Numerical control lathe spindle clamping system and method
By adopting a positioning plate and clamping mechanism in the CNC lathe spindle clamping system, coaxial positioning and automatic clamping of the workpiece and spindle are achieved, solving the problems of low positioning accuracy and poor versatility of existing lathe clamping systems, and realizing efficient automated mass production.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHENGDU BIYANG PRECISION MASCH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing lathe clamping systems suffer from low positioning accuracy, poor versatility, cumbersome operation, and inability to achieve high-precision automated mass production. In particular, three-jaw chucks and hydraulic clamps are costly and have limited versatility.
A CNC lathe spindle clamping system was designed, which adopts a positioning plate and a clamping mechanism. The workpiece and the spindle are coaxially positioned by the coaxial cooperation between the conical surface of the positioning fixture and the conical hole of the positioning plate. Combined with the clamping mechanism of the pull rod and the puller jaw, the workpiece can be automatically clamped, positioned and clamped. The clamping accuracy is ensured by dual detection of the air seal detection sensor and the proximity switch.
It enables high-precision, low-cost automated mass production, with high positioning accuracy, strong versatility, saving operation time, avoiding repeated alignment operations, and improving processing efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121848168B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of turning equipment technology, specifically to a CNC lathe spindle clamping system and method. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, when turning workpieces on a lathe, a three-jaw chuck is typically used to hold the parts. However, the three-jaw chuck has the following drawbacks: 1) Low positioning accuracy: After each use of the three-jaw chuck to hold the workpiece, an alignment operation is required to ensure that the workpiece is coaxial with the lathe spindle. This means that an alignment operation is required for each part being machined, which is not only cumbersome but also reduces machining efficiency; 2) Low versatility: It is only suitable for clamping and positioning cylindrical workpieces; 3) Long assembly time: It cannot achieve mass production or automated assembly; it cannot achieve engineering and standardization. In other words, the three-jaw chuck is not suitable for high-precision automated production lines, which is one of the current pain points in the industry.
[0003] Existing technologies, such as CN108907837A - A lathe spindle structure suitable for automatic clamping of irregularly shaped workpieces, use hydraulic clamps to hold the workpieces to be turned. Although hydraulic clamps have the advantage of high positioning accuracy and can be used for high-precision automated mass production, they rely on imports from abroad, resulting in high costs.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a lathe spindle clamping system that is versatile, relatively inexpensive, and highly accurate in positioning, and suitable for high-precision automated mass production. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a CNC lathe spindle clamping system and method, which not only has high positioning accuracy but also relatively low price, solving the problem that existing lathes cannot achieve high-precision automated mass production.
[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0007] A CNC lathe spindle clamping system includes:
[0008] The spindle is connected to the drive mechanism of the CNC lathe;
[0009] The positioning plate has a tapered hole inside. The positioning plate is installed at the end of the spindle away from the drive mechanism. The tapered hole is coaxial with the spindle and connects the internal and external spaces of the spindle.
[0010] The positioning fixture has a clamping section at one end for fixing the workpiece and a positioning section at the other end. The outer wall of the positioning section is a conical surface that mates with a conical hole. When the positioning fixture is inserted into the positioning plate, the conical surface is coaxial with the conical hole. A connecting section is provided at the end of the positioning section away from the clamping section.
[0011] The clamping mechanism is located inside the spindle and includes a pull rod and a puller claw. One end of the pull rod is connected to the telescopic component, and the other end is connected to the puller claw. The pull rod is coaxial with the spindle, and the axial displacement of the pull rod enables the puller claw to clamp or release the connecting section.
[0012] Currently, in practical applications, lathes typically use three-jaw chucks to clamp workpieces due to cost considerations. However, the industry pain points for using three-jaw chucks are: low positioning accuracy, poor versatility, time-consuming operation, and inability to achieve mass production.
[0013] This invention aims to improve the clamping system of CNC lathes. Considering cost, it employs other clamping systems with high positioning accuracy suitable for mass production, without using existing hydraulic clamps. The positioning fixture of this invention serves to fix the workpiece and connect it to other components of the clamping system, thereby enabling the spindle to drive the workpiece to rotate. The conical surface setting of the positioning fixture specifically references existing standard parts, such as SK30, SK40, ISO, and HSK. Based on the conical surface design of the positioning fixture, this invention designs a positioning disk structure. Specifically, a conical hole is designed on the positioning disk, and the conical surface of the outer wall of the positioning fixture and the conical hole of the positioning disk are used to achieve coaxiality between the positioning fixture and the positioning disk. The workpiece is pre-clamped on the positioning fixture and coaxial with it. The positioning disk is coaxial with the spindle. Therefore, the coaxiality between the workpiece and the spindle is achieved during CNC lathe machining through the conical surface of the outer wall of the positioning fixture and the conical hole of the positioning disk. The positioning accuracy is high, and there is no need for repeated positioning operations, saving operation time and facilitating mass production. The clamping mechanism of this invention clamps and fixes the positioning fixture, realizing the connection of the spindle, positioning disk, positioning fixture and clamping mechanism into one unit, and realizing the synchronous rotation of the workpiece with the spindle.
[0014] In summary, the CNC lathe spindle clamping system of the present invention not only has high positioning accuracy and strong versatility, but also features a conical surface structure for the positioning section designed according to machining needs, and a conical hole in the positioning plate that matches the conical surface. Furthermore, it is relatively inexpensive, thus solving the problem that existing lathes cannot achieve high-precision automated mass production.
[0015] In one alternative embodiment, the puller claw is an overall ring-shaped component. At least two notches are provided at the end of the ring-shaped component away from the pull rod. The notches form multiple arc-shaped segments so that the ring-shaped component can radially contract under pressure. The outer wall of the ring-shaped component has a conical structure, and an axial through hole of equal diameter is formed inside the ring-shaped component. The wall thickness of the ring-shaped component gradually increases from the end connected to the pull rod to the other end. The positioning plate has a conical hole that mates with the ring-shaped component.
[0016] When the puller claw of the present invention moves axially, the thickness change of the conical surface compresses the puller claw, thereby clamping and fixing the positioning fixture connecting section.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the puller claw is annular in shape, with at least two notches on the wall of the end of the annular claw away from the pull rod, forming at least two arc-shaped segments at one end of the puller claw. The ends of the arc-shaped segments extend outward to form adjusting convex edges. A limiting element is provided on the outer wall of the puller claw. An inclined sliding groove is provided inside the positioning disk, which is inclined relative to the axial direction of the positioning disk. The inclined sliding groove communicates with the interior of the positioning disk. A sliding fixing block is slidably disposed within the inclined sliding groove, and a radial guide groove for inserting the limiting element is provided within the sliding fixing block. A variable diameter hole is provided inside the positioning disk to cooperate with the puller claw.
