by the switching on and off of an electromagnetic coil to strike the outer wall of the ash hopper, such as the intelligent arch-breaking control method for dust collector ash hoppers disclosed in CN110743280A; although the power of these devices is slightly lower than that of agitators, they still consume a lot of electrical energy during long-term operation; more importantly, the impact force generated by high-frequency rapping can cause fatigue damage to the ash hopper shell - ash hoppers are mostly welded structures, and cracks are prone to appear in the areas where the rapping force is concentrated (such as the weld between the conical section and the straight section), and in severe cases, the entire ash hopper may need to be replaced, which greatly increases the total life cycle cost of the equipment.

[0005] With the advancement of the "dual carbon" target and the implementation of policies such as the industrial green development plan, industrial enterprises have increasingly stringent requirements for the energy efficiency and low maintenance of equipment. On the one hand, enterprises need to control production costs by reducing equipment energy consumption, thereby enhancing market competitiveness. On the other hand, the improvement of environmental protection and safety standards also requires that ash hoppers not only solve the problem of ash arching. The defects of traditional arch-breaking devices, such as high energy consumption, high maintenance costs, and easy damage to equipment, can no longer meet the current industry needs. Based on this, the development of an energy-saving ash hopper that does not require a high-power motor drive, can achieve self-arching by utilizing the kinetic energy of the falling dust, and also has an auxiliary ash cleaning function has become a key direction for solving the problem of ash hopper unloading in electrostatic precipitators and promoting the green upgrading of dust removal equipment. It has important industrial application value and practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention proposes an energy-saving self-breaking ash removal device, which combines energy saving and consumption reduction, thorough anti-arching, and easy maintenance at low cost.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes an energy-saving self-breaking arch ash discharge device, comprising an ash hopper shell, a cylindrical bag, an elastic telescopic mechanism, a traction rope, and a support frame. The cylindrical bag is detachably installed into the ash hopper shell. The elastic telescopic mechanism is indirectly connected to the ash hopper shell through the support frame and has a telescopic ash-shaking component that can be pressed down by ash falling into the shell channel or pushed up by a spring. The telescopic ash-shaking component can synchronously pull and shake the cylindrical bag through the traction rope.

[0008] Preferably, the telescopic dust-shaking assembly includes an umbrella cover and a movable column. The top end of the movable column is connected to the hollow, convex umbrella cover, while the bottom end is inserted into the positioning cylinder along the cylinder channel. The movable column and the positioning cylinder are sealed by a sealing assembly. The spring is fitted outside the movable column and can elastically support the movable column in its natural state.

[0009] Preferably, the movable column includes a base column and a guide rod. The top end of the base column is integrally formed with the umbrella cover, and the bottom end is threadedly connected to the guide rod. The bottom end of the guide rod extends downward through the positioning cylinder and is indirectly connected to the bag via a traction rope. The sealing assembly is composed of a first sealing ring clamped by the base column and the guide rod, and a second sealing ring disposed between the positioning cylinder and the guide rod.

[0010] Preferably, the movable column isolates the first sealing ring between the base column and the guide rod through a spacer ring, and the positioning cylinder supports the second sealing ring through a groove in the cylinder body.

[0011] Preferably, both the first and second sealing rings are Y-shaped sealing rings.

[0012] Preferably, a limiting ring threaded to the outside of the guide rod is provided below the positioning cylinder, and a first washer is also provided on the side of the limiting ring facing the positioning cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, the umbrella cover and the positioning cylinder are cushioned by a second washer.

[0014] Preferably, an air jetting mechanism is provided between the ash hopper shell and the bag, and the air jetting mechanism is connected to the central control system.

[0015] Preferably, the jetting mechanism includes a ring pipe, nozzles, an air collecting pipe, and a valve. The ring pipe is located in the gap between the ash hopper shell and the bag and is equipped with several nozzles. One end of the air collecting pipe extends into the ash hopper shell and is connected to the ring pipe, while the other end is connected to the air source. The valve is arranged on the air collecting pipe.

