Compound fertilizer for improving yield of jasmine flowers as well as preparation method and application of compound fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound fertilizer for increasing the yield of jasmine flowers as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The compound fertilizer comprises a fly ash composted material and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, the mass percentage of the coal ash composted material is greater than or equal to 60%, the mass percentage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is greater than or equal to 20%, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer comprises N, P2O5 and K2O; the compound fertilizer is helpful for improving nutrient effectiveness and supply stability and promoting robust growth and bud formation of jasmine, so that stable yield and yield increase are realized, and quality improvement is taken into account. The compound fertilizer provided by the invention also has comprehensive benefits of reducing cost and the like, and has good reproducibility and popularization and application values.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a compound fertilizer for increasing jasmine yield, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Jasmine, as an important economic crop and aromatic raw material crop, directly affects the utilization value of raw materials and planting income through the quantity and quality of its flowers. In jasmine production practice, fertilization management is usually based on macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Different regions and cultivation conditions often employ empirical fertilization or refer to generally recommended fertilization amounts. However, this can lead to an unreasonable fertilization structure or deviations from the appropriate fertilization range. Because jasmine is highly sensitive to nutrient supply, an unreasonable fertilization structure or deviations from the appropriate fertilization range can easily lead to an imbalance between vegetative and reproductive growth, thereby affecting yield formation and quality stability.

[0003] Therefore, existing technologies still need improvement and development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a compound fertilizer for increasing jasmine yield, its preparation method and application, aiming to solve the problem of unreasonable fertilization structure in existing jasmine fertilizers.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The first aspect of the present invention provides a compound fertilizer for increasing jasmine yield, the compound fertilizer comprising fly ash compost and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; the fly ash compost has a mass percentage of ≥60%, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer has a mass percentage of ≥20%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer comprises N, P2O5 and K2O.

[0006] Optionally, the fly ash compost is prepared by the following method: mixing fly ash, sheep manure and straw, adding water, aerobic fermentation, turning and mixing, and disinfection to obtain fly ash compost.

[0007] Optionally, the volume ratio of fly ash, sheep manure and straw is (3-0.25):(1-0.25):(1-0.25).

[0008] Preferably, the volume ratio of fly ash, sheep manure and straw is 3:1:1.

[0009] Optionally, the step of mixing fly ash, sheep manure and straw and then adding water specifically includes: mixing fly ash, sheep manure and straw to obtain a mixture, adding water to the mixture and mixing to make the water content of the mixture 50%-65%.

[0010] Optionally, the mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is (12-16):(15-20):(12-16).

[0011] Optionally, the aerobic fermentation time is 30-45 days, and / or the turning and mixing is performed 2-3 times.

[0012] A second aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer in increasing jasmine yield.

[0013] A third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer in improving the quality of jasmine flowers.

[0014] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a cultivation method for increasing jasmine yield, specifically comprising: Fertilization before transplanting: Mix the above-mentioned compound fertilizer with the soil before transplanting; Topdressing during the vegetative growth period: Water-soluble fertilizer for the vegetative growth period is applied by root irrigation. The water-soluble fertilizer for the vegetative growth period includes fly ash extract and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced liquid fertilizer. Topdressing during flower bud differentiation period: Apply water-soluble fertilizer for flower bud differentiation period by foliar spraying. The water-soluble fertilizer for flower bud differentiation period includes fly ash extract and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Topdressing during flowering period: Apply water-soluble fertilizer during flowering period by foliar spraying. The water-soluble fertilizer during flowering period includes fly ash extract and trace element fertilizer.

[0015] Optionally, the fly ash extract is prepared by soaking fly ash and water for 12-30 hours and then filtering to obtain the fly ash extract.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of fly ash to water is 1:(8-12).