[0018] When the puller claw of the present invention moves axially, on the one hand, the adjusting convex edge is squeezed by the wall of the variable diameter hole to achieve the squeezing of the puller claw, thereby achieving the squeezing and clamping fixation of the positioning fixture connecting section; on the other hand, when the puller claw retracts axially, the puller claw drives the sliding fixing block to move by the limiting member. When the puller claw retracts to the designated position (clamping the connecting section), the telescopic clamping member locks and positions the sliding fixing block, and the sliding fixing block applies radial squeezing force to the puller claw. That is, the radial squeezing force is applied to the puller claw simultaneously by the limiting member and the adjusting convex edge. Compared with the puller claw alone, the line contact between the outer wall of the adjusting convex edge and the variable diameter hole of the inner wall of the positioning plate can be used to improve the clamping effect of the puller claw on the connecting section.
[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the inner wall of the puller claw protrudes radially inward to form a clamping protrusion; the puller claw retracts and recovers by utilizing the change in the inner diameter of the variable diameter hole; when the puller claw is in a clamped state, the clamping protrusion clamps the connecting segment.
[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the variable diameter hole includes a first adjustment hole and a second adjustment hole, the diameter of the first adjustment hole being larger than the diameter of the second adjustment hole. When the adjusting convex edge moves into the second adjustment hole, the puller claw clamps the connecting section; when the adjusting convex edge moves into the first adjustment hole, the puller claw disconnects from the connecting section.
[0021] When the puller claw of the above-mentioned structure of the present invention moves axially, the adjusting convex edge is squeezed by the wall of the second adjusting hole to squeeze the puller claw, thereby realizing the squeezing and clamping fixation of the positioning fixture connecting section.
[0022] Furthermore, compared to using the thickness variation of the conical surface to compress the annular part, the pull claw of this invention, which adjusts the convex edge and clamps the protrusion, has better adaptability. Most positioning fixtures are designed with pull studs at the end, which are located at the end of the connecting section. The diameter of the pull stud is larger than that of the connecting section. When the positioning fixture is inserted into the positioning plate, in order to better pass through the pull stud, the inner diameter of the pull claw is relatively large, and the smallest part of the inner diameter is a constant diameter section, which is more conducive to passing through the pull stud.
[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the end of the clamping protrusion furthest from the adjusting protrusion is transitioned to the inner wall of the puller claw by a bevel, and the bevel engages with the pull stud at the end of the connecting section.
[0024] The above configuration utilizes the inclined surface of the inner wall of the puller claw and the inclined surface of the pull stud to clamp the pull stud, thereby improving the clamping effect.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the limiting member inserted into the radial guide groove is an arc surface, and the radial guide groove has an arc segment that mates with the arc surface. This allows the limiting member to better accommodate the radial contraction of the broaching claw during axial displacement.
[0026] In another preferred embodiment, the limiting member and the outer wall of the baffle are elastically or movably connected. This allows the limiting member to better accommodate the radial contraction of the baffle during axial displacement.
[0027] In a preferred embodiment, a telescopic clamping element is provided inside the positioning disk. When the puller claw is in a clamping state, the telescopic clamping element generates a radial clamping force on the sliding fixed block.
[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the sliding fixing block is provided with a groove that mates with the telescopic clamping member.
[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the telescopic clamping member and the limiting member are arranged radially opposite to each other. This invention utilizes both the telescopic clamping member and the limiting member to simultaneously fix the sliding block, thereby stabilizing the radial force applied to the limiting member by the sliding block.
[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the telescopic clamping element includes an electrically operated telescopic rod, a hydraulically operated telescopic rod, or a resilient telescopic rod.
[0031] Specifically, a radial sliding groove is provided inside the positioning plate, and a telescopic clamping component is disposed within the radial sliding groove. When the telescopic clamping component is an elastic telescopic rod, one possible structure is as follows:
[0032] The telescopic clamping component includes a second elastic element and a locking block; the second elastic element is disposed in a radial sliding groove, and the locking block abuts against the second elastic element. The locking block can be inserted into or removed from the groove by sliding the sliding fixing block.
[0033] In a preferred embodiment, when the puller pawl is not clamping the connecting section, the limiting member is not inserted into the bottom of the radial guide groove; when the puller pawl clamps the connecting section, the limiting member is inserted into the bottom of the radial guide groove. This facilitates increasing the radial force exerted by the sliding fixing block on the limiting member.
[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the positioning fixture includes a sealing section connected to the large end of the positioning section, and the diameter of the sealing section is larger than the maximum diameter of the conical hole. After the positioning section is coaxially inserted into the conical hole, the sealing section abuts against the positioning plate. The positioning plate is provided with an air passage that extends axially through the positioning plate. After the positioning section is coaxially inserted into the conical hole, the sealing section blocks one end of the air passage.
[0035] The above-described configuration of the present invention enables the entire spindle interior to be a sealed space after the positioning fixture is assembled to the designated position, which helps to improve clamping stability.
[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the CNC lathe spindle clamping system further includes a positioning detection unit, which is used to detect whether the clamping mechanism clamps the connecting section.
[0037] The positioning detection unit includes an airtightness detection sensor, a first proximity switch, and a controller. The airtightness detection sensor is installed on the end face of the positioning disk to detect whether there is air leakage between the sealing section and the contact surface of the positioning disk, and transmits the detected airflow signal to the controller. The first proximity switch is used to detect the position of the marker on the telescopic component. When the marker reaches the position of the first proximity switch, the spindle is in a tool-equipped and clamped state. When the puller clamps the connecting section, the first proximity switch signal is turned on and fed back to the controller. The controller determines whether the clamping mechanism clamps the connecting section based on the signals from the airtightness detection sensor and the first proximity switch.
[0038] In this invention, when the conical hole of the positioning disk is clean and free of foreign objects, after the positioning clamp is inserted into the positioning disk, the sealing section of the positioning clamp blocks one end of the air passage. When gas is introduced into the air passage through the main shaft, no airflow will flow out from the contact surface between the end face of the positioning disk and the sealing section. That is, at this time, the air seal detection sensor cannot detect the airflow signal. Then, the first proximity open signal is used to determine whether the puller claw is clamping the connecting section. If only the first proximity open signal is used to determine whether the puller claw is clamping the connecting section, and if the positioning clamp is not inserted in place, resulting in a gap between the sealing section and the end of the positioning disk, when the puller claw retracts to the same position, the clamping position with the connecting end changes. It is no longer the specified inner wall of the clamping protrusion that mates with the outer wall of the connecting section, and the inclined surface of the puller claw that mates with the inclined surface of the pull stud. Instead, the inclined surface of the puller claw is retracted relative to the inclined surface of the pull stud, and part of the inner wall of the clamping protrusion mates with the outer wall of the connecting section and part of it mates with the inclined surface of the pull stud. The clamping stability of this structure is poor.
