Selenium-rich special fertilizer tablet as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant fertilizers, and discloses a selenium-rich special fertilizer tablet as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the selenium-rich special fertilizer tablet comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-100 parts of sodium selenite, 200-300 parts of a water-retaining agent, 5-15 parts of filler and 1000-2000 parts of calcium hydroxide. The selenium-rich special fertilizer tablet further comprises 500-15000 parts of a nitrogen source. The preparation method of the selenium-rich special fertilizer tablet comprises the following steps: S1, weighing all the components except the sodium selenite according to the dosage, crushing the components, sieving, mixing, and spreading in a container; s2, dissolving a corresponding amount of sodium selenite with a proper amount of water, uniformly spraying the sodium selenite solution into the material in the step S1, and uniformly mixing again; s3, the mixture prepared in the previous step is subjected to extrusion forming, and the selenium-rich special fertilizer tablet is obtained. The selenium-rich special fertilizer tablet integrates selenium enrichment, nutrition supply, water retention and stress resistance, not only improves the selenium absorption effect of vegetables, but also can improve the yield of the vegetables, and is convenient to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant fertilizer technology, and in particular to a selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablet, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body. It participates in the synthesis of various selenium-containing enzymes and proteins. Selenium can enhance immunity, promote lymphocyte proliferation, and the synthesis of antibodies and immunoglobulins. Selenium has significant inhibitory and protective effects against various cancers, including colon cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer. Its intermediate metabolite, methylenol, has strong anti-cancer activity. Selenium has a synergistic antioxidant effect with nutrients such as vitamin E, allicin, linoleic acid, germanium, and zinc, increasing antioxidant activity. Simultaneously, selenium can reduce and alleviate the toxicity of heavy metals. Selenium deficiency in the human body can cause various diseases, the most typical being Keshan disease, an endemic disease of Keshan County, Heilongjiang Province, my country. Other diseases directly related to selenium deficiency include Kashin-Beck disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, cystic fibrosis, hypertension, goiter, immunodeficiency, lymphoblastic anemia, macular degeneration, muscular dystrophy, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, and aging. The human body mainly obtains selenium from its daily diet; therefore, the selenium content in food directly affects people's daily selenium intake.

[0003] Therefore, with the improvement of living standards and increased awareness of the importance of selenium, the demand for selenium-enriched foods and vegetables is gradually increasing. Selenium-enriched vegetables refer to vegetables with high organic selenium content produced by applying exogenous selenium fertilizer during the natural growth process, followed by biotransformation to convert the exogenous inorganic selenium into organic selenium. In recent years, the demand for selenium-enriched vegetables has increased.

[0004] However, existing selenium-enriched fertilizer products are mainly liquid or powder formulations such as selenium-enriched plant nutrient solutions and selenium-enriched mineral powders. These products suffer from problems such as difficulty in accurately controlling dosage, difficulty in mixing evenly, and easy waste of fertilizer and environmental pollution. They also increase the complexity of agricultural operations and the barriers to use for farmers. Selenium-enriched plant nutrient solutions are applied by foliar spraying, but this requires application in sunny, windless weather. If rain occurs within a few hours after spraying, re-spraying is necessary, placing high demands on weather conditions. Furthermore, the concentration of selenium in the solution is also critical, generally requiring a concentration below 80 mg / L; even slightly exceeding this can burn plant leaves. Additionally, selenium-containing solutions are generally highly toxic, requiring precautions for manual spraying, as inhalation of the mist can cause poisoning. If drip irrigation is used, firstly, the selenium in the soil is easily fixed, reducing its activity; secondly, for sparsely planted crops such as Chinese cabbage, insufficient concentration of application can lead to decreased absorption and utilization by plant roots. However, selenium-enriched mineral powder has a low selenium content, requires a large amount of material, and the selenium applied to the soil is easily fixed by the soil, resulting in low utilization and high cost. Therefore, it is rarely used in selenium-enriched production.

[0005] It is evident that existing selenium-enriched fertilizer products, whether applied as foliar sprays, drip irrigation, or soil basal application, are prone to problems such as difficulty in accurately controlling dosage, cumbersome operation procedures, low utilization rate, poor absorption effect, and health risks to human beings. Furthermore, it is difficult to effectively control the selenium content in vegetable products.