[0017] Beneficial effects: This invention provides a compound fertilizer for increasing jasmine yield, its preparation method, and its application. Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: 1. The compound fertilizer provided by this invention combines fly ash compost with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, so that the fertilizer provides macronutrients while supplementing micronutrients such as silicon, iron, manganese, and titanium, and introduces humic components such as humic acid. The compound fertilizer helps to improve nutrient availability and supply stability, promotes the healthy growth of jasmine flowers and the formation of flower buds, thereby achieving stable and increased yields while also improving quality.

[0018] 2. This invention mixes fly ash, sheep manure, and straw in a preset ratio, and obtains fly ash compost after aerobic fermentation. By adjusting the volume ratio of fly ash, sheep manure, and straw, the proportion of fly ash, sheep manure, and straw can be adjusted, which can optimize the C / N ratio and aeration porosity of the compost pile, promote aerobic fermentation and organic matter decomposition. Fly ash has an adsorption and slow-release effect, inhibits ammonia volatilization, improves nitrogen retention, and supplements various minerals and trace elements, reduces the bioavailability of some heavy metals, and improves compostability and safety. The resulting compost is loose and stable, which is beneficial for soil improvement, water retention, and fertilizer retention.

[0019] 3. This invention uses compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, combined with topdressing, to match fertilizer nutrient supply with the shallow root absorption characteristics of jasmine and field moisture fluctuations, thereby improving nutrient utilization and reducing the risk of nutrient loss. This cultivation method can enhance the synergistic improvement of soil fertility and structure, reducing problems such as soil acidification and structural degradation in jasmine cultivation, thus achieving a comprehensive effect of stable and increased yield while also improving quality.

[0020] 4. The compound fertilizer and cultivation method provided by this invention can significantly improve the yield and quality of jasmine flowers. Specifically, jasmine flower yield is increased by 13%, while also offering comprehensive benefits such as cost reduction and improved aroma quality, demonstrating good replicability and application value. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention provides a compound fertilizer for increasing jasmine yield, its preparation method, and its application. To make the purpose, technical solution, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention is further described in detail below.

[0022] This study addresses common problems in jasmine production, such as unreasonable fertilization structure, excessive nitrogen fertilizer leading to fluctuations in yield and quality, nutrient loss and non-point source pollution caused by rainfall erosion, and soil acidification and structural degradation caused by long-term fertilization.

[0023] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide a compound fertilizer for increasing jasmine yield, the compound fertilizer comprising fly ash compost and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; the mass percentage of fly ash compost is ≥60%, the mass percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is ≥20%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer comprises N, P2O5 and K2O.

[0024] This invention, based on the macronutrient requirements of jasmine, combines composted fly ash with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) fertilizers to produce a compound fertilizer. The composted fly ash is rich in silicon and also contains trace elements such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and titanium (Ti); it also contains a high proportion of humic acid and beneficial microorganisms (such as Bacillus subtilis) that can function in the rhizosphere. This invention introduces functional nutrients other than nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium into the compound fertilizer using composted fly ash to meet the growth and yield needs of jasmine and also helps improve the quality of jasmine flowers.

[0025] Fly ash, also known as bituminous coal ash, is a fine ash collected from the flue gas after coal combustion. Fly ash is a major solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants. The main oxide components of fly ash from my country's thermal power plants are: SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, Fe2O3, CaO, TiO2, MnO, etc.