[0039] Therefore, the present invention employs dual detection of an airtight detection sensor and a first proximity switch, which can improve the accuracy of determining whether the puller claw is clamping the connecting section.
[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the positioning detection unit further includes a strain gauge disposed on the outside of the puller claw, specifically positioned on the outer wall of the clamping protrusion; used to detect the pressure of the puller claw and transmit the pressure signal to the controller, which determines the specific position of the puller claw clamping the connecting section.
[0041] Whether the positioning fixture is inserted into the positioning plate properly affects the relative position of the clamping protrusion and the connecting section. Different relative positions of the clamping protrusion and the connecting section result in different pressure signals received by the strain gauge. For example, if the positioning fixture is not inserted properly, there will be a gap between the sealing section and the end of the positioning plate. Part of the clamping protrusion will cooperate with the inclined surface of the pull stud, resulting in an increase in the pressure signal. The controller can determine that the positioning fixture is not inserted properly based on the signal being greater than the set threshold.
[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the CNC lathe spindle clamping system further includes a spindle clamping and loosening detection unit, which includes a first proximity switch, a second proximity switch, and a controller.
[0043] Both the first and second proximity switches are electrically connected to the controller. The controller determines whether the spindle is in a relaxed or clamped state based on the on or off state of the signals from the first and second proximity switches.
[0044] Both the first and second proximity switches are used to detect the position of the marker on the telescopic component. When the marker reaches the position of the second proximity switch, the spindle is in a relaxed state, and the cutter pawl is not connected to the connecting section. At this time, the second proximity switch signal is turned on, and the first proximity switch signal is turned off. When the marker reaches the position of the first proximity switch, the spindle is in a cutter-clamped state, the cutter pawl clamps the connecting section, the first proximity switch signal is turned on, and the second proximity switch signal is turned off.
[0045] The spindle clamping and loosening detection unit of the present invention can determine the state of the lathe spindle.
[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the CNC lathe spindle clamping system further includes a clamping unit; the clamping unit is used to insert the positioning fixture into the positioning plate, and the clamping unit is electrically connected to the controller. After the clamping unit completes the insertion of the positioning fixture into the positioning plate, it sends a loading signal to the controller. Based on the received loading signal, the controller controls the telescopic component to retract, thereby realizing the clamping of the connecting section by the broaching jaws; when the controller determines that the spindle is in a tool-equipped and clamped state, the controller sends a start command to the drive mechanism to make the spindle rotate and process the workpiece.
[0047] The CNC lathe spindle clamping system of the present invention can realize automatic clamping, automatic positioning, and automatic clamping, thereby realizing automated production.
[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the CNC lathe spindle clamping system further includes a cleaning mechanism; the cleaning mechanism includes an airflow channel and an airflow supply unit.
[0049] The airflow channel runs axially through the telescopic component and the tie rod. One end of the airflow channel is connected to the airflow supply unit, and the other end corresponds to the conical hole of the positioning plate.
[0050] To prevent the positioning clamp from failing to insert properly into the positioning disk, this invention employs a designed cleaning mechanism to clean the conical hole of the positioning disk, thus preventing foreign objects from causing the positioning clamp to fail to insert properly.
[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the positioning plate includes a fixed section and a clamping section; the fixed section is connected to the end of the spindle, and the clamping section is disposed within the spindle; a tapered hole is disposed within the fixed section, and the clamping section is used to clamp the connecting section of the baffle.
[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the telescopic component is a rotary hydraulic cylinder. That is, the hydraulic clamping method used in this invention offers better stability compared to pneumatic clamping, and can utilize the hydraulic unit already configured on the lathe.
[0053] A clamping method for a CNC lathe spindle clamping system includes the following steps:
[0054] S1, Fix the workpiece to be processed in the clamping section of the positioning fixture;
[0055] S2, insert the positioning section of the positioning fixture, which holds the workpiece to be processed, into the conical hole of the positioning plate;
[0056] S3, operate the telescopic component to move the pull rod, which in turn moves the pull claw to achieve the fixed positioning of the clamping mechanism.
[0057] Specifically, in step S1, the connecting end of the workpiece is inserted into the clamping section, and then the workpiece is coaxially fixed in the clamping section by bolts or hydraulic clamping.
[0058] This invention first fixes the workpiece coaxially in the positioning fixture. When the workpiece needs to be processed, the positioning fixture with the workpiece to be processed can be directly inserted into the tapered hole of the positioning plate by the robot arm for fixation. Compared with the operation of the existing lathe using a three-jaw chuck, which requires the workpiece to be clamped and positioned in the three-jaw chuck first, this invention can greatly save the time of workpiece assembly on the lathe. Because the workpieces of this invention are pre-assembled in the positioning fixture, it can greatly save time, improve the effective processing time of the lathe, and realize the mass production of workpieces.
[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
[0060] 1. This invention achieves positioning and clamping of the positioning fixture through a designed positioning plate and clamping mechanism, integrating the spindle, positioning plate, positioning fixture, and clamping mechanism into a single unit, enabling the workpiece to rotate synchronously with the spindle. Furthermore, by utilizing the coaxiality of the tapered hole of the positioning plate and the tapered surface of the positioning fixture, the workpiece and spindle are coaxial after the positioning fixture is fixed. This not only offers high positioning accuracy but also eliminates the need for alignment operations, saving operation time and facilitating mass production. This invention does not employ expensive hydraulic clamps and is applicable to different models of positioning fixtures, demonstrating strong versatility and effectively addressing the industry pain point of current lathes using three-jaw chucks.
[0061] 2. By setting a movable sliding fixing block inside the positioning disk, when the puller claw retracts to the designated position (clamping the connecting section), the sliding fixing block and the adjusting convex edge synchronously apply radial extrusion force to the puller claw. Compared with the puller claw alone (which only relies on the adjusting convex edge to contact and extrude the puller claw with the inner wall of the positioning disk), the clamping effect of the puller claw on the connecting section can be improved.