[0006] Therefore, existing technologies need further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above problems, this invention provides a convenient and highly efficient selenium-enriched fertilizer tablet, its preparation method, and its application.

[0008] To address the above problems, this application provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a selenium-enriched fertilizer tablet, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-100 parts sodium selenite, 200-300 parts water-retaining agent, 5-15 parts filler, and 1000-2000 parts calcium hydroxide.

[0009] In the above formula, calcium hydroxide has two functions. On the one hand, it can supplement the calcium source for plants. On the other hand, and more importantly, it provides an alkaline environment for the soil solution, reducing the fixation of selenium in the soil and promoting the absorption of selenium released by the plant roots from the special fertilizer. This conclusion was reached through numerous experiments.

[0010] In addition, the water-retaining agent in the above formula fully absorbs the moisture in the soil, so that the selenite in the tablets exists in ionic form, which is convenient for plant roots to absorb.

[0011] Optionally, the selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets may further include: 500 to 15,000 parts of nitrogen source.

[0012] Optionally, in the selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets, the nitrogen source is urea.

[0013] Experiments have shown that the urea can not only provide plants with a slow-release nitrogen source, but also, when combined with other components, can promote the absorption of selenium by plants.

[0014] Therefore, compared to traditional selenium-enriched fertilizers currently on the market, the aforementioned selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets, although simple in formula, have components that work synergistically to supplement various nutrients for plant growth while significantly improving the plant's utilization rate of selenium. Thus, while promoting increased vegetable yield, they also increase the selenium content in vegetables. Furthermore, because this tablet fertilizer has fewer components, a simpler formula, and requires less dosage, it can greatly reduce the cost of using selenium-enriched fertilizers, making it competitive in the market.

[0015] Optionally, in the selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets, the water-retaining agent is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, and melamine-based synthetic resins.

[0016] Optionally, in the selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets, the filler is carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, chitosan, bentonite, or diatomaceous earth.

[0017] Optionally, the selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets may further include 100-300 parts of borax.

[0018] Optionally, the amount of borax is 200 parts.

[0019] Optionally, the selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts sodium selenite, 240 parts water-retaining agent, 10 parts filler, 1500 parts calcium hydroxide, and 1000 parts urea.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets, which includes the following steps: S1. Weigh out all ingredients except sodium selenite according to the required amount, and then crush, sieve, mix, and spread them in a container. S2. Dissolve the corresponding amount of sodium selenite in an appropriate amount of water, and then spray the sodium selenite solution evenly into the material from step S1, and mix it evenly again. S3. The mixture prepared in the previous step is extruded into selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets, with each tablet weighing approximately 1g. The tablets are extruded using existing specialized equipment.

[0021] Thirdly, this application also provides the application of the above-mentioned selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablets in the cultivation of selenium-enriched vegetables.

[0022] Optionally, the application method of the selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablet is as follows: apply it in holes when sowing or transplanting vegetables, applying one selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablet to each plant.

[0023] The vegetables mentioned include: Chinese cabbage, sweet potato, taro, and ginger, etc.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablets of this application are convenient to use. By using "one tablet per hole", precise quantitative fertilization can be achieved, which not only simplifies agricultural operations and lowers the threshold for use, but also prevents the fertilizer from drifting when applied in holes, eliminating the risk of leaf burn, and slow-release to avoid salt damage. It also avoids the waste and environmental pollution caused by traditional broadcasting from the source.

[0025] 2. The selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets, through optimized fertilizer composition and ratio, combined with tableting technology, not only improve the absorption of selenium by vegetables but also achieve controlled-release of selenium. This enhances selenium utilization and prevents its fixation and loss in the soil.

[0026] 3. The selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablets have multiple functions, including selenium enrichment, nutrient supply, water retention and stress resistance. They are designed for the root soil environment, provide slow-release nutrients, have high utilization rate, contain nitrogen, boron and water-retaining agents, and are drought-resistant and stress-resistant. They solve the problem that general fertilizers cannot accurately match the characteristics of Chinese cabbage varieties and local soil conditions, which can easily lead to nutrient supply imbalance.