[0026] Silicon in fly ash compost can enhance jasmine growth through two pathways: structural strengthening and defense regulation. Firstly, silicon deposition in plant tissues and its regulation of water status and photosynthetic systems help maintain stable leaf function and vegetative growth, thus providing a foundation for flower branch formation and flower quantity. Secondly, silicon can enhance tissue resistance to penetration and pre-stimulate defense-related responses such as jasmonic acid, improving plant tolerance to diseases, pests, and abiotic stresses. This helps increase the marketable rate of flower buds and reduce the risk of fluctuations under extreme weather conditions. In some cases, silicon supplementation can also be accompanied by enhanced antioxidant systems and is associated with improved flower yield, flower quality, and postharvest lifespan. Fe is related to chlorophyll formation and leaf assimilation capacity. In micronutrient experiments on jasmine, Fe supplementation (often in combination with Zn) was used to alleviate yellowing and improve leaf assimilation capacity, thus correlated with increased flower bud number and yield. Simultaneously, Fe homeostasis is associated with plant immune responses; changes in iron nutrient status may affect plant susceptibility or resistance to pathogens. Mn is an essential cofactor for the photosystem II water-splitting complex, directly related to photosynthetic efficiency and carbon assimilation capacity. Furthermore, Mn participates in phenol and lignin synthesis and can activate various defense-related enzymes, therefore it is often considered one of the micronutrients related to disease resistance. Ti can improve chlorophyll levels, physiological enzyme activity, nutrient absorption, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant levels, thereby improving yield. Under environmental conditions such as high temperature and humidity, and fluctuating heavy rainfall, Ti can stabilize flower bud yield and prevent excessive flower bud drop in jasmine under adverse conditions.

[0027] Fly ash compost contains a high proportion of humic acid, which can form complexes with metal ions such as Fe, promoting the absorption and utilization of iron ions in the soil by plants, thereby improving the availability and stability of micronutrient supply to a certain extent. Beneficial microorganisms (such as Bacillus subtilis) can be used to inhibit soil-borne pathogens, improve the rhizosphere microecology, and indirectly improve nutrient utilization efficiency by promoting nutrient transformation and absorption; they can also have a synergistic effect with micronutrients, promoting stronger growth of jasmine shoots, reducing disease incidence, and improving the uniformity of flower bud development.

[0028] Furthermore, the organic matter (humic acid) enriched during the decomposition process has a strong water absorption and retention capacity, and can adsorb or complex with some nutrients, thus transforming them from a easily lost free state into a state easily absorbed by jasmine, achieving the effects of water retention and slow nutrient release. Fly ash decomposition can also increase soil pH, reduce exchangeable acidity, increase the exchange capacity of basic ions and cations, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of acidified and structurally degraded soils, create a more stable rhizosphere environment for jasmine's shallow root system, thereby improving fertilizer utilization and stress resistance.

[0029] In some embodiments, the fly ash compost is prepared by the following method: mixing fly ash, sheep manure, and straw, adding water, aerobic fermentation, turning and mixing, and sterilization to obtain fly ash compost. Preferably, the fly ash contains ≥60% silicon by mass.

[0030] In this embodiment, the fly ash used is fly ash produced from the combustion of lignite. In some preferred embodiments, the fly ash is collected from lignite-fired power plants. As shown in Table 1, fly ash contains extremely low levels of heavy metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic, and generally has a high silica content, with a silica-to-alumina ratio of 3.3-6.9 (3.5 for potassium feldspar), making it particularly suitable for preparing silicon fertilizers. Furthermore, it contains 1.5%-2.9% K₂O and 1.6%-5.8% CaO, which can provide some potassium and calcium fertilizer nutrients, as well as more trace elements. Therefore, fly ash is an excellent raw material for preparing silicon fertilizer soil conditioners. In other embodiments, other types of fly ash can also be used; preferably, the mass percentage of silicon in the fly ash is ≥60%.

[0031] Table 1. Major elemental composition of fly ash used in this invention (%)

[0032] In this embodiment, sheep manure contains 24-27% organic matter, 0.7-0.8% nitrogen, 0.45-0.6% phosphorus, and 0.4-0.5% potassium. Sheep manure contains more organic matter than other animal manures, has a finer texture, and is richer in nutrients. The heat generated by sheep manure is between that of horse and cow manure; it is also considered a warming fertilizer, and is effective when applied to sandy and clay soils. Therefore, using sheep manure allows for stable aerobic fermentation with less turning, promoting the humification of organic matter and forming a higher proportion of humic acid / humic acid. Furthermore, the humic components facilitate the uniform dispersion and stable retention of trace elements such as silicon, iron, manganese, and titanium contained in fly ash within the composting system, improving the uniformity and effectiveness of the resulting compost. For jasmine, a shallow-rooted crop, under fluctuating field moisture conditions, the aforementioned compost is more conducive to maintaining stable rhizosphere nutrient supply and improving soil structure, thereby enhancing stable yield and quality stability.