[0062] 3. The positioning detection unit of this invention employs dual detection using an airtightness detection sensor and a first proximity switch to determine whether the clamping mechanism has clamped the connecting section, thus avoiding accidents caused by machining operations performed without clamping the positioning fixture due to a malfunction. Furthermore, the dual detection method offers high accuracy, and the airtightness detection sensor utilizes the seal to determine whether the positioning fixture is properly inserted, avoiding errors caused by relying solely on the first proximity switch to determine whether the connecting section is clamped. Attached Figure Description
[0063] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:
[0064] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled CNC lathe spindle clamping system of the present invention;
[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning fixture after it has been inserted into the positioning disk in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0066] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;
[0067] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism clamping and fixing the positioning fixture in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0068] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;
[0069] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the puller claw and the positioning plate in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0070] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning fixture after it has been inserted into the positioning disk in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
[0071] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a section at point C;
[0072] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism clamping and fixing the positioning fixture in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
[0073] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A magnified view of a section at point D;
[0074] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the puller claw and the sliding fixing block in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
[0075] Figure 12 This is a logic block diagram of the control system in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;
[0076] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the fit between the limiting component and the radial guide groove. Figure 1 ;
[0077] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the fit between the limiting component and the radial guide groove. Figure 2 ;
[0078] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of how an existing lathe clamps a workpiece.
[0079] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:
[0080] 1-Spindle; 2-Positioning plate; 3-Positioning fixture; 4-Telescopic component; 5-Pull rod; 6-Broach claw; 7-Sliding fixing block; 8-Telescopic clamping component;
[0081] 11-First connection terminal; 12-Second connection terminal;
[0082] 21-Fixed section; 22-Clamping section; 23-Air passage; 24-Variation diameter hole; 25-Angled sliding groove; 26-Radial sliding groove;
[0083] 31-Clamping section; 32-Sealing section; 33-Positioning section; 34-Connecting section; 35-Pull stud; 41-Connector;
[0084] 241 - First adjusting hole; 242 - Second adjusting hole;
[0085] 331-Cone surface;
[0086] 61-Clamping protrusion; 62-Adjusting protrusion; 63-Beveled surface; 64-Limiting component;
[0087] 641 - First elastic element; 642 - Limiting block;
[0088] 71-Radial guide groove; 72-Slot;
[0089] 81-Second elastic element; 82-Clocking block;
[0090] 100 - Three-jaw chuck; 200 - Workpiece. Detailed Implementation
[0091] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. The embodiments described below are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0092] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these specific details are not necessary to practice the invention. In other embodiments, well-known structures, materials, or methods are not specifically described to avoid obscuring the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the materials, instruments, and reagents used in the following embodiments are commercially available. Unless otherwise specified, the techniques used in the embodiments are conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
[0093] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0094] Example 1:
[0095] A schematic diagram of a workpiece clamping method on an existing lathe is shown below. Figure 15As shown, a three-jaw chuck 100 is set at the end of the spindle 1. When the workpiece 200 needs to be machined on the lathe, the three-jaw chuck 100 is used to clamp the workpiece 200 and make centering adjustments until the workpiece 200 is coaxial with the spindle before machining. When the three-jaw chuck 100 is used to clamp the workpiece 200, there are problems such as low positioning accuracy of the workpiece 200 and time-consuming alignment operation. Before each machining of the workpiece 200, the workpiece 200 needs to be installed and fixed on the three-jaw chuck and made centering adjustments, which makes the installation of the workpiece 200 time-consuming and laborious, and thus cannot achieve batch automated machining.
[0096] To solve the aforementioned problems of existing lathes, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, a CNC lathe spindle clamping system includes a spindle 1, a positioning plate 2, a positioning fixture 3, and a clamping mechanism. The positioning plate 2 and the clamping mechanism position and clamp the positioning fixture 3. Through the combined action of the spindle 1, the positioning plate 2, the positioning fixture 3, and the clamping mechanism, the workpiece to be processed is coaxially connected to the spindle 1. Specifically:
[0097] The spindle 1 is connected to the drive mechanism of the CNC lathe; the drive mechanism drives the spindle 1 to rotate, thereby causing the workpiece 200 to rotate during machining. The two ends of the spindle 1 are respectively provided with a first connecting end 11 and a second connecting end 12. The first connecting end 11 is used to connect with the positioning plate 2, and the second connecting end 12 is used to connect with the drive mechanism of the CNC lathe through a transmission component. Specifically, the drive mechanism and the second connecting end 12 can be connected by a gear pair.
[0098] The positioning disk 2 has a tapered hole inside. It is installed at the end of the spindle 1 furthest from the drive mechanism. The tapered hole is coaxial with the spindle 1 and connects the interior and exterior spaces of the spindle 1. The positioning disk 2 achieves high-precision positioning of the positioning fixture 3 through the tapered hole and cooperates with the clamping mechanism to clamp and fix the positioning fixture 3. In a specific example, the positioning disk 2 includes a fixed section 21 and a clamping section 22. The outer diameter of the fixed section 21 is larger than the outer diameter of the clamping section 22. The fixed section 21 is connected to the end of the spindle 1. Specifically, after one end face of the fixed section 21 abuts against the end face of the first connecting end 11, the fixed section 21 is aligned coaxially with the spindle 1 and then fastened with bolts. The clamping section 22 is coaxially disposed inside the spindle 1, preferably with its outer wall in close contact with the inner wall of the spindle 1. The tapered hole is disposed inside the fixed section 21, and its diameter gradually increases from the inside to the outside, with the inside referring to the side closer to the clamping section 22. The clamping section 22 is provided with an internal variable diameter hole 24, which includes a first adjustment hole 241 and a second adjustment hole 242. The diameter of the first adjustment hole 241 is larger than the diameter of the second adjustment hole 242. The clamping section 22 utilizes the change in diameter of the variable diameter hole 24 to achieve the clamping of the connecting section 34 by the puller claw 6. Preferably, the first adjustment hole 241 and the second adjustment hole 242 adopt a bevel or arc transition, which is conducive to the axial movement of the adjustment convex edge 62.