[0016] Preferably, each of the nozzles is inclined and faces the ash hopper shell or the bag.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1) Energy saving and consumption reduction, in line with the concept of green development: This invention completely eliminates the dependence of traditional arch-breaking devices on high-power motors, and innovatively adopts a passive drive mode of "dust self-weight drive + spring elastic rebound", achieving extreme energy saving; on the one hand, when dust falls from the cathode wire or anode plate of the electrostatic precipitator, it can press down the umbrella cover by its own weight, drive the movable column to compress the spring, and then pull the bag through the traction rope to complete the first dust shaking; on the other hand, the elastic rebound of the spring can drive the movable column to move up and down repeatedly, pulling and shaking the bag again. The entire arch-breaking process does not require additional power consumption; the auxiliary dust cleaning jet mechanism can also be started and stopped as needed, and the power of a single jet mechanism is far lower than that of traditional agitators or rapping devices. Combined with the precise control of the central control system, it can minimize energy waste; compared with traditional mechanical agitation and external wall rapping arch-breaking devices, the energy consumption of this invention is greatly reduced, perfectly in line with the "dual carbon" target and industrial green development plan, while helping enterprises reduce production costs and effectively enhance market competitiveness; 2) Dual Arch Breaking + Auxiliary Dust Removal for More Thorough Anti-Arching and Dust Removal: This invention constructs a dual anti-arching and dust removal system of "active dust shaking + auxiliary air jetting" (i.e., the elastic telescopic mechanism forms a dynamic arch breaking mechanism + the air jetting mechanism forms an all-round dust removal guarantee), effectively solving the problem of caking and arching of fine, light, sticky, and wet dust; Specifically, this invention can convert the gravitational impact of falling dust into the pulling and shaking of the bag, directly breaking up the initially accumulated dust, and can also use the high-frequency reciprocating shaking brought by the spring rebound to continuously destroy the adhesion between dust particles, effectively preventing the formation of a caking layer and preventing it from the source. The dust arching phenomenon is eliminated. In addition, the ring pipe is arranged around the gap between the outer shell of the dust hopper and the cylindrical bag. Several nozzles inclined towards the inner wall of the outer shell of the dust hopper or the surface of the cylindrical bag can spray high-pressure gas to accurately clean the residual dust adhering to the shell wall and the cylindrical bag (the gas flow can disperse the accumulated dust in the gap and avoid the formation of local accumulation). At the same time, the gas impact force helps to drive the cylindrical bag to vibrate, accelerating the dust to fall. This dual mechanism works together to ensure that the dust always remains in a flowing state in the dust hopper, completely eliminating the problems of "cavity" and "arching", and effectively ensuring that the unloading channel is unobstructed. 3) Simple structure and easy maintenance, reducing total life cycle cost: This invention adopts a modular and detachable structural design, which significantly reduces the difficulty and cost of equipment maintenance. Specifically, the bag can be detachably connected to the outer shell ring of the ash hopper and the inner strap to the guide rod ring through the outer strap (when the bag is worn or blocked, it is not necessary to disassemble the entire ash hopper; it can be quickly replaced simply by loosening the strap, which is convenient and has low replacement cost). The sealing component in the elastic telescopic mechanism adopts a Y-shaped sealing ring and is tightly fixed by the spacer ring and the groove of the cylinder, which has excellent sealing performance, is easy to disassemble and assemble, and can be replaced individually when worn (without replacing the entire moving column or positioning cylinder). The limit ring, the first washer and the second washer and other buffer protection components can also effectively reduce the hard friction of moving parts and extend the service life of the equipment. In addition, this invention does not have the wear blades of traditional agitators and the impact components of rapping devices, avoiding problems such as shell cracks and component damage caused by high-frequency vibration or hard friction, reducing the number of downtime maintenance and the cost of welding and shell replacement, and significantly reducing the investment in operation and maintenance throughout the equipment's life cycle.

[0018] The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is an assembly diagram of the energy-saving self-breaking arch ash removal device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the energy-saving self-breaking arch ash removal device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the energy-saving self-breaking arch ash removal device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic telescopic mechanism of the energy-saving self-breaking arch ash discharge device of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1-Dust hopper outer shell, 2-Cylinder bag, 3-Elastic telescopic mechanism, 31-Telescopic dust shaking assembly, 311-Umbrella cover, 312-Base column, 313-Guide rod, 314-Spacer ring, 32-Positioning cylinder, 33-Spring, 34-First sealing ring, 35-Second sealing ring, 36-Limiting ring, 37-First washer, 38-Second washer, 4-Traction rope, 5-Support frame, 6-Air jet mechanism, 61-Ring pipe, 62-Nozzle, 63-Gas collection pipe, 64-Valve. Detailed Implementation