[0033] In this embodiment, the straw can be the straw of gramineous crops, such as corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, etc., which will not be listed here. On the one hand, the straw can adjust the C / N ratio in the compost and provide the organic substrate required for microbial decomposition, promoting the humification process and increasing the content of humic components such as humic acid / humic acid. On the other hand, the straw can be used to improve the porosity and aeration of the compost pile and absorb water to regulate humidity, so that the fermentation process remains aerobic and more uniform, thereby obtaining fly ash compost with a more uniform component distribution and more stable retention of trace elements.

[0034] In this embodiment, the method of first mixing fly ash, sheep manure, and straw, followed by aerobic composting, allows trace elements such as silicon, iron, manganese, and titanium in the fly ash to be stably retained and evenly dispersed in the compost, thus achieving a slow-release effect and minimizing the risk of local concentration fluctuations caused by rainwater runoff. However, directly applying animal manure and straw compost mixed with fly ash may result in nutrient loss due to exposed flower fields or rain exposure after fertilization, insufficient nutrient absorption by roots, and an increased risk of fertilizer entering drainage ditches and causing non-point source pollution.

[0035] In summary, in this embodiment, fly ash is the main source of various trace elements such as silicon, iron, manganese, and titanium; sheep manure and straw undergo composting and enrich humic components such as humic acid and humic acid during aerobic fermentation; turning and mixing the fly ash compost is beneficial for oxygen supply and uniform fermentation, which makes the humic substances more fully generated and promotes the uniform dispersion of fly ash mineral components in the humic system. As a result, the obtained fly ash compost can retain various trace elements contained in fly ash while having a high proportion of humic acid / humic acid.

[0036] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of fly ash, sheep manure, and straw can be 2:1:1.

[0037] In this embodiment, aerobic fermentation is carried out using a fly ash:sheep manure:straw ratio of 2:1:1. Sheep manure and straw work together to regulate the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost pile to a suitable range for composting. The straw provides a skeletal structure to improve the porosity and aeration of the compost pile, thereby promoting the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms and the decomposition of organic matter, and improving the composting efficiency. Fly ash, as a mineral conditioner, can adsorb, fix and slowly release ammonia / ammonium nitrogen, reduce NH3 volatilization and improve nitrogen retention. At the same time, it supplements Ca, Mg and various trace elements, improves the mineral nutrient composition of the compost and is beneficial to improving the fertility of acidic soils. Compared with the possibility of inhibited composting or fluctuations in physicochemical properties caused by excessively high fly ash addition, this ratio achieves a comprehensive balance of nitrogen retention, composting efficiency and mineral enhancement while ensuring the organic matrix content.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, the volume ratio of fly ash, sheep manure and straw is 3:1:1.

[0039] In this preferred embodiment, further research by the present invention has revealed that, considering the cultivation characteristics of jasmine—a perennial plant with a long flowering period, frequent re-flowering, shallow root system, and preference for loose, slightly acidic soil—a volume ratio of fly ash, sheep manure, and straw of 3:1:1 yields better results. Compared to the aforementioned 2:1:1 ratio, the 3:1:1 ratio, while maintaining a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio, aeration, and water retention conditions in the compost, and ensuring composting stability, appropriately increases the proportion of fly ash, resulting in more thorough mineral conditioning and nitrogen adsorption and slow release, making it more suitable for jasmine growth and better meeting jasmine's needs for continuous nutrient supply and a stable root environment. Specifically, under this ratio, sheep manure and straw maintain a suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio and aeration and water retention conditions, resulting in a well-rotted substrate with a high degree of humification and a loose and stable structure. This is beneficial for improving the rhizosphere environment of jasmine and providing continuous fertilization, alleviating soil compaction under continuous cropping conditions. Simultaneously, the mineral components provided by fly ash have an adsorption, fixation, and slow-release effect on ammonia / ammonium nitrogen, further improving nitrogen use efficiency, supplementing Ca, Mg, and various trace elements, and regulating rhizosphere acidity and ion balance. Therefore, it is more suitable for meeting the "continuous, stable, and slow-release" nutrient requirements of jasmine under high-frequency harvesting conditions. Compared to the risk of inhibited decomposition or increased salinity / alkalinity that may result from an excessively high fly ash ratio, this optimized ratio ensures decomposition stability while also enhancing mineral efficiency, making it more conducive to achieving sustained yield increases for jasmine.