[0099] The positioning fixture 3 has a clamping section 31 at one end for fixing the workpiece 200, and a positioning section 33 at the other end. The outer wall of the positioning section 33 is a conical surface 331 that mates with a conical hole. The overall structure of the positioning fixture 3 is designed with reference to the tool holders used in standard machining centers (e.g., SK30, SK40, ISO, HSK, BT, or BBT). The clamping section 31 fixes the workpiece 200 in the same way as the tool holders used in machining centers, using bolts or hydraulic clamping to fix the workpiece 200. That is, the clamping section 31 in this embodiment has an overall ring structure. A hole for installing the workpiece 200 is provided inside the ring structure. A bolt or hydraulic clamping mechanism is provided on the side wall of the ring structure. The workpiece 200 can be manually fixed in the clamping section 31. How to fix the workpiece 200 is well known in the art and will not be described in detail here. When the positioning fixture 3 is inserted into the positioning disk 2, the conical surface 331 is coaxial with the conical hole. A connecting section 34 is provided at the end of the positioning section 33 away from the clamping section 31. A sealing section 32 is located between the positioning section 33 and the clamping section 31. The outer diameter of the sealing section 32 is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the positioning section 33 and also larger than the outer diameter of the clamping section 31. When the positioning fixture 3 is inserted into the positioning disk 2, one end face of the sealing section 32 abuts against the end face of the positioning disk 2. The sealing section 32 can restrict the insertion position of the positioning fixture 3 and achieve a seal. Therefore, the CNC lathe spindle clamping system of this embodiment is applicable to the positioning fixture 3 with the clamping section 31 and the positioning section 33, and has the advantage of strong versatility. The specific form of the positioning fixture 3 in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, tool holders used in machining centers (e.g., SK30, SK40, ISO, HSK, BT, or BBT).
[0100] A clamping mechanism, located within the spindle 1, includes a pull rod 5 and a puller pawl 6. One end of the pull rod 5 is connected to the telescopic member 4, and the other end is connected to the puller pawl 6. The pull rod 5 is coaxial with the spindle 1. The axial displacement of the pull rod 5 enables the puller pawl 6 to clamp or release the connecting section 34. The telescopic member 4 enables the axial movement of the puller pawl 6. In this embodiment, the telescopic member 4 is preferably a rotary hydraulic cylinder, utilizing the lathe's built-in hydraulic system. The rotary hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second connecting end 12 via a connecting member 41, enabling the telescopic member 4 to rotate synchronously with the spindle 1. The piston of the rotary hydraulic cylinder is placed within the connecting member 41, and the telescopic end of the rotary hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the pull rod 5. In this embodiment, the puller pawl 6 is an annular component. The puller pawl 6 is entirely annular, with one end connected to the pull rod 5. The other end wall has at least two notches, forming at least two arc-shaped segments at one end of the puller pawl 6. This allows the puller pawl 6 to radially contract under radial force, thereby tightening the connecting section 34. Specifically, the inner wall of the other end of the puller claw 6 protrudes radially inward to form a clamping protrusion 61, and the other end of the puller claw 6 extends outward to form an adjusting protrusion 62. The adjusting protrusion 62 protrudes from the outer wall of the arc-shaped section, that is, the end of the puller claw 6 away from the pull rod 5 is trumpet-shaped. When the adjusting protrusion 62 retracts and moves into the second adjusting hole 242, the adjusting protrusion 62 is squeezed by the second adjusting hole 242, and the puller claw 6 clamps the connecting section 34 by the radial inward movement of the clamping protrusion 61. When the adjusting protrusion 62 moves into the first adjusting hole 241, the adjusting protrusion 62 is not squeezed by the diameter changing hole 24, the entire puller claw 6 is in a natural state, and the clamping protrusion 61 moves radially outward; the puller claw 6 is disconnected from the connecting section 34.
[0101] In a preferred embodiment, the end of the clamping protrusion 61 away from the adjusting protrusion 62 is transitioned to the inner wall of the puller claw 6 by a bevel 63, and the bevel 63 cooperates with the pull stud 35 at the end of the connecting section 34.
[0102] The working process of this embodiment is as follows:
[0103] S1, fix the workpiece to be processed in the clamping section 31 of the positioning fixture 3; specifically, insert the connecting end of the workpiece into the clamping section 31, and then use bolts or hydraulic clamping to fix the workpiece coaxially in the clamping section 31.
[0104] S2, insert the positioning section 33 of the positioning fixture 3, which holds the workpiece to be processed, into the conical hole of the positioning disk 2;
[0105] S3, the telescopic component 4 is retracted, causing the pull rod 5 to move away from the positioning plate 2, which in turn drives the pull claw 6 to move. When the adjusting protrusion 62 moves to the designated position in the second adjusting hole 242, the clamping protrusion 61 clamps the connecting section 34, thereby realizing the clamping mechanism to fix the positioning fixture 3.
[0106] The puller claw 6 in this embodiment has good adaptability. Most of the positioning clamps 3 are designed with pull studs 35 at their ends. The pull studs 35 are located at the ends of the connecting sections 34. The diameter of the pull studs 35 is larger than the diameter of the connecting sections 34. When the positioning clamps 3 are inserted into the positioning disk 2, in order to better pass through the pull studs 35, the inner diameter of the puller claw 6 is relatively large and the smallest part of the inner diameter is a constant diameter section, which is more conducive to passing through the pull studs 35.
[0107] This embodiment achieves positioning and clamping of the positioning fixture 3 through the designed positioning disk 2 and clamping mechanism, realizing the integration of the spindle 1, positioning disk 2, positioning fixture 3, and clamping mechanism into a single unit, and enabling the workpiece to rotate synchronously with the spindle 1. Furthermore, by utilizing the coaxiality of the tapered hole of the positioning disk 2 and the tapered surface 331 of the positioning fixture 3, the workpiece is coaxial with the spindle 1 after the positioning fixture 3 is fixed. This not only has the advantage of high positioning accuracy but also eliminates the need for alignment operations, saving operation time and facilitating mass production. This invention does not use expensive hydraulic clamps and is applicable to different models of positioning fixture 3, demonstrating strong versatility and effectively solving the industry pain point of current lathes using three-jaw chucks.
[0108] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the workpiece 200 is first coaxially fixed in the positioning fixture 3. When the workpiece 200 needs to be processed, the positioning fixture 3, which holds the workpiece 200, can be directly inserted into the tapered hole of the positioning plate 2 by the robot arm for fixing. Compared with the existing lathes that use a three-jaw chuck 100 for clamping and fixing, which requires clamping and positioning the workpiece 200 in the three-jaw chuck 100 first, this embodiment can greatly save the assembly time of the workpiece 200 on the lathe. This is because the workpiece 200 in this embodiment is pre-assembled in the positioning fixture 3, which can greatly save time, improve the effective processing time of the lathe, and lay the foundation for the mass production of the workpiece.