[0021] See Figures 1 to 4This invention relates to an energy-saving self-breaking arch ash discharge device, comprising an ash hopper shell 1, a cylindrical bag 2, an elastic telescopic mechanism 3, a traction rope 4, and a support frame 5. The cylindrical bag 2 is detachably inserted into the ash hopper shell 1. The elastic telescopic mechanism 3 is indirectly connected to the ash hopper shell 1 via the support frame 5 and has a telescopic ash-shaking component 31 that can be pressed down by ash falling into the shell channel or pushed up by a spring 33. The telescopic ash-shaking component 31 can synchronously pull and shake the cylindrical bag 2 via the traction rope 4. Several shell rings can be set on the inner wall of the ash hopper shell 1, and several external straps can be correspondingly set on the outer wall of the cylindrical bag 2, so that the ash hopper shell 1 and the cylindrical bag 2 can be detachably connected by the external straps that are tied one-to-one with the shell rings. In addition, the distribution of connection points and the control of the binding length of the external straps can be used to ensure that the cylindrical bag 2 can be fixed to the ash hopper shell 1 and can also be pulled and shaken by the elastic telescopic mechanism 3.

[0022] The telescopic dust-shaking assembly 31 includes an umbrella cover 311 and a movable column. The top end of the movable column is connected to the hollow, convex umbrella cover 311, while the bottom end is inserted into the positioning cylinder 32 along the cylindrical channel. The movable column and the positioning cylinder 32 are sealed by a sealing assembly. The spring 33 is fitted outside the movable column and can elastically support the movable column in its natural state.

[0023] The movable column includes a base column 312 and a guide rod 313. The top end of the base column 312 is integrally formed with the umbrella cover 311, and the bottom end is threadedly connected to the guide rod 313. The bottom end of the guide rod 313 extends downward through the positioning cylinder 32 and is indirectly connected to the tube bag 2 through the traction rope 4. The sealing assembly is composed of a first sealing ring 34 clamped by the base column 312 and the guide rod 313 and a second sealing ring 35 disposed between the positioning cylinder 32 and the guide rod 313. Similarly, several rod rings can be set on the outer wall of the guide rod 313, and several inner binding straps can be correspondingly set on the inner wall of the tube bag 2, so that the guide rod 313 and the tube bag 2 can be detachably connected by the inner binding straps that are tied one-to-one on the rod rings.

[0024] The movable column isolates the first sealing ring 34 between the base column 312 and the guide rod 313 through the spacer ring 314, and the positioning cylinder 32 supports the second sealing ring 35 through the groove of the cylinder body.

[0025] Both the first sealing ring 34 and the second sealing ring 35 are Y-shaped sealing rings.

[0026] Below the positioning cylinder 32, there is also a limiting ring 36 threadedly connected to the guide rod 313, and a first washer 37 is also placed on the side of the limiting ring 36 facing the positioning cylinder 32.

[0027] The umbrella cover 311 and the positioning cylinder 32 are buffered by a second washer 38.

[0028] An air jetting mechanism 6 is provided between the outer shell 1 of the ash hopper and the cylindrical bag 2, and the air jetting mechanism 6 is connected to the central control system.

[0029] The jetting mechanism 6 includes a ring pipe 61, nozzles 62, an air collecting pipe 63, and a valve 64. The ring pipe 61 is located in the gap between the ash hopper shell 1 and the bag 2 and is equipped with several nozzles 62. One end of the air collecting pipe 63 extends into the ash hopper shell 1 and is connected to the ring pipe 61, while the other end is connected to the air source. The valve 64 is arranged on the air collecting pipe 63.

[0030] Each of the nozzles 62 is tilted and faces the ash hopper shell 1 or the bag 2.

[0031] In addition, the ash hopper should have good insulation measures and be heated by heating equipment; specifically, the lower two-thirds of the ash hopper shell 1 can be designed as a double-layer structure and a tubular heat exchanger (steam heater) can be installed in the interlayer to keep the ash hopper temperature within a specified range; a constant temperature device can also be set accordingly to keep the steam heater safe and stable in operation.