[0040] In some embodiments, the step of mixing fly ash, sheep manure, and straw with water specifically includes: mixing fly ash, sheep manure, and straw to obtain a mixture, and then adding water to the mixture to make the water content of the mixture 50%-65%. For example, the water content of the mixture can be 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, or 65%. Other specific values ​​within the above range can be selected and will not be listed here.

[0041] In this embodiment, the moisture content of the mixture is ensured to be 50%-65%, providing a suitable water environment for aerobic fermentation, allowing microorganisms to fully multiply and drive the decomposition of organic matter. Simultaneously, a suitable moisture content facilitates the wetting and uniform dispersion of mineral components such as silicon, iron, manganese, and titanium in the fly ash in the aqueous phase, and their stable retention through adsorption or complexation with humic substances, enabling the compound fertilizer to achieve a slow-release effect of trace elements. The moisture content is defined as: wet basis moisture content = (mass of water in the material / (mass of water in the material + mass of dry matter in the material)) × 100%.

[0042] In some preferred embodiments, the mixture has a water content of 60%.

[0043] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is (12-16):(15-20):(12-16). Preferably, a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer produced in Russia is used (N:P2O5:K2O = 16%:16%:16%).

[0044] In some embodiments, the aerobic fermentation time is 30-45 days, and / or the turning and mixing is performed 2 or 3 times. The aerobic fermentation time can be 30 days, 31 days, 32 days, 33 days, 34 days, 35 days, 36 days, 37 days, 38 days, 39 days, 40 days, 41 days, 42 days, 43 days, 44 days, or 45 days. Other specific values ​​within the above range can also be selected, and will not be listed here.

[0045] In some embodiments, the disinfection is to expose the fly ash clinker to sunlight for 3-5 days or to sterilize it with steam at 115℃-121℃ for 20-30 minutes to obtain fly ash clinker.

[0046] This invention provides the application of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer in increasing jasmine yield.

[0047] This invention also provides the application of compound fertilizer in increasing jasmine yield. Field experiments using the compound fertilizer were conducted in Heshan Town, Changle District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, covering a cumulative experimental area of ​​approximately 50 hectares. The results showed a significant increase in jasmine yield, approximately 13% higher than the control, resulting in an additional output value of approximately 14.525 million yuan. Specifically, the yield under control conditions was approximately 386 kg / mu, while the yield after applying the compound fertilizer increased to approximately 436 kg / mu, indicating that the compound fertilizer has the effect of promoting stable and increased jasmine yield.

[0048] This invention provides the application of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer in improving the quality of jasmine flowers.

[0049] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer in improving the quality of jasmine flowers. The compound fertilizer helps to increase the accumulation level of jasmine aroma substances and improve the aroma and commercial quality of jasmine flowers.

[0050] This invention provides a cultivation method for increasing jasmine yield, specifically including: Fertilization before transplanting: Mix the above-mentioned compound fertilizer with the soil before transplanting; Topdressing during the vegetative growth period: Water-soluble fertilizer for the vegetative growth period is applied by root irrigation. The water-soluble fertilizer for the vegetative growth period includes fly ash extract and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced liquid fertilizer. Topdressing during flower bud differentiation period: Apply water-soluble fertilizer for flower bud differentiation period by foliar spraying. The water-soluble fertilizer for flower bud differentiation period includes fly ash extract and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Topdressing during flowering period: Apply water-soluble fertilizer during flowering period by foliar spraying. The water-soluble fertilizer during flowering period includes fly ash extract and trace element fertilizer.