[0109] Example 2:
[0110] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs from Embodiment 1 in that the structure of the puller claw 6 and the shape of the hole in the clamping section 22 are different. Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown... Figure 6 As shown, the puller claw 6 is an overall ring-shaped component. At least two notches are provided at the end of the ring-shaped component away from the pull rod 5. The notches divide the side wall of one end of the ring-shaped component into at least two arc-shaped segments so that the ring-shaped component can undergo radial contraction under pressure. The outer wall of the ring-shaped component has a conical structure. An axial through hole of equal diameter is formed inside the ring-shaped component, and the wall thickness of the ring-shaped component gradually increases from the end connected to the pull rod 5 to the other end. The positioning disk 2 is provided with a conical hole that mates with the ring-shaped component. Specifically, the conical hole can be an axial through hole that penetrates the entire positioning disk 2 in the axial direction, or an axial through hole of equal diameter that penetrates the positioning disk 2 can be provided inside the positioning disk 2, and the section of the axial through hole that mates with the puller claw 6 is a conical hole.
[0111] In this embodiment, when the puller claw 6 moves axially, the thickness change of its conical surface compresses the annular part, thereby clamping and fixing the annular part to the connecting section 34 of the positioning fixture 3.
[0112] Example 3:
[0113] like Figures 7-11 As shown, this embodiment is based on embodiment 1. In order to improve the stability of the clamping and fixing connection section 34 of the puller claw 6, the structure of the positioning disk 2 has been further improved.
[0114] In this embodiment, a limiting member 64 is provided on the outer wall of the puller claw 6, and an inclined sliding groove 25 is provided in the clamping section 22 of the positioning disk 2, which is inclined relative to the axial direction of the positioning disk 2. The radial distance between the inclined sliding groove 25 and the puller claw 6 gradually decreases from one end near the adjusting protrusion 62 to the other side. Specifically, the two axial end faces of the inclined sliding groove 25 are parallel to the radial direction of the clamping section 22, and the angle between the two radial end faces of the inclined sliding groove 25 and the central axis of the clamping section 22 is less than 90°. The inclined sliding groove 25 communicates with the interior of the positioning disk 2 through an axial groove, specifically through the second groove on the wall of the positioning disk 2. An axial through groove is provided on the wall of the adjusting hole 242. The inclined sliding groove 25 is connected to the variable diameter hole 24 of the positioning plate 2 through the axial through groove. The axial through groove means that its length direction is the axial direction of the variable diameter hole 24. A sliding fixing block 7 is slidably arranged in the inclined sliding groove 25. The sliding fixing block 7 has the same shape as the inclined sliding groove 25, and the axial length of the sliding fixing block 7 is less than the axial length of the inclined sliding groove 25, so as to realize the movement of the sliding fixing block 7 in the inclined sliding groove 25. A radial guide groove 71 is provided in the sliding fixing block 7 for inserting the limiting member 64, so as to realize the movable connection between the limiting member 64 and the sliding fixing block 7.
[0115] In a preferred embodiment, in order to better accommodate the radial contraction of the broach 6 by the axial displacement of the limiting member 64, such as... Figure 13 As shown, one end of the limiting member 64 inserted into the radial guide groove 71 is an arc surface, and the radial guide groove 71 has an arc surface segment that matches the arc surface. That is, even if the limiting member 64 is slightly offset, the arc surface structure can also be used to achieve that when the broach claw is in the clamping state, the end of the limiting member 64 and the bottom of the radial guide groove 71 have a contact surface.
[0116] In another preferred embodiment, to better accommodate the radial contraction of the broach 6 as the axial displacement of the limiting member 64 adapts to the radial contraction of the broach 6, the limiting member 64 and the outer wall of the broach 6 are elastically or dynamically connected. That is, the limiting member 64 achieves angular displacement as the broach 6 contracts by employing a non-rigid connection with the broach 6. Specifically, as shown... Figure 14As shown, when the limiting member 64 and the outer wall of the puller claw 6 are elastically connected, the limiting member 64 includes a first elastic member 641 and a limiting block 642. One end of the first elastic member 641 is connected to the outer wall of the puller claw 6, and the other end is connected to the limiting block 642. The limiting block 642 is inserted into the radial guide groove 71. The movable connection can specifically be a hinge, a shaft connection, etc.
[0117] Example 4:
[0118] This embodiment is based on embodiment 3. In this embodiment, a telescopic clamping member 8 is provided inside the positioning disk 2. The telescopic clamping member 8 is used to determine whether to apply pressure to the sliding fixed block 7. Specifically, a radial sliding groove 26 is provided inside the positioning disk 2, and the telescopic clamping member 8 is installed in the radial sliding groove 26. In this embodiment, preferably, the telescopic clamping member 8 and the limiting member 64 are arranged opposite each other in the radial direction. When the puller claw 6 is not in the clamping state, the telescopic clamping member 8 retracts into the radial sliding groove 26 and does not apply force to the sliding fixed block 7. When the puller claw 6 is in the clamping state, the telescopic clamping member 8 extends out of the radial sliding groove 26 and applies force to the sliding fixed block 7 to improve the stability of the sliding fixed block 7.
[0119] The telescopic clamping member 8 can be any existing technology capable of telescopic movement, including but not limited to electric telescopic rods, hydraulic telescopic rods, or elastic telescopic rods. In a specific case, when the telescopic clamping member 8 is an elastic telescopic rod, the sliding fixing block 7 is provided with a groove 72 that mates with the telescopic clamping member 8. When the puller claw 6 clamps the connecting section 34, after the sliding fixing block 7 moves to the designated position with the puller claw 6, the end of the telescopic clamping member 8 engages with the groove 72, thereby fixing the sliding fixing block 7. The limiting member 64 uses the sliding fixing block 7 to achieve radial limiting, thus achieving the compression of the puller claw 6 by the limiting member 64. In a specific case, the positioning disk 2 is provided with a radial sliding groove 26, and the telescopic clamping member 8 includes a second elastic member 81 and a locking block 82; the second elastic member 81 is disposed in the radial sliding groove 26, and the locking block 82 abuts against the second elastic member 81. The locking block 82 can be inserted into or removed from the locking groove 72 by sliding the sliding fixing block 7. More specifically, the locking groove 72 can be a semi-circular groove or an arc groove, and the locking block 82 is a sphere or a hemisphere; the second elastic member 81 can be a spring.
[0120] Preferably, when the puller claw 6 is not clamping the connecting section 34, the limiting member 64 is not inserted into the bottom of the radial guide groove 71; when the puller claw 6 clamps the connecting section 34, the limiting member 64 is inserted into the bottom of the radial guide groove 71.