[0032] The outer shell 1 of the ash hopper should also have a well-sealed ash removal hole and a maintenance manhole for easy inspection and maintenance.

[0033] Working process of this invention: When the ash discharged from the cathode wire or anode plate falls into the ash hopper, the ash can press down on the umbrella cover 311 by its own weight. This causes the bag 2 to fall by pulling and shaking it through the movable column and traction rope 4. At the same time, the movable column compresses the spring 33. After that, the compressed spring 33 will bounce repeatedly to pull and shake the bag 2 again, further preventing arching.

[0034] In addition, the jetting mechanism 6 can be activated periodically or as needed to blow the high-pressure gas ejected from the nozzle 62 into the ash hopper shell 1 or the cylindrical bag 2, thereby preventing dust from accumulating in the gap between the ash hopper shell 1 and the cylindrical bag 2. At the same time, the gas assists in driving the cylindrical bag 2 to accelerate the falling of dust.

[0035] The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modifications to the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-saving self-breaking arch-discharging ash removal device, characterized in that: The hopper includes an outer shell (1), a cylindrical bag (2), an elastic telescopic mechanism (3), a traction rope (4), and a support frame (5). The cylindrical bag (2) is detachably installed into the outer shell (1). The elastic telescopic mechanism (3) is indirectly connected to the outer shell (1) of the hopper through the support frame (5) and has a telescopic ash-shaking component (31) that can be pressed down by the ash falling into the shell channel or pushed up by the spring (33). The telescopic ash-shaking component (31) can be pulled and shaken synchronously by the traction rope (4) to shake the cylindrical bag (2).

2. The energy-saving self-breaking arch-discharging ash removal device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic dust-shaking assembly (31) includes an umbrella cover (311) and a movable column. The top of the movable column is connected to the hollow, convex umbrella cover (311), while the bottom is inserted into the positioning cylinder (32) along the cylinder channel. The movable column and the positioning cylinder (32) are sealed by a sealing assembly. The spring (33) is fitted outside the movable column and can elastically support the movable column in its natural state.

3. The energy-saving self-breaking arch-discharging ash removal device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The movable column includes a base column (312) and a guide rod (313). The top end of the base column (312) is integrally formed with the umbrella cover (311), and the bottom end is threadedly connected to the guide rod (313). The bottom end of the guide rod (313) extends downward through the positioning cylinder (32) and is indirectly connected to the tube bag (2) through the traction rope (4). The sealing assembly is composed of a first sealing ring (34) clamped by the base column (312) and the guide rod (313) and a second sealing ring (35) disposed between the positioning cylinder (32) and the guide rod (313).

4. The energy-saving self-breaking arch-discharging ash removal device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The movable column isolates the first sealing ring (34) between the base column (312) and the guide rod (313) through a spacer ring (314), and the positioning cylinder (32) supports the second sealing ring (35) through the groove of the cylinder body.

5. The energy-saving self-breaking arch-discharging ash removal device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Both the first sealing ring (34) and the second sealing ring (35) are Y-shaped sealing rings.

6. The energy-saving self-breaking arch-discharging ash removal device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning cylinder (32) is also provided with a limiting ring (36) threaded to the outside of the guide rod (313) below it, and a first washer (37) is also placed on the side of the limiting ring (36) facing the positioning cylinder (32).

7. The energy-saving self-breaking arch-discharging ash removal device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The umbrella cover (311) and the positioning cylinder (32) are buffered by a second washer (38).

8. The energy-saving self-breaking arch-discharging ash removal device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: An air jet mechanism (6) is provided between the outer shell (1) of the ash hopper and the bag (2), and the air jet mechanism (6) is connected to the central control system.

9. The energy-saving self-breaking arch-discharging ash removal device as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The jetting mechanism (6) includes a ring pipe (61), nozzles (62), an air collecting pipe (63), and a valve (64). The ring pipe (61) is located in the gap between the ash hopper shell (1) and the cylinder bag (2) and is equipped with several nozzles (62). One end of the air collecting pipe (63) extends into the ash hopper shell (1) and is connected to the ring pipe (61), while the other end is connected to the air source. The valve (64) is arranged on the air collecting pipe (63).

10. The energy-saving self-breaking arch ash removal device as described in claim 9, characterized in that: Each of the nozzles (62) is tilted and faces the ash hopper shell (1) or the bag (2).

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