[0051] This invention employs a cultivation method of "applying base fertilizer before planting and topdressing in stages during the growth period," which matches the nutrient supply method with the shallow root absorption characteristics of jasmine and the fluctuations in field water conditions. This improves the timeliness and stability of nutrient supply, enhances nutrient utilization, and reduces the risk of leaching. Simultaneously, by utilizing the silicon, various trace elements, and humic components in the decomposed fly ash and its extract, typical obstacles in jasmine planting soil, such as "acidification and structural degradation," are improved, thereby achieving a comprehensive effect of stable and increased yield while also improving quality.

[0052] By applying fertilizer before planting, that is, mixing the compound fertilizer with the soil before planting, the nutrients of the fly ash compost and compound fertilizer can be evenly distributed in the rhizosphere, which meets the absorption characteristics of jasmine's shallow roots. At the same time, the humic components such as humic acid and beneficial microorganisms in the compost help to improve the soil aggregate structure and rhizosphere microecology, and improve nutrient availability and supply stability.

[0053] Topdressing during the vegetative growth period, specifically by applying a balanced water-soluble fertilizer containing fly ash extract through root irrigation, allows macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) to reach the rhizosphere directly with the water, achieving a continuous supply in small, frequent applications and reducing the risk of one-time loss under fluctuating field water conditions. At the same time, timely replenishment of micronutrients through fly ash extract promotes the growth of jasmine flowers.

[0054] Topdressing during the flower bud differentiation period, specifically by foliar spraying with water-soluble phosphorus and potassium fertilizer containing fly ash extract, can quickly replenish phosphorus and potassium and provide trace elements such as silicon, reduce nitrogen supply, and promote the transformation of jasmine from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.

[0055] Topdressing during the flowering period, specifically by foliar spraying with water-soluble micronutrient fertilizer containing fly ash extract, can replenish micronutrients such as boron and zinc during the flowering and bud development stages, which helps improve the marketability of buds and enhance the quality of jasmine flowers.

[0056] In some embodiments, the fly ash extract is prepared by soaking fly ash and water for 12-30 hours and then filtering to obtain the fly ash extract.

[0057] In this embodiment, water-soluble trace elements in fly ash are transferred to water by soaking and filtration; by removing insoluble particles by filtration, the risk of solid impurities clogging the foliar spray can be reduced, which is more conducive to the rapid absorption of nutrients by jasmine.

[0058] In some embodiments, the ratio of fly ash to water is 1:(8-12) by weight.

[0059] In some embodiments, the ratio of fly ash to water can be 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11, or 1:12. Other specific values ​​within the above range can also be selected, and will not be listed here.

[0060] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.

[0061] Example 1 This embodiment provides a compound fertilizer to increase jasmine yield and is used for jasmine cultivation; details are as follows: 1. Preparation of compound fertilizer: Fly ash compost and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mixed in a ratio of 3:1 to obtain compound fertilizer (the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer produced in Russia, wherein N:P2O5:K2O = 16%:16%:16%).

[0062] The preparation method of fly ash clinker includes the following steps: (1) Fly ash screening: The collected fly ash is passed through a 2mm sieve to remove large particulate impurities; (2) Composting: Mix fly ash, sheep manure and straw in a volume ratio of 3:1:1 to obtain a mixture; (3) Moisture adjustment: Add water to the mixture in step (2) and mix well to adjust its moisture content to about 60%; (4) Composting time: Aerobic composting fermentation is carried out, and the composting time is 45 days, during which the compost is turned over 2-3 times; (5) Composting standard: When the temperature of the compost pile drops to room temperature, there is no odor and the C / N ratio is stable, the compost is considered to be fully composted.