[0121] In this embodiment, a movable sliding fixing block 7 is set inside the positioning disk 2. When the puller claw 6 retracts to the designated position to clamp the connecting section 34, the sliding fixing block 7 and the adjusting protrusion 62 simultaneously apply radial extrusion force to the clamping protrusion 61. Compared with relying solely on the adjusting protrusion 62 to contact and squeeze the clamping protrusion 61 with the inner wall of the positioning disk 2, the clamping effect of the puller claw 6 on the connecting section 34 can be improved.
[0122] Example 5:
[0123] like Figure 12 As shown, this embodiment is based on embodiments 1-4. The CNC lathe spindle clamping system also includes a positioning detection unit, which is used to detect whether the clamping mechanism clamps the connecting section 34.
[0124] The positioning disk 2 is provided with an air passage 23, which runs through the positioning disk 2 axially. When the positioning section 33 is coaxially inserted into the tapered hole, the sealing section 32 blocks one end of the air passage 23, and the other end of the air passage 23 is connected to the inside of the main shaft 1. The sealing section 32 and the positioning disk 2 can be checked by breathing air into the main shaft 1.
[0125] The positioning detection unit includes an airtightness detection sensor, a first proximity switch, and a controller. The airtightness detection sensor is installed on the end face of the positioning disk 2 to detect the outer side of the sealing section 32. The airtightness detection sensor can be any existing sensor capable of detecting airflow. It is used to detect whether there is air leakage between the contact surface of the sealing section 32 and the positioning disk 2, and transmits the detected airflow signal to the controller. The first proximity switch is used to detect the position of the marker on the telescopic member 4. When the marker reaches the position of the first proximity switch, the main shaft 1 is in a clamped state with a tool; the puller 6 clamps the connecting section 34, the first proximity switch signal is turned on, and feedback is sent to the controller. The controller determines whether the clamping mechanism clamps the connecting section 34 based on the signals from the airtightness detection sensor and the first proximity switch. In a specific case, the telescopic member 4 is a rotary hydraulic cylinder, the first proximity switch is installed on the connecting member 41, and the marker is the piston of the rotary hydraulic cylinder. When the signal of the first proximity switch is turned on, it means that the positioning fixture 3 is installed in the positioning disk 2 and clamped and fixed by the puller 6, the main shaft 1 is clamped, and the piston of the rotary hydraulic cylinder is in the clamped position.
[0126] In a preferred embodiment, the positioning detection unit also includes a strain gauge, which is disposed on the outside of the puller claw 6, specifically on the outside of the clamping protrusion 61, to detect the pressure of the puller claw 6 and transmit the pressure signal to the controller, which then determines the specific position of the puller claw 6 clamping the connecting section 34.
[0127] The positioning detection unit in this embodiment uses both an airtightness detection sensor and a first proximity switch for dual detection to determine whether the clamping mechanism has clamped the connecting section, thus avoiding accidents caused by the positioning fixture 3 not being clamped properly during machining due to a malfunction. Furthermore, the dual detection method offers high accuracy, and the airtightness detection sensor in this embodiment uses the presence or absence of a seal to determine whether the positioning fixture 3 is properly inserted, avoiding errors caused by relying solely on the first proximity switch to determine whether the connecting section is clamped.
[0128] Example 6:
[0129] like Figure 12 As shown, this embodiment is based on any one of Embodiments 1-5. The CNC lathe spindle clamping system further includes a spindle clamping and loosening detection unit, which includes a first proximity switch, a second proximity switch, and a controller.
[0130] Both the first and second proximity switches are electrically connected to the controller. The controller determines whether the spindle 1 is in a relaxed or clamped state based on the on or off state of the signals from the first and second proximity switches.
[0131] Both the first and second proximity switches are mounted on the connector 41 and are used to detect the piston of the rotary hydraulic cylinder. When the piston of the rotary hydraulic cylinder reaches the position of the second proximity switch, the spindle 1 is in a relaxed state, and the cutter pawl 6 is not connected to the connecting section 34. At this time, the signal of the second proximity switch is turned on, and the signal of the first proximity switch is turned off. When the piston of the rotary hydraulic cylinder reaches the position of the first proximity switch, the spindle 1 is in a state with the cutter and clamped, the cutter pawl 6 clamps the connecting section 34, the signal of the first proximity switch is turned on, and the signal of the second proximity switch is turned off.
[0132] When the spindle 1 is clamped, the piston position of the rotary hydraulic cylinder exceeds the sensing position of the first proximity switch, and the signals of the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch are both disconnected, so the system judges that it is in a toolless state.
[0133] Example 7:
[0134] like Figure 12 As shown, this embodiment is based on any one of Embodiments 1-6. The CNC lathe spindle clamping system further includes a clamping unit. The clamping unit is used to insert the positioning fixture 3 into the positioning disk 2. The clamping unit is electrically connected to the controller. After the clamping unit completes the insertion of the positioning fixture 3 into the positioning disk 2, it sends a loading signal to the controller. Based on the received loading signal, the controller controls the telescopic component 4 to retract, so that the broaching jaw 6 clamps the connecting section 34. When the controller determines that the spindle 1 is in a tool-equipped and clamped state, the controller sends a start command to the drive mechanism to make the spindle 1 rotate and process the workpiece. The clamping unit can specifically be a robotic arm.
[0135] Example 8:
[0136] The CNC lathe spindle clamping system also includes a cleaning mechanism; the cleaning mechanism includes an airflow channel and an airflow supply unit;
[0137] The airflow channel axially passes through the telescopic component 4 and the pull rod 5. One end of the airflow channel is connected to the airflow supply unit, and the other end corresponds to the conical hole of the positioning disk 2. Airflow is blown into the conical hole of the positioning disk 2 through the airflow channel to clean the conical hole of the positioning disk 2, so as to avoid the positioning accuracy of the positioning disk 2 on the positioning fixture 3 due to impurities in the conical hole.
[0138] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0139] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and to facilitate understanding. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the disclosed technical content. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.
Claims
1. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system, characterized in that, include: The spindle (1) is connected to the drive mechanism of the CNC lathe; The positioning disk (2) has a conical hole inside. The positioning disk (2) is installed at the end of the main shaft (1) away from the drive mechanism. The conical hole is coaxial with the main shaft (1) and the conical hole connects the internal and external spaces of the main shaft (1). The positioning fixture (3) has a clamping section (31) for fixing the workpiece at one end and a positioning section (33) at the other end. The outer wall of the positioning section (33) is a conical surface (331) that mates with the conical hole. When the positioning fixture (3) is inserted into the positioning disk (2), the conical surface (331) is coaxial with the conical hole. A connecting section (34) is provided at the end of the positioning section (33) away from the clamping section (31). The clamping mechanism is located inside the main shaft (1) and includes a pull rod (5) and a puller claw (6). One end of the pull rod (5) is connected to the telescopic member (4), and the other end is connected to the puller claw (6). The pull rod (5) is coaxial with the main shaft (1). The axial displacement of the pull rod (5) enables the puller claw (6) to clamp or release the connecting section (34). The puller claw (6) is annular in shape. At least two notches are provided on the wall of the end of the annular claw away from the pull rod (5), so that one end of the puller claw (6) forms at least two arc-shaped segments. The ends of the arc-shaped segments extend outward to form an adjusting protrusion (62). A limiting element (64) is provided on the outer wall of the puller claw (6). An inclined sliding groove (25) is provided in the positioning disk (2) at an angle relative to the axial direction of the positioning disk (2). The inclined sliding groove (25) communicates with the interior of the positioning disk (2). A sliding fixing block (7) is slidably provided in the inclined sliding groove (25). A radial guide groove (71) for inserting the limiting element (64) is provided in the sliding fixing block (7). A variable diameter hole (24) is provided in the positioning disk (2) to cooperate with the puller claw (6). The inner wall of the puller claw (6) protrudes radially inward to form a clamping protrusion (61), and the puller claw (6) retracts and recovers by utilizing the change in the inner diameter of the variable diameter hole (24); when the puller claw (6) is in a clamping state, the clamping protrusion (61) clamps the connecting section (34).
2. The CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable diameter hole (24) includes a first adjustment hole (241) and a second adjustment hole (242). The diameter of the first adjustment hole (241) is larger than the diameter of the second adjustment hole (242). When the adjustment protrusion (62) moves into the second adjustment hole (242), the puller claw (6) clamps the connecting section (34). When the adjustment protrusion (62) moves into the first adjustment hole (241), the puller claw (6) disconnects from the connecting section (34).
3. The CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the clamping protrusion (61) away from the adjusting protrusion (62) transitions with the inner wall of the puller claw (6) via a bevel (63), and the bevel (63) cooperates with the pull stud (35) at the end of the connecting section (34).
4. The CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the limiting member (64) inserted into the radial guide groove (71) is an arc surface, and the radial guide groove (71) has an arc surface segment that matches the arc surface.
5. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting member (64) and the outer wall of the puller claw (6) are elastically connected or movablely connected.
6. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning disk (2) is provided with a telescopic clamping member (8). When the puller claw (6) is in a clamping state, the telescopic clamping member (8) generates a radial clamping force on the sliding fixing block (7).
7. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sliding fixing block (7) is provided with a slot (72) that cooperates with the telescopic clamping member (8).
8. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The telescopic clamping member (8) and the limiting member (64) are arranged opposite each other in the radial direction.
9. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The telescopic clamping component (8) includes an electric telescopic rod, a hydraulic telescopic rod, or an elastic telescopic rod.
10. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the puller claw (6) does not clamp the connecting section (34), the limiting member (64) is not inserted into the bottom of the radial guide groove (71). When the puller claw (6) clamps the connecting section (34), the limiting member (64) is inserted into the bottom of the radial guide groove (71).
11. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning fixture (3) includes a sealing section (32), which is connected to the large end of the positioning section (33), and the diameter of the sealing section (32) is greater than the maximum diameter of the conical hole. When the positioning section (33) is coaxially inserted into the conical hole, the sealing section (32) abuts against the positioning disk (2).
12. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The positioning disk (2) is provided with an air passage (23), which passes through the positioning disk (2) axially. When the positioning section (33) is coaxially inserted into the conical hole, the sealing section (32) blocks one end of the air passage (23).
13. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The CNC lathe spindle clamping system also includes a positioning detection unit, which is used to detect whether the clamping mechanism clamps the connecting section (34). The positioning detection unit includes an airtightness detection sensor, a first proximity switch, and a controller. The airtightness detection sensor is installed on the end face of the positioning disk (2) and is used to detect whether there is air leakage between the sealing section (32) and the contact surface of the positioning disk (2). The first proximity switch is used to detect the position of the upper marker on the telescopic member (4). The controller determines whether the clamping mechanism clamps the connecting section (34) based on the signals from the airtightness detection sensor and the first proximity switch.
14. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The positioning detection unit also includes a strain gauge, which is disposed on the outside of the puller claw (6) to detect the pressure of the puller claw (6) and transmit the pressure signal to the controller, which determines the specific position where the puller claw (6) clamps the connecting section (34).
15. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The CNC lathe spindle clamping system also includes a spindle clamping and loosening detection unit, which includes a first proximity switch, a second proximity switch, and a controller. Both the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch are electrically connected to the controller. The controller determines whether the spindle (1) is in a relaxed state or a clamped state based on the signal on or off state of the first proximity switch and the second proximity switch.
16. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The CNC lathe spindle clamping system also includes a clamping unit; the clamping unit is used to insert the positioning fixture (3) into the positioning disk (2).
17. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The CNC lathe spindle clamping system also includes a cleaning mechanism; the cleaning mechanism includes an airflow channel and an airflow supply unit. The airflow channel axially passes through the telescopic member (4) and the pull rod (5). One end of the airflow channel is connected to the airflow supply unit, and the other end corresponds to the conical hole of the positioning plate (2).
18. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The positioning plate (2) includes a fixed section (21) and a clamping section (22); the fixed section (21) is connected to the end of the spindle (1), and the clamping section (22) is disposed in the spindle (1); the tapered hole is disposed in the fixed section (21), and the puller claw (6) clamps the connecting section (34) in the clamping section (22).
19. A CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that, The telescopic component (4) is a rotary hydraulic cylinder.
20. A clamping method for a CNC lathe spindle clamping system as described in any one of claims 1-19, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, fix the workpiece to be processed in the clamping section (31) of the positioning fixture (3). S2, insert the positioning section (33) of the positioning fixture (3) with the workpiece to be processed fixed into the conical hole of the positioning disk (2); S3, operate the telescopic component (4) to move the pull rod (5), drive the pull claw (6) to move, and realize the clamping mechanism to fix the positioning fixture (3).
21. The clamping method of a CNC lathe spindle clamping system according to claim 20, characterized in that, In step S1, the connecting end of the workpiece is inserted into the clamping section (31), and then the workpiece is coaxially fixed in the clamping section (31) by bolts or hydraulic clamping.