[0027] 4. The use of the above-mentioned selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets can significantly increase the yield of vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and increase the selenium content in vegetables to meet the selenium content standard stipulated in "GH / T 1135-2024 Selenium-Enriched Agricultural Products". At the same time, it can also significantly reduce the incidence of major diseases of Chinese cabbage such as mosaic virus, clubroot, and tipburn. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the prepared selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the equipment and raw materials used can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods in the art.

[0030] Example 1: Preparation of Selenium-Enriched Fertilizer Tablets This embodiment provides a selenium-enriched fertilizer tablet and its preparation method.

[0031] 1. A selenium-enriched fertilizer tablet, comprising the following ingredients: Sodium selenite 50g, polyacrylamide 240g, carboxymethyl cellulose 10g, calcium hydroxide 1500g, urea 1000g, and borax 200g.

[0032] 2. The preparation method of the selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablets includes the following steps: S1. Weigh out 240g of polyacrylamide, 10g of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1500g of calcium hydroxide, 1000g of urea and 200g of borax respectively. After crushing these ingredients and passing them through a 60-mesh sieve, mix them and spread them into a disc-shaped container with a sufficiently large area. S2. Dissolve 50g of sodium selenite in an appropriate amount of water, then spray the sodium selenite solution evenly into the mixture from step S1, and mix it evenly again. S3. Then, the mixture is extruded into tablets using a medical single-punch tablet forming machine. Each tablet weighs about 1g, resulting in selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets.

[0033] In practical applications, the weight of each tablet or the number of tablets used can be adjusted according to the type of plant applied and the dosage.

[0034] Example 2: Application of selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablets in Chinese cabbage cultivation 1. Experimental Method: Experimental and control groups were set up, with a planting density of 3300 Chinese cabbages per mu in each group. After planting, appropriate watering was provided to ensure normal emergence or survival. The same water and fertilizer management measures were adopted throughout the growth period.

[0035] In the experimental group, the selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablets were applied to the planting holes of Chinese cabbage seedlings, one tablet per seedling, for the entire season.

[0036] After harvesting, the yield and selenium content of Chinese cabbage in the experimental and control groups were measured, and the incidence of clubroot disease and heartburn in Chinese cabbage were also measured.

[0037] 2. Experimental Results The use of the aforementioned selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets can significantly increase the yield of Chinese cabbage and improve its selenium content, bringing it up to meet the selenium content standards stipulated in GH / T 1135-2024 Selenium-Enriched Agricultural Products. Simultaneously, it can significantly reduce the incidence of diseases such as mosaic virus, clubroot, and tipburn in Chinese cabbage.

[0038] It is understood that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or modifications to the technical solutions and concepts of this invention, and all such substitutions or modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A selenium-enriched fertilizer tablet, characterized in that, Includes the following components in parts by weight: Sodium selenite 20-100 parts, water-retaining agent 200-300 parts, filler 5-15 parts, calcium hydroxide 1000-2000 parts.

2. The selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Nitrogen source: 500-15000 parts.

3. The selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets according to claim 2, characterized in that, The nitrogen source is urea.

4. The selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-retaining agent is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, and melamine-based synthetic resins.

5. The selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filler is carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, chitosan, bentonite, or diatomaceous earth.

6. The selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Borax 100-300 parts.

7. The selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets according to claim 1, characterized in that, The product comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts sodium selenite, 240 parts water-retaining agent, 10 parts filler, 1500 parts calcium hydroxide, and 1000 parts urea.

8. A method for preparing selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Weigh out all ingredients except sodium selenite according to the dosage, and then crush, sieve, mix and spread them in a container. S2. Dissolve the corresponding amount of sodium selenite in an appropriate amount of water, and then spray the sodium selenite solution evenly into the material from step S1, and mix it evenly again. S3. Extrude the mixture prepared in the previous step into selenium-enriched fertilizer tablets, controlling each tablet to be about 1g.

9. The application of the selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablets as described in claim 1 in the cultivation of selenium-enriched vegetables.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The application method is as follows: apply the fertilizer in holes when sowing or transplanting vegetables, using one selenium-enriched special fertilizer tablet per plant.

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