[0063] (6) Disinfection treatment: The composted material is sterilized by steam at 115℃ for 30 minutes to obtain fly ash compost.

[0064] In this embodiment, a testing company was commissioned to test the prepared fly ash clinker, and the test results are shown in Table 2. According to the table, the fly ash clinker has a high content of organic matter and humic acid, and a high number of viable bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis). Its pH and moisture content are within a suitable range; and safety indicators such as coliform bacteria, ascarid eggs, and heavy metals all meet the limit requirements.

[0065] Table 2 Test results of fly ash clinker

[0066] 2. Jasmine cultivation: The double-petaled jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) was used as the experimental variety, and its growth stages were divided into: the leaf and branch growth period (early April to early May), the budding period (early May to late May), and the full bloom period (early June to September). A ridge-furrow cultivation model was adopted, with the distance between two adjacent clumps of jasmine on the same ridge approximately 35 cm; between different ridges, the distance between two clumps of jasmine was approximately 80 cm.

[0067] (1) Fertilization before transplanting: Before the jasmine sprouts in spring or during the recovery period after pruning, prepare compound fertilizer according to the ratio, dig shallow trenches in the 0-15cm topsoil layer, add the compound fertilizer to the shallow trenches and mix it evenly with the topsoil. Select robust jasmine cuttings; water thoroughly after transplanting. Place in a sunny and well-ventilated environment; keep the substrate moist but avoid waterlogging. The amount of compound fertilizer added is 130 kg / hm. -2 .

[0068] (2) Topdressing during the vegetative growth period: Add fly ash extract (fly ash:water = 1:10, soaked for 24 hours and filtered) to 0.1% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced liquid fertilizer; control the EC value at 1.2-1.8 mS / cm -3 Adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5 to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer for the vegetative growth period.

[0069] After the jasmine plants enter the vegetative growth stage, apply water-soluble fertilizer for the vegetative growth stage by root irrigation, once every 15 days, with a single application rate of 100 kg / hm². -2 .

[0070] (3) Topdressing during flower bud differentiation: Add fly ash extract (fly ash: water = 1:10, soaked for 24 hours and filtered) to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; control the EC value at 1.2-1.8 mS / cm -3 Adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5 to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer for the flower bud differentiation period.

[0071] After the jasmine plants enter the flower bud differentiation stage, apply water-soluble fertilizer for flower bud differentiation by foliar spraying every 10 days, with a single application rate of 100 kg / hm². -2 .

[0072] (4) Topdressing during flowering period: Add fly ash extract (fly ash: water = 1:10, soak for 24 hours and filter) to micronutrient fertilizer (micronutrient fertilizer containing boron and zinc) to obtain water-soluble fertilizer for flowering period.

[0073] After the jasmine plants enter the flowering period, apply the aforementioned water-soluble fertilizer by foliar spraying every 20 days, with a single application rate of 80 kg / hm². -2 .

[0074] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for cultivating jasmine, with the specific steps as follows: With double-petaled jasmine ( Jasminum sambac L. The experimental variety was divided into three growth stages: leaf and branch growth period (early April to early May), bud break period (early May to late May), and full bloom period (early June to September). The application rates of the following fertilizers were the same as in Example 1.

[0075] (1) Base fertilizer application: Dig shallow trenches in the top 0-15cm soil layer, add N+P2O5+K2O into the shallow trenches and mix evenly with the topsoil. Select robust jasmine cuttings, and water them thoroughly after planting. Place them in a well-lit and well-ventilated environment; keep the substrate moist and avoid waterlogging.

[0076] (2) Topdressing during the vegetative growth period: After the jasmine plants enter the vegetative growth period, apply 0.1% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced liquid fertilizer by root irrigation once every 15 days.

[0077] (3) Topdressing during the flower bud differentiation period: After the jasmine plant enters the flower bud differentiation period, apply 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution by foliar spraying once every 10 days.

[0078] (4) Topdressing during flowering period: After the jasmine plant enters the flowering period, apply micronutrient fertilizer by foliar spraying once every 20 days.

[0079] Test Example 1 This test case compares the jasmine yield of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0080] This test case was conducted in Heshan Town, Changle District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. The cumulative experimental area of ​​Example 1 was 50 hectares, and the cumulative experimental area of ​​Comparative Example 1 was 50 hectares. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the yield of Example 1 increased by 13%, with an additional output value of RMB 14.525 million.

[0081] The yield of Comparative Example 1 was 386 kg / mu, and the yield of Example 1 was 436 kg / mu.

[0082] Table 1. Jasmine yield data for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0083] Test Example 2 This test compares the jasmine quality of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2. The jasmine obtained in Example 1 has a high content of key aroma components such as linalyl acetate, benzyl acetate, linalool, and α-farnesene, indicating that the compound fertilizer and cultivation method provided in Example 1 of this invention help promote the accumulation of the main aroma substances in jasmine, thereby improving the aroma quality and commercial quality stability of jasmine.

[0084] Table 2. Jasmine quality data for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1

[0085] In summary, this invention provides a compound fertilizer for increasing jasmine yield. The compound fertilizer is prepared by combining composted fly ash with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O). The composted fly ash contains trace elements such as silicon, iron, manganese, and titanium, and has a high proportion of humic acid. This invention also provides a jasmine cultivation method. This method involves applying base fertilizer before planting, using a water-soluble fertilizer formed by combining fly ash extract and liquid fertilizer, and supplementing different nutrients at different growth and development stages. This ensures that nutrient supply matches the absorption of jasmine's shallow root system and field water fluctuations, improving nutrient utilization, reducing the risk of nutrient loss, and synergistically improving soil fertility and structure, achieving stable and increased yield while also improving quality.

[0086] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for increasing jasmine flower yield, characterized in that, The compound fertilizer includes fly ash compost and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; the fly ash compost has a mass percentage of ≥60%, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer has a mass percentage of ≥20%, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer includes N, P2O5 and K2O.

2. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fly ash compost is prepared by the following method: fly ash, sheep manure and straw are mixed with water, aerobic fermentation is carried out, the mixture is turned and mixed evenly, and then disinfected to obtain fly ash compost.

3. The compound fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The volume ratio of fly ash, sheep manure and straw is (3-0.25):(1-0.25):(1-0.25).

4. The compound fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The volume ratio of fly ash, sheep manure, and straw is 3:1:

1.

5. The compound fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps of mixing fly ash, sheep manure, and straw with water include: mixing fly ash, sheep manure, and straw to obtain a mixture, adding water to the mixture, and mixing to make the water content of the mixture 50%-65%.

6. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is (12-16):(15-20):(12-16).

7. The application of the compound fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1-6 in increasing jasmine yield.

8. The application of the compound fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1-6 in improving the quality of jasmine flowers.

9. A cultivation method for increasing jasmine yield, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: Fertilization before transplanting: Mix the compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-6 with the soil before transplanting; Topdressing during the vegetative growth period: Water-soluble fertilizer for the vegetative growth period is applied by root irrigation. The water-soluble fertilizer for the vegetative growth period includes fly ash extract and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced liquid fertilizer. Topdressing during flower bud differentiation period: Apply water-soluble fertilizer for flower bud differentiation period by foliar spraying. The water-soluble fertilizer for flower bud differentiation period includes fly ash extract and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Topdressing during flowering period: Apply water-soluble fertilizer during flowering period by foliar spraying. The water-soluble fertilizer during flowering period includes fly ash extract and trace element fertilizer.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The fly ash extract is prepared by soaking fly ash and water for 12-30 hours and then filtering to obtain the fly ash extract. Preferably, the mass ratio of fly ash to water is 1:(8-12